TRANSFORMER

EMF EQUATION, LOSSES AND RATING

SOLVED

Example 1
A 50 kVA, single-phase transformer has 600 turns
on the primary winding and 40 turns on the secondary winding.
The primary winding is connected to a 2.2 kVA, 50 Hz supply.
Determine (i) secondary voltage at no load and (ii) primary and
secondary currents at full load.
Solution:
E2

(i)

E1

So,

E2

N2

bI g

(ii)

1 FL

N1

N2
N1
40

E1

2200 146. 67 V

600

kVA rating 1000

E1

50 1000
2200

= 22.73 A

bI g

2 FL

kVA rating 1000

E2

50 1000
146. 67

= 340.9 A
Example 2
A 80 kVA, 3200/400 V, single-phase, 50 Hz,
transformer has 111 turns on the secondary winding. Calculate (i)
number of turns on primary winding. (ii) Secondary full-load
current, and (iii) cross-sectional area of the core if the maximum
flux density as 1.2 tesla.
Solution:
(i)

We know that
So,

N1

N2
N1
E1
E2

E2
E1

N2

3200

111 888 turns

400
1

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(ii)

bI g

2 FL

EMF EQUATION, LOSSES AND RATING

SOLVED

kVA rating 1000

E2

80 1000
400

= 200 A
(iii) The emf equation of a transformer is:
E2 = 4.44 fN2 m V
or
E2 = 4.44 fN2 m A V
( m = Bm A)
where
Bm = maximum flux density in Wb/m2 or tesla
A = cross-sectional area of the core in m2
So,
400 = 4.44 50 111 1.2 A
or cross-sectional area, A = 0.0135m2
Example 3
The required no-load ratio in a 1, 50 Hz core type
transformer is 6000/250 V. Find the number of turns in each
winding if peak value of flux in core is to be about 0.06 Wb.
Solution
No-load voltage ratio =
i.e. E1 = 6000 V

6000
250

and E2 = 250 V

Peak value of the flux, m = 0.06 Wb

The emf equation of the transformer is given by
E1 = 4.44 f N1m V
or 6000 = 4.44 50 N1 0.06
Hence
N1 = 450.45 turns
Since the number of turns in each winding should be a whole
number,
N1 = 451 turns
Similarly, emf equation of a transformer is given by
2

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or
Hence

EMF EQUATION, LOSSES AND RATING

SOLVED

E2 = 4.44 fN2m V
250 = 4.44 50 N2 0.06
N2 = 18.768 turns or 19 turns

Example 4. A 25 kVA transformer has 500 turns on the primary

winding and 50 turns on the secondary winding. The primary
winding is connected to 3000 V, 50 Hz supply. Find the full-load
primary and secondary currents, the secondary emf and the
maximum flux in the core. Neglect leakage drop and no-load
primary current.
Solution:
Transformation ratio, K = N2 50 0.1
N1

500

Full load primary current,

bI g

1 FL

kVA rating 1000

E1
25 1000

3000

= 8.33 A

Now,

bI g
bI g
bI g bI Kg

1 FL

2 FL

So,
Now,

2 FL

1 FL

8. 33
83. 3 A
0.1

E2
K
E1

So, E2 = KE1 = 0.1 3000 = 300 V

The emf equation of a transformer is given by
E1 = 4.44 f N1 m V
So, we have 3000 = 4.44 50 500 m
or m = 0.027 Wb
3

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EMF EQUATION, LOSSES AND RATING

SOLVED

= 27 mWb

Example 5
A single-phase transformer has primary voltage of
230 V. No-load primary current is 5 A. No-load pf is 0.25. Number
of primary turns is 200 and frequency is 50 Hz. Calculate (i)
maximum value of flux in one core. (ii) core loss, and (iii)
magnetizing current.
Solution
Given:
E1 V1 = 230 V
I0 = 5 A
cos 0 = 0.25
N1 = 200 turns
f = 50 Hz
(i) The emf equation of a transformer is given by
E1 = 4.44 f N1 m V
So 230 = 4.44 50 200 m
which gives
m = 5.18 mWb
(ii)

At no load, copper loss is negligible.

So, input power = iron loss bWi g
Thus, core loss, Wi = V1 I0 cos 0
= 230 5 0.25 = 287.5 W

(iii) Magnetizing current,

I = I0 sin 0
= 5 0.97
= 4.85 A

( cos 0 = 0.25 and sin 0 = 0.97)

TRANSFORMER

EMF EQUATION, LOSSES AND RATING

SOLVED

Example 4.6 A transformer has turn ratio N1 : N2 of 4. If a 50

resistance is connected across the secondary, what is the
resistance referred to the primary?
Solution
Turns ratio = N1 4
So, K =

N2
N2 1

N1 4

A 50 resistance is connected across the secondary.

When 50 resistance is shifted from secondary to primary,
we have to divide it by K2.
Hence, resistance referred to the primary = 502 50 2 800
K

b1/ 4g