Ten questions and answers for R&D Lecture conducted:

Question (1): Please list TAMCOs product port-folio.

Answer (1): TAMCOs product port-folio is listed below:
MV AIS (Air Insulated Switchgear):
3.6-7.2kV MCMCC: 400A VCU/VCB (2-Tier or 1-Tier)
12kV AIS: 630-4200A, 25-50kA
24kV AIS: 630-2000A, 25 kA (Plan 31.5kA 1250 -2500A SB)
36-40.5kV AIS: 1250-2000A (M. Bus 2500A) 25-31.5kA 2500A
MV GIS (Gas Insulated Switchgear):
36-40.5kV GIS: 1250-2500A, 25-31.5kA (40kA 2500A ongoing)
MV Ring Main Units (Air insulated and Gas insulated):
12kV GR1: 20kA 630A (T-type) (VI type ongoing)
12kV TM8: 630A 20kA (LBS, LBFS and Inline VCB)
24kV TM8: 630A 20kA (LBS, LBFS and Inline VCB)
36kV TM8: 630A 16kA (LBS & LBFS only)
Question (2): Why do we need Product Research and Development?
Answer (2): Every product in the market is facing with a product life cycle of IGMMPMD
(Introduction, Growth, Mature, Market modification, Product Modification, Market mix modification
and Decline). This life cycle is due to market change factors involving PESTLE (political,
economical, social environmental, technological, legal and ethical (cultures and habits) changes. If
there is no R&D in the company, then the product will enter decline stage and the market share will
continue to drop.
Question (3): What are the different categories of product development?
Answer (3): They are classified into NARIL by Booz Allen theory: New product, Additional product
line, Repositioning and cost reduction of product, Improvement design of product and Licensing of
product from third party.
Question (4): Why only less than 10% of products are new and what are the reasons of product
research and development failure in a company?
Answer (4): One of the reasons for this relatively low level of innovation is the high failure rate of
new products. The key reasons of product development failures are:
(i) Persistence with an idea despite adverse response to market research information.
(ii) Overestimation of the market size.
(iii) Ineffective use of the market mix for a product which has sales potential.
(iv) The development of other, better, products by the competitors.

Question (5): what are the common types of errors made in idea screening (Gate 0 debate) and
how to prevent it from happening?
Answer (5): There are two types of errors which firms can make at this stage:
(a) Drop errors involving dropping a good idea.
(b) Go errors where a poor idea is supported.
This can be prevented by rating devices to assess new product ideas.
Question (6): What are the L&T/TAMCO Six Gate R&D Processes?
Answer (6): Gate 0: kick-off debate; Gate 1: Concept, technology and project approval; Gate 2:
Design release and testing; Gate 3: Approval for manufacturing; Gate 4: Product launching and
approval for sales; Gate 5: Project closure.
Question (7): What are the key IEC standards involved in MV Switchgear?
Answer (7): The key IEC Standards for MV Switchgear are:
IEC62271-1
Common Specification
IEC62271-200
MV Switchgear 1-52kV
IEC62271-100
MV Circuit Breakers
IEC62271-102
Isolator switches
IEC62271-105
Switch fuses
Question (8): What are the common voltage ratings in IEC 62271-1 Common specification and
what voltage should be used in the type tests?
Answer (8): The common voltage ratings are listed as follows and maximum rated voltage shall be
used in the type tests involving voltage and current: 3.3~3.6kV; 6.6~7.2kV; 10~12kV; 13.8~15.2kV
(Class 17.5kV); 20~24kV; 33~36kV; 36~40.5kV.
Question (9): what are the mandatory type tests for TAMCO MV Switchgear under IEC62271200?
Answer (9): The mandatory type tests under IEC62271-200 MV Switchgear are listed on page 59 of
the IEC as follows:
Description of Mandatory Type Test for IEC 62271-200
Dielectric of Main Circuit (Power frequency, impulse tests):
Micro-ohms and temp rise tests:
STC and peak withstand current:
Making and breaking (CB and ESW)
Degree of protection, IP:
Tightness test (GIS):
Mechanical tests for safe operation:
Dielectric test for auxiliary and control circuit:

Clause
6.2
6.4, 6.5
6.6
6.102 6.106
6.7
6.8
6.102
6.10.6

Question (10): What are the applicable type tests under IEC62271-100 for MV Circuit
Breakers?
Answer (10): The applicable type tests under IEC62271-100 for MV Circuit breakers are:
Description of Type test for IEC62271-100
Electrical switching duty tests E1 (T10, T30, T60, T100a and T100s)
Mechanism endurance tests (M1)
Single phase earth fault switching (for solidly earthed system)
Double earth-fault switching (for floating system)
Out of phase switching (for CB involves in synchronizing)
Line (LCC) and cable charging test (CCC)
Capacitive switching tests (for circuit breakers used for capacitor switching):
Single Capacitor and Back to back capacitor switching tests.

Compiled by:
Jimmy Wong General Manager, New Markets
11th October 2010

Clause
6.112
6.101.2.4
6.108
6.108
6.110
6.111.5.1
6.111.5.2.
6.111.5.1
6.111.5.2.