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FIRST

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GRAMMAR,

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FIRST

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PKEFACii.

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May teachers
handy primer.

PKEFACE

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for

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pupils

the

save

tains
con-

young

dictionary.

find

it

useful

and

EDITION.

THIKD

to

express
members

his
of

sincere
the

thanks

profession

French
Book"
adopted his "First
He
has
elementary classes.
carefully
in
the
some
shght
present edition

defects, and

The

using

THE

numerous

have

of the

will

it

September, 1877.

London,

to

of

and

to

French

to

translation, and

which

trouble

according

up

introduction

an

conversation^ and

grammar,

The

drawn

first stage.

of the

requirements
It

been

most

Second

to the

the

useful

young

volume,
student,

for

hst

greater
of

some

irregular verbs.

Feench

Book,

which

will

little

Grammar,"
"Elementary
preparation, and will be pubhshed
next
at the same
low price,
April, 1878.

the

is
in

complete
now

in

September

CONTENTS.

"

Page
A

List

The

of Words

be

to

committed

to

vi

Memory

Alphabet

Orthographic

other

and

Accents

The

Definite

The

Indefinite

Signs

"

2"6,49

Article

2, 8

Article

3, 7, 60

Nouns
The

Possessive

..""..

Pronouns

Simple

16

"

15, 66

69

"

30

30"35
35

Tenses

Tbe

Conjugration

36

Negation

....

Donner,

37

"

"

37

Simple
88"43

Tenses

Compound

Demonstrative

44

Tenses
"

Adjective

"

"

Pronouns

48
72

....

77

Pronouns

Demonstrative

Relative

"

25

and

Possessive

65

19"21

Interrogation

Bonner,

"

18, 73"76

Tenses

Etrct Compound

First

"

Tenses

Avoir, Compound
Btre,

13

Tenses

Simple

56

12, 70

Numerals

Avoir,

11, 67

"

Adjectives

Personal

"

4, 49

Case

Possessive

Qualifying Adjectives

The

viii

"

"

79

Pronouns

81
.,""",

"

84

CONTENTS.

Pagw
Tlie

Punir,

Cox^Uffatlon;

Second

Simple
85"87

Tenses
Tenses

Punir, Compound
Tbe

88"90

Conjugratlon

Tblrd

Eecevoir, Simple

Tenses

"
.

Tenses

Recevoir, Compound
Tbe

Tenses

95

....

Conjugratlon

Fourtb

91"94

Rompre,

97

"

Simple
98"101

........

Tenses

Bompre, Compound

102

"

105

Prepositions

96

Adverbs

100, 103"106

Indefinite

Adjectivesand

Pronouns

The

AuxiliaryVerbs

The

Four

...

List of

Short

some

Reflexive
of the

Chapter

Verbs

most

for the

useful

113

Passive
or

109

112

Conjugations

Pronominal

"

109, 110

Conjunctions

The

107

114

115

Verbs
Irregul""r

Inquisitive

117

124,

125

GONTSNTS.

Page

Tiolon

lie

Cas86

Exercice

128

Prouonciation

de

129

L'Avare

129
d'un

Epitaphe

Ecolier

d'un

Lettre

129

Paresseux

Pere

son

129
....

Le

Ver-Luisant

et

le

Crapand

130
....

Le

Rgve

130

Le

Paresseux

130

Athalie

et

Le

Spectre

Le

Rat

de

132

Joas

133

Ville

et

le

Rat

des

Champs

134
.

La

Machine

Christophe
Mieux

Le

que

135

Vapeur

Colomb

136

137

"ja

de

Marchand

Petits

G"teaux

139
....

"*

L'Avare"

English-French

de

Molidre

140

Vocabulary

142
,

French-English

"

"

Yocabolary
"

146

A
TO

BE

LIST

COMMITTED

OF

WOfiDS
TO

MEMOEY.

"m-.

PABT.

FIEST

LESSON
THS

T",c, d,

a,

AXiPBABST.

f, g, h, i, j, k, 1, m,

e,

p, q, r, s, t, u,

be,

a,
emme,

in

are

p^,

used

The

grave,

used

in

on

Frencb.

i, ji, ka, elle,

te, u, v^,
esse,

ache,

ge,

three

only

on

o,

n,

z.

y,

erre,
qu,
zede.

French

acute,

accents
:

and

ete,
:

"

summer.

mother

mere,

5,

at.

or

The
e,

x,

letters

i grec,

The

to

tbe

o,

v6, ikse,

There

w,

de, ^, effe,

ce,
enne,

double

V,

of

uraxnes

I.

etc.
The

it the
The

circumflex, used
:

any

vowel

(except y), a,

tete, head.

cedilla

is

sound

of

little

before

apostrojihe is
has

vowel

on

been

sign placed
a,

o,

under
fiargon,

sign (')which
suppressed : Vami,
a

to

boy.
that

shows
for

give

le and

ami,

friend.

the

The
and
must

dicEvesis

is

sign consisting

of two

which
above
denoting that the vowel
be
pronounced
quite distinct from
vowel:
7iaif=na-'i-fef artless.
B

dots

("),

it stands
the

ceding
pre-

Exercise

Spell the following

French

their
Un

Christmas

Vhoinme,

the

the

wi

man

words, giving the lettei'S

French

pupil ;
jeu, a

Sieve, a

1.

un

name:

game

THE

paste ;

error

la

lyre,

le, the, before

the

father

the

mother

the

any
mute

li

singular beginning
h aspirate : la mere,
an
hedge.

or

singular noun
:
Venfant, the

beginning with
child ; Vhomme^

man.
The

une,

The
every
Eleve

or

un,

an,
or

plume
mere

fnfant

Article.

Indefinite

before

an,

before

noun
a

article,in French,

masculine

noun

feminine

must

be

singular.
singular,

repeated before

noun.

ipupil
(r/iosc),

(m.),"brother
{/.),sister

It^tq
BCEur

aas

(/.),
pen
mother
(/.),
(m.),child

voici, here
pere

feminine

haie, the

; la

or

an

noun

consonant

1', the, before

vowel

or

singular beginning
aspu-ate ; le pere,

hibou, the owl.

la, the, before

a

Article.

masculine

ncmn

consonant

; le

with

Singulak.

Definite

Tbe

with

II.

AIITZCX.ES.

The

a,

the

Noel,

lyre.
LESSON

mason

Verreur, the

la pate^

magon,

is

or

here

(m.),JutJier

there

hibou

h asp.), owl
(j"i.,

sur,
ore

there

voila.

haie

homme

is, or

are

on

(/.,h asp.),hedge
(m., h mute), man

3
The
to the
must

sign (J),joiningtwo

that those
word, means
be joinedin pronunciation.

1. L'eleve

fant.

L'enfant

8.

frere.

Voici

5.

le hibou

6. Voila

sur

2. The

the

are

father

La

2.

une

mere

un"en-

L'homme

4.

soeur.

le pere, le frere et la
la haie.

Szercise

1. Here

letters

Exercise.

plume.

une

belonging
two

same

Model

un

letters not

a
soeur.

2.

sister,the child, and the man.

a
pupil. 8. The pupil has

has

is the owl.
4. Here
5. There
pen.
6. The brother has an owl.

LESSON

The

Definite Article:

hedge.

III.
AND

ARTZCXiIiS

is the

DTOUN-S.

Plueal.

les,

the, before

any

plural

noun.

IndefiniteArticle
Nou7is
as

to form

les

the

has

Translate:

the father ?

father

has

II a, he has

a-t^il? has
elle a, she

a-t^elle?

has

ils^ont, they
ontcils

she?

to

have

elles^ont (/.),
they

by:

le pere

they T
have

f
a-tz.il

he ?

non,

no

livre

[m.),'bo6k

fils,son

have

(m.)

ontcclles ? (/.)have
oui, yes

he T

has

plural,add

plural.
the singular,

no

the mothers.

meres,

the
literally,

this article has

fille,
daughter

they T

iVXodel

1. L'^l^ve

ont^ils les
livre ?
a-t^elle un
Les

les

La

4.

mere

et voila les freres.

Exercise

1. Here

the

are

books?

Yes.

Have

and

mere

livre.

un

Oui.

6.

Voici

fUs^et la fille

plume.

ont^une

4.

La

Le

7.

2. Les^

8.

ontcelles les livres ?

meres

scEurs

Oui.

plume ?
plumes ? Non.

a-t^il^une

Aleves
5.

Exercise.

the

the

have

Yes.

mother

the

5.

mother

has

The

7.

mothers

The

pens ?
the
pens.

No.

child?

the

they

Have

2.

the

mothers

sisters

brother?

pupils.
Has

3.

3.

Has

6.

son

he

and

daughter.
LESSON
The

Definite

Article

from,

or

and

tlie

s^" to

"

witli

The

is

IV.
at,

or

Possessive

and

of

"de,"

Case.

SiNGUiiAB.

the, and

of the, before a noun

masculine
consonant
a
singular beginning with
h aspirate : au
or
an
hihou, du
pere, du
pere ; au
au

to

du,

hihou.
h

la

is to the, and

feminine

beginning

aspirate :

la

sxur,

de

with
de

of the, before

la,
a

la

consonant

sceur

a
or

la

noun

li

an

haie, de

la

any

gular
sin-

haie.
ft. 1*

is

to

noun

"

Venfant,
Translate:

the, and

beginning
de

1', of the, before

de

with

vowel

or

an

li mute

Yhomme.
ray

brother's' pen,

: the
mon/rere, literally

pen

of my

hy

la

plunie d$

brother.

Translate

some

some

bread,

du

pain

some

water,

de

Yeau.

Some

be

in

expressed

before

I have

J'ai,
donn6,

Charles

Charles,

(/.),water

eau

must

(m.), hook

as-tu

hast

thou

(/.),"eer
(m.), bread

viande

(/.), meat

(jw.),my

mon

Exercise.

Model

1.

mais_il_a

viande

donne

de

I'eau

donne

de

rhomme._

Charles

de

ma

pain

la

de

donne

A-t^il

8.

du

donne

J'ai

Il_a

2.

noun,

livre

pain

Lewis

Louis,

viands

la

hut

biere

il, he

V ;

(/.). "'!/

mais,

to

a,

de

or

English,

every

ma

given

la,

de

in

omitted

French

de

du,

meat,

some

often

any,

or

by

any,

or

au

my
and

Non,

mais

j'ai donne

given
5.

Yes

owl.

Charles.

6.

biere

la

frere

mon

plumes

les

and

Lewis

3.

he

have

and
has

has

some

given

given

No

2.

pens

Charles'

to

bread

4.

sister's

my

book.

some

Nou,

4.

Louis.

meat

some

de

6.

thou

father's

et

le livre

Louis.

de

hibou

donne

soeui-^a

Hast

de
?

As-tu

Charles.

soeur

5.

Exercise

1.

la

I'enfant

I'eau

de

frere

au

given

some

the

I have
water

some

sister.
beer

4.
to

the

meat

pupil's

Has

he
?

man

to

book

the
to

6
LESSON
Article

Definite

Tbe

k,"
from.

The

is

in the

the, and

to

plural:

Translate
in the

some

des, of the,before

or

any

noun

before any

noun

hommes.

des

by

any

some

or

des

by

any

negativene...pas,

or

J'ai,/ have

ai-je?

tn as, thou hast

il a, he has

as-tu ?

^*

of

only

to

liaive.

avoir,"

NEGATIVELY.

11

have

je n'ai

thou

hast

a-tc-il ?

has

he

have

avons-nous

have

avez-vous

uie

pas, / have not

n'as pas, thou hast not
il n"a pas, he fias not

tu

?
she ?

? has
a-tc:^elle

has

have

elle n'a

we

you

? have

you

ontoils

have

they ?

Us

pas,

not
we

not

n'avez

vous

have

Ils^ont, they have

s?ie has

pas,

n'avons

nous

have
vous^avez,

after

d*

INTERROGATIVELY.

AFFIRMATIVKLY.

iiou8"^avons,

de

not.

Indicative

Present

elle a, she

^de,** Cjf

plural.

Translate
the

ai,and

or

PiiURAL.

hommes,

auz

to

*^

witb
or

auz

V.

pas, you

not

n'ont

pas, they have

not

elles"_,ont,
they (/.)have

ontoelles ?
(/.)

have

they T

elles n'ont
have

pas;

t/iey(/.)

not

Exercise.

Model

Non, ils n'ont pas

8. Avez-vous
4. Oui,
d'enfants.
des^eleves ?
des^eleves. 5. A-t^il donne du pain
nous^avons
il n'a pas donne
de pain
6. Non
?
aux^hommes
8. Oui, tu
7. Ai-je des livres ?
aux_hommes.
des livres.
9. La
soeur_a-tcelle des plumes ?
as
10. Non, elle n'a pas de plumes.
1. Ont^ils des_enfants ?

Sxercise

1. Have

any books.

you

any

8. Have

books?

2.

S.

2.

No, I have

they givenany

bread

not

to the

8
Exercise

Frenchwoman

1. The

is there.

godchild (/.). 4.
here ?
6. No, the
here.

not

7. There

9. We

6.
are

are

is here.
The

3.

cousin

Here

lishwom
Enghas

the

marchioness

orphans

the

orphans (/.). 8. Are

here.
10.
They (/.) are

is

(masc).
there?

you

here.

not

there.

LESSON

VII.
ADJECTIVES.

QVAXiXrYZNG

Adjectives,in French, agree in gender

with the noun
number
they quaUfy.
To

form

masculine:

mute
e
feminine, add an
grand, tall ; [few.)(jrande.

the

in the
adjectiveends in e mute
it will not change in the feminine
(masc),clever; habile, (fern.).
If the

plural,add
grands, grander, habiles.
form

To

the

t^^'V
(m.),ta (/.)i

Ton

an

maltre,

to the

ou,

petit,small

s6v^.re,strict

his

juste,just

aimable, amiable

patient, patient
fig6,old.

ni...

ni, neither...

nor

Model

1. Ta

the

line,
mascu:

habile

singular:

or

habile, chver
ne...

to

school
pension {/.),

her

or

and

master

est, is
son,

of the marchioness

of the

are

2. The

marchioness

Is the cousin

They (w.)are

11,

6.

Exercise.

2. Non, elle est

scEur_est^elle grande ?
frere est_habile et aimable, mais
petite. 8. Ton
ta cousine n'est ni aimable, ni habile,ni jeune.

sont^ils

maitres

4.

Les

5.

Non,

severes

est^agee.
7.

old

pupils clever

the

young

or

She

4.

thy school

at

amiable.

Is

3.

2.

thy

Yes,

cousin

but she is neither

is young,
5. Is

amiable.

patient nor
6.

and

clever

are

mere

"

Zzercise

they

Ma

justes^etpatients. 6.

ils sont

1. Are

pension?

ta

just?

master

thy

Yes, but he is strict.

CONVERSATION.

Le

Matin.

Chambre

La

"

Mouning.

The

coucher.

Charles.

C.

On

Geor-

Do

Charles.

George

Bed-

Some

frappe.

one

Where

you

hear,

What?

George.

Quoi?

g'.Oil frappe- t^on

0.*A la porte.

The

room.

Entends-tu

ges ?
Georges.

"

is

is some

knocking.
one

knocking?

At

the

door.

VIII.

LESSON

ABJECTIVES.

QVAXiXF-S-XXTG
,

Begrees

To form
more,

il

est

Comparison.

put pins,
comparative of superiority
and
the positive,
than, after it :
que,
grand que Jean^ he is taller than

the

before

plus

of

John.

comparative of inferiorityput
and
than^
xnoins,
less,before the positive,
que,
Jean, he is less
after it : il est znoins
grand que
tall than John, or he is not so tall as John.
To form the comparative of equalityput aussi
before the positive,and
than, after it :
que,
as,
he
is as
Jean,
tall
il est aussi
grand que
To

form

the

10
John ; il est aussl

as

he is

tall and

as

as

grand et
old

as

Lg mien (m.),mhie
le tien (m.),
thine

aussi

mot,

I.
la mienne
la tienne

Model

que

mine
(/.),
thine
(/.),

Exercise.

1. Ta scenr^est^elle
plusgrande que la mienne?
2. Non, elle est moins
grande que la tienne.
frere est^il plus_liabile
8. Ton
et plus.aimable
que

le mien

4. Mon

et aussi habile que

frere est"aussi aimable

le tien.
5. Les maitres^a ta

pensionsont^ilsplus severes
que
Bont moins severes
que justes.
Exercise

1. Are
2.

They

8. His

the
are

iustes ?

8.

pupilsat thy school as

but they are
not so tall,

mother

6. Us

is stricter than

tall
more

mine, but

as

I ?

clever.
more

patientthan thine. 4. Is thy brother older than

than thine. 6. Lewis
5. No; he is younger
mine?
is as clever,
as amiable, and
as young
as
George.

p^,"

11
IX.

LESSON

ASJSCTZVES.

QVAXiZFYIIffG

To

superlativerelative put the definite

the comparative : Charles est V enfant

tlie

form

article before

is the

Charles

plus amable,

le

Comparison.

of

Degrees

aimable^ Lewis

nwins

child ; Louis est V enfant le

child.
the least amiable

amiable

most

is

the

superlativeabsolute put tr^s, fort,

extremely, etc., before tho
ve7'i/, extrSmement,
he is very amiable.
: il est tr QSz,"^imable,
positive
To

form

Deux, two

6goiste,selfish

(m.),friend
chien (m.) dog

animal

fidele,faithful

(w,),animal
present (m.),present
Noel (m.),Christmas

chat

nous

ami

cat
("".),

Sxercise.

model

soeur_estc.ellela plus grande des deux

1. Ma

Non,

2.

est la

ta sceur^est

tres-grande,mais
des

plus grande

mon^ami
est le

deux,

est^extremement

plus patient.

chien

Le

4.

Exercise

shall

Thy

sister

master
master

the

have
is

more

is very

patient of
faithful, 6. The
more

de

maitre

le mien

Tanimal

animal

est^un
des

la micmie

mais
est

le

tres^

presents^a Noel.

riclie des deux.

7. II est le moins

1. We

Le

3.

severe,

Le
chat
5.
plus fidele.
ego'iste. 6. Nous^aurous

2.

slioll have

we

aurous,

9.

present

least

the

clever.

patientof the two

just, but Charles'
the

two.

cat is

at

5.

The

Christmas.
8.

Is

4. No

master

thy

my
is the
;

dog is very

extremelyselfish.

12
LESSON
TKS

The

X.

POSSESSIVE

ADJECTIVES.

possessiveadjectivesin
with

person

the

French

and

possessor,

in

agree

in

and

number

gender with the objectpossessed.

When

there is

only one

possessor

Singular

"

Plural

Meaning,

J.

"my

thy
his,her, it$
When

there

are

more

than

one

Singular

possessor

"

Plural

for

for both genders.

both

genders. Meaning,

Ist

person

notre

nos

our

2ad

person

votre

vos

your

3rd

person

leur

leurs

their

balls,my ball;
father ; mes^oncles, my
uncles.
pere,
my
than one
balle,our ball ;
: notre
possessor
brothers ; leuTa^ojicles,their
freres, your

Examples.
mon

More
vos

"

One

possessor

ma

uncles.

Recompense, rewarded
grond6, scolded

Exercise.

nxodel

1. Le

pere

seen

vu,

n'a-tc^ilpas

ses

recompense

fils ?

fils^etsa fille.
Oui, le pere a recompense
ses
8.
Les
meres^ont^elles
gronde leurs^enfants ?
4. Non, les meres
n'ont pas gronde leurs^enfants.
cousine ?
6. N'as-tu pas vu ma
6. Non, je n'ai
2.

pas

vu

ta cousine.

Oui, j'aivu
leurs livres.
8.

vos

7.

Avez-vous

plumes,

mais

vu

je

nos

n'ai

plumes
pas

vu

13
Sxercise

has

1. He

his

rewarded
and

her cousins

but

she

has

Have

4.

they

they

7. No

her

not

their

; she

has

pupils

mother

Charles'

her sister,
mother.
my

seen

and

their

pupils?

and

6.

daughter?

her son, but she has not

seen

No,

their brother.

her

seen

sister

her

seen

not

cousins

rewarded

scolded

have

Has

6.

her

seen

she

has

She

3.

Has

2.

has

he

children, but

his

scolded

pupil.

10.

seen

daughter.
XL

LESSON
"rvM:x:RAX.s.

Cardinal

xarumbers.

1, un (w.),une(/.)
; 2, deux
; 3, trois;4, quatre;
5, cinq; 6, six; 7, sept; 8,huit; 9, neuf ; 10, dix;
11, onze
; 12, douze
; 13, treize; 14, quatorze;
15, quinze; 16, seize; 17, dix- sept; 18, dix-huit;
19, dix-neuf ; 20, vingt.
in
is it that), is used
3Sst-ce
(literally,
que
askingquestions: Est-ce quenwnfrere cstjici? also
in Lesson
III.
monfrere estziljici? as shown
Quel dgeas-tu?[what age
you)

balle

are

de, how

Coinbien
bille

old

how
,

you

(/.),marble
(/.),ball

1. Combien
it trois

et

old

years

plate
(/.),

(m.),qlass

verre

plat (m.),dish
Exercise.

de billes as-tu

balles.

aBsiettes ?

ten

am

assiette

many

Model

TeiTes

j'aidix^ans {I have tenyears)

have

3.

Est-ce

?
que

2. J'ai
nous^avons

onze

billes
seize

Nous^avons
quinze assiettes,treize
quatre plats. 5. QueLage a Georges ?
4.

14
6. H

huit^ans.

7. As-tu

vingt^ans?

Exercise

11.

Non,

8.

j'aiquinze ans.
1. How

old

any

marbles

we

and

13

are

2. 1

you
4.

Yes,

6. Is Charles

balls.

his

he is 14, and

glasseshave you
and 12 plates.

brother
?

eighteen. 8. Have

am

have

we

marbles

16

19 years old ?
is 11.
7. How

8. I have

glasses,2

6.

No,

many

dishes,

CONVEESATION.
La

Chambre

The

Couchee.

It is too

G.

litest trop tot.

C. Non, il^est tard.

No,

Bedroom.

early.

it is late.

You

in

G.

Tu

C.

Oui, leve-toi.

Yes, get up.

G.

Tout_a I'heure.

Presently.

C.

Lave-toi.

Wash.

G.

Aprestoi.

After you.

press6.

es

Habille-toi.
G. J'ai bien le

Dress.
I have

C.

temps.

hurry,

plenty of time.

xn.

LESSON

Ordinal

are

Xrumbers.

2nd, second (wi.),

premiere (/.);
Ist,premier(m.),
neuvieme
eeconde
or deuxieme
; to form
; 9tli,
(/.),
to the cardmal
the rest up to twenty add idiue
number
: trois,troisu^w^ ; vingt,Ymgiicme, etc.
N.B.

"

Those

which

end

in

mute

di-opthe

e:

quatr^,qvLatiienie.
Before

onze,

Btropheis

used

huit, hnitihiie,
no
le onzihne^ le hmiiemsn

onzihne
:

apo-

16
xm.

LESSON
THIS

The

psoiroTnr.

tjulsokajb

cosrjTnffCTxvz:

conjunctive personal pronouns

are
immediately connected with

which

those

are

verb.

the

SiNOULAB.
1st Person.

2ndPeusox.

Person.

3rd
'

Both

genders. Both

Norn.

Je,/

tu,

Masc.

genders.
thou

Gen.

of
Bat.

te,to

me

me,

en,ofher,ofit

it.

lui,to him,

thee

lui,to her,to

to it

Ace

me,

te,thee

me

genderi.

elle,she, it

of him,

en,

Both

Fern.

11,he, it

to tnem
y, to it,

it

le,him,it

la,her, it

Plural.
Person.

1ST
Both
JFom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.

2nd

Both

genders.

nous,

Person.

vous,

we

3rd
ilasc.

gondert.

ils,

you

en

nous,

to us

vous,

to you

nous,

us

vous,

you

The

conjunctivepronouns

before

the

verb.

the

placed

after
are

vous,

When

you

verb

with

elles,they
en, of them
leur, to them

les,them

generallyplaced

are

is interrogative

sentence

hast

as-tu,

thou ?

etes'

thou, is used

tu,

Fern.

subject (nominative) is

pronoun

the

leur,
lea,

the

Person.

whom

in French

the

speaker

in
is

addressingpersons
on

famiUar

very

terms.

When

is used

in

addressing one
only, the adjectiveagreeing with it does
person
not take the plural number
:
ma
coiisine,vovs^etes
tresz.aimal)le,
cousin, you are very amiable.
my
The

fai,

vous,

you,

oije,ine,
have, etc.
e

te^ le^is cut off before

vowel

17
papier (to.),
paper
chose
(/.),thing
important, important

rref6, lent
j y \eillerai,I shall see to it
veillerons, we shall
nous^y
to it

see

seen

vu,

parl6,spoken
Sxercise.

Model

1. Ton

il m'a

donneun
beau livre ? 2. Oiii,
pere t'^a-t^il
frero
8. Leur
tres-beau livre.
donne
un
4.
grammaire.
prete ma
les plats^etles^assiettes ?

leur^a
verres,

les^avons

leurs^amis

et

9. Nous^en

7.

parle.La

avons

les

Oui,

nous

6.

II

Leur"a-tc,ildonne
des

donne

Non, il leur^a

8.

papier.

du

5.

les^out pas.

ne

livres.

deux

donne

nous^a

Avez-vous

plumes.
est^importanto;

chose

j'yveillerai.
Exercise

1. Has

father has
lent them

scolded
my

glasses and
had

them.

seen

but

our

3.

me.

book.

4.

The

which

they

lent

5. No,
plates?
have
spoken of it.
had
8. Yes, we
?

brothers
not

us.

seen

i"zsJxrxrcTzvE

9.

We

their
you
their friends
7. Had

them,

seen

shall

you

see

to it.

XIV.

LESSON
THS

Their

Had

2. No, my
sister has not

you?

their
6. I

they had

rewarded

father

your

13.

PERsoifa.x.

PKOxrovirs.

disjunctivepersonal pronouns
used apart from the verb.
are
Singular.

are

those

18
PlUKAIi.
Pbbson.

IST
Both

genders.

Nom.

Nous,

Oen.

denous,

Bat,

k nous,

Ace.

nous,

vous,
you
de vous,

o/m*
us

us

vous,

The

Fern.

Masc.

d'eux,

elles,they
d'elles,o/rft'^

k eux,

k elles. tn them

eux,

elles,"Atm

eux,

0/

j/o"

to you

vous,

Febsow.

8bd

genders.

Both

we

to

Person.

Jnd

you

Reflexive

Personal

Pronouns.

myself; nous, ourself, ourselves.

:
yourselves.
te, thyself; vous, yourself,
self,
soi,himconjunctive : se ; disjunctive,
person
itself,to himself, etc., etc.

1st person
2nd person
3rd

Qui,

me,

wTio

re(?u, received
letter
lettre (/.),

touchy, touched
avec,

with

dine,

dined

Qui

2.

Qui

lui ?

donne

touche

m'a

Exercise.

5. Avez-vous

dine

dine
toi.

sans

8. Elles

? Lui.

8. N'etiez-vous

n'ont

moi

sans

7. II
pas

2.

Yes,

and

one

You

did

with
be

us.

left

them

?
me.

them.

we

elle.

avec

nous^avons

lettre

une

recu

pas^aveo

et

Oui,

6.

de

14.

received
not
you
any letters from
had
received
three
letters from

from

him.

{did is
5.

Who

out).
7.
8.

to

3.

be

Who
left

touched

6. Would

out).
him
he

had

I did

have

received

dined

have
two

me

thee,
ink

some
you
4. They

gave

No, but they would

They

moi.

de lettres d'eux.

re9U
Exercise

1. Had

lui

avec

Moi,

Charles ?

livre

un

Oui, nous^etions

4.

wife
(/.),

encre

2IKodel

1.

without

Bans,

will be

{didis

to

without

dined

out
with-

letters from

19
LESSON
rHB

AVZIIiZARV

XV.

VERB

(Simple

"

AVOIR,"

Tenses.)

to have*

20
SUBJUNCTIVE.
PEESKNT,

{That I

IMPERFECT.

have)

may

{That I might have)

Que j'aie
que

tu

Que i'eusse

aies

tu

que

qu'ilor qu'elleait

eusses

qu'ilor qu'elle etit

que

nous^ayons

que

que

vous^ayez

que

qu'ilsor qu'elles^aient

nous^eussions
vous^eussiez

qu'ilsor qu'elles^euBsent

INFINITIVE.
PltKSENT.

PABTICIPI.E

Avoir

Ayant {having)

{tohave)

PAST.

PARTICIPLE

Eu

(w.),eue

{had)
(/.),

INTERBOGATIVELT.

atcil

eus-je,etc.
aurai-je,etc.

avais-je,etc.

etc
aurais-je,

Avj'e,etc.

NEGATIVELY.
Je n'ai pas, etc.

n'aie

je n'avais pas, etc.

je n'eus pas, etc.
je n'anrai pas, etc.

que

pas, etc.
je n'aie pas, etc.

que

je n'eusse

je n'aurais

n'ayant

etc.

pas, etc.

n'aurai-jepas,

n'ai-jepas, etc.
n'avp.is-je
pas, etc,

n'eus-jepas,

NEGATIVELY.

AND

INTERROGATIVELY

aurais-je

etc.

pas, etc

etc
15.

Exercise

Write

pas,
etc.
pas,

out

all

the

primary

(For the primary tenses,

see

tenses

Lesson

of

XVI.)

avoir.

21
LESSON

"

V"RB

AXrXXX.ZA1l-r

THE

XVI.
to have,

AVOIR,"

(Simple Tenses.)
All the tenses

XV.

in Lesson

given

called

are

Five of them
called primari/ or
are
simple tenses.
primitivetenses, because they form all the others.
The
Infinitive,
"primarytenses are : the Present
the Present
Participle, the Past Participle,the
Present
IndiIndicative,and the Past Definite
CATI\TE.

",

^/

top
toupie (/.),

patience
patience (/.),

{f.),fear
argent (m.),money

peur

d"sirais,desired
Model

1.
aviez

Exercise.

2. Non,
N'avais-jepas de livres ?
des plumes.
3. Aie de la patience.

desirais
ils pas

que I'enfant eut^une

des billes ?
6. Non,

toupies.
aurions

7.

du

Si

balle.

mais^ils

et

4.

Je

N'eurentc
auront

des

de

I'argent nous_
de I'encre.
8. N'ayez pas

nous_avions

papier

5.

vous^

peur.
16.

Exercise

had
ball
fear.
2. We
no
a
(singular)
had
but you
[past definite)some
(pastdefinite),
marbles.
4. Yes,
3. Will they have some
pens ?
1. Have

but

they will not

some
(imperfect)
books.

6. Let

that

have

money
have
us

they might have

[insert[-t-]between the

some

ink ?

any

5. If they had
paper.
have
would
some
you

patience.
top. 8.

verb

and

its

7. I
Will

desired
he

not

have
subject)

22
CONVERSATION.
La
C.

Chambke

C'est

The

Coucher.
This

singulier.

is

singular.

G.

Qa'as-tu?

What

C.

Je

I do not

G.

Cherche-la

C.

J'ai

G.

Ou

perdiTmon
peutjl etre?

C.

Tu

le sais

G.

Cela

trouve

ne

pas

mon^

Bedroom.

is the matter
find my

with
sponge.

Sponge.

se

bien.

Look
savon.

I have

lost my
soap.
it be ?
can

Where

peut^etre.

pourrait.

You
That

LESSON
THS

for it well.

AirXIZ.Xi".RY'

know

it,perhaps.

might

be.

xvn.^
VERB

'*

ETHE,"

to he.

yoa?

24
xvm.

LESSON

"

VERB

AUaUXiZAR-S-

T2E

io b".

STRE,"

(Simple Tenses.)
that there

Remark

is

the

imperative. Avoir
auxiliaryverbs, because
gation of other verbs.

aujourd'^hui, to-day

beaucoup,

model

main

the

conjU"

hier, y ester da/y

avant Jiier, the day ba/br"
yesterdcuy
content, content
satisfait,satisfied

row

much

Exercise.

demain

seras-tu

called

are

in

they help

On, where
demain, to-morrow
ici,la, here,there
apres-demain, afterto-moT'

1. Gti

singulariD

first person
and
6tre

no

Je

2.

ici de-

serai

apres-demain. 3. Ne serontcils pas^ici

seront
aujourd'^hui ? 4. Non, ils ne
pas^ici
aujourd'^hui. 5. Oii etiez-vous^hier ? 6. J'etais
1^ hier et avant^hier.
desirais qu'elles
7. Je
et

fussent

contentes.

rais-tu
mais

^tait

8.

satisfait.

Sois

le second ?
10. Oui,
j'etais
je serais beaucoup plus satisfait si Georges
le premier.

1. Would

here ?
4.

they

there.
shall

not

He

be

be

7.

We

are

They

mi,c:]itbe
is much

more

will

here

were
were

here.

if

content

should

we

6. Where

yesterday ?
10.

18.

3. Wliere

5.

to-morrow.

you

not

No, but

2.

to-morrow.

that

se-

si

content

pas

Exercise

were

Ne

9.

be
you

they

satisfied

be

were

if

we

to-morrow?
but

to-morrow,

after

here

to-day and there

they the day before
8.

there.

9. Let

satisfied

us

than

desired

be content.
his

brother.

25
CONVERSATION.
La Chambre

Coucher.

The

C.

Les"as-tu

caches

G.

Cela

pas^impos-

That's

moi

Give

n'est

Have

Bedroom.
hidden

you

them

unhkely.

not

sible.
C.

Donne-les

G.

C.

Laquelle?

G.

C'est que

vite I

condition.

une

On

tu

me

rendras

ma

That

k t"te,
a dents.

ma

and

ATTXIlilARY

THE

This

tooth-brush.

my

XIX.
"AVOXR."

VERB

(Compound

bade

give me

comb,
hair-brush,

my

LESSON

will

you

my

brosse

quickly !

Which

brosse

et

to me,
condition.

one

peigne,

mon

them

Tenses.)

Verb is its own

auxiliary.

Compound tenses are formed

of
auxiliarythe past participle
being conjugated.

by adding
the

to the

verb which

is

INDICATIVE.
PLUPERFECT.

PERFECT.

is formed

(This tense

with

indicative

the

present

the

auxiHary.)

(This

of

is formed

imperfect indicative

the

auxiliary.)
(I had

had,)

J'avais^eu

eu

Tou3_avez_eu

avais^eu
elle avait^eu
or
nous^avion s"eu
vous_aviez_eu

lis

ils

tu

il

tu

as^eu
or

elle

en

nous_avons_eu

or

with

the

(I have had.)
J'ai

tense

elles^ont^eu

11

or

elles^avaient.,eil

of

25
PAST

ANTERIOR.

(Thistense
the

TUTURE

is formed

past definite

with
of

(This

the

the

auxiliary.)
[I had had)

tense

of

the

with
auid-

Hary.)
shall
(/"
J'anrai

tu eus_eu

tu

il or

il

elle eut_ea

elle

or

aura

v()us_eiites"eu

vous_aurez_eu

ils

ils

CONDITIONAL

is formed

had)

auras_eu

nous_aurons_eu

elles^eurent^eu

have

eu

nous_eumes"eu

(This tense

is formed

future

J'eus^eu

or

ANTERIon.

or

en

elles^auront^eu

ANTERIOR.

with

the

present conditional

of the

auxiliary.)

(fshould
J'aurais^eu
tu aurais^eu
il or elle aurait^eu

have

nous^aurions^eu
vous_auriez_eu
ils

"

Exercise

Write

out

of

had)

or

elles^auraient^eu

19.

all the

compound tenses
avoirf and
explain how

of the indicativ

they

are

formed,

LESSON
THE

AUXXX.ZARV

VEXIB

(Cozapound

XX.
"AVOIR,"

to have.

Tenses.)

participle
past,one of the primary tenses
(seeLesson XVI.), helpsto form, with an auxiliary
verb, all the compound tenses.
The

Autrefois,/ormerZy
beaucoup de, onany
prix {m.),prize
temps {m.),tiirie
voiture (/.),
carriage

chagrin (m.),sorrow
bonheur

(m,),happiness
6cole (/.),
school
(m.),courage
courage

27
Model

J'ai

1.

des

et

frere

mon

voiture.

une

le

du

riez^eu

et

une

I should

had

some

du

have

You

have

some

chagrins.
Vous^au-

8.

20.

time

have

4.

have

had

the

at

would

They

had

had

some

had

had

Lewis

will

She

6.

will

have

had

some

We

had

The

Bedroom.

8.

we

formerly.

paper.

school.

if

have

sorrows

7.

riage.
car-

books

many

happiness.

some

prize

They

had

if I

had
3.

money.

will
had

had

des

bonlieur,

had

would

We

courage.

6.

nous"avions_eu

courage.

2.

had

si

temps

Exercise

1.

de

Elles^auront^eu

6.

Nous"eumes_ea

7.

papier efc
I'argent. 3. Ma
4. Mon
plume.
des
prix^a I'ecole.

aiiront_eu

aurions^eu

Nous

6.

I'encre

de

eu

Boeur^aura

du

auraient"eu

s'ils_avaienfc"eu

plumes

cousin

Georges

et

livres.

de

beaucoup

autrefois

eu

Cliarles

2.

Szercise*

patience.
CONVERSATION.
Chambrr

La

C.

Tu

Coucheb.

crois

je les^ai

que

You

them

caches.
G.

.T'en suis

C.

Tu

G.

Je

C.

Tiens,

G.

Je

C.

II

G.

as

sfir.

right.

are

vu.

saw

you.

les voici.

Take

them

D'y a pas
Maintenant,
et

de

quoi.

voici
tes

ton

brosses.

; here

Don't

you.
mention

Now,

liere

and

hidden

have

of it.

sure

Thark

te remercie..

peigne

am

You

raison.

t'ai

think

your

they

are.

it.
are

your

brushes.

comb

28
LESSON
THB

AUXII.1ARY

XXI.
"

V"IIB

to have,

AVOIB,"

Tenses.)

(Coxupound

SUBJUNCTIVE.
PLUPERFECT.

PERFECT.

(Tliigtense
the

is formed

the

1 may

have

(That
Que j'aieeu

imperfect subjunctive

of the

auxiliary.)

(That

had)

auxihary.)
I

had)

have
tni'jht

Que j'eusseeu

aies_eu
or
qu'il qu'elleait_eu

que

que

nous_ayons_eu

que

nous_eussions_eu

que

vous"ayez_eu

que

vous

que

with

is formed

(This tense

subjunctive

present

of the

with

tu

tu

eusses

eu

qu'ilor qu'elleeut_eu
eussiez^eu

qu'ilsor qu'elles^eussent^ea

qu'ilsor qu'elles^aient^eu

INFINITIVE.
PERFECT.

(This tense

is formed

with

infinitive present of

the

the

auxiliary.)
Avoir _eu

had

to have

INTEEROGATIVELY.
INDICATIVE

Ai-je eu

INDICATIVE

PERFECT.

Eus-je

etc.

3rd

a-t^iLeu ?
INDICATIVE

person

INDICATIVE

etc.

ANTERIOR.

etc.
FUTURE

Aurai-je eu?

PLUPERFECT.

Avais-je eu?

eu

PAST

CONDITIONAL

Aurais-jeeu

ANTERIOR.

etc.
ANTERIOR.

etc.

NEGATIVELY.
INDICATIVE

PERFECT.

Je n'ai pas_eu,
INDICATIVE

Je n'avais

etc.
PLUPERFECT.

pas^eu,

etc.

INDICATIVE

PAST

ANTERIOR.

Je n'eus

pas^eu,

etc.

CONDITIONAL

Je n'aurais

ANTERIOR.

pas^eu,

SUBJUNCTIVE

Que je n'aie

etc.

PERFECT.

pas^eu,

SUBJUNCTIVE

Que je u'eusse

etc.

PLUPERFECT.

pas^eu,

etc

29

n'aurai

Je

N'avoir

etc.

pas^eu,

N'aurais-jepas^eu?

21.

Exercise

of

avoir

explainhow

tive
compound tenses of the subjuncand
negativelyand interrogatively,
they are formed.

the

XXII.

LESSON

List

VERB

AV3CZX.ZART

THE

of

the

etc.

N'eus-je pas^eu

out

etc.

ANTERIOB.

PAST

INDICATIVE

"Write

? etc.
ANTERIOB,

CONDITIONAL

? etc.

N'avais-jepas^eu

ANTERIOB.

N'aurai-jepas_eu

? etc.
PLUPERFECT.

INDICATIVE

etc.

FUTUEE

INDICATIVE

PERFECT.

N'ai-jepas_eu

pas^eu,

NEGATIVELY.

AND

INTEREOGATIVELY
INDICATIVE

PEBFECT.

INFINITIVE

ANTEEIOB.

FUTTJBE

INDICATIVE

to have,

"AVOIR,"

(Compound

Tenses.)

Compound

Tenses.

Indicative ;

"

perfect,pluperfect,
past anterior,future anterior ;
conditional anterior ; subjunctive
perfectand pluperfect
perfect.
; infinitive
The

rewojrd.
(/.,)

(m.),tea
cafe (m.),coffse
(m.),im'position
pensum

recompense

tous, all

rain
pluie (/.),

punition (/.),'punishment
merci, thank you

vent

du cafe.

temps, yine weather

mauvais
temps, had weather

(m.),wind

indulgent, Idnd

Model

1. Avez-vous^eu

beau

Exercise.

du the ?

2.

Kon, merci, j'aieu

?
n'avaitcil pas_eu des pensums
nous^aurions
tous^eu
une
punition

3. Louis

4.

Non, mais

si

nous

6.

Que

n'avions

pas^eu

un

vous.,eussiez_eu des

maitre

indulgent.

prix_et des

recom-

30
6. Qu'ils_aient"eubeau temps.
7. Onti
penses.
ils eu mauvais
temps ? 8. Oui, ils^ont.eu de la

pluie et

du

vent.
22.

Exercise

1. We

had

have

coffee.

some

reward

all had

3. Yes

bad

7. Yes

will have

They

8.

had

6. Had

had

; we

had

some

wind.

you

had

not

we

That

4.

5. That

master.

fine weather.

had

prizes.

three

kind

they have

Charles

not

had

; he

had

weather

Had

2.

they may have

might have had

tea, and

some

rain*

some

CONVEBSATION.
La
C,

Chambre

Coucher.

Habillons-nous

The

vite.

Let

us

Oai, depechons-nous.
C. Je suis pret.

Yes;

G.

Et

And

so

C.

Tu

You

are

G.

C'est vrai.

C.

On

G.

moi

aussi.

plus vif qiie moi.

es

Sonne

Nous

le

pour

ne

let

us

quickly.
make

baste,

ready.

am

I.

am

1,

quicker than

It is true.
de-

They

jeuner.
G.

Bedroom.

dress

ringing

are

for break-

fast.
sommes

We

pas_en

are

not

late.

retard.

XXIII.

LESSON
TK"

AXrXXX.ZAR7

''

VERB

(Compound
The

with

verb
the

6tre,

help of

to

the

ETRE,"

he.

to

Tenses.)

be,forms

its

tenses

compound

auxiliaryverb avoir,

to

have,

INDICATIVE.
PERFECT.

(This tense

is formed

with

the

present indicative

auxiliary.)
(I have been)
J'ai 6t6
tu

il

as^6t"
or

eile

6t6

nou8_avons_6t6
vous_avez^6te
ils or elles^ont_6t6

of

the

82
nsodel

6i^ souvent^ii, Paris

Pai

t.
2. CI

.ies

Exercise.

^te

aurions^ete
k

avait^ete

son

pere

ete

seuls^a

avec

Londres.

Berlin.

5.

4.

Ma

p^re.

mon

France

longtemps^en

8. Nous

parents.

aveo

sea

sans

Georges si
Nous^eumes^
ete

soeur^aura

uno

6. Elles^
fois_en Espagne.
fois^en Italie,deux
auraient^ete seules^a la ville. 7. Vous^avez^ete
en

retard

deux.

tous

24.

Sxercise

and

1. Lewis
Both

will

brother

my
have

been

have

been

late.

Spain twice with

have been to Italy with my
3. I should
Charles.
if my
father had been
to Paris.
4
mother
They
in France.
alone
had been a long time
5. We
shall have been without
our
parents. 6. You had

2.

been

there.

often

7. I

to

have

been

to

once

the

town.
CONVEESATION.
La

Salle
G.

C. "

Bon

Manger.

jour,

papa

The
et

Good

maman.

Les

Dining-boom.

morning,

papa

morning,

my

and

mama.

BoDJour,ines^

Parents.

Good

children*

eniants.

Asseyez-vous^et
dejeunez.

Le

Pkre.

La

Mkre.

C.

Un

La

M.

G.

Une

Le

p.

What

Que veux-tu,

Charles

Sit down

breakfast.

and

willyouhave,Charles?

ceuf, s'il vous

plait.
Et toi,Georges ?

cotelette,je vous

An

if you

please.
And
you, George ?
A chop, if you please.
egg,

prie.
Tu

as

bon_app6tit

matin.
Q,

Oui, j'aigrand'faim.

ce

You

have

this

Yes,

good appetite

morning.
am

very

hungry.

83
XXV.

LESSON
TBS

VERB

AirXXXiZ^RV

to U

''STRE

Tenses.)

(Compound

SUBJUNCTIVE.
PLUPERFECT.

PERFECT.

(Thistense
the

is formed

with

(This
the

present subjunctiveof

auxiliary.)
{That I'may have been)

Que j'eusse6t6

aies_et6

tu

que

et6

eusses

qu'ilor qu'ellee"it_6t6

qu'ilor qu'elleait_6t6
que nous_ayons_et6
que

imperfect subjunctive

auxiliary.)
[That I might have been)

Que j'aie6t6
tu

with

of the

the

que

is formed

tense

nous"eussions_et6
que vous_eussiez^6te
que

vous_ayez_ete

or qu'eUes_eussent_6t6
qu'ils

qu'ilsor qu'elles_aient_6t6

INFINITIVE.
PERFECT.

(This tense

is formed

with

the

infinitive

present

of the

auxiliary.)
{To have been)
Avoir"6te
INTERROGATIVELY.
PERFECT.

INDICATIVE

INDICATIVE

Eus-je et6,

Ai-jeete, etc.

ANTBRIOB.

PAST

etc.

a-tc.ilete, etc.
INDICATIVE

Avais-je6t6,

PLUPERFECT.

INDICATIVE

etc.

Aurai-je 6t6, etc.

CONDITIONAL

ANTKRIOR.

FUTURE

ANTERIOR.

Aurais-je6t6,

etc.

NEGATIVELY.
INDICATIVE

CONDITIONAL

PERFECT.

Je n'ai pa8_6t6, etc.

Je n'aurais
D

ANTERIOB,

pas_6t6, etc*

84
TKDlCATlVE

PLUPERFECT.

Je n' avals pas_6t6,etc.

INDICATIVE

Je n'eus

PAST

etc.
Que je n'aie pas^fit*^,

ANTERIOR.

FUTURE

PLUPERFECT.

SUBJUNCTIVE

pas^6t6, etc.

INDICATIVE

PERrECT.

SUBJUNCTIVE

Que je n'eusse
RIOR,
ANTEINFINITIVE

Je

N'avoir

n'auraipas_6t6,etc.
INTEEROGATIVELY

AND

NEGATIVELY.

PERFECT.

FUTUK*

ANTERIOR,

N'ai-jepas_6te,etc.
INDICATIVE

PERFECT

pas^etfi,etc.

INDICATIVE
INDICATIVE

pas.ete,etc.

N'aurai-jepas_6te, etc.
CONDITIONAL

PLUPERFECT.

N'avais-je
pas_gt6, etc.
INDICATIVE

ANTERI("".

N'aurais-je
pas"et6, etc.
PAST

ANTERIOR.

N'eus- je pas_6t6, etc.

25.

XSxercise

Write

out the

of 6tre

explainhow

compound tenses of the subjunctive

and
negatively and interrogatively,
they are formed.

LESSON
THE

,a.VXZI.ZAIt7

XXVI.

had ?

the

euphonic

ETXIE,"

to "".

Tenses.)

(Compound
Kemark

"

VERB

in

a-t^il euf

has

a-tz,ilete f has he been.

L'et6 dernier, last

yet
encore,

summer

village(m,),village

Belf^ique,
Belgium

matin, this morniTig

pret,ready
prudent, prudent

atn6, oldest

timide, timid

I'hiver dernier, last winter

ce

he

85

XVIodel

1. Ave%-voas_ete

jo

Bi

nous"avions_ete

7.

village

au

Paris.

4.

ILa

matin

moins

aient"ete

have

timid.

been

has

he

been

he

Has

been

to

the

morning

to

the

4.

No,

That

village

7. Had
8.

Yes,

have

not

may
to Berlin

Berlin.

to

That

3.

he

last
would

they

winter.

been

not

Belgium

to

2.

last

ready,

yet been

not

brother
this

5.

been

been

Belgium

to

have

might

prets.
8. Qu'ils

26.

have

not

had

we

been

village

J'aurais^

6.

avec

timides.

they
if

summer

a-t^il

au

plus prudeuts.

Esercise

1. Would

pas^ete

si vous_aviez_ete

vous^eussiez^ete

Que

Non,

Belgique

en

Charles

avec

ce

ete

2,

Oii Louis

3.

N'aurais-tu

5.

S(Eur"ainee.

ete

I'ete dernier

ete

pas^encore
riiiver
dernier

sa

Paris

n'ai

ete

Exercise.

No,

6.

eldest
my
he had
been

village.

CONVERSATION.
Satj.e

La

M.

Que

veux-tu

G.

Du

the,

s'il

toi

Et

The

Man'ger.

La

vous

What

plait.

Some

boire

aussi, Charles

La

M.

C.

Non,merci,3'aimemieux
le

liA M.

No,

will you

p.

est

to

drink?

please.
tea, if you
?
too, Charles
you
thank

you

garde

de

te

Mind

you

do

bruler.

Lb

have

prefer

coffee.

caf6.
Prends

And

Dining-room.

tres-chaud.

It is very

hot.

not

burn

self.
your-

PABT.

SECOND

LESSON

XXVII.

ZTfTSHROCiLTZOir

ask

To

1.

the

after

noun

^NH

question

in

verb

simple

in

auxiliary in compound
speak ? avez-vons
you
With

2.

verb

ending

in

and

pronoun

the

With

3.

in

mute,

avoid

to

two

N.B.

put

j^arlez-vons ? do
have
spoken ?
you

between

did

singular

person

he

first person
acute

an

the

speak

speak

verb

singular

accent

ing
end-

the

on

syllables coming

mute

do

parl6-je ?

insert

proafter the

tenses,

third

the

in the

jDut the

parle

parla-t-il

verb

French

tenses

in

vowel,

IfSGATXOTT.

together:

If the

subject of the verb is a noun,

put
that noun
the
follow
rules given above
first,and
fr^re
notwithstanding : votre
parla-t-il / (your
brother
spoke he ?) did your brother
speak ?
"

Questions
ce

[is

que

changed
he speak
brother
The
pas

the
ne

can

it

in the
?

sentence

est-ce

speak

ne

que

asked

which

est-ce

by using estcase
nothing

is

qu'z7 parla / did

votrefrere parla

did

your

negative
;

be

always
that), in

comes

subj ect ; pas

parle pas,

is

composed

before
after
il n'"

of two

w^ords

ne

and

the

verb, immediately after

the verb
or
auxiliary : U

pas

parU

if the

pronoun

37

changes its place,the ne

?
parle-t-il
pas
After the negative,de
of

de

de

1', du,

pas

follow

not
.

is

la, des

books; je n'ai

some

does

de

it :

ne

generally'usedinstead
I have
fai dea livres,
I have
livres,

not

any

books.

The

N.B."

lated
English do, does, did are not transinto French
he speak,
; do
you speak,does
? parle-t-il
?
: parlez-vous
etc.,would be in French
I speak, etc., would
did
be:
parlais-je?or
parlai-je?
Le

canif

the

penknife

parle,spoken
donu6-je ? do

parle-je?
la

1. Avez-vous

il n'a
votre
6.

Exercise.

un

donne

n'ai

pas

canif

un

de canif

donne

frere ?

mon
a

votre frere.

4.
pere a-t-il des eleves aujourd'hui?
pas d'eleves aujourd'hui. 5. Est-ce

cousin

Donne-je

7. Tu
a

je

plume d'oie,ihe quill

veision, tlie translation.

XVIodel

3. Ton

speak ?

niece, niece
I give ?
la

2., Non,

do I

ne

ete le

mon

donnes

pensum

premier

theme
pas

ou

thou

sa

classe ?

version

ta version.

au

que

Oui.

maitre?

8. Est-ce

qu'il

Non.
Exercise

1. Hast

ma

de

Non,

27.

spoken to my teacher ? 2. No ;
I have not spoken to thy teacher.
8. Has
he
quillsto the pupil ?
given a penknife and some
has
not
4. He
given any quillsto the pupils.
I speak to the daughter or to the niece ?
5. Do
do not speak to the daughter, but to the
G. You
niece.
7. Is he at homo
{chez lui)? 8. No ; he
is not at
home.
9. Did
they speak ? 10. No ;
they did not speak.

38
XXVIII.

LESSON

The

is that

stem

change

; the

to

''BOHTXir-ES,"

COlO-JirGATZOlir

FIRST

THE

part of the

which

word

does

part of the word

donn-er, to give ; je

changes. Example :
donn-e, I give ; je donn-a.is, I
:

(For

-e,

-er,

-als,

list of

the

not

is that

termination

which

stem

give.

is the

Bonn
gave.
the terminations.

are

primary
Lesson

primitivetenses,se"

or

XVI.)
Tenses.

Simple

INFINITIVE.
PARTICIPLE

PEESENT.

the future

forms

(Thistense

indicative and

the

PRESENT.

forms

(Thistense

of the present
the whole of the

present

conditional.)

the

plural
indicative,
imperfect

and of the
indicative,
subjunctive.

donn-er,

donn-ant, giving

give

to

sent
pre-

PAST.

PARTICIPLE

(This tense

forms

all the

tenses.)

compound

donn-e, given
INDICATIVE.
IMPERFECT.

PBESENT.

(Thistense

forms

the second

singular,the first
person
second
the
and
person

the

pluralof the imperative.)

etc.)

(rgive,I

am

giving)

is formed

(Thistense

present participleby

changing

(Jgave,

Je donn-e

Je donn-ais

tu donn-es

tn donn-als

il donn-e

il doun-ait

ant

give)

nous

donn-ons

nous

donn-lons

vous

donn-ez

vous

donn-iex

ils donn-aient

into

giving,I

was

to

ils doun-ent

from

ais,
used

40
Exercise.

XKEodel

Le

1.

parlait

L'eleve

2.

Le

4.

pensums.
theme

le

facile

version.

dechirerai

5.

le

He

2.

The

tore

lis

corrigerent
theme
corrige.

were

pupils will
neglect the easy exercise, you
you
would
master
5.
My
imposition.
corrected
6. They
translation.

ma

will

have

tear

an

my

up

translation

the

exercise.

the

and

un

neglected translations.
to the class.
giving lessons
4. II
speak to the masters.

The

3.

donna

the

up

masters

des

29.

Exercise

1.

negli-

nous

Charles

de

l%\p.ve,

donnerait

nous

eleves.

Je

6.

Si

3.

maitre

maitre

aux

lei;on

une

maitre.

au

version,

la

gions

donne

maitre

CONVERSATION.
Salle

La

le

Passe

La

M.

Le

pere.
Passe-moi
p.

La

M.

The

Manger.

sel

beurre

le

ta

Donne-moi

ton

tasse,

Dining-room.

Pass

the

salt

Pass

me

the

Give

me

your

to

your

father.

also.

butter

Charles,

cup,

Charles.
G.

Merci,

C.

Je

je n'ai plus soif.

Thank

you,

no

am

longer

thirsty.
bieu

voudrais

une

tite
pe-

should" like

tea-spoon.

cuiller.
voilA

G.

En

C.

Oudonc?

G.

Pre?

une.

There
Where

de

ta

soucoupe.

Keur

is

one.

(then) ?
your

saucer.

41
LESSON
CON-JTTGATIOIT

FIRST

THE

XXX.

(Simple

Tenses

(For the primary

XVI.)

to

"DOCTW-ER,"

continued.)

"

primitiveteuses

or

give.

see

son
Les-

CONDITIONAL.
PRESENT.

is formed

(This tense

the

from

present infinitive by adding

to it ais,

(I

"c.)

should

give)

Je donn-er-ai"

nous

donn-er-lon"

tu donn-er-als

voiis

donu-er-lez

il donn-er-alt

ils donn-er-aient
IMPERATIVE.
PRESENT.

is formed

tense

from

the

present indicative by dropping

for tie
second
the pronouns
singular and
person
the first and second
plural. The third persons
persons
from the present subjunctive.)
borrowed
are

(This

(Give [i/iou])
.

"

"

"

donn-ons

"

Dnnn-e

donn-ez

qu'ildonn-e

qu'ilsdonn-ent

an

The

second

has
singular never
person
in the imperativeof the first conjugation.

N.B.

"

SUBJUNCTIVE.
PRESENT.

(This tense

is formed

from

ing

the

ant

{That I
Que je donn-e
que

tu

donn-e"

qu'ii donn-e

participlepresent by chang.
into e, "c.)
mo.y

give)

que
que

nous

donn-lona

vous

donu-le"

qu'ilsdonn-cnt

42
IMPEKFECT.
from

is formed

(Thistense

to the second

adding

the

past definite indicatiye by

singularse, "c.)
person

{That T might give)

donn-assion"
donn-assiez
que vous
qu'ilsdonn-assent

Que Je donn-asse

que

tu donn-asses

que

qu'ildonn-at
Note

always

that the third person

ends in t.

nous

singularof

this tense

INTEEEOGATIVELY.
Donne-je,

etc.

donne-t-il

(thirdperson)

donnal-je,etc.
donnerai-je,etc.
donnerals-je,etc.

donnal"-je,etc.

NEGATIVELY.
Je

ne

pas. etc.

donne
donnais

je ne

donnerais

pas, etc.

donnai

pas, etc.

donnerai

donnant

ne

etc

pas, etc.

pas, etc.
AND

INTERROGATIVELY
Ne

pas, etc.
donne
pas. etc.

qu'ilne
que je nedonnassepas,

pas, etc.

je ne
je ne
je ne

donne

ne

donne-je-pas, etc.

ne

il pas, etc.

ne

donne-t

ne

donnals-je pas,

ne

etc.

ne

Exercise

Conjugate as

above

FIRST

donnal-je pas, etc.

donneral-je pa", etc.
donnerais-je pas, eto.
30.

chant-er,to sing.
XXXI.

LESSON
THE

NEGATIVELY.

COXJXTGATIOir.

(Simple Tenses.)
Eemark

that the

imperativepresent
doim-Q
an

acute

accent

second
has

that the

no
e

person singularof the

in the first conjugas
tion,

of the termination

in the firstperson

takes

indicasingular

43
and
that
donn-6jef
interrogatively,
singular takes a euphonic t :
person

tive, used
the

third
?

donne-t-il
he

difficile

professeur, the teacher

la traduction, f^e translation

le

devoir, the task

la

faute, the mistalce

noun),

[after the

difficult
le morceau,
the piece
the holiday
le conge,

reciter, to recite,to say

Exercise.

XVIodel

1. Ton

donne-t-il

professeurne

difficiles ?

facilcs.

versions

traduction.

des

themes

Corrige les
donne-je pas

fautes

Non, il donne

2.

3.

Ne

4.

des devoirs

pas

un

dcs

et

de

ma

de

morceau

donnes
5. Non, tu ne
papier a Charles.
pas de
de papier. 6. Qu'il ecoutat
la le9ondu
morceau
donnerait-il
professeur. 7. Le professeurnous
recitions la le9onsans
8. Qui, si nous
un
conge ?

fautes.
Exercise

1. The
and

Lewis

2. The
8.

would

master

teacher

Give

correct

would

if Charles
give a holidaj^
lessons

the exercises

6. That
teacher.

7. That
we

and

might

Does

exercises
the

mistakes.

difficult task.

4.

say

he may
not

may

without

give

not

translations.
easy
the mistakes
of the

he corrects

8. That

their

said

31.

piece of
lesson

my

speak

to

his

he

not

5.

Yes,

tion.
translato

the

brother,

tear the paper,

CONVERSA.TION.
La

Sali.r

ItlAXGEE.

C. Merci, je I'ai trouvee.

G.

J'ai fini de

C.

Et

La

M.

moi

dejeuner.

aussi.

Emportez

The

Thank

you,

done

I have

So have

quelque

Take

DiNiNG-Roojr.
I have
my

breakfast.

I.

something

to eat.

chose

C. Oui,

h manger.
pour notre

gouter.

Yes, for

found

our

lunch.

it.

44

LESSON
THE

FIRST

XXXII.

(Compound
The

give,

Tenses.)

of donn-er

auxiliaryverb

to

"DOIffW-ER,"

CON-JUGATXOXr

is avoir.

The

donn-6
helps to form with
past participle
the auxiliary
verb all the compound tenses.
INDICATIVE.
PERFECT.

(This

PLUPERFECT.

with

is formed

tense

of

present indicative

the
the

the

of the

auxihary.)

il

J'avais

donn6
donne

avez

vous

Us

nous

avions

vous

aviez

with

is formed

(This tense

donno
donne
donne

FUTURE

ANTERIOR.

PAST

past definite

the

donne

ils avaient

donne

ont

donne

il avait donne

avons

nous

avais

tu

donne
donne

auxihary.)

{I had given)

J'ai donne
as

with

imperfect indicative

{I /tare given)
tu

is formed

(This tense

of

ANTERIOR.

is formed

(This tense
the

the

future

the

of

with
liary.)
auxi-

auxihary.)
(I had
J' ens
tu

(f shall

given)
tu

donne

il

donne

il eut

donn"

nous

eumes

vous

eutes

ils eurent

donne

tense

donne

auras

donne

aura

nous

aurons

vous

aurez

ils aui'ont

donne
CONniTIONAL

(This

given)

J'aurai donne

donne

eus

have

is formed

with

donnfc
donne
donne

ANTERIOR.

the

present conditional

auxiliary.)
J'aurais
tu

aurais

donne
donno

ii aurctit donne

nous

aurions

vous

auriez

ils auraient

donno
donne

donne

of the

45
32.

Exercise

Give the
icout-er.

compound

to listen to.

LESSON
FIRST

THE

XXXIII.
CONJUGATZOZr.

(Compound

Tenses.)
Targent (m.),money

to study
6tiidi-er,

la

grammaire,

Is

the

le pauvre,

grammar

better

mieux,

indicative of

of the

tenses

parish
paroisse,

1. J'ai etiidie ma

to admire

le heros

(h asp.), hero

I'hgroine

land, when
f jcher, to ^sTi
1 hameQon
(m.,hmute), hooTc
q

XVIodel

h muie),heroins
(/.,
this
{yn. sing.),

cq

le conte, tale

Exercise.

2. II am*ait mieux

grammaire.

sa

I'lieroine de

avait

le

temps. 3. Nous
versions
aurez
fturons
quand vous
4. J'avais peche avecrhame9on
le devoir.
donne
de I'argentaux
de Louis.
5. J'eus donne
pauvres
le heros
et
de la paroisse, 6. lis ont admire
recite

le9on s'il
corrige les

poor

admirer,

eu

conte.

ce

Exercise

they

have

They would

1.

had

had

to-day.

3.

to the

poor

of

the

hook
and
here

to

George.

the heroine

He

has

said

They will have

parish. 4. He
5.

We

6.

his

if

lesson

given money
had given the

admired

had

of this tale.

yesterday.

their grammar

studied
2.

time.

better

33.

They

the
have

hero

fished

46
CONVEKSATION.
Salle

La
G.

Emportons

C.

Avec

La

Manger.

du

The
Let

pain.

de la confiture.

M.

Cela

Le

p.

jam.

some

bad

You

des

take

better

sandwicbes.

sandwichs.
G.

us

"With

plutOt

Emportez

Dining-room.
take some
bread

mieux.

vaudra
Avez-vous

tous

vos

Tbat

will be better.

Have

you

all youi* books

livres ?
C.

Qui,

les

nous

Yes,

tous.

avons

Paitez-vite, il est
temps.
C. " G. Adieu, a, ce soir.

Le

Start

p.

have

we

them

quick, it

Good-bye,

all.

is time.

shall

we

see

you

this evenin".

LESSON

XXXIV.
COM-JTrCATZOia-.

FIRST

THE

SOlBrzir-ER,

to

give. Compound

Tenses.

"

SUBJUNCTIVE.
pluperfect.

PERFEI.T.

tense

(This
the
the

is formed

present

with

(This teuse

subjunctiveof

the

I may

(That

have

tu

nous

tu

que

given.)

que

ayons

que

donnfi

eusses

qu'ileM

donu6

donnfi
donn6
ayez
que vons
donn6
aieut
qu'ils
que

have

Que j'eussedonn6

aies donn6

qu'ilait

auxiliaiy).

[That I might

given.)

Que j'aiedonn^
que

imperfect subjunctive

of the

auxiliary.)

with

is formed

donn6

nous

eussions

vous

eussiez

qu'ilseusseut

donnS
donn6

donue

INFINITIVE.
perfect.

(This tense

is formed

with

the

infinitive

auxiliary.)

(To have given.)

Avon-

donn6

present

of

th"

48

LESSON

XXXV.

FIRST

THE

coir

JUG

Tenses.)

(Compound

la tasse, the cup

le lait,the milk

Vers-er, to pour
spill
^^^^^

f to

j^^

er,

renvers

j^ couteau, the knife

les ciseaux, the scissors

to cut

coup-er,

the
la soucoupe,
la porte, the door

to prepare
to deceive

prepnr-er,

tromp-er,

laiss-er,to leave
cette

ferm-er,

Model

et
vous

coupe
ciseaux ?

lait dans

du

j'airenverse
le

papio-

4.

Nous

to shut

Exercise.

dii the dans

verse

saucer

(/.),
open

ouverte

this
(/.),

1. As-tu

ATZOXr.

avec

2.

cette tasse?

3. Aviez-

la soucoupe.
couteau

uu

ou

dechire

avons

Oui,
des

avec

le

papier.
Que vous

6.
Qu'ilsaieiit prepare la version.
n'eussiez pas trompe le maitre.
7. Est-ce que tu
8. Nou, j'ailaisse la porte
la porte ?
ferme
as
6.

ouverte.
Exercise

1.

had

Had

left tlie door

you not
the door.

shut

deceived

3.

exercises.

siiould

not

have

cut

(). Has

he

torn

the

torn

the

this

saucer.

into the

That

teachers.

their

prepared his

35.

book

8.

glass.

but
I

4.
5.

the

paper

shall

may

That

he

has
have

with

2. No,

they
If I had

book?
he

open

not

might

had

the

some

have
have

knife I
scissors.

7. No, he has
upset this cup

poured

we

not

and

milk

49
C0NVERSATI02T.
Dans

C. Prenons

In

Rue.

la

chemin

un

Let

plus

StrkeT.

the

take

us

shorter

way,

court.
go that

G.

Oui, passons

Yes, let

C.

Cola

It will shorten

G.

De

C.
G.

Je ne m'y reconnais
Nous
nous
sommes

par la.
raccourcira.

nous

By

je crois.

beaucoup,

plus.

us

way.

our

way.
thiuk.

good deal, I

longer

know

We

have

way.
lost ourselves.

We

must

get information.

Ask

this

no

uiy

egares.

C. II faut

renseigner.

nous

G.

DemandeJice

C.

Oui, il

monsieur.
I'air

Yes,

il

comma

geutleman.

he looks

geutlemanlj.

faut.

LESSON
THE

DZrZZ"-ITZ:

XXXVI.

ARTZCX."

THS

"WITH

POSSSSSIVS

CiiSfi.

(SeeLessons
Instead
some

or

of

by

any

1. If there
de

ce

boils

d'

or
a

and

la, de

V.)

negative preceding:

no

translate

1', des,

"

il n'a

pan

books.

comes
adjective

an

he has
livres,

some

before

the

good

books.

noun

il

Charles' book

is in French

This

Charles's,or belongsto Charles

book

llvre est

master
This

book

This

cux

is

he has
livres,
2. If

de

de

IV.

de

du,

AKD

"DD,"

ce

book

is

le livre de Charles.
:

Charles.
is the
livre est

master's, or
ou

belongs

to

tho

livre

est

belongs

maitre.

to the masters.:

mat ties.
G

ce

60
Le pain,the bread
pour, for

aussi,also
beau, fine

iaon,
good

le cerceau,
Sxerclse.

Model

6.

Louis.

balles

Ces

6.

clles sont

eu

avons

nous

sont-elles

8. Ce

maitre.

au

enfants

aux

Exercise

had

fine

fine paper
belongs to the

and

good books

had

book

child.

George's. 5. He had
6. My brother's pens

livres ?

papier.
7. Non,
I'enfant.

36.

tlieynot

1. Have

have

est

cerceau

est

conteau

ce

pas eu de bons
aussi de beau

4. N'avez-vous

Oui, et

pain. 2. Ce

le

1. II n'a pas do couteaii pour couper

esfc-ila Charles ?
3. Non,
eouteau
a

hoop

the

no

are

2.

paper?
?

This

3.

balls

These

4.

They
are

scissors to cut the paper.

here.
cousin's
7. The

is there.

(/.)money

CONVERSATION.
Dans

la

Eue.

G.

Pardon, Monsieur

Le

Monsieub.
vous,

G.

In

cher

voulez-

eufant

Voudriez-vous

your pardon, Sir ?

What
do you want, my
dear
child ?
I

Que

avoir

bUgeance de nous
diquer le chemin

Steeet.

the

Toin-

beg

Would
ness

you

to

have
show
us

the

kind-

the

way

to the school ?

du

lycee?
LESSON
FORMATZOSr

XXXVIL
OF

FEIVSIXIirZIffE

(SeeLesson
K

mute,

the
and

to form

masculine

put
the

grave

noun

UrOTrNTS.

VI.)
ends

accent

on

in

er,

the

add

an

before the

correspondingfeminine noun
: I'icoHer, the school- bo\{;
; lecolibre,the school-girl.

61
If the masculine
into

euse

une

voyageur^

un

in eur,

ends

noun

change

eur

voijar/evi"e,

traveller.
:
Principalexceptions
"

Fem.

Masc.

negro,

negre

ncijresse

tiger,
prophet,
host,
sinner,
hunter,

tigre
prophets

tigresse
prophetcsse

hate

hotesse

pecheur

pe'chercsse

chasseur

chasseresse

actor,

acteiir

actrice

ambassador,

amhassadeur

amhassadrice

is
to chanteur
correspondingfeminine noun
chantevi"Q
singer.
; cantatrice (/.)is a professional
The

pech-er, to fish

Tu-er, to kill
entendu, heard
ouvrier, workman
to work
travaill-er,
pecbeur,fisherman
'

1. II

tue

cantatrice.

une

3.

4. L'ouvriere

du

poisson.

demand-er, to ask for

pardon, pardon
le

Exercise.

Model

une
tigresse. 2. J'ai entendu
la porte.
La
portiere a ferme
travaille ici. 5. La
pecheuse a

6. La

pecheressea
Exercise

1. The

have

workmen

killed

would

not

poisson,the fish

had

demande

37.

not worked

tiger andatigicos.

have

shut

pardon.
They

here.

2.

3. The

portress

the door.

meaning of and the feminine nouns

correspondingto : prophete,pecheur,jwcheur,negre,
hate,acteur, chanteur,nageur, chasseur,berger.
Give

the

62
CONVERSATION.
Dans
Le

Rue.

la

Monsieur.
tiers.

C.

In

Tres-volonPrenez

Ja

The

Street.

the

Gentleman.

Hngly

; take

tnigre rue a droite,puis

la troisieme
a
ganche,

inj?on

the

et

vous

will

en

face de

vous.

et G.

Nous

vous

cions

pre-

le

verrez

tliird on

lycee

remer-

right, then
left,and

the school

you

very

we

have

the
you

opposite

much,

sir.

bien. Monsieur.

C. Enfin,
G.-Et
nous

y voila

nous
ne

sommes

last

At

And

pas

we

are

got there I

not

late.

retard.

en

LESSON
THE

XXXVIII.

PZ.1TRAX.

ZU

M-OUSTS.

(See LESSON
If the

ends

noun

it will not

change

the
lefils,
la

If the

in the

singularin
plural:

noun

bateaux, the

les

in

or

x,

z,

the sons
lesfila,
Irs mix, the voices

nose

ends

s,

"

son

the

to form

in the

III.)

voix, the voice

le nez,

add

wil-

the first tarn-

the

see

you.
Thank

Very

the

nez,

the

noses

singularin

au

or

eu,

the

plural: le batceLu, the hoat ; lei

boats ; le jeu, the game
; les jeux,

the games.

The
an

seven

in the

followingnouns,
plural :

ending

"

bijou, the jewel

le caiUou, the pebble
le chou, the cabbage

lis

le f/enou, the knee

U hibou, the owl

les

le

bijoux

les caiUou-x
les choux
(jenoux

les hiboux

in ou,

take

53
the toy
lejoujovL,
the louse

le po\x,

The

other

rule, and

les joujoux

ending in

nouns

take

les j^oux

an

the nails ; le verrou,

follow the

ou

Zi? clou, the

general

nail ; les cluu"y

the bolt ; les

verrous.

bien, ivell
le lis,Wy

Achet-er, to buy
le cbemin, the road
la bottine, the boot
le chateau, the castle
maguiiique, magnificent

la noix, nut
in
pluriel,

au

to

chang-er,

the

plural

change

to grow

pouss-er,

Exercise.

Model

1. La

marquise

achete

des

3. Ces

coupent les bottines.

cailloux

de

chateaux

magnifiques. 4. Ces jeux ne

dangereux. 6. Les choux poussent bien
Le lis,la noix, le nez
ne
changent pas au

ce

chemin

Los

2.

bijoux.

etaient

sont

pas

ici.

6.

pluriel. 7. La porte n'a pas de

lant

n'a

de

pas

joujoux.
Sxercise

1. The

jewels of
2. Here

8. There

the

33.

marchioness

three

are

boats.

the

are

8. L'eu-

verrous.

owls

on

I have

4.

magnificent.
hedge.

are

the

hlies.

some

clou, nez,
plural of joujou,feu (fire),
chapeau (hat),
Jils,drapeau (flag).
Give

the

CONVERSATION.
Le

La

Classe.

MaItre.

Entrez

The
et

as-

Charles,
seyez-vous.
faites I'appel.
C.
Le

Monsieur, "tout le monde

est present,
M.
fois

C'est

la

premiere

in, and
Charles, call

It is the

Seul

been

pas

uu

over.

Sir, everybody is present.

depuis longtemps

ftbseut.

down.

sit

Come

time

qu'il n'y

Class.

first time
that
a

there

for

has

singleabsentee.

long
not

54
LESSON
THS

If the
into

al

horse

ends
to

Zir

rule

singular,change
phiral : le chevaJ, the

the

suhslantives

Seven

in the

in al

form

irOTTKS.

chevcLux, the horses.

; les

same

PZ.VRAX.

noim
aux

XXXIX.

ending

in

hsiil, the lease

le co7-ail,the coral
remail, the enamel

les b"ux

the air-hole
so7(pira.il,

le trava.U, the work

le va7itsii\,the leaf of
le vitrail, a stained
window
The

the

"

le

le

follow

ail

other

rule, and

take

an

les

eniaux

les

sou]"iia.ux

'

door

les vantaiix

glass

coraux

h's ^raraux

les vitraux

the ral
genele gouveniAil, the rudder,

ending

nouns

les

in all

follow

les gouvernaila.

Bris-er,to

hreah

la cave,
the
ces, these

trop, too

cette

cellar

this
(/.),

I'eglise(/.),the church
general, (jeneral
court, short

much

terminer, to terminate
XVXodel

1. lis

ont

hrise

Exercise.

les

gouvernails des bateau:

soupiraux trop petits. 3. lla
,

2. Ces

ji'ont pas
cette
ont

des

ont

caves

termiue

eglise sont

commande

tres-courts.

les travaux.

4.

magnitiques.

des chevaux.

5.

6. Us

Les
Les
out

vitraux

de

generaux

des baux

6G
and
Le he tail (singular)

les hestiaux

both
(plural),

cattle.

mean

niustre, illustrious
le chevalier,the knight

perdu, lost
le meme
jour,on
day

Ses

2. EUe

the

same

vicieux.

lier,before

or

perdu

Bombres.

5.

les cieux.

1. His
2. He

ciels

Des

6. Les

de

d'etoiles

bestiaux

sont

Exercise

40.

were

lost

two

had

his

les clievaux

tableaux

ces

not

jour.

meme

pour

milliers

ancestors

chevaliers.

le

aieuls

necessaires

sont

Les

pluralnoun.

d'illustres

deux

ses

Exercise.

etaient

aicux

4.

of

brill-er,to shine

travails

8. Les

dark

de, thousands
champ, field

XtSodel

1.

vtcious

des milliers

his

ses,

vicieux,

Bombre,

sont

trop

brillent dans

dans

le

champ.

illustrious.

very

grandfathers. 3. The
cattle were
not in this field yesterday. 4. His
5. The heavens, the brakes
eyes are very small.
for shoeing horses, the oval windows, the bedtesters, the air-holes,the cattle,the coral,the
the toys.
games,
CONVERSATION.
En

G.

Classe.

Monsieur, il y

In

Sir, there

deux

61eves

qui
chez

Le
"'

are

boya

two

(pupils)
laisse leur

ont

Class.

devoir

who

have

left their taek

eux.

M.

lis

f ois

copieront

cent

will copy
times :

They

Chez

moi,

chez

toi,

"At

Chez

eux,

chez

lui."

At thfcii-home,

luy

home,

at

hundred

thy home,

at his home."

57
LESSON

XLI.

QViLX.XFYZXrC

ADJECTIVES.

Formation

of

the

Feminine.

(SeeLesson
If the
s,

The

in el, eil, en, on,

last consonant, and add an

adjectiveends
the

double

the feminine

to form

with

used

before

consonant

latter that

before

used

one
or

vowel

they form

li

an
or

an

wute

beginning

noun

aspirate,and
h mute

for the

the

other

it is from
:

the

"

Masc.

consonant

jumeau,

La

forms

two

their feminme

Masc.

(Beforea

et, ot,

"

followingadjectiveshave

masculine, the

form

VII.)

or

(Beforea

vowel

or

twin, makes

jumelle,

from

woman

le cadeau, the

gift,theprescnt

an

old

jumel.

femme,

rhomme,
Tai-bie

the
the

man

{m.),the tree

invit-er,to invite
i'ami, the friend

58
Exercise.

Model

1. La
est fort
4.

Cette

tigresseest

tres-cruelle.

ancienne.

3. La

6. Voici

homme.
un

fol enfant.

cousine

est

Charles

10.

etait

femme

Sa

plume

n'est

vieil arbre.

fort belle.

9. Voici

avait invite

son

7. Louis
beau

un

nouvel

Exercise

bel

un

est

tres-vieille et

est

soeur

bonne.

pas

5. Voila

muette.

un

8.

2. Cette maison

sa

cadeau.

ami.

41.

friend will invite George. 2. Tbey

My new
3. My
will give a beautiful present to his father.
and beautiful.
cousin (/.)is not old, she is young
1.

4.

Here

is

old tree.

6. This

ball is not
very

child.

handsome

so

church

big

5.

is very

mine.

as

There

is

ancient.

8.

This

woman

very

7.

Thy
is

good.
XLIL

LESSON

ABJTECTZVSS.

QVAXiZTYZIO'G
ForiKtation

of

feminine

tbe

of

Feminine,

adjectivesending in
and
accent
e mute,
put a grave
er, ier, add an
the e precedingthe consonant
: /ior, proud,
on
foreign,{Jem.)etramjhTe.
(fem .)fibre ; e'cranijer,
in et form their feminine
The foliowinf5adjectives
To

form

in the

the

same

way

"

59
If the

adjective ends

in

in tlie masculine,

change f into v, and add an e mute : bref, brief,

vive; neu f, new,
(fem.)brbve; w'f,quick, {fern.)
neuve.
(fern.)
If the adjectiveends in n, change x into s, and
add
mute
an
e
: jalonx, jealous,(fern.)
jaloiise;
heureii"e.
heureuXy happy, (fern.)
deja, already

La

langue, the language

malheureux, unhappy

actif, active

Model

1. La

bijoux.
8.

Nous

cousine

de

soeur

La

2.

Exercise.

Charles

etait fort

mere

parlous une
.est jalouse

heureuse.

5.

est

inquietede

de

sa

que
ma

soeur,

et

ses

fils.

ses

langue etrangere.

Est-ce

complete ? G. Non,
tres-incomplete.

tres-fiere de

Ma

4.

elle n'est

grammaire
grammaire neuve
ta

pas
est

neuve

est

dejil

42.

Exercise

No; it is very
sister is jealousof her cousin,
incomplete.
and
cousin
is very unhappy.
4. His mother
my
did
is very old, but
she is very active.
5. They
not
speak a foreign tongue. 6. She was
very
proud of her present.
1. Is

this

page
8. My

complete

2.

CONVERSATION.
Classe.

En
Le

M.
vos

vous

In

Maintenant,

fermez

livres ;
allez r6citer

vos

le-

(jons.

Robert, levez-vous;
tenez-vous
droit,
et repondez
a
mes
ques-

Now,

shut

Class.
your

booka;

you are going to

lessons.

Robert, stand .up

stand
and

say your
;

straight,
answer
questions,
my

tions.
Robert.

Monsieur,

sais pas

ma

je
leQon.

ne

Sir, I do
son.

not

know

my

lea-

60
LESSON

XLIII.

VX3S-G

QVAXiXF

ASJfCTZVES.

Formation

If the

adjectiveends

to form

C'lse

of

in

change

eup,

the feminine

( ffin.)
trompeuse
jlattenae.

Fdminine.

tlie

deceiving,
jiattenr, flattering,(fern.)

trum/tenr,

The

take
following, in eur
meilleure:
meilleuT, better, {fern.)

followingtake

"

exterior
exterieiir,
mitcrieur, anterior

posterior
posterieur,

ice

"

Masc.

Fem.

accusing
protecting

accusateur

protccteur
The

followingtake

esse

accKsatrice

protectrice

"

Masc.

La

mute:

an

interior
interieur,

meilleur,better,
majeur, major
minear, minor
superieur,superior
inferi-or
inferieur,
The

into

eur

Fem.

veiKjeur

avengmg

vent/eresse

enchanteur

charmins:

enchantercase

sieniie,his

la leur, theirs
la lumiere, the
le pays,

the

sauv-er,

version

lumiere

save

implor-er,to
light

la

country

implore

puissance, the

causeur,

power

talkative

Ezsrcise.

BEodel

1. Ma

to

est meilleure que la sienna.

2. L*
de Charles est supcrieurea la leur. 3. Cetie

plume

est

trompeuse.

voix enchanteresse.

protectrice.6.

Elle

4. Cette cantatrice

5. II

une

implore sa puissance

u'est pas

causeuse.

61
43.

Exercise

My sister
protectingpower
1.

translation
feminine

is not
has

will

and

be

talkative

so

this

saved
better

meaning

of

3.

His

Give

the

country.

than

2. A

his.

as

mine.

"

accnsateiir,

vengeur,vwu,

replct,anterienr,Jier, fiatteurjancien, vituXy

phete,ambassadeur.

pro-

CONVERSATION.
En
Le

M.

B.

J'ai

Classe.

Pourqnoi
mal

eu

pendant
et ma

How

la tete hior

I had

la soirc-e,
vous
a ecrit

mere

pour

vous

yesteivlny

headache
whole

during
and

mother

my

letter

to

to you

excuse

evening,

has written
to

ask

A.DTECTXVS3S.

QUAilPYlUG
of

tlie

remiaizie.

following adjectivesform
;
ii'regularly
The

their

feminine

"

Masc.

faux
rovx

doiix
hlanc

franc
sec

frais
caduc

you

me.

XLIV.

LESSON

Pormation

the

prierde m'excnser.

Class.

is that ?

cela ?

toute

lettre

une

Ix

decayed by

age

caduque

62
Fern,

publique
turqiie
grecqiie

longue
benifjne
maligne
favorite
coite
La pi^ce d'ua franc, the
franc piece
I'eau

(/.),the

I'encrier

one-

la fleur

cousine

fausse.

est

2. Leur

tres-douee,mais la mienne
3. Cetteeaun'estpasfraiche.
dans

seche

est

donne

franc

est

maligne.
cre

the flower
(/.),

Exercise.

pieced'un

Cette

inkstand

ivater
Model

(m.),the

cet

encrier.

longue version.

une

5.

Le

Cette

6.

est tres4. L'en-

maitre

flcur

est

tres-blanclie.
Exercise

4ft.

is not
My Greek (afterthe noun) grammar
gentle and more
complete. 2. His sister is more
frank than theirs.
3. We do not like a long translation.
1.

This

4.

meaning

and

turc, roux,

ink is much

the

feminine

too thick.

"

Give

the

of the

benin,favori,sec,

following: coi,
caduc, public.

CONVERSATION.
En

Classe.
la lettre.

Le

M.

Donnez-moi

E.

La

voici,monsieur.

Le

M.

C'est bien

asseyez-vous.
C'est a votre

Savez-vous

Ciass.

In
Give
Here
That's

the letter.

me

it

is, Sir.

right;

all

sit dowr,

tour,Charles.
votre

le"?ou?

It is yonr
Do you k

turn, Charles.
ow

your

lessou f

64
I'assiette
le

the plate
(/.),

plat,the

touch-er

dish

si,to toibch
to break

cass-er,

ordinal, ordinal

ramass-er,

nombre

le

(m.),number

to

pick

up

prindple

principe,the

appris,learnt
model

Exercise.

2. Ta

1. Ces
as

une

appris

pieces d'lm franc sont fausses.

meilleure
plume que Robert.

8.

les

nombres

ordinaux.
vifs.
de

nombres
4.

Les

5.

livres.

cardinaux

Ces

6. Ne

touchez

8. Les

casse.

n'ont

pas

de

morceaux

tres-

encore

pas

cette

pas

les

sont

ne

eleves

nouveaux

7. Eamassez

cassee.

hommes

gros

les

et

II

assiette
ce

plat

principesgeneraux.
Exercise

45.

dish.
2. They shall
up this broken
learnt the cardinal and the ordinal numbers.

1. Pick

have

3. These
not

pretty women
these handsome

touch

the

Give

paresseuXf

not

are

plural and

meaning of:
meilleureloyal.

nouveau,

Deg-rees

(SeeLessons
its

4. Do

egal, graSf

XLVI.

QXTAXiXFirZlirG

forms

tall.

plates.

LESSON

bon

very

of

.aSJECTXVES.

Comparison.

VIII.

and

IX.)

larly
de^*ees of comparison irregu-

Bon, good
Petit,

meilleur,better

and
little,

mauvais,

le

meiUeur, the best.

bad, form

their

65

gularly,
also irre-

degreesof comparison regularly,and

follows

as

moindre, smaller, le moindret the smallest

petit, small,
le pire, the worst
mauvais, bad, pire, worse,

better, best, worse, worst,

little,
translated
into
adverbs in English, they are
are
French
by peu, mieux, le mieuxy pis,lepis.
N.B.

When

"

is

Much

heaucoup or

heaucoup or tres,never

tres;

very

is also

much

tres-beaucoup.

ton, son, my, thy,

possessiveadjectives
mon,
before the same
his or
noun
come
her, cannot
together with the article,therefore the article
be dropped in French, as it is in English in :
must
pltisgrand livre.
my largestbook, mon
The

speaking of health, the adverb, not the

il est mieusc,
il est
is used in French
:
adjective,
plus man, he is better,he is worse
; il est meilleur,
he is a better boy, or a better man.
In

(m.),the

L'accent

malade, ill
ils savent, they l"now

accent

French
fran"jais,

Model

1. Son

Kobert

accent

Eobert.
4. Ma
maitre

3.

l'accent

que

Nous

aimons

heaucoup

son

n'est pas pire que la tienne.

devoir.
dechir^ mon
plus mauvais

version
a

etait malade

7.

est-il meilleur

Oui, il parle fran9ais mieux

2.

Exercise.

hier,mais

Georges est

il est mieux

meilleur

que

1. "We do not like Eobert

a

better accent

que
frere.
5. Le

6. II

aujourd'hui.

Charles.
46.

Exercise

theynot

de

than

very
my

much.
friend ?

2. Have
3.

No,

65
but
4.

they know

we

of all)hettei*.
(last

grammar

best translation

His

have

the

is not

good. 6. We
yesterday,but

very

worse
very ill ; we were
better to-day. 6. This paper

been

are

is not better

mine.

than

CONVERSATION.

C. Je

I'ai

In Class.

Classe.

En

apprise de

I learnt

mon

it

as

well

as

I could.

mieux.

L. M.

Dites-moi

les

jours

en

fi animals.

de la semaine

Tell
week

C. Lundi, mardi, mercredi,

jeudi,vendredi, samedi.
L.

Vous

M.

of

days

th"

in French.

Monday, Tuesday,

day,
Wednes-

Thursday, Friday,
Saturday.
You forgetSunday.

di-

oubliez

the

me

manche.
d'Ernest.

C'est le tour

Dites-moi
mois.

les

noms

des

Tt is Ernest's

turn.

Tell

names

the

me

of

the

months.

LESSON

XLVn.

KTITMSBAXiS.

(SeeLessons
Cardinal

20,
30,
40,
50,
GO,
70,
80,
GO,
100,

vingt

XI.

and

XII.)

ZUuxubers.

vingt-et-un

soixante

21,
81,
41,
51,
61,

soixante-dix

71, soixante-et-onze

trente

quarante

cinquante

quatre-vingts
quatre-vingt-dix
cent

1.000,millo

trente-et-un

quarante-et-un
cinquante-et-un
Boixante-et-un

81, quatre-vingt-un
91, quatre-vingt-onze
101, cent un
1,001, mille un

67
Bemark

that et, and, is used

only with 21, 81,

41, 51, 61, 71.

Un,
a

is the

one,

feminine

ime^

which

number

only cardinal

has

one.

Vingt,20, and cent, 100, take uu s if they aro

which
multipliesthem, and
precededby a number
followed
not
by another ," giiatre-nm/ts, 80 ;
cent
-vingt-un,81; deux
cents, 200; deux
qxiatre
un,

201.

take
vhigt cannot
by another number, or

and

Cent
followed

they

they

are

used

are

of the year : Van mil huit cent,

the
mil huit cerit ou^tre-vingt,
; Van

the year 1800

year 1880.

thousand

2,000,000

into i7iilin

thousand, is shortened

the

Christian

The

era.

substantives

are

deux

after

numbers
millions

tioning
mena

"Lliommes,

men.

II y a, Vaere is
il y avait, there

or

arriv-er,to happen
poss6d-er, to possesi
marchand, dealer
ceci,this

are
or

was

y a-t-il? is there or are

there
y avait-il ? teas

were

there!"
or

were

there?
la

if

if

the date

to express

MUU,

an

cela, that

bourse,the

I'an

purse

XMCodel

{m.),the

year

Exercise.

1. H

bourse.
y avait trois cents francs dans ma
2. II y a
trois cent
cinquante francs dans la
ici?
mienne.
3. Y a-t-il deux millions d'hommes
4.

Nou, il y

arriva

dait

I'an mil

ici deux
huit cent.

mille

hommes.

6. Ce marchand

chevaux.
quatre-vingt-dix

5.

Ceci

poss6"

(^S
"7.

Exercise

there not

1. Were

there

That

6.

there

Are

3.

ten

No,

2.

million

No, there are eighty thousand.

happened iii the year 1680.

here?

men

francs.

202

were

francs iiiliispurse.

80

Write

4.

in French

out

words:

71, 93, 62, 84, 110,

1009, 78, 98.

CONVERSATION.
En

C.

In

Classe.

January, February, March,

April, May, June,
July, August, September,
Decern*
October, November

Janvier,fevrier,mars,
avril,mai, juin,
aofit,septembre,
juillet,
octobre, novembre,

d6-

ber.

cembre.
Le

M.

That's

tres-bien,

C'est
Charles

Class.

Charles

well

very

(said),

;
'

seulement
un

peu

il faut

plus

only you

parler

haut.

LESSON

speak

must

little louder.

XLVm.

"ru"xx:RAZ.s.

XI.

(SeeLessons
To
cut

form
off the

the ordinal
e

and

numbers

add

XII.)

and

Idxne

of 30, 40, 50,

:

60,
trente, trentienUf

to the cardinal
rest, simply add idxne
number:
For
70th, soixante-dixieme, "c.
81st, 41st, etc., do not use premier, but imieme,

SOtli ;

for

the

trente- et-unieme.

Use
used

the cardinal

number

instead

after names
Englifih: firstly,
secondly,in speaking of the date
Henri
quatre, Henry the Fourth;

of the ordinal
of

in

fourth

of June.

of

sovereigns;

the

month

le quatre juin the

^

69
quatre the

that in Henri

Remark
is not

translated,and that in
Enghsh **of is dropped.

le

English the'*
quatre juin the
**

"

Exception:
"

and

For

the first sovereignof the

for the first

day of the month

premier : Henri premier

number

Succ6der

a, to succeed

la

dernier, last

the ordinal

use

le premierjuin,

naissance, hirth

I'oucle,uncle
la tante, aunt

c'est,it is

c'etait,it

series,

I'anniversaire

was

I'anniversaire

(m.),anniver-

sance,

de

la

nais-

the

birthday

Henri

sa

classe,et la
qu'ilarrivera

sary
XUEodel

1.
2.

fidouard premier succeda

Sa

mienne
ici le
trois

Exercise.

est

soeur

la

de

derniere

premiere. 3. Est-ce
premier Janvier? 4. Non, il arrivera ici le
fevi'ier. 5. C'est aujourd'hui le soixante-

douzieme
oncle.

la

trois.

esj

anniversaire
6.

anniversaire

C'etait

de

hier

Ja
le

de la naissance

Exercise

naissance

de

mon

cinquante-et-unieme
de

ma

tante.

48.

To-day is (it is to-day) my sister's 21st

birthday. 2. Yesterday was
yesterday)
(itwas
cousin's
38th
birthday. 3. George the 2nd
my
succeeded
George the 1st. 4. Shall we not arrive
there on (to be leftout)the tenth of July ? 5. No,
shall arrive there on the 1st of August.
wc
1.

Give

the

ordinal

numbers

09, 86, 100, 71, 381, 32.

corresponding to:

70
CONVERSATION.
En

Le

M.

Classe.

In

Jean, dites-moi

leg

John, tell

Class.
the

me

names

noms

des

Jean.

quatre saisons
Le

printemps, I'^t^,

I'automne,
Le

M.

of the four

Quel

Spring, Summer,

I'hiver.

est le genre

du genre

What

The

masculin.

are

feminine
mute

forms

masculine
her

used

are

noun

thy sword;
(/.),

seasons

of the masculine

gender.

mon,

X.)
ton,

instead

of ma,
beginning with

amie

mon

four

ADJECTIVES.

{See Lesson

or

gender

XLIX.

POSSSSSXVE

his

is the

of the last three

LESSON

The

Winter.

Autumn,

des trois dernieres ?

Jean.
Les quatre saisona
Bont

seasons

(/.),my
humeur

son

son,

ta, sa
vowel
a

my,

thy^

before
or

an

friend ; ton
epee
(/.,h mute), his or

her temper.
This

is done

be

produced by

sa

liumeur.

to

avoid

the two

the French

the hiatus which

vowels

ma

would

SLmie,ta. ^pee,

possessiveadjectiveagrees in
gender with the objectpossessed and not with the
possessor, as in English,it follows that his and her
before a masculine, and
will be translated by son
Here;
: his book, son
by sa before a feminine noun
her book, son
livre; his pen, sa
plume ; her pen,
Ba
plume.
As

72
LESSON
TBB

Masc.

L.
ABJSCTXVS.

SSnSOirSTRilTZVE

Sing,

thisybefore

ce,

an

consonant

aspirate:

livre,this book
heros,this hero.
ff

this,before

cet,

iy

vowel

h mute

this

Fem.

Sing.

t//is: cette

cette,

cet

child;cet

this

cette

or
ce
ce

an

or

enfant^
/lowme,

man.

j^^^e,this girl;
this
amie,

friend.

Plural.

these,for both genders : ce"

amies, ces
en/ants.

ces,

ci, here, and

joined to the noun

the thing or person

Ih, there, are

by a hyphen to show whether

ce
livre~ci, this book
Bpoken of is far or near:
(here); ce livre~lh,that book (there)
; ces livres-ci,
these books

those books.
livres-ld,,

ces

Le

tableau, the picture

pr6f6r-er,to prefer
la marchandise, the goods
fidele,faithful
c'est

vrai,it

Touvrage (m.),work
la

the feather
plume (/.),
le bee, the beak
fort, strong

is true

Model

1, Admirez-vous

Exercise.
ce

tableau-ci ?

2.

Non,

nous

3. Avez-vous
besoin de
preferons ce tableau-la.
besoin de cos
ces
plumes-ci? 4. Oui, nous
avons
plumes-ci et de cette encre-la. 5. Les plumes de
ce

hibou

sont

fort

belles.

besoin de la marchandise

6. Nous

de cet homme.

n'avons

pas

7. Cette

73

longtemps. 8. Cet ami est tr^sfidele. 9. Ce livre-ci est plus cher que celui-1^.
10. C'est vrai ; mais cet ouvrage-ci est plus complet que cet ouvrage-li.
amiti^

durera

Exercise

50.

pictures and those boolfs.

is very strong. 3. This
2. The beak of this owl
hope is a vain [after
th6noun)ho\}e. 4. They have
has lost
this child's toys. 5. This
not seen
man
those
his goods. 6. Do you want
these books
or
1. He

wants

these

worlis ?

7. We

want

8. This

and

book

this

that work.

is mine.

money

CONVERSATION.
En
Lb

M,

Comment

lez-vous
Le

In

Classe.
vous

appe-

Class.

is your

What

name

Kouveau.

Je

m'appelle

My

is Richard.

name

Richard.
Le

M.

Avez-vou8dgjS,appri8

lefrau(;ais?
Oui, monsieur,

Richard.

un

aheady

Have

you
French?

learu*

little.

Yes, Sir

; a

Can

you

translate

Not

very

peu.

Lk

M.
a

R.

Pas

Le

M.

Pouvez-vous

traduire

livre ouvert

sightf

tres-bien.
Savez-vous

at

bien votre

grammaire ?
li. Oui, monsieur

assez

Do

well.

you know
well ?

Yes,

sir ;

your

grammar

pretty weU.

Men.

LESSON
coiTTTrercTzvs

psrboitax.

{See
The

LI.

Lessen

conjunctivepronouns

before the verb.

psoNOxnrs.

XIII.)
are

generally
placed

74
Exceptions.
Place

the pronoun

1. In

sentences
interrogative

only) :

after the verb

? hast

as-tu

the verb

2. When

first and

thou

is in

second

"

ject
(thepronoun-sub?

the second

gular,
person sinperativ
plural of the im-

persons

there is no negative
i.e. when
afifirmative,
in the sentence : dojine-lea,givethem
; but ne lea
donne pas, do not give them.
N.B.

"

moi

use

IMCe

and

te

and

toi

instead ; before en,

lave-toi, wash

are

used

never

after the

verb,

m',

use

la'en, give

yourself; donne

t'

me

some.

Do

not mistake
for

noun)
noun) :
a

book

them

Us ont

adjective(whichis joined to

an

pronoun

(which is used

perdu

leur livre,they have

des

donne

Us leur ont

the

la porame,

lost their

livres,
they have

rouge,

given

(aftera

red

plac-er,to place
le fruit,the fruit

apple

plus, either

non

of

books.

some

cerise, the cherry

La

instead

ne-

conseoitez, consent

gative)
apport-er, to bring
XMCodel

1. Si
2. Tu

vous

as

des

avez

mes

Exercise.

livres,donnez-les

cerises,donne

et vous
de pommes
4. Ne
m'apporte pas

m'en.

n'en

aviez

3.

Charles.

Je

n'avais

plus.
mes
plumes d'oie,apporte5. Place-toi
moi
mon
encre
ici, ne te
rouge.
leurs livres,ne leur
place pas la. 6. Donne-leur
donne
?
pas leur papier. 7. Ont-ils des pommes
Qui, ils en ont, 8. Je n'ai pas de fruits aupas

pas

non

75
demain.

joui'd'hui
; j'en aurai
10. N'y consentez
pas.
Exercise

have

51.

the children

1. Have

2.

toys?

any

Yes

not

to it.

consent

do

fruit.

some
Bring me
some.
5. If you have any apples,bring me
not placethyself
here, placethyselfthere.
had
not any
and
had
not
we
any quills,
some.
8. If you have any cherries, give me

ink.

their

bring

not

4.

6. Do

They

7.

either.
9. Do

to it.

Consent

10.

they

their grammars,

them

Bring

3.

some.

Consentez-y.

9.

CONVERSATION.
En
Le

M.

In Class.

Classe.

Nommez

les

the

Name

princi-

principalparts

pales parties
du
K.

corps

tete, la main, le

La

body.
the
hand,

of the human

humain.

head,

The

pied.

the

foot.

Le

M.

N'en

pas
d'autres

Don't

connaissez-vous

que

que

I know.

je sais.

LIT.

LESSON

PEBSOXTAXi

BZSJVirCTXVi:

THB

{SeeLesson
The

my

PROSrOXTM-S.

XIV.)

personal pronouns
disjunctive
there

1. When

the

know

of any others ?
No, Sir ; that's all

cela ?

B. Non, monsieur, c'est tout

ce

you

verb

Mon

are

frere

more

et

lui

than

are

used

"

subject to
cnrriyerontla version^

brother and he will correct

one

the translatioii.

7d
2. In

answer

is there ?

Who

He, get a
II est

am.

la ?

est

he

moi,

avec

5. Before

; il est

plus

I ; c'est lul

qui

me

self;moi-mdme,

mdxue,

myself

Chacun, every one

la maxime, the maxim

I'habit

la rose, the rose

la gravure, the

arriv-er,to arrive

dire,to

say

c'est

ce

frapp-er,strike,to knock
1* montre,

"

1. Chacun

Exercise.

soi est

pour

2. Lui

et moi

dechir^

cette

nous

des

Moi.

gravure

maxime

une

aurons

frcre

!
5. Qui est
pareille
a
un
plus bel habit

ront

ici demain

la?

roses.

4.

Lui, dire

toi.
8.

II

une

6. Ton

cesonteux.

que

lui.

avec

^goiste.
3. Qui a

7. lis arrivea

pele

cette

lui-meme.

pomme

52.

fixercise

1.

the watch

trouv-er,to find
clir6tien,Christian

Model

chose

coat

qui, who

engraving

themselves

eux-memes,

(m.),the

pel-er,to peel

sont

un

c'est, c'^talt,

is with

(/randque moi, he is taller than

vient,it is he who is coming.

*Y

Mou

emphasis : Lui^ remportcr

prize!

: after que,
prepositions

4. After
etc.

the sake of

3. For

prix!

question: Qui

to

friend has

My

wa.tch than
prettier

I have

(to be leftout). 2. She and he had not had any

flowers.
found
it themselves.
3. They have
for himself
is not
4.
Christian
a
Every one
maxim.
5. They ari'ived here yesterdaywithout
him.
7. Who

out),

6. Who
has
8.

knocks

at

the

peeled this apple?

I, strike him

door?

It

He

[tobe left

has

is I.

77
CONVERSATION.
En

LeM.

In Class.

Classe.

Charles,just give us

Charles, donnez-nous
done
liste

plus complete.
tete, I'Spaule,le bras,

ane

C. La
la

head, the shoulder, the

The

the haiui,

arm,

le

jambe,

trunk, the leg, the

the

pied,

the toe,
face,the

I'orteil,
figure, le coude, le

Hst.

compleia

more

main,

le tronc, la
la

foot,

elbow, the knee,

the

genou,

le
Le

the

doigt, I'ongle.

M.

Quel

What

de

est le genre

deux

du

sont

autres

nail.

t" of
geiK'":

is the

shoulder, toe, nail

epaule, orteil,ongle ?
C
Epaule est du feminin,
les

finger,the

Shoulder

is feminine,

the

others

two

line.
mascu-

ai-e

masculin.

LIII.

LESSON
THE

When

POSSESSXVS

there

is

PROKTOXnirS.

only

one

possessor

SISGULAK.

"

PLURAIi.

Masc.

Fern,

Masc.

Fern.

1st pers.
2ad
"

Is mien

la mienne

les miens

les micnnes

le tien

la tienne

les tiens

les tiennes

Jrd

le siea

la sienne

les siens

les siennes

"

Meaning
mine
thine
m.

his, /. hers ;
its

When

there

are

than

more

SINGULAR.

Examples.

One

"

leur

que le tien,my
habits sont
nieilleurs

better
Leur

than
habit

possessor

"

PLURAIi.

Mon
tiahit est meil:
possessor
thine ; mes
coat is hetter than
que

thine.
est

one

meilleur

les

More
que

tiens, my
than

one

coats

are

:
possessor
le votre, their coat is

78
better than yours ; leurs habits

vdtres,their coats

are

sont

better than

meilleurs que les

yours.

mine, his,etc.,this coat belongs to

also be translated by cet habit est
to him, may
me,
a
moi, a lui,etc.,using a and a disjunctive
personal
This

coat is

pronoun.
voire, like votj'e and voiis, is used in addressing
when
the speaker is not
on
person,
very

Le
one

familiar

with that person.

terms

Large, broad, hig

ouvert, open

ie

la

Soulier,the shoe
le col,the collar
haut, high
le bouton, the button
ie tire-bouton, the buttonthe
gilet,

tailleur,tailor
la cravate, the tie
le

ct

tes

2. Vos

Exercise.

bottines sont

souliers
cols

sont

plus largesque les tiennea

plus petits que les miens.

hauts que les notres.

pas aussi
et ce tire-bouton
sont a mo^
est k

sont

ne

8. Ces boutons
4. Leur

toi.

foulard, the silk handkerm

chief

clier,expensive

waistcoat
XtSodel

1. Mes

cuff

the

stiff

empese,

hook

le

manchette,

gilet est plus

que

le mien.

pas aussi empeseesque

bon que
les sieunes.
6. Notre tailleur est moins
sont pas aussi joliea
le votre.
7. Vos cravates
ne
Tes

5.

manchettes

ouvert

que

les notres.

que

les leurs.

ne

sont

8. Ces

foulards

Exercise

1.

My

ties

are

Bilk handkerchiefs
tailor is dearer

largerthan

his.

not
are

than

sont

plus

33.

long as theirs.
biggerthan mine.

so

thine

6. These

chera

4.
shoes

Our
are

2. Your
8. Their

cuffs

are

youi's, "Lud

80
Exercise.

XKZodel

1. Voioi deux boutons

celni-ci.
la. 2. Je veux
ceux-ci

ceux-la

ou

Quelles

5.

celles-la.

de

est la.
ce

que

9. Ceci est

je te

sont

8.

not

ours,

and

these

or

are

6.

take

take

those

this

silk
are

This

Donne-lui

veux

qui

ce

10. Prends

54"

he

one

gives you.
'6. Which

Thesg

4.

2. This

theirs.

are

7. There

5. Which

that

or

8, Will

one.

waistcoat

collars ;

two

have

you

No, I will have

9.

those ?

or

are

is

their ties,

are

handkerchiefs,these

mine.

of this wine.
10.

what

that is theirs.

your
These

Je

7.

ou

donne.
Exercise

1. Do

moi.

celles-ci

est k toi.

moi, cela

soulierSf

sont

eux.

colui*

ou

tes

sont

mancliettes

celui-1^.

de

et

Quels

Ceux-ci

4.

6. Celles-la

vin-ci

ce

3.

leurs

sont

celui-ci

veiix-tu

some

of that.

some

is mine.

CONVERSATION.
En
Le

Classe,

Qui peut me
quelle difference

In
dire

M.

les mots

entre

il y

Who

"

between

the

words
La

montre,

la

pcndule,

I'horloge,la cloche ?
Pi.usiEi'RS Voix.
Moi.mon-

tell

can

me

tlie dilTerence

suivants:"

Class.

following

"

The

watch, the timepiece,

the clock, the bell ?

Several

lean, Sir.

Voices.

sieur.
Le

M.
a

Ne

parlez

pas

tons

Don't

all

speak

at

once,

la fois.

Pierre, repondez h.

cette

that

Peter, answer

question?

question.
Pierre.
tre

On
sur

porte
sui.

uno

mon-

One
one.

wears

watch

about

81
LV.

LESSON
"BXiATXVZ:

which

who,

qui,
Vhoinme

qui

PBOIO'OVirS.

la, the

est

who

man

qui, whose, or from whom

Vhomme
the man
de
qui jej^arle,
qui, to whom

is there.

(forpersons

de

things):

and

(for persons

of whom

only):
speak.

only): V enfant h
I speak.

(forpersons

"i\iije parte,the child to whom

and
which, what
whom,
(for persons
I
things): Venfant que faiine,the child whom
que,

love.

(forthings only, after

quol, what
void

de

quo!

je ris, this

tion)
preposi-

is what

am

laughing at.
whose, of

dont,

The

whom

le but

pour

which

or

(for

je parle,the

dont

who, which, what

lequel,
for which

from

things): Vhomme
I speak.

and
persons
of whom
man

things):

or

(forpersons

and

the end
je travaille,

lequel

1 work.

of que

is cut off before

vowel

Venfant

qu'iZ aime"
Satisfait,satisfied
iauG,faded
fauteuil,arm-chair
cass-er,

demeur-er,
to
]et-er,

to live

throw

away

lilas,lilac

to break

de

quoi,about

what

^om,farJaroff
Model

1. Lo

maitre

2. La

fauteuil

sur

rose

Sxercise.

fait.
lequel je travaille est satisqui est fanee est a lui. 8. Le

pour

lequelvous

etes est casse.

O

"4. L'auii

82
loin.
5. Voici la dame
k,
qui m'a invite demeure
des
fleurs.
6. Vous
qui j'ai donne
avez
jete le
lilas que je vous
avais
donne.
7. Voil^ de quoi
je lui parlais. 8. La cantatrice dont la voix est
si belle est ici.
Exercise

2.

child

The

1.

The

lady

which

on

is what
I

did

were

we

whom
not

them.

4. The

throw

away

(man)

poor

The

arm-chair
5.

The

live very
far off.
the
flower
which

is the

3.

mine.

6.

son.

your

great.

(sitting)is not
talking about.

invited

That

is ill.

works

have

8.

some

are

is not

speak
humanity is so

he

you

of whom

whose

for whom

Tnan

55.

Tins

friends
7.

They

you

gave

to whom

I gave

money.
CONVERSATION.
En

On

dans
Les

One

pendules
les appartements.
horloges indiquent
des

in

publics
n'indique

in

pas

time-pieces

rooms.

clocks

the

les lieux

cloche

line

has

The

rheure
dans

Class.

In

Classe.

tell

time

public places
bell does

not

tell the

I'heure.

Lk

Arthur,

comment
Arthur,
traduiriez-vous,

M.

en

would
into

fran(?ais:
The

hands

the

face

the

clock

the

bell

the

of

how
translate

you

French

watch,
a clock,
strikes,
a

of

rings,
pendulum,

the

time-pieoe*

time.

83
LVI.

LESSON
TBB

The
are

ax:x.ATZvz:

relative

pcoio^ouio's.

qui,

pronouns

invariable,but lequel

dont

is variable.

The

relative pronouns
are
French
as
they are often in

love, V enfant que

quoi,

que,

never

understoocl

English:

in

the child I

faime.

Interrogative

Pronouns.

"

All the relative pronouns

interrogativesentences,
: qui
excejjt dont
parJe? who speaks ? de qui
do you speak ?
? of whom
parlez-vous
be

can

used

in

adjectivequel, m. siiuj.^
interrogative
quelle,,/',
sing.^quels, m.plnr.,"iueUes,f.plur. :
old are
? how
d(jeavez-vous
quel
you ? quelle
There

heure

is an

est-il? what

L'aumune

o'clock is it ?

jou-er,to play

alms
(/.),

has
ilest arrive, {it)

la bague, ring

happened

pari-er,to bet

voisin,neiijhbour
voulez-vous?
willyou (Jiare)? pendant, during
le malheur, misfortune
aeo";el

1.
2. A

Exercise.

parlependant la le9on? Moi, monsieur

parle,et de quoi avez-voug
c^uiavez-vous

Qui

84
A

parle ?
homme

cet

Que demande
Laquelle de ces

voisin,du devoir.

mon

L'aumone.

8.

4.

celle-la?
bagucs voulez-vous, celle-ci ou
est-il arrive ?
Un
5. Quel malheur
grand maletait-il hier a cette heurelieur.. 6. Quelle heure
heure
ci ?
La
meme
qu'aujourd'hui. 7. Pour
qui pariez-vous? Je ne parie jamais. 8. Le
de
core
I'argent est enauquel j'ai donne
pauvre
deux

la.
Sxerclse

To

spoken ? To my neighbour.
2. What
We
not
are
are
you playing at ?
of these two
playing, we are studying. 3. Which
This
hats will you have, this one
that
?
or
one
had?
misfortunes
has
he
4. What
one.
(Dc)
1.

Great

wliorQ

5.

(heures). 6.

have

They

gave

have

you

misfortunes.

o'clock

you

have

56.

you

For

betted.

never
some

bread

there

o'clock

What

will

whom

The

7.

has thrown

An

is it ?

they

Five

bet ?

to whom

poor

8. What

it away.

apple.

CONVERSATION.
En

ARTHuii.

Classe.

Les

montre

In

d'une
aiguilles

The

hands

of

d'une

horloge ;

the

face

I'horloge

sonne

the

clock

the

bell

la cloche

Lk

sonne

pendule,
M.

watch

la

pendule.

Maintenant,

voub

clock ;

strikes

rings ;
pendulum, the

the
Now

of

you

can

pouvez
vous

le cadran

le

Class.

en

la classe

aller ;
est termin6a.

go

the

class is ended.

piece.
time-

85
LVn.

LESSON
rnS

to

''PVM-ZR,"

COHrJUGATZOir

SXSCOZTD

punish,

(Simple Tenses.)

(For the

of tenses, see

formation

and

Lessons

XXVIII,

XXX.)

INFINITIVE.
PRESENT.

to pvmish.

Pun-lr,
PARTICIPLE

PARTICIPLE

PRESENT.

PAST.

Paa-I, punished

Pun-iss-ant, punishing

INDIOATIVB.
PAST

PRESENT.

{Tpunish,

(Tpunished)

punishing)

am

Je pun-l"

Je pun-la

tu

tu pun-Is
il pun-it

pun-l"
il pun-It
nous

pun-iss-ons

nous

vous

pun-iss-ez

vous

pun-imes
pun-ites

ils pun-lrent

ila pun-iss-ent

FUTURE.

IMPERFECT.

(Tpunished,I
I used

was

to

DETINITB.

{Ishall punish)

punishing^

punish)

Je

pun-iss-al"

Je pun-ir-ai

tu

pun-iss-ais

tu
il

pun-ir-as
pun-ir-a
nous
pun-ir-ons
vous
pun-ir-ez
ils pun-ir-ont

il

pun-iss-ait
pun-iss-ions
vous
pun-iss-tex
nous

ils pun-iss-alent

CONDITIONAL.
PRESENT.

(/ should punish)
Je

pun-ir-als
tu pun-ir-ai"
il puu-ir-ait

nous

pun-ir-lon"

vous

pun-ir-lez

ils pun-ir-aient

IMPEKATIVB.

{punish thou)
pun-iss-ons

pun-l"

pim-iss-ez
qu'ilspun-iss-ent

qu'ilpun-iss-o
SUBJUNCTIVE
PRESENT.

{That 1

IMPERFECT.

{That I might punish)

punish)

may

Que je pun-iss-e
que tu pun-iss-es
qu'ilpun-iss-e
pun-iss-lons
que nous
vous
pun-iss-iez
que
qu'ilspun-iss-ent

Que je pun-isse
que

tu

puu-isses

qu'ilpun-it
que

nous

que

vous

pun-issiona
pun-isslcz

qu'ilspun-issent

elc, roq
(For conjugating jnm-ir interrogatively,
Lesson XXVII., and donn-ery on pages 42 and 47.)
Exercise

Write

out

the

simple

57.

tenses

LESSON
THE

SECOXTB

of ohe-ir,to

LVm.
"

COSTJUGATIOKT
to

obey.

PUXJ-ZR,"

punish.

(Sixuple Tenses.)
Pun-ir

present

has
; this

an

increase

increase

will

(iss) in
reappear

the

participle
naturally in

from
the
parts of tenses, formed
participlepresent, i.e. the plural of the present
indicative, the imperfect indicative,the imperative
and
junctive
sub(through the present indicative
and the present subjunctive.
the

tenses,

or

88
CONVERSATION.
Rl?CRieAT10N.

La

faire
C. Veux-tu
de cricket ?

G^ Nod,

partie

"Will

pas le

No,

we

une

heure

We

have

il fai*t

gouter

uue

n'avons

nous

The

Plat-time.

have
you
cricket ?
have

game

cX

time.

no

temps.
C.

Nous

avons

Oui, mais

G.

Yes, but

avant.
II

C.

whole

vrai

est

It is true

nous

que

that

have

hardly

une

time

to have

partie.
G. A quoi veux-tu
jouer?
0. Propose quelque chose.

What

temps

guere
de
faire

to

The

play

at t

"

PTTXT-ZS,'*

punish.

Tenses.)

of the

formation

Lessons

game.

LIX.

(Compound

(Forthe

will you

COXa-JUGATZOZr

SECOIffB

we

Propose something.

LESSON
THE

luncb

must

we

first.

n'avons

le

hour.

entiere.

tout

XXXII.

compound tenses,see
and XXXIV.)

verb oipunir
auxiliary

is avoir,

INFINITIVE.
PERFECT.

Avoir pun-1, to have punished

INDICATIVE.
PERFECT.

PLUPERJECT.

(/had punished)

(rhave punished)
J'ai puni
tu

il a

puni

as

tu

avons
avez

ils ont

puni
avals puni

il avait

puni

nous
vous

J'avais

pnnl
puni

puni

puni

nous

avion

vous

aviez

ils avaient

puni
puni

puni

89

J*eus
tu

tu

puni

eus

il eut

il

puni

puni

nous

eumes

vous

eutes

ils

J'aurai

puni

puni

J'auraia
tu

should

have

puni
puni

aurais

puni

aura

nous

aurons

vous

aurez

puni
puni

puni

auront

punished)
nous

aurions

vous

auriez

ils

puni

il aurait

puni

ANTERIOR.

CONDITIONAL

(I

punished)

have

puni

auras

ils

puni

eurent

ANTERIOR.

shall

(/

punished)

had

(7

FUTURE

ANTERIOR.

PAST

puni
puni

puni

auraient

SUBJUNCTIVE.
PLUPERFECT.

PERPECT.

{That

ait

qu'il

que

ales

tu

que

qu'il
puni

ayons

vous

ayez
aient

puni

que

out

efit

the

compound

puni

puni
puni

eussions
eussiez

vous

qu'ils

puni

puni

eusses

nous

que

Sxerolse

Write

tu

punished^

have

might

j'eusse

que

puni

nous

qu'ils

puni

{That
Que

j'aie puni

Que

que

punished)

have

may

eussent

puui
puni

S9.

tenses

of

ag-ir, to

act.

90
LESSON
THS

sscosTD

LX.

cowjuaATioisr

to

punish.

(Compound
II faut

the

{followed hy
this
tive),

Tenses.)

homme...

cet

que

plus t6t,

subjunC'

auxiliary)

certainly

certainemeut,

{afterthe

auxiliary)
teudrement, tenderly {after
the

{aSterths

sooner

afin que, in order that

the subjunctive)

must...

man

Mpxnr.xB,**

la

{with

deruiere, last

semaine
week

auxiliary)

llf odd

1. Ton

t'aurait-il

maitre

negligetes

Szerclse.

devoirs

si tu n'avais pas
m'aurait
maitre ne

puni

Mon

2.

j;as puni si
aient
oiseaux

je lui avais obei. 8. H

faut que ces
deja nourrileurs petits,
noirci votre
4. Le gaz
aurr:,
plafond la semaine
reflechiplus tot. 6. Nous
5. Q'l'ilyeiit
derniere.
certainement

ete les

eussent
votre

que

cheri

tendrem^dit

avons

maison

7. Vous

notres.

si vous

enfants

ces

aviez

comme

auriez

s'ils

embelli

de 1'argent. 8. Afin

eu

tu aies fini ta version.

Exercise

60.

the enemy
vaded
might not have inthis province. 2. I should not have embellished

1. In order

that

this houpe

if

we

had

not

had

enough

money.
4. No, this

punished this child ?

have
not punished
child has obeyed us, and we
had
not finished yesterday.
it. 5. You
certainly
have reflected sooner.
6. That
7. The
you mi.'rht
have
blackened
this ceiling. 8. This
must
gas
3.

Have

you

bird will have

fed its young.

91
CONVEESATION.

G.

Jc

ne

J'ai

pas

peux

I cannot

joucr.

long peusum

un

play.
a
long imposition

have

to do.

faire.

gave it to you
head-master.

Who

G.

Qui te I'a donue

Lepriucipal.

C.

Pourquoi?

Why

G.

quittantla classe
Ernest,
j'airencontre
qui m'en veut,

On

C.

Play-timb.

The

La. Recreation.

The

En

leaving the

I met

Ernest,

Who

has

class

grudge against

me,

et

sais,

tu

comme

know,

you

ami

sommes

nous

nous

as

had

we

fight.

battus.

C.

All ! Je

Oh

Le

The

comprends.
pass6
principal a

par
et

punis

tous

hca 1

master

that way,
and punished you

la

vous

! I understand.

les

both.

deux.

G.

Yes, that's it.

C'est cela.

LXI.

LESSON
THE

THiaD

"RBCBV-OIR,**

COWJITGATIOW

to receive.

(Simple Tenses.)

(Forthe

formation

of tenses,

and

see

Lessons

XXVIII.

XXX.)

INFINITIVE.
PRESENT.

Kecev-oir,
PARTICIPLE

to receive
PARTICIPLE

PRESENT.

E:;cev-ant,receiving

reQ-u,

received

PAST,

92
INDICATIVE.

(rreceive,1

{Ireceived)

receiving)

am

Je re"?-oi"

Je re(;-us

tu

tu re"?-UB

reQ-ols
il re(j-olt
noud

vous

DEFINTTB,

PAST

PRESENT.

il reQ-ut

reQ-dmes
reQ-At09

nous

recev-on"

vous

recev-eas

ils reQ-urent

ils re^-ow-ent

FUTURE.

IMPERFECT.

(Ireceived, I
I used

(7shall receive)

receiving,
receive)

was

to

Je recev-ais

Je recev-r-Gl

tu recev-al"

tu

il recev-ait

il

nous

recev-lons

vous

recev-ieai

recev-r-a"
recev-r-a

nous

recev-r-on"
recev-r-ez

vous

ils recev-r-ont

ils recey-alent

CONDITIONAL.
PRESENT.

(Ishould receive)
Je recev-r-als

nous

recev-r-lon"

tu recev-r-al"

vous

recev-r-lez

il recev-r-ait

ils recev-r-aleut

IMPERATIVE.

^B^ceivethou)
recev-on"

re(;-ois

recev-ex

qu'ilre"j-oiv-o

qu'ilsleq-oiv-ent
SUBJUNCTIVE.

PRESENT,

[That I

may

IMPERFECT.

{That I might receive)

receive)

Que je Te(}-oiv-e
que tu re(j-oiv-e"

Que je reQ-usse

qu'ilreq-oiv-e

qu'il rep-ut

que

tu

que

nous

recev-lon"

que

nous

que

vous

recev-le"

que

vous

qu'ilsreg-otv-ent

reg-usses

reQ-usslona
reQ-usslex

qu'ilsreQ-nssent

93
recev-oir interrogatively,
etc.,see
(For conjugating
Lessons XXVII., and donn-er on pages 42 and 47.)
61.

Exercise

simple tenses
: d-u.
past participle
out the

Write

"

COXTJirGilTZOir

THXRB

owe

LXn.

LESSON
THS

of dev-oir,to

RECfiV-OZK,"

to receive.

(Simple Tenses.)

conjugation, in forming the future ard

the infinitive,di'op oi :
from
the conditional
je recev-r-ais.
recev-oir,
jisrecev-r-ai,
In this

conjugationthe letters cv
of the stem
are
recevdropped in the singular
of the present indicative, je reg-ois,
etc., in the
whole of the past definite,in the singularand in tlio
third person plural of the imperative,in the wiiole
in the past
of the imperfect suhjunctive, and
that in this

Eemark

participle.
Note

also that the letters

ev

of the stem

recev-

plural
regoiv- jn the third person
in
of the present indicative,in the singular and
the third person plural of the present subjunctive,

bccome

and

oiv,

of the

in the third persons

The

letter

by

takes

or

cedilla whenever

apercev-oir,

le

to

tax

perceive

gillie,genius

concev-oir,to

conceive

lowed
it is fol-

je re^-ois,re^-u.

Percev-oir, to collect [taxes)

l'imp6t (m.),the

imperative.

la pensee,

the

thought

de, much,

many
beaucoup
to
deceive
d6cev-oir,
de la part de, from

94
AEodel

Til

1.
2.

percevais les

Nous

homme
leur

de

impots dans
presents de nos

apercevons

les deceviez

pas

cadeaux.

lis

7.
8.

Ee9ois

parents^
Cefc

5.

pensees.
6. Que

present

ce

vill"i.

4.

recevront

ne

la

encore.

pas

genie con9oit de belles

beaucoup d'argent.

doivent

beaux

liier des

resumes
les
ne

Nous

D.

Szercise.

vous

lis
ne

de fort

pas
de

la

part

de ton. ami.
Exercise

received

Tliey

1.
uncle.

You

2.

8.

That

are

not

many
will collect

6. Do
money.
receive
some
may

you

would

from

presents
the

here

taxes

their

to-day,
4. They

they might perceive him soon.

conceive
of genius, they will never
men
owed
ideas.
We
5.
(past def.) them

beautiful
some

62.

us.

fruit to-morrow.

7.

That

8.

They

here.

perceive us

not

deceive

not

CONVERSATION.
La
C.

C'est

G.

Ponr

C.

Qnant
faire

The

Rkcreation.

It is very

fort enniiyeux.
surtout.
moi
a

For

moi, je vais
de

tour

un

Play-tijis.

annoying.

particularly.

me

As

for me,
I am
going
to take a turn
out

promo-

nade,
en

I'lieure

attendant

de

until

school-time,

de

Lend

me

la classe.

G.

Prete-moi

ton

Clioix

your

Header.

Lectures.

C.

Trcs-volontiers

tu

le

la-haut

dans

Very

willingly;
find

trouveras
men

pupitre.

you

it

up-stairs in my

desk.

will

"3
SUBJUNCTIVE
PLUPKRFECT.

PERFECT.

(That I

have

may

{That I might

received)

Que j'aiercQU
que

que

vous

repu
re"ju

qu'ilsaient re";u
There
as

in Lessons

3.

4.

to coiZec;(f
percev-oir,
axes)

2.

que

nous

eussions

que

vous

eussiez

verbs

LXI.

dev-oir,to owe
redev-oir,to owe still
recev-oir,to receive

1.

and

to

ihe

out

in

reqn
re^u

re(ju

conjugated
LXIII., namely :
oir

"

5.

apercev-oir,to perceive

6.

concev-oir, to conceive

7.

decev-oir,to

Exercise

Write

regu

qu'ilseussent

only seven

are

shown

eusses

qu'ile(it re"?u

ayous
ayez

tu

que

qu'ilait re(?u
nous

received)

Que j'eussere"ju

tu aies requ

que

have

deceive

63.

compound

of

tenses

apercev'oir,

perceive.

LESSON

COXJUGATZOir.

THIRD

Tlie

LXIY.

'with

Tenses,

Compound

of

some

tbe

Prepositions.

Prepositionsstand before
and must be repeatedbefore
List of

some

of the most

the

noun

every

they govern,
noun.

commonly

used

positions
pro-

"

de, of
a,

to

or
or

from

devant, before

at

avant, before

aprh, after [oftime)

{oftime)

deni^re,behind

{ofplace)

97

chez,at

dans, in
pi-es de, near
sur,

of

on

pour,

for

sous,

under

contre,

avec,

with

par,

sans,

without

the
proprifitaire,

le

reuss-ir,to succeed

landlord

the

percepteur,

efforts,efforts
quelque chose, something

tax-col-

the head-master
principal,
rapr6s-midi (/.),the Offter-

la

le

poste, the post

le soir,the evening

la gare, the station

noon

Exercise.

Model

aurions

prietaire.2.
moi
une

{-pi.
m.),all

tons

lector

1. Nous

against

by
malgre,in spiteof
des,from, as earlyas

le terme, the quarternsrent

le

in the house

or

du

Vous

deux

termes

notre

pro-

les

aurez

le percepteur.
pour
lettre par la poste de

impots avec
que j'aiercQU

per9U
3. Ilfaut
soir.

ce

J'arriverai

4.

la gare avant
toi. 5. Ne te place pas devant
moi.
6. II n'a pas reussi malgre tons ses efforts.
7. Que
je n'eusse
de9U leur esperance.
pas
8. Est-ce que tu as apercu
quelque chose ? Non.
a

re9u les eleves chez

re9U les eleves chez le

9. Avaient-ils
lis avaient

Sxerclse

1. He

has

2. What

has

francs.

3.

received
he

They

quarters'rent.
deceived
him.
them.

them.

6.
7.

You

They

received
4.

owed

must

10.

Non,

principal.

at

my

at your
house ?

their landlord

That

5. We

64.

something

have

eux

might
you
have succeeded

not

will not
H

not

house,
Three
three
have

spiteof
place yourself beiore

arrive

at

in

the

station

98
before

8. You

us.

have

must

received

letter by

afternoon's
post. 9. The tax-collector had
10. Would
collected the taxes in the town with me.

this

have

not

you

all the books

received

CONVERSATION.
A

Le

CljA.3SEi DB

liA.

M.

Prenez

pier,
une
plume
nous

L'AprIIS-MIDI.
du

tous

AT

Take

pa-

et de I'encre ;

allons

faire

AFTERNOON

THE

paper,

and

pen,

we

une

some

all of you,

ink;

some

going

are

SCHOOIi.

to

write

from

dictation.

dictee.

first
George, name
the signs of punctuation.

d'abord
Georges, nommez
de
les signes
ponctuation.
la
G. Le point,
virgule,
les deux-points, le point
et virgule,
le point d'interrogation,
le point d'exclamation.
C'est
Lb M.
on
ne
peut

The
the
the
the

That

stop, the

comma,

colon, the semi-colon,

note

interrogation,

of

note

of exclamation.

could

not

be better.

mieuz.

LXY.

LESSON
TBB

FOXniTH

"

COM-JUGATZOir

ROXISP.RS,**

to break.

Tenses.)

(Simple

(Forthe

formation
XXVIIl.

of tenses, see
and XXX.)

Lessons

INFINITIVE.
PRESENT.

Romp-re,
PARTICIPLE

PRESENT.

Romp-ant, breaking

to hrealc.
PARTICIPLH

Romp-u,

broken

TXBT,

99
INDICATIVE.

(I break, I

am

DBPINlxa,

PAST

PRBSINT.

(Ibroke.)

breaking.)

Je romp-s

Je romp-l"

tu

tu

romp-"

romp-l"

il romp-t

il romp-It

nous

romp-ons

nous

vous

romp-ex

vous

romp-imes
romp-ites

ils romp-lrent

ils romp-ent

FUTUKB.

IMPERFECT.

(7 broke, I

was

T used

to

(I shall break.)

breaking,

break.)

Je romp-als

Je romp-r-ai

tu

tu romp-r-a"

romp-als
il romp-ftit
nous

il romp-r-a
-ions

romp

romp-lea
ils romp-alent
vouB

nous

romp-r-on"

vous

romp-r-ea;

ils

romp-r-ont

CONDITIONAL.
PRESENT.

(Ishould
Je romp-r-al"
tu romp-r-ala

break.)
romp-r-lon"

nous
vous

ils

il romp-r-alt

romp-r-lex
romp-r-alent

IMPERATIVE.

{Break thou.)
romp-on"

Eomp-8
qu'ilromp-

romp

-ex

qu'ilsromp-ent
SUBJUNCTIVE
IMPERFECT.

PRESENT.

{That I

may

Que je romp-e
que

{That I might break.)

break.)

tu romp-e"

Que je romp-lsse
que

tu

romp-lsses

qu'ilromp-e

qu'ilromp-it

romp-lon"
romp-lex
que vous
qu'ilsromp-ent

que

nous

que

vous

que

nous

romp-l8slon"
romp-isslex

qu'ilsromp-issent

100
For

etc.,te$
interrogatively,

conjugatingromp-re
XXX.

Lessons

and

XXXIV.
-

65.

Exercise

Write out the simpletenses of rend-re^to render.

LESSON
THE

FOURTH

simple

The

LXVL
COXTJITGATZOir.

with

Tenses

Adverbs

of

Quantity*

Li this

conjugation,in forming the future from

the e must
the present infinitive,
be dropped:
je romp-r-ai.
romp-re^
Verbs

which

have

of the infinitive do not

before

the

termination

in the third person

preteritindicative : defendre, il

singular of the
defend, he defends

take

; fondre, to

melt; celafond, it

melts.

Adverbs
too

of

much

"

; peu,

bien,much, many
The

heaucoup

trop^

many

require de without any article

(with the exception of bien) :

adverbs

above
after

Quantity. Assez, enough

little ; beaucoup, much,
; tant, so much, etc.

them

soldats,many

de

soldiers.

requires de and the article : bien des

soldats, except in the expression: bien d'auUes,
bien

many

others.

Adverbs
the verb

in French
in

are

generally placed

after

liary
simple tenses, and between the auxiand the past participle
in compound tenses :
il jmrle beaucoup,
he speaks much
; U a beauparU, he has spoken much.
coup

101
is

beaucoup
in

as

English ;

translated

are

qualified
by

never

much, too much,

by beaucoup, trop, tant.
'*

admirablement,

descend-re,

agac-er,

I'escalier

down

come

(m.),staircase

laiss-er,let
tomh-er, fall
le

plateau, the tray

entend-re, to hear
mord-re, to hite

attendrez

vous

que

to annoy

Exercise.

Model

1. Est-ce

admirably

ne...plus,no more, no longer

ensemble, together
vend-re, to sell
vainement,
vainly
d6pend-re, io depend
entierement, entirely
bon marche, chea/p

the servant

domestique,

"

correspond-re,to correspr/nd

vite,quickly
la

much

so

very

Attend-re, to wait for

to

adverb

another

ici

longtemps?

3. En
ici tres-peu de temps.
Non, j'attendrai
descendant
I'escalier trop vite,la domestique a

2.

laisse tomber
tendiez

le

chanter
5.

plateau.

4. 11 faut

enque vous
rablement.
cette cantatrice,elle chante admi-

Ce chien-lamordrait

sivous

I'aga-

cieztrop.6. Nous ne correspondonsplus ensemble.

le coupe
7. Romps
ton pain, ne
8. Nous
pas.
vendimes
beaucoup de fleurs et bien des fruits.
d'autres

Bien

9.

Cela

10.

attendent

def 3nd entierement

Exercise

down

1. Come
8.

wait

as

long. 5. You
yesterday.
pens
7. Coming down

ink fall.

8.

You

shall

more

with

as

sold
6.

not

you.

4. Do

not

not

and

books

many

Do

down.

come

that

break

the stairs too fast,we let

must
hear
him
speak, he

speaks admirably. 9. These

too much.
you annoyed them
no

de toi.
66,

cheap

here

many
chair.
the

others sell

Many

2.

vainement.

encore

one

dogs
10.

another.

would

They

bite if

will

respond
cor-

102
CONVEKSATION.

La Classe
Le

M.

Vous

The

L'ApE"s-MtDi.

de

n'avez

You

ou-

pas

blie,j'espere,
ce

la

les

fermez

les

guillemets,

guillemets. j
monsieur,

Oh

! non,
n'^crirons
nous
toutes

plus

FOX7RTH

fois.

brackets,
mverted

com*

Oh

! no, sir ;
shall
not
down

wrile
any

those
more

like last time.

LXVn.
SOMP-BI^"

CON^JITGATZOir
to

Compound

The

hne,

in full

LESSON
THS

between

mas.

we

lettres

forgotten,
by

another

words

la derniere

comme

is meant

put between

mots-la

ces
en

put

theses,
paren-

not

hope,

begin

entre

ouvrez

have

what

ligue,

mettez

O.

dire

veut

que

Schoou

Aftebnoon

verb
auxiliotry

break.
Tenses.

of romp-re

is avoir.

INDICATIVE.
PERFECT.

pluperfect.

(Ihave broken)

(7had broken)

J'ai rompu

J'avais

tu

tu

il

as
a

rompu

rompu

nous

avons

vous

avez

rompu
rompu

ils ont rompu

rompu

avais

rompu
il avait rompu
avions rompu
nous
vous

aviez

ils avaient

rompu
rompu

104
The
of

adverbs blen

and

form

peu

their

degrees

:
comparison irregularly
"

The

Men

mieux

peu

mo

adverb

its

of

manner

termination

to

ment

If the feminine

le phis mal
le pis

be

can

by adding
:
adjective

formed

feminine

courageusexaent,

courageuse,

rison
compa-

"

plus mal
pis

mal

courageuXf

le moins

degrees of
:
irregularly

also

mal

the

ins

forms

mal

regularlyand

Adverbs

le mieux

ously.
courage-

adjectiveends with two

off: hardi,hardie,hardimezitf

of the

vowels, the last is cut

boldly.'
For

the

place of adverbs, see

Combatt-re,

to

le

fight

LXVI.

Lesson

drapeau,

the

flag

cri-er,to shout
d6fend-re, to defend

voulu, wished

r6pond-re,to

plusieurs,several

la

answer

the

plus courageusement combattu

1. Vous

avez

vos

ennemis.

leur

2. lis auront

drapeau. 3.
cloche, si tu avals

Tu

aurais

moins

mieux

mieux

cri^.

4.

ayez tres-mal r^pondu. 5. Que

moins
attendu
longtemps. 6. Nous

voulu.
Bonnes.

tombaut.

ensemble

7. Ce
8.

plus souvent,

chien

Us

ont

avait

mordu

repandu

defendu

entendu

vous

respondu

bell

Sxercise.

Model

que

cloche,

si

la

II faut
vous
eumes

vous

que

eussiez
cor-

eussiez

plusieurs per-

toute

la

biere

en

105
68.

Szerclse

shall have
8.

These

4.

Had

beer

spiltthe

1. I have

sold

had

dogs

defended

not

we

bitten

not

yesterday.

to-day than

fruit

more

2. We

the staircase.

on

several

persons.
flagbetter than the

our

Yes; we had fought more

ously.
couragehave
should
6. If they had
wished, we
often.
7. That you
corresponded together more
would
8. You
might not have lost your purse.
have heard the bell better,if you had not shouted
5.

enemy?

so

much.
CONVEBSATION,
La

Le

M.

Attention

Dictation.

The

DtCT^E.

Attention !

! Ecoutez

Listen

well.

bien.

Je

commence

begin ; (write)as

Feuille.

La
De

titre

; en

The

tige d6tachee,
Pauvre
feuille dessechee,

From

ta

OiX vas-tu

"

Je n'en

thy

Leaf.

severed,

stalk

Poor

dried-up leaf,
Where
art thou going

sais

[rien.

L'orage a

title t

The

frapp6 le chene

storm

[ know

has

"

not.

struck

the

[oak,

Qui

seul 6tait

Which

soutien.

men

alone

was

my

sup-

[port.

LXIX.

LESSON

(continued).

ADVERBS

(SeeLessons
Some
on

the

adverbs
e

of

LXVI.
manner

of the feminine

aveugl6menty blindly;

and
add

of the

LXVni.)
an

acute

accent

adjective:aveuglG,
precise, precis6ment, precisely.

106

The

of

instead

CompUtement takes an acute accent

the grave in compute^ complete.

followingare irregularlyformed : bn^/"briefly;traitreusement, treacherously.

vient,

If the
those

adjectiveends

in

ant

ent,

or

axnment

into exnment

terminations

change

or

to

^rM(Z^7"
it,prudetaxaent, prudently;
ohligeant,
ohlige^xameTXt,obligingly.
form

adverbs:

Exceptions: lent,lentementy slowly; vehement^

vehementement,vehemently.
The

followingadverbs

of

posed
negation are comof two words :
the first,
ne, is placed before
the verb immediately after the subject; the second
is placed after the verb in a simple tense,
word
tense : je
and
after the auxiliaryin a compound
"

le

ne

I will not

pas,

veux

voulu, I would
Ne.

.pas, not
not
.point,

not

have

it ;

je ne

Vai

pas

it.
ne.

ne.

have

only
.guere, hardly

..que,

(stronger) ne.

more
no
ne...plus,
ne...rien,
nothing

ne...

H dort, he sleeps
il se remet, he recovers

refus-er,to refuse
rend-re,to return,to givehack
Model

1. H
n'avons

6.

se

II

remet
ne

Exercise.

dort
est tres-malade, il ne
pas eu de fruits cette annee.

point re9u
il

jamais, never

plus.

3. Us

de lettres hier. 4. II n'est guere

6. II ne luidemande
lentement.

vous

demande

lui refusez pas.

qu'un

peu

2. Nous

de

n'ont

mieux,
rien.

pain,ne

le

107
Exercise

1. He

69.

will lose

nothing ; lie is not so stupid as

that.
have hardly eaten to-day at dinner.
2. You
8. He is only waiting for the omnibus.
4. We
shall speak to you
5. They will never
no
more.
6. He acts very prudently
give it back to you.
and wisely.
CONVEESATION.
La

De

son

Le

zephyr

DicTfiE,

The

inconstante

haleine,
I'aquilon,

ou

Dictation.

With

its fickle

The

zephyr

breath,
the

or

north

wind,

Depuis
De

jour me

ce

la foret

la

De la montagne

promene

plaine,
au

vallon.

Since

that

From

the forest to the

From

the

day

bear

me

mountain

along
plain,
to

the

valley ;
Je vais o^ le vent

I go whither

m6ne,

me

the

wind

bears

me,

Sans

me

plaindre ou

frayer ;
Je vais ot.
Ou

Without

murmuring

or

being

frightened.
va

toute

la feuille de

va

m'ef-

chose,

I go whither
everythinggoes,
Whither
the rose-leaf goes,

rose

Et la feuille de laurier.

And

LESSON
ZIVBEFZUZTZ:

the laurel-leaf.

LXX.

ADJECTIVES

AlTD

ZZTDEFZITXTa

PROXVOVM-S.

The
used

of the
followingare some
indefinite adjectives
:

Tout
toutes

with

most

commonly

"

toute
(f.sing.),
(m. sing.),tons (m. pi.),
(used
(f.plur.),all ; aucun,
any, no, none
certain ;
a
some
7ie)
one,
; certain, some,

autre, oiliei;chaque
quelque,^orae;
; tel,telle
(invar.
no, none
J, each ; nul, nulle (f.),

"/?az72t,many;

1U8
the noun); plusicurr
sucli; quelconqiie
(sifter
(f.),
several ; meme,
same.
(invar.),
Where

the

no

plural are

The
used
On

remark

is

formed

regularly.

followingare

of the most

some

indefinite pronouns
"

and

commonly

"

euphony requiresit,Von

when

and

made, the feminine

(sing.),

"

people,they ; chacnn, chacune,each one, every

one
nobody ; quelquun, some
(with fie),
; personne
somebody ; quelque chose, something ; rien
one,
(withne),nothing ; tout le monde, everyone, everybody
the
all
not
world).
(and
one,

fait,done
le defaut, the fault
viendra, will come
I'age,tJie age
respect-er,to respect

JjSiinstioe,the justice

d6sir-er,to desire
entr-er, to enter
il faut etre, one
must
le paresseux,

de, sure

BOX

the

be

lazy fellow

to
Exercise.

Model

1. Tous
2. Si Ton

les hommes

desire

8. C'estun

ses

defauts, chaque
I'aime

monde

pupil will have

Everybody would love

excellent
not

these

education.

to

him.

him

children
4.

anything

eaten

speaking

All

You

to-day.

6. If

aimable.

aujourd'hui.
a

age

et le

ses

respecte.
vous

70.

1. Each

3.

justice,

aujourd'huipour

ici

Exercise

better.

la

etre

fait

il n'a rien

plaisirs.5. Tout le
6. Quelqu'un viendra
parler.

2.

devant

egaux

aime, il faut

etre

paresseux,

Chacun

4.

sont

one

French

grammar.

if he would
are
are

5.

work

receiving an
ill ; you

have

Somebody

is amiable

one

is

is

109
to be loved.

Bure

{neis

knocks

8. Who

prizes.

My

7.

door

the

at

several

has had

brother

Nobody

answering questions).

left out in

CONVEKSATION.
La. Fin

de

Le

M.

G.

Quels
et

That's

C'est tout.

leQons

les

What

les devoirs

sont

de-

pour

and

M.

of

Day.

the

all.

the tasks

are

the lessons

main?

Le

End

The

Journ^e.

la

for

row
to-mor-

Vous

apprendrez

par

You

will learn

by

heart

cceur

la dictee que
de

the

venez

I'exercice

dule
mo-

soixante-dixieme

la

dictation

you

have

just

done,

faire,

ainsi que
de

vous

well

as

of the

as

the

model

seventieth

cise
exer-

lesson ;

leQon ;
et

traduirez

vous

en

I'exercice

soixante-dix.

La

est

vous

pouvez

finie,

vous

en

aller.

LESSON

followingare

commonly

used

as, like

parce

or, now,
ou,

or

que, that

but

into

seventy.

The

class is over,

you

may

go.

LXXI.

some

of the

conjunctionsmost

"

quand, when
.

que, because

ety and
mais, but

exercise

Cai',for, because
comme,

will translate

coxrjusrcTzozrs.

THE

The

you

French

frangais
classe

and

ni, nor, neither

si,if

plutot,rather
puisque,since
when
lorsque,
pourquoi,why
quoique,although

110
N.B.

Do

"

with

confuse

not

tlie

the

preposition for,"
"

conjunction for," because," caf\

where," has a grave accent; ou, "or," has
ou,
the conjunctionplutot,"rather" "sooner,"
none
;
is speltin one word ; the comp"arative
of tut, soon,"
sooner," is spelt in two words ; si is
plus tot,
never
immediately followed by the conditional:
dii papier,je te preterai une plumes
si tu me
donnes
I will lend you a pen ;
if you give me
some
paper,
dit papier, je te preteraisune
si tu we
donnais
lend
plume ; if you gave me some
paper I would
pour,

"

"

'*

"

"

"

"

"

you

pen.

Se repent-irde, to repent of

malhonngte, dishonest
c6d-er, to give way

tard, late
je crois,I believe
mourraient, would die
s'ennuy-er,to feel dull

Texamen
Taction

Exercise.

ZKCodel

1. Tout

le monde

(m.),examination
the act
(/.),

I'aime, car

c'est

un

excellent

2. Je crois que vous

vous
en
repentirez
garcon.
3. Pourquoi n^'avez-vous
mence
complus tard.
pas

plus

tot "?

4.

Ces

soldats

plutot que de ceder k I'ennemi.

lais,tu ne t'ennuierais pas tant.
content lorsquej'auraipasse mon
Exercise

1.
him

this

think
4.

Why

have
for

he will

They would

they
me,

Si tu travail-

6. Je serai bien
examen.

71.

begun

not

for I

5.

mourraient

owe

sooner?

it him.

2. Give
3. I do not

repent of it {s'enbefore the verb).

die

rather

than

honest
dis-

more
they worked
they would
shall bo
feel dull
not
{s'
ennuieraient) 6. We
will have
nation.
passed this examipleasedwhen
you

act.

5. If

{quede) do

of the Anxiliary
and of tlie
Conjugation
Yerbs,

112

avoir, to have.

Simple

etre, to be.
Simple Tenses,

Tenses.

INFINITIVE,
avoir,to have

PARTICIPLE

INFINITIVE.

6tre,to

be

PRESENT,
6tant

ayant
PARTICIPLE

PAST.
6t6

INDICATIVE,

PKESENT,

j'ai

je suis

tn

tues

as

ilest

ila
nous

avong

nous

sommes

vous

avez

vous

gtes

ils sont

ils ont
IMPKRFECT.

IMPERFECT.

j'avais

j'^tais

tu avais

tu dtais

il avait
iivions
aviez
vous
ils avaiont
noils

il 6tait
6tions

nous

DEFINITE,

PAST

6tiez

vpus

ils etaient

je fus

tu

tu fus
il fut

eus

ileat

DEFINITE,

PAST

j'eus

famea

efltnes

nous

vous

edtes
ils eurent
FUTURB.

vous

j'aurai

jeserai

tu auras
il aura

tu seras

nous

nous
vous

fates
ils furent
FUTURE

ilsera

anrons
nurez

nous

seroni

vous

serez

ils seront

ils auront

CONDITIONAL,

PRESENT,

j'aurais

je serais

tu

aurais
il autaif.
aurions
nous

tu serais
il serait

vousauriiz
ils auraient
SUBJUNCTIVE,

vous

one

j'aie

que tu aies
qu'ilait
que

nous

que

vous

ayons
ayez
qu'ilsaient

nous

seriez
ils seraient
PRESENT,

que
que

que
que

nous

onssions

oussiez
qu'ilseussent
vous

IMPKRATIVE.

je sois
tu

sois

qu'ilsoit
nous

soyona
soyez
qu'ilssoient

que
que

IMPERFECT.
que j'eusse
que tu eussea
qu'ileM

serions

vous

IMPERFECT,

que je fnsse
que tu fusses

qu'ilfftt
que

nous

que

vous

fussions
fussiez

qu'ilsfn^'scnt
IMPERATIVE.

ayons

soyons

"oia

MjrM

Compound
avoir

Tenses.

INFINITIVE.
PERFECT,
^t^..donn^, puni, re(;ti,rompa
COMPOUND
PABTICIi'LK

eu.

Verbs,'Donner/
'Eompre.'
^Pnnir,'
'ReceYoir/
Regular

Four

Conjugation.

2nd

1st Conjugation.

8rd

punir,to punish

donner, to give

Conjt;gation.

4th

Simple Tenses.

INFINITIVE.

INFINITIVE,

INFINITIVE,

Conjugation.

Simple Tenses.

Simple Tenses.

Simple Tenses.

recevoir,to

receive

PARTICIPLE

roiipre, to break
PU:.
ENT.

PARTICIPLE

PREStNT.

PARTICIPLE

PAST,

recevant
PARTICIPLE

rotnpant
PA'-T.

puni

re9u

rompu
PHKSKNT.

punissant

donnant

donn^
INDICATIVE,

INDICATIVE.

present,

je donne

jepunis

jere(;ois

jeromps

tu donnes
11 donne

tu punis
il punit

tu repois
il regoit

tu

nous

punissons
punissez
ils punissent

nous

recevons

nous

vous

vous

recevez

vous

donnons

nous

donnez
ils donnent
vous

IMPERFECT,

jepunissais
tu punissais
11 punissait
nous
punissions
vous
punissiez
ils punissaient

je donnais
tadonnais
il donnait

donnioiis

nous

donniez
ils donnaient

vous

PAST

past

DEFINITE.

je recevais

IMPERFECT,

je rompais

turecevais
il reoevait
nous.recevions
vousreceviez
ils recevaient

tn

rompais

il rompait

rompions

nous

vonsrompiez
ils rompaient

DEFINITE.

PAST

rompons
rompez

ils rompent

IMPERFECT.

DEFINITE,

'

romps
il rompt

ilsre9oivent

IMPERFECT,

PAST

DEFINITE,

jedonnai

je punis

je regus

je rompis

tn donnas

tu punis
il punit

tu

re5U3

tu

il re9ut

il

nous

punimes
punites
ilspunirent

nous

vous

rebates
ils re^nront

11 donna

donnSmes

nous

donnates
ils donnftrent
vous

je punirai
tu puniras
il punira
nous
punirons

donneras

tn

il donnera
donnerons
doiinerez
vous
Us donneront
nous

ils puniront
PRESENT,

je donner.iis

jepunirais
tu punirais
il punirait
nous
puniriont

donnerais
il donnerait
nous
donnerions
tu

donneriez

puniriez
ils puniraienb
vous

ils donneraient
SUBJUNCTIVE,
que

que
que

tu

IMPERFECT.
que je donnasse
que tu donnasses
qu'ildonnat
que
que

nous

que

donnassions

donnassie*
qu'ilsdonnassent
vous

IMPERATIVE.
donnez

recevra

nous

recevrons

nous

vous

recevrez

vous

ils rompront

je recevrais

je romprais

recevrais
il recevrait
recevrions
nous
recevriez
vous
ils recevraient

tu romprais
il romprait

tu

queture^oives
qu'ilrefoive

que jepunisse
que

tu

punisses

qu'ilpunit
que
que

nous

punissions

vous

punissiez

rompron*
romprez

ils recevront
CONDITIONAL,

tu punisses

que
que

nous
vous

recevions
receviez

qu'ilsregoivenii

present.

rompriez
ils rompraient
vous

present.

que
que

je re9nsse

que

tu re^ussea

qu'ilreylit
que
que

nous
vous

je rompe
tu rompes

qu'il rompe
que

nous

rompions

que

vons

rompiez

qn'ilsrompent

IMPERFECT,

que

romprions

nous

IMPERFECT,
que
que

je rompisse
turom
pisses

qu'ilromjilt

que
re5USv=!ion3
re^ussiez que

nous

rompissions

vous

rompissiez

qu'ilspunissent

qn'ilsrecussent

qu'ilsrompissent

IMPERATIVE.

IMPERATIVE.

IMPERATIVE.

donnons

donne

il

IMPERFECT,
4fr-

tu rompras
il ronipra

SUBJUNCTIVE,

vous

rompites

je romprai

recevras

que3ere90ive

punissiez
qu'ilspunissent

vous

vous

ils rompirent
FUTURE,

tu

jepunisse

qu'ilpunisse
punissions
que nous

donniez
qu'ilsdonnent
que

FUTURE.

rompis

rompit
nous
romplmea

je recevrai

PRESENT,

je donne

donnes
qu'ildonne
donniona
que nous
que

punirez

vous

CONDITIONAL.

vous

re5flme8

vous

FUTURE,

FUTUHBS.

je donnerai

punis

punissons
puuiseez

recevons

re^ois

'^

INFINITIVE,

recevea

rompona

romps

rompes

114
S*0AMATZO"r

To

PASSIVE.

THE

OF

verb ia the

acid its past parpassive,

ticiple
to the verb etre^to be.
The past participle
of a
and
passiveverb agrees in number
gender with the
of the verb,example:
subject
a
conjugate

"

PRESENT
INDICATIVE
masculine subject.)

(Witha

(J

PASSIVE.
(With a feminine
atu

Je suis aimd
i^u es aime

je suis

\i est aim6

elle est aimee

nous
vous

tu

aim^s
etes aimes
somnies

ils sont aimfiiB

aim"e
aim^e

es

of

"

aimees

nous

sommes

vous

6tes aimees

elles sont

Conjugratlon

subject.)
loved)

(I

loved)

am

"

aimer

in

aimees

the

Passive.

As the verb etre ought,by this time,to be thoroughly

well known, the first person only is given.
INDICATIVE.
PRESENT.

{Iam
Je suis ^ime
nous

loved)
aimee
aimer) or

{I have
aim"es

nous

(7
J'^tais aim6
nous

aimee

etioas aimfis
PAST

or

et6
j'avais

aimgea

nous

aimeea

aim6

PAST

j'eusdte aime
aimees

nous

been loved)
aimfee
or

ete

eumes
FUTURE

FUTURE.

(7shrdl be loved)
Je serai aime or aimee
aim6s or aimees
nous
serons

loved)

or

ANTEKIOR.

(I had

loved)

Je fas aime or aimee

f'O.mesaimes or
nous

been

aimee
avions et6 aimes or aimgea

DEFINITE.

(rwas

or

PLUPERFECT.

(I had

loved)

or

aimue

or

ete aim^s

avons

IMPEUt"Or.
vms

lorsd)

been

J'ai 6t" aime

or

sommes

INDEFINITE.

PAST

aimes

aimees

ANTERIOR.

(rshall

have

J'airai 6t6 aime

been
or

loved)

aim6c

ete aimfis

aurons

nous

or

or

aiiucea

CONDITIONAL.
ANTERIOR,

PRESENT.

{Tshould

be

(Ishould

ha\* been Imed)

J'auiais ete aimy or aim(?e
various et6aim6s or aimees
nous

loved)

Je serais aime
nous

aimee
or
serious aimes or aimees

IMPERATIVE,

(fieloved)
soyons

sois aim6

or

aim6e

gu'iisoit aime

or

Boyez

qu'ell"soit

aimes
aim6s

or
or

airages
aimfies

soient aimes
qu'ils

or

qu'elleg

SUBJUNCTIVE.
PRESENT.

{That1 may
je sois aim6

Que
que

nous

ons

soy

PERFECT.

he

{ThatI may have been loved)

Que j'aie6t6 aim6 or aimee

loved)

aim6e
aimes or aim^es
or

nous

que

6te aimes

ayons

or

aimees
IMPERFECT.

PLUPERFECT.

{ThatI might
Que

je fusse aime

{ThatI might

loved)

aim6e
fussions aim^s or

nous

que

be

Que

or

loved)

aimee
eussions "te aimes

que nous
aimees

aimues

have been

j'eusseete aim"

or

or

INFINITIVE.
PERFECT.

{To be loved)
Etre aim6

{To have

aimee

or

PARTICIPLE

PRESENT.

aime

or

Aim6

or

PAST,

aimee

RErx.sxzvs

or

Keflexive verbs have two

is the

loved)

aim^o

{Loved.)

aimee

PROxronxxsrAXi

or

PARTICIPLE

{Beingloved)

Etant

been

Avoir 6t6 aime

verbs.

of the

pronouns

same

son
per-

other the object.

All reflexive verbs form
their compound tenses with
the help of the auxiliary
verb etre,to be.
The past participle
of reflexive verbs agrees in number
"

one

and
comes

the
subject,

genderwith

the

before

past

Conjugration

the
of

the

Stem
PARTICIPLE

in
object

participle.

Reflexive
:

repos

the accusative case, if it

Verb

; termination

PRESENT.

reposer,"

sc
:

er.

PARTICIPLE

{Besting)
Se reposant

*'

Eepos6
INDICATIVE.

PAST.

to rest.

116

SUBJUNCTIVE.
PERFECT.

PRESENT.

(That I

may

rest)

{ThatI may

have

rested)

117

LIST

MOST

THE

OF

SOME

OF

VERBS.

IRREGULAK

One

(a)
the

all

same

the

other

the

indicated

que

il

je

{h)

The

(c)

"When

formed

verbs

will

given

and

when

the

(with
given),

person

conn-ut,

d-isse

d-issions,

ore

the

tense,

adding

by

regular

by

conn-US,

the

through

are

only

persons

persons

in

learnt

two

or

nous

on

go

USEFUL

whatever

change

je

tu

quHl

form

which

he

vowel

may

go

il

conn-utes,

d-isses,

easily

can

of

will

conn-us

vous

que

pupil

remains

stem

terminations

conn-unies,

thus

the

proper

e.g.,

the

when

on

has
be

thus

conn-urent;

d-"",

qva

nous

etc.

verbs

are

arranged

nothing
with

avoir.

is

said

in

to

alphabetical
the

contrary

order.

the

compoimd

tenses

tu

118

" Remark
the place of en and of the pronouns,
and place them, as above, in all f
tenses, except in the imperativemood, which see.
to which the reflexivtj pronoun must be added.
t All through like asteofr,

120

t An impersonal or

uni

personalverb.

121
I Present Subjunctive. Imperfect

CondMonal.

Impei'ati9e. Participle
Present.

Subjunctive.

]e donnit-ais

que

je donu-e

je dorm-isse

que

dors

dormant

dormons
dormez

que

j'dcrlT-6

j'^crivifisedcris

que

^crivant

dcrivons
terivez

que

jefass-e

jef-isse

que

qu'ilfallAt

qu'ilfaille

fais
fsisons
faites

faisant

inOTM)

(none)
mettant

jemett-e

que

jem-isse

mets
mettons

que ]e meure
que tu menres

que

jemour-nsi

menrs

que

mourons

qu'ilmeure

mourez

niourions
mouriez
vous
meurent
qu'ils

que
que

nous

que

jenaiss-e

quej'oftr-e

nais
naiss
naissez

que

j'offr-isse offre

ofErant

offrons
offrez

qu'ilplenve
que

"

jepuiss-e

Conjugate as
Conjugate as

i Conjugate

above
above

above
above
as
Conjugate
as

5
I Conjugateas

above

qu'ilpKlt
que

jep-usso

^none)

pleuvant

{none)

pouvant

"c.
/endormir. to fall asleep,
to
ddcrire,

"0"
to subscribe,
sousa-ire,
to satisfy
sati^aire,

describe ;

to undo
difaire,

to omit. "c.
ometli'c,

ouvrir,to

open

to Bufier.
sovffrir,

"

Conjugated like

tenir^ its

auxiliaryis ttrt.

123
Conditional. Present Subjunctive. Imperfect

Imperative.

Subjunctive.
que
que

je prenne
tu prennes

quo

jepr-issa

nous

Present.

prends

prenant

past.

pris*

prenona
prenez

qu'ilprenne
que

ParticipleParttti,

prenions

preniez
qu'ilaprenneut
que

vous

que

jesacli-e

que
que

que

jes-usse

sache
sacbona
sachez

jetienne

que

jetfnssfc

tu tiennes

que

tu tinsses

tiens
tenons
t"nez

qu'iltienne
que
que

nous
vous

que

nous

teniez

que

vous

que

jevainqu-iss"vaincs

qu'ilstiennent
que

qu'iltint

tenions

je vain(iu-e

sachant

tenu "

tinssions
tinssiez
qu'ilstinssent

vainquant

aincu J

vainquons
vainquez

que
que

jevaille

que

j^val-usse

qu'ilvaille
que

nous

valions

que

vous

valiez

"uluj

vaux

valons
valez

tu vailles

qu'ilsvaillent
que

je vienue

que

]e vinsse

viens

venul

que

je viv-e

que

jev^c-nsse

VIS

vdcu^'

vivons
vivez

que je volo

qua

jev-issa

que tu voiea
qu'ilvoie
que
que

nous

voyiona

vous

voyiez

vois
voig

voyant

voyons

voyez

voient
qu'ils
que
que

je veuille
tu vOTiilles

quo
quo

]e
]e

voul-nsse

veuillez(tobe voulant
so good as to)

qu'ilveuille
vouliona
vouliez
qu'ilsveuillent
que

nous

que

vous

to learn,"o.
Conjugate as above apprendre,
to obtain,"c.
t Conjugate as above obtenir,
i Conjngate as above convaincre,to convince.
to be equivalent,
" Conjugate as above iquivaloir,
to remember, "0,
h Conjugate as above devenir,to become ; se souvenir,
to survive.
% Conjngate as above survivre,
""
Conjugateas above revoir,to see again.
"

oula

12i
A

SHORT

CHAPTER

Whence

is the French

1.

It is derived

"

The

Latins

Greeks

2. What

is the

The

"

used

for

the

same

the

the French

accents

accents

in Greek.

as

; it is

Yes

order.
th"

same

and

Greeks,

language

the

from

come

purpose

spellingof

the

Phoenicians.

into the language by the grammarians

3. Does

the

alphabet from

the

originof

signs called

INQUISITIVB.

it follows

Latin, and

their

theirs from

THE

alphabet derived

the

from

borrowed

took

FOR

Greek, but

They

of the

introduced

were

sixteenth

change

ever

not

are

century.

instance, the words tite,

head, hete, beast, in the first half of the eighteenth century, were
Bpeltteste, beste ; the s not being pronounced, was suppressed, and
"

circumflex

accent

retain

must

constantly changing

the

placed over

was

pecuHar

the

sound

; for

which

to

show

that

the presence

of the

the place of

any

the vowel
to

gave

it : tite,bete.

"

t"re,
6.

the

Does

4.

besides

both

for

instance, dge,

sure,

was

written

Why

is the

its

taK

accent

Yes;

The

"

circumflex

other

letter

letter

French

accusative

aagra;

sign of the plural?

the

language

singular and

sign of the

spelt in Old French

was

age,
seiir,etc.

has

borrowed

from

the Latin

accusative

its

plural ; the letter s being, generally the

the sign of the piural
pluralin Latin, became

in French.
6. How

is it that

In the

"

not

Middle

some

take

nouns

id

instead of

Ages, the distinction

adhered
strictly

to,

for
particularly

between
the

in the
",

plural

x,

pluxal?

and

in which

was
s

is

fixed rules were

and
always silent ; when, later on, more
accuracy
as : c/iapeauaj,
introduced, certain words retained the x exclusively,

hats

bijoux, jewels,etc.

7. The

but how

above
does

explains the

the

come

in

in here

chevauxt horses

works
travauast

examples which
following are only a few of the many
of
of
the
horses, coUf
c?ievawa;,
might
change
Zintou;
given
heck
fou, mad
these, were
spelt in Old French : chevalt^
ceux^
"

The

be

ool,fol,eels.

125
and

Longue

8.

public, seem

the

puUique,
be

to

feminine

irregular;

very

of

long,long,andof

pwbZic,
plained
irregularitybe ex-

this

can

irregularityis

The

"

been

added

become
had

qu

in

public

e,

longus, puhlicus,

it appears
;
has become

as

; g

the

to preserve
the Latin

hard

words

an

sound

from

all the French

All

c has
gu, and
these letters

which

the

from

come

numeral

adjectivescome

long and

from

the

which

Latin, except zSro, zero,

Soixante-dix, quatre-vingts, quatre-vingt-dix are

like cinquante, soixante, etc; where
from
do they come

They

remains

are

of the

of

system

Latin

is Arabic.

10.

"

has

mute

derived.

are

9. Do
"

as

so

great

so

feminine

the

form

to

before

not

not

formed

counting by

and

ten

by

extensively used in Old French.

twenty, which was
Formerly,
nonante
like
octante,
cinquante,
soixante,
septante,
etc.)
(formed
also used, and
it is strange
that
have become
were
they should
have survived.
obsolete, and that soixante-dix, etc., should
11.

the

Do

four

conjugations

contain

number

equal

an

of

verbs ?
No

"

in -ir

330

in
forms
(-er)

the
are

any

of

; out

(with

with

in

in

50

"

The

-re.

first

second

the

substantives,

Why

should

the

be

used

than

13. How
sentence

understood

There

is

having
{-ir,
conjugations
do

not

form

prevent
consonant

particularlypleasant

is not

the

hiatus

aime-t-il,va-t-il,

in

to prevent the
hiatus, and t was
necessary
il vck
it is the sign of the third person
; il aimc,
in Modern
French
: aimet, vat ; aime-t-il,va-t-il,
was

chosen, because
spelt in Old
French, simply

was

other

any

consonant

letter t, which
to

conjugation

"

"

etc., rather

"

imperfect

end in -er,
verbs, 3600
in
perfect
-ir
28
issais),
(with the im-

simple

two
imperfect in issais)with adjectives
; these
the
called "Uving"
which
others,
conjugations,
dead
new
verbs, are called
conjugations.

12.

'"

in -oir, and

verbs

to pronounce,

"

the

ais), lO
new

4018

about

take

back

it that

without

the

the

consonant

void, voilci,with
addition

of

any

they
a

verb

had

dropped.

substantive,
?

Is there

can

form

anything

is

nothing understood

; void

and

voila

are

compounded

of voi, the old

la, there, and
(id),here,
imperative of voir, to see, bo that void la plume, voila la plume is

of

the

adverbs

equivalent to

and

ci

see

here

the pen,

see

there

the pen.

THIRD

PART.

StZSADZNG

ZiESSONS.

RfePONSE
Lors

de

L6ONIDAS.

DE

de

I'invasion

la

Grece

general
rapporta a Leonidas,
ennemie
I'armee
I'eflfrayer,
que

on

pour

le

breuse

que
traits

des

Leonidas,

soleil
des

et
"

javelots.
combattrons

nous

L'Heure

Quelqu'un
il devait

demanda

riche, quand

voudras

tu

nom-

la

grele
1

"

dit

Diner.

Diogene
lui

Gelui-ci

diner.

si

I'ombre."

du

Spartiates,

par
mieux

Tant

"

Perses,

etait

obscurci

serait

les

par
des

quelle heure

repondit

si tu

es

"

Si tu

es

quand

pauvre,

tupourras."
Le
"*

un

peu

Faites-vous

jour

des

grand

themes,

prince, qui

un

paresseux,

Malheub.

une

madame

etait

encore

dame

de

?"

demanda

enfant
la

cour

de sa vie.
Non,
plaignait des malheurs
"Eh
faites
bien, si vous
seigneur.'*
ne
themes, madame,"
repliqua le petitprince,

et

qui

*'

malbeur

n'est

pas

encore

son

comble."

se

mon-

"

"

un

pas
*"

de

yotre

128
Bes
Un

Pep.les

Arabe,

depuis deux

mange
mourir

de

puits

faim.
les

ou

II le ramasse,
*'

mais

la

le sable

sur

des dattes

de cette douce

"

ou

vue
"

sont

ne

hommes

soit beni," ditdes noisettes."

Plein
"

des

que

perles1

"

PUNIE.

voyageaient ensemble

tresor

un

leura
de cuir.

petitsac

un

ces

**Dieu

L'AVARICE

verent

abreuver

de

il se hate d'ouvrir le sac

esperance,
de ce qu'il contenait, "Helas!"

s'ecria-t-il,ce

Trois

rien

desert, n'avait

viennent

il le tate.

sont

ce

le

jours et se voyaitmenace
En
passant pres d'un de

caravanes

il voit

chameaux,
il,

dans

egaie

Desert.

le

dans

ils etaient

bien

lis trou-

contents.

lis

marcher, mais la faim les prit,et

II faudrait avoir a manger,
I'un dit :
qui est-ce
C'est moi," repondit
qui en ira chercher?
II part, il achete des mots ; mais
second.
un
en
les achetant, il pensait que s'il les empoisonnait,
continuerent

de

**

"

"

"

de voyage

compagnons
le tresor lui
ses

mourraient

en

et que
les mets.

resterait,et il empoisonna
Cependant,les deux autres avaient medite, pendant
son
absence, de le tuer et de partager entre eux le
II arriva ; ils le tuerent, ils mangerent
tresor.
des mets qu'il
avait apportes ; ils moururent, et le
tresor

n'appartinta

Violon

Le

Un

jour tombe

On

le ramasse,
de mauvais

Et

L'adversite

personue.

et
on

brise

se

le

mauvais

un

violon,

recolle,

il devient

souvent

CASsfi.

est

bon.
une

heureuse

^cole.

129
EXERCICE

Du

pain

PnONONCIATIOIf.

DE

et du

fromage
C'est bien peu pour dejeuner.
On me
donnera, je gage,

Autre
Car
Du

sec

chose

diner

mon

Dillon dtna, dit-on,

dos d'un

dodu

dindon,

L'AVABE.

pretend que I'avare Henrique

Hait a tel point le mot donner,
On

Que dans
A

bon

un

recompenser
Je suis," lui

"

moment,

laissant

se

entrainer

Jean, son ancien domestique:

dit-il, tres-content
"

Do

ton

De

te projnettre

zele,et je me propose
D'en etre un jour reconnaissant
:
Ainsi fais-moi souvenir, mon
enfant,

quelque chose."

Epitaphs
Ci-dessous
II

ne

LeTTRE

Paresseux,

d'un

Antoine

repose

fitjamais autre

d'un

ficOLIER

Mon

cher papa, je vous

donnerai
lettre
ma

chose.

'SON

PfeRE.

luiidi;
aujourd'hui,
au
qui partira
je
messager
demain, mardi ; il arrivera apres-demain, mercredi ; vous
m'enverrez, je vous
prie,de I'argent,
jeudi; si je n'en re9ois point vendredi, je pars
"

samedi, pour

etre

chez

nous

eeris

dimanche."

130
Ver-luisant

Le

Un

Crapaud.

lb

le gazon

sur

lueur

phospliorique.
crapaud raper9oitet lance cjon poison
cet insecte pacifique.

Un
Sur

soir

un

Je n'ai

"
"

Lui

dit le

sa

jamais commis

ver

heure

son

de

mal,"

dernier

Eh

quoi," repritle hideux

Ne repands-tupas la lumiere
"

**

faisait

ver-luisant

Briller

*'

et

animal,
?

*'

Keve.

Le

Trois

e.

jeunes gens, Louis,

Pierre

Paul, voyageant ensemble, arrivent a une auberge,il ne s'y

trouve
Louis la
pour toute provision qu'une oie.
Ccci est trop pen de chose pour
prend, et dit :
tous trois,aliens
puissions en manger
que nous
fait
dormir, et I'oie appartiendra a celui qui aura
lis se coucherent
le meilleur reve."
done, mais
et

"

au

Le

de la nuit Paul

miheu

lendemain

qu'il avait
Louis

dit

tu te tenais

Pierre
tenir

me
"

dit

de moi

aupres

**

aujDres

Moi, j'aireve

que
:

moi
le tien, c'est done
a
Paul
dit- *'Efe moi, j'ai reve

tivement

On

la chercha

leve ?

du

pendant

cru

du

trone

le
j'etais
songe
de

roi."

roi et que

I'emporte

manger

Toie."

je mangeais

que

vain, car

songe

il I'avait efiec-

devoree.

Le
Henei.

en

J'ai

mon

8ur

I'oie."

I'oie.

et mangea
le
raconta

matin, chacun
eu.

sommeil

mon

leva

se

Comment,

Paresseux.

Paul, tu

n'es

pas

encore

131
vols bien que

Tu

Paul.

Et

Henei.

tu n'es

jusqu'aliuit heures
Pas

Paul.

Et

Henri.

tout.

en

ete

Alors,

Henri.

! Tu

encore

tu

que

avoue

es

lib

au

malade

done

porte tres-bien.

je me

non,

de rester

pas honteux
du matin ?

du

Mais

Paul.

non.

es

grand

un

pares-

eeux.

qui

voila tout

Te

Paul.

cela

dit souvent

me

fait

notre

comme

I'ecole

des pensums.
Henri.
Moi, j'etaisdebout

maitro,
il

quand

me

donne

matin, je suis alle

Buis promene.
Tu
Paul.

love.

me

ete bien

as

mais

rencontrer

Aliens, habille-toi vite

me

I'ecole de

n'etait pas

monsieur

non,

du

matinal, alors.

J'esperaiste

Henri.
natation

cinq heures
baigner k six, puis je
a

; tu

sais

encore

que

nous

lui.
dejeuner avec
Paul.
C'est vrai ; je n'y pensaisplus.
Henri.
Ah, bon ; ils'eveille quand on lui parle
done, pourquoi te
de dejeuner. Mais, dis-moi
leves-tu si tard aujourd'hui?
suis couche
Hier je ne
Paul.
me
qu'a minuit ;
fait une
avons
nous
partiede campagne.
Henri.
A pied ou en voiture ?
Je suis alle en
Paul.
voiture, mais
j'ai ete
oblige de revenir a pied, car mon
pere a eu la
idee d'offrir a deuK dames
sa
malheureuse
place

avons

promis

Antoine

d'aller

et la mienne.

Henri.

Oh

! pas

mal,

maintenant, paresseux;
tu ?

II y

puisnous

aura

irons

du
au

ma

tu

depeche-toi
dejeuner,entends-

foi ; mais
vas

chocolat et

jardin,et

un

nous

gateau delicieux
mangerons

des

132
cerises

des

et

groseillesvertes

tant

nous

que

voudrons.
Paul.

gateau et du fruit ?
pas long ; je vais bien

Du

chocolat, du
Attends, attends, ce ne sera
vite

me

6uis

debarbouiller
toi dans

et

Comment

J'ai

Joas.

Athalie.

je

dix minutes.

Athalie

Athalie.

les mains

laver

me

Joas.

et

vous

nommez-vo]is

Eliacin.

nom

Votre

pere

Je suis, dit-on, un
orplielin,
les bras de Dieu jetedes ma
naissance,

Joas.

Entre
Et

de

qui

parents

mes

Athalie.

Vous

Comment?

Athalie.
Joas.

Depuis
Ne

Athalie.

le votre

que je suis
sait-on pas

Oii

dit

out

besoin

moins

quel pays

est

je n'en

pays,

que

le

sort

vous

connais

fait

inconnue,
et qu'on n'a pointrevue.
nom,

femme

point son
Mais

de

pris soin
Dieu

Joas.

au

des

Une

Athalie.
mains

ne.

loups cruels prets a me devorer,

mit dans ce temple ?
Qui vous

Parmi

Athalie.

ne

mon

dit-on

rencontrer

Joas.

temple est
point d'autre.

Joas.

depuis quand

et

Ce

Athalie.

Qui

sans

abandonne.

lis m'ont

Joas.

Joas.

etes

jamais connaissance,
parents I

n'eus

vos

premiers

ans

quelles

laissa-t-il

jamais

ses

enfauts

au

133

petitsdes

Aux
Et

sa

Tous
II

me

bonte
les

oiseaux

s'etoiid sur

la

il donne

pature,

la nature.

toute

joursje I'invoque,et, d'un soinpaterncl,

nourrit

des

dons

offerts

son

sur

autel.

...Quelest tous les joursvotre emploi ?

JoAS. J'adore le Seigneur ; onm'expJiquesaloi.
Dans
livre divin on m'apprend a la lire,
son
main
Et deja de ma
a I'ecrire.
je commence
dit cette loi ?
Athalie.
Que vous
JoAs. Que Dieu veut etre aime ;
blaspliemd;
Qu'il venge tot ou tard son saint nom
timide ;
Qu'il est le defenseur de I'orplielin
Qu'il resiste au superbe,et punit I'liomicide.
tout ce
Athalie.
J'entends, mais
peuple,enferme dans ce lieu,
A quoi s'occupe-t-il
?
Joas. II loue, il bonit Dieu.
Athalie.

Le

Spectre.

Martin, s'^tant glissea minuit dans le jardin

d'un
chateau, remplit de fruits deux sacs, qu'il
avait I'intention de porter I'un apres
I'autre a sa
Au
demeure.
moment
ou, ainsi charge, il marchait le long du mur
du jardin,I'horloge
vint a
minuit ; le vent soufflait dans le feuillage
sonner
d'une maniere a faire frissoner,quand tout-a-coup
Martin aper9ut tout pres de lui un liomme
noir,
semblait
qui
porter complaisamment I'autre sac.
Pousser un
cri,jeter sa charge, et se mettre k
courir de toute
la vitesse de ses jambes, fut pour
lui I'affaire d'un
de

meme

tomber

instant.
son

sac,

L'homme
se

mit

noir laissa

courii- pres de

134
Martin

lui

aussi vite que

jusqu'au

bout

du

mur

il disparut.

oil

matin, Martin

lendemain

Le

rien de

n'eut

plus

de 1'horrible
presse que de parlera tout le monde
fantome
il se garda bien de dire un mot du
; mais
vol

qu'il avait

I'arreter:

vint
a

derobe

ez

Les
deux

le

vous

du

vous

sacs

de

nom

mener

en

fruit

Cette

meme

un

"vons
nuit," dit-il,

apercutcs

vous

que

Ville

de

Autrefois
Invita

et

Rat

le

des

Champ3"

le rat de ville
le rat des

fa9on fort

D'une

champs,

civile

des reliefs d'ortolans.

Sur

un

Le

tapisde Turquie
convert

se

trouva

mis.

penser la vie
firent ces deux amis.

Je laisse

Que
Le regal fut fort honnete
;
Rien ne manquait au festin,
Mais quelqn'un troubla la fete
^

Pendant

A
Le

qu'ilsetaient

en

train

la porte de la salle
Us

entendirent

du

bruit;

rat de ville detale ;

Son

sur

blanchi,a la clarte de la lune

levait."

Eat

darme
gen-

le

dans

ombre

n'etait que votre

le mur
nouvellement

Le

"

jour

jardin du chateau.
ont
trahi,puisqu'ilsportent tous
votre pere.
C'est pourquoi je vais
prison. Quant au fantome noir,

ce

qui se

Le

commis.

camarade

le suit.

13G
avec

une

cheval

au

k vapeur

vitesse

bien

galop.

On

navires

doune

le

de bateaux

nom

uavires

aiix

machine

superieure h. celle cl'un

qui sont pousses

par uue
quoique la pluparfcde C3S
des
bateaux, et qu'ils
pas

vapeur,
soient

ne

meritent

de
de vaisseaux
k cause
plutot le nom
grandeur. Appliquees a I'industrie, I33

leur

machines

I'l

aident

fabrications

diverses.

Christophe
La

decouverte

du

pauvre
moudo.

fut I'entretien du

enfler

son

nom,

ni

ame

ces

par

humilier

Colomb,

sa

geographe de Cordoue
Colomb

honneurs
modestie

ne

laissa

decernes
par

ni
son

les

jalousies
de sa gloire.

qui commen9aient a s'elever autour

dinand
Un
jour qu'il avait ete invite a la table de Ferdes convives, envieux
(^C5
et d'Isabelle,
un
honneurs
de laiue,
decernes au fils d'un cardeur
astucieusement
s'il pensait que nul
lui demanda
sphere
hemicet autre
que lui n'aurait decouvert
dans le cas ou il ne serait pas ne.
Colomb
repondit point a la question,dans la crainte de

autre

ne

Mais prenant
trop peu de lui-meme.
oeuf entre ses
doigts, il s'adressa a tons les
un
convives, et les invita a le faire tenir sur un bout.
alors ecrasa
I'oeuf
Nul n'y xmt parvenir. Colomb
des extremites, et, le posant sur son oval
par une
k ses rivaux qu'iln'y avait aucun
brise,montra
dire

trop

merite

ou

dans

une

idee

si

simple, mais

que

nul

avant
qu'un
cependant ne pouvaitla soup9onner,
premier inventeur n'en eut donne I'exempleaux
autres ; renvoyant ainsi k I'inspirateur
supreme

137
de

le merite

lui

temps pour

meme

en

mais
entreprise,

son

revendiquant

I'honneur

seul

la

de

primaute.
MiEUX

QUE

9A.

d'AUemagne, n'aimait ni
Joseph II, empereur
temoin ce fait : Un
ni I'apparat,
la representation
jour que, revetu d'une 6imi3leredingote boutonnee,
d'un seul domestique sans
livree,il
accompague
caJeche a deux places qu'il
une
etait alle, dans
du
faire une
conduisait
promenade
lui-meme,
de Vienne, il fut surpris par
environs
matin
aux
de la
il reprenait le cliemin
la pMe
comme
ville.

eloigne,lorsqu'un pieton,qui
regagnait aussi la capitale,fait signe au conducteur.d'arreter ce que Joseph II fait aussitot.
Monsieur," lui dit le militaire (car c'etait un
deBergent), y aurait-il une indiscretion a vous
mander
une
place a cot^ de vous ? cela ne vous
etes
generait pas prodigieusement,puisque vous
uniforme
seul dans la caleche, et m^nagerait mon
aujourd'huipour la premiere fois."
que je mets
brave," lui dit
Menageons votre uniforme, mon
D'ou venez-vous
?"
la.
Joseph, et mettez-vous
de chez un
dit le sergent, "je viens
*'Ah!"
fier
amis, ou j'ai fait un
garde-chasse de mes
de si
Qu'avez-vous done
dejeuner."
mange
Devinez."
bon ?
Que sais-je,moi, une
II

etait

en

encore

"

"

*'

"

"

"

*'

"

*'

"

"

*'

**

"

"

soupe
mieux
que

9a,

k la biere ?
que

9a."
"

vous

9a."
Une

dit-on."

**
"

**

"

"

"

De

! bien

Ah

la choucroute

longe de
'*
"

Oh

oui, une

veau

?
"

"
"

"
"

soupe,
"

Mieux

Mieux

que

je ne puisplus deviner,"

138
"'it Joseph.
faisan

tire

Un

"
"

faisan,

les

sur

plaisirs

homme,

digne

mon

un

Sa

de

Majeste," dit le
Tire sur
I'epaule.

lui

frappant sur
les
plaisirsde Sa Majeste, il n'en devait etre que
meilleur
Je vous
?
en
reponds."
Comme
on
approdiait de la ville,et que la pluie
tombait
a
son
comtoujours, Joseph demanda
dans
quel quartier il logeait, et ou il voupaguon
lait qu'on le descendifc.
c'est
Monsieur,
trop
de
bonte..."
dit Josej^h, ''votre
Non, non,"
rue?"
Le
demeure,
sa
indiquant
sergent,
eergent

en

"

"

"

**

"

"

"

*'

"

demanda

d'honnetetes.
vinez."

dit

bien

Capitaine
peut-etre?"
*'

"

Comment!

tot dans
"

se

lui

dit

9a."

"

vous

dit
a

confond

en

dit

pour

Joseph
seriez

moi
ne

I'y descendit.

me

se

*'Ah!

genoux

'*

"

9a."
Colonel,
"

*'
"

dit-on."

"

et

la voiture

"

pas
; le

supplie I'Empe-

descendre.

avoir
apres
heureux
de

trop
aussi promptement
quittiezqu'a votre

?'*

I'Empereur
n'y avait

dans

qu'ilpuisse

"

feld-marechal

II

excuses,

"

rencognant'aussi-

c'est

Joseph.

que

vous

9a,

de-

"

doute

sans

9a."

seriez-vous

"

Joseph,

mieux

que

que
I'autre en

tant

Lieutenant

"
"

"Mieux

"

tomber

vous

de

rasser

Mieux

"

d'arreter

faisan,

que

**

que

de

sergent
pas,

"

la caleche

moyen

reur

monsieur."

Lui-meme,"

'*
"

militaire,

oui, lieutenant;

"

''Mieux

est

il recevait

dont

tour," dit

votre

Monsieur

*'
"

"All!

**
"

Comme

"
"

celui

connaitre

*'
"

Nou
mon

mange

debar-

vous

j'entends bien
porte." Et il
"

139

Le

la

de

de

marchand

Le
dans

Marchand

Gateaux.

petitsgateaux

C'etait

rue.

Petits

son

heure.

vint

L'idee

passer

de

ger
man-

petitsgateaux se presenta naturellement a

fis un
esprit; mais je me
scrupule de ceder

des
mon

de

k cette tentation
c'etait
de

fa9on que,
crier,je restai
Mais

ceux

dans

un

laissant

le marchand

assis

fond

qui

au

ont

de

observe

attendre

mais

aucune

bien

induction

les marcliands

facheuse

et

chambre.

ma

petits gateaux savent conibien ils sont

la pratique. Celui-ci,bien qu'ilne
envers
tirait de cette
ne
point paraitre encore,
stance

oii

moment

qu'ilm'etait enjointde travailler,

I'ame

sur

la chair

pour

son

de

tenaces
me

vit

circon-

affaire;

la
contraire, continuait a crier avec
Seulement,
plus robuste foi en ma gourmandise.
il ajoutait au
de gateau I'epithete
mot
pressanto
de tout chauds, et il est bien vrai que
cette epi-

thete

au

faisait

Heureusement

des

je

dans
ravages
m'en
aper9us,

ma

et

moralite.

j'ymis

bou

ordre.

devoir, cependant, ne pas laisser dans

cet honnete
eon
erreur
industriel,a qui je faisais
perdre un temps precieux : je me mis a ia fenetre
lui dire,que je ne
prendrais pas de gateaux
pour
ce
dit-il,"je
joLir-la. Depechons," me
pour
suis presse..." J'ai deja dit qu'ilcroyait en moi
Je

crus

'*

"

plus que
"

moi-meme.

Non, repris-je,
je n'ai point d'argent,

"

Credit.

"

Et

"

"

puis,je n'ai pas faim.

Mensonge.
Et puis,je suis tres-occupd.

140
Vite.

"

"

Et

puis,je siiisprisonnier.

Ab

m'eunuyez, dit-il en soulevant

Bon
panier comme
pour s'eloigiier.
Ce geste me
fit une
impression prodigieuse."
Attendez
lui criai-je.
!
Quelques instants apres, une
casquette artistement
ficelle liissait deux
suspendue a une
petits
gateaux...tout chauds !
"

Vous

"

**

L'AVARE

has

(His money
Harpagon
voleur

an
{criant

voleur

au

Justice,juste ciel
Bine ;

m'a

on

Oii

est-il ?

le trouver

se

Oii

been

voleur

stolen.)
dcs le

I'assassin !

Je suis

la gorge

Qui peut-ce

argent.
Ou

coupe

MoLlfcRE.

DE

m'a

; on

assas-

derobe

mon

Qu'est-il devenu ?
Que ferai-je
pour

cacbe-t-il ?
?

meurtrier

perdu, je suis

etre ?

courir

au

jardin), Au

Ou

ne

pas

courir

point la ? N'est-il point ici ? Qa'est-ce ?

Arrete !
J^A lui-vieme, se prenant par le bras.)
Eends-moi
mon
argent, coquin...All ! c'est moi...
Mon
espritest trouble,et j'ignoreoii je suis, qui
je suis, et ce que je fais. Helas ! mon
pauvre
clier ami ! on m'a
privede toi ; et,
argent ! mon
puisque tu m'es enleve, j'aiperdu mon
support,
consolation, ma
ma
joie; tout est fini pour moi,
et je n'ai plus que faire au monde
I
Sans toi,il
G'en est fait ; je n'en
m'est impossiblede vivre,
meurs
puis plus; je me
; je suis mort; je suis
enterre.
N'y a-t-il personne qui veuille me ressusN'est-il

citer

en

me

rendant

mon

prenant qui I'a pris?

clier

argent, ou

Euli ! que

en

m'ap-

dites-vous ?

Co

141

n'est
fait

le

je

aller

question
fils,

toute
et

des

de

celui

liaut

qui

rire.

au

Ton

que

parmi

vol

saires,
genes,

des

que
des
des

me

arcliers,

et

potences

faire

pendre

tout

mon

argent,

je

le
me

ont

vite,

monde

pendrai

se

et,

moi-meme

si

je

bi

mettent

douto,
commis-

Je

je

sup-

juges,

bourreaux,
:

grace,

sans

des

ne

LV

cache

des

prevots,
des

De

et

part,

la

fait-on

point
tous

Aliens

des

parle

voleur,

mon

regardent

fait.

m'a

semble

me

est

N'est-il

qu'ils

verrez

Ton

de

qui

personne

bruit

qui

bles
assem-

gens

qu'on

Quel

la

valets,

tout

est-ce

dise.

lis

Vous

quoi

nouvelles

m'en
?

vous

et

voleur

mon

sait

Ton

de

derobe

m'a

Est-ce

plie

He

sur

Je

donner

de

Que

soup9ons,

que

Sortons.
faire

regards

mes

tomps

servantes,

epio

ait

on

le

et

aussi.

jecte

ne

justice,

moi

soin,

fils.

de

maison

ma

voleur.

mon

la

de

ait

qui

soit

ce

que

justement

traitre

mon

fille

clioisi

donne

me

ne

qui

beaucoup

querir

Je

parlais

veux

si

Ton

et

faut,

qu'avec

coup,

I'heure

II

personne.

des
veux

retrouvo

apres.

ENGLISH-FEENCH

YOOABULAEY.

aunt, tante,/.

avenging,
a,"n

(m.),une,f.

accent, accent, m,
accusing, accusaieur, m.
act, action,/.
active, actif.
actor, acteur(m.), actrice,/.

admira.hlj,admirableTnent.
admire, v, admirer.
after, apr^.
alter
to-morrow,

aprh-

d'^main.

afternoon, aprhs-midi,/.
again, encore.
against, centre.
age. dge, m.
m.
air-hole, soupii'ail,
alike, pareil.
all, tout, torn (m.), toute,
toutes,/.
alms, a?im6ne,/,nng.
alone, seul.

already, ddjd.
also, aussi.
always, toujours.
amhassadeur
ambassador,
(m.), ambassadrice,/,
amiable, aimable,
ancestors, aieux, m.
ancient, anden,
and, et.
animal, animal, m.
anniveranniversary,
saire, m.
annoy,
answer,

v, agacer.
v,

ripondre.

anterior, ant4rieur.
apple, pomme,/.
arm-chair, fauteuil, m.

arrive,v,
at.".

vengeur.

arriver.

hrofher, /rhre, m,
but, maw.
button, bouton, m.

button-hook,/M-e-"ou"on,fi

bad,

mavvais.

ball

(a toy), balle,/.

buy,

V, acheier.

baptismal, baptismal.
be, I',etre.
beak, bee, m.
beer, bi"i-e,
f,
before (of time), avant.
before
(of place), devant.
behind, derritre.
Belgiimi, Bdgique,/.
believe
(I), je crois.
bell, cloche,/.
bet, V, pai-ier.
better, meillevr,
better, mieux.
big, gros.
bird, oiseau, m.
birth, naissance,/.

hirthdaj, anmversaire(m.)
de

la

naissance.

bite, V, mordre.
by, par.
blacken, v, noircir.
boat, bateau, m.

bolt, verj'ou,

m,

book, livre,m.
boot, bottine,/.
both, tous deux,
brake

for

m.
pi.
shoeing, travail,

cat, chat, m.
cattle, b^ail, m.
cattle, le$ bestiaux, m.pl,
ceiling, pla/ond, m.
cellar, cave, /.

certainly, certninement,
change, v, change?-.
chapter, chapin-e,m.
Chai-les, Charles.
enchanJeur,
charming,
cheap, ban marche.

cherish, v, chirir.
cherry, cerise,/.
child, en/ant, m./,
Christmas, Notl.
church, iglise,/,
class, classe,/.
clever, habile.
coat, habit, m.
m.
coffee, ca/^,
collar, col, m.
collect, V, (of taxes) pei
cevoir.

m.

bread, j"flm,jn.
break, t;, casser.
break, v, rompr*,

break,

cabbage, cliou,m.
carriage, voiture,/,
castle, chdteau, m,

v, briser.

brief, bre/.
v, apporter,
broad, large.

bring,

broken, cassd.

collector

cepteur,

complete,
conceive,
concrete,
consent,

of

taxes,

complet.
v, conceroir.
cotuvft.

(imp"rat,)

simtez.

content,

pei

m.

content.

coi

144
hostess,hdtfssejf.jhmute.
house, maifon,/.
house (at the
ot),chez.
"

how?
how

comment?
? combien
many

how

old

are

de f

quel dge

you,
f

avez-vous

humanity, humaniti,/.
humility,humility,f.
hunter, chasseur, (m.),
(in prose) /.,
chasseresse (in poetry) ,/.
chasseuse

I am,

jesuU.

if,si.

leaf of a door, van'ail,m.

learnt, app?-is.
lease,Lail,m.
leave, r, laisser.

nail, clou,m.
de.
near, prh

legal,Idf/al.

neglect, v. ndgligcr.

lent,pril4.

negro,

neighbour, voisin,m.
neither.,

letter,lettre,/.

r\ever,ne... jamais.

Lewis, Louis,
light,lumikre,/.
lilac,lilas,m.
lily,lis,m.
listen,V, icouter.

new,

neu/.

new,

nouveau,

live,V, demeurer.

number, numbre, m,
nut, noix, /.

lose,v,pe7-dre.

important, important,

lost,perdu.
louse,pou,m.

imposition, pensum,
in, dans, en.
inferior,infirieur.

loyal,loyal.

no,

ni
.

ni.

nouvel.

non.

nose,

long

implorer.

nez,

m.

obey,

love, V, aimer.

m.

invade, v, enrahir.
invite, v, inviter.

often, souvenf.
how
old
dgd;
are
?
f
avez
quel
rous
dge
you
old, vieux,vieil,rieille.

old,

mfid,/ou,fol.
magnificent, magnifique.
major, majetir.

interior,inl6rieur.
it is,c'est.

malicious, malin.

f.
Italy,Jtalie,

homme,

man,

ais,marquis,
maitre,

master,

m.

m.

argent,

mother,

landlord, propriitaire,m.
language, langue,/.
large, large.
last, d^-nier, derniere.
late, tard; it is late, f7
est tard; he is late, il
retard,

lazy fellow,pareueiui,

much,
must

(one

must

peVible,caillou,m.
be),

il

/aut lire.
(I must), il/aut que
the subjunctive.
je... with

must

mute,
m.

m.

mh-e,/.
beaucoup.

my,

muet,

mon

phelinej.

papier, m,
pai-don, pardon, m,
parent, parent, m.
parish, paroisse,/.
patience,patience,/,
patient, patient.

minor, mineur.

money,

(in order that), n/r

(subj.).
ordinal, ordinal.
orphan, orphelin (m.), 01^

T^nge, page,/.

misfortune, mcdheur,m.
mistake, /aute,/.

savent.

t.

paper,

mme,mienne,/.

linife,couleau,m.
knight, chevalier,m.

outer

owl, hibou, m., h asp.

maxim,
maxime,/,
meat, viande,/.
milk, lait,m.
mine, mien, m.

kill,V, tuer.
kind, indulgent.
knee, genou, m.

(they), ils

lioness,marquise,/.

ar

une/ois.

open,

que

marble, bille,/.
It ar

sur.

once,

order

m.

beaucoup.

many,

jealoxis,
jaloux.
jewel,bijou,m.
iast,juste.
justice,/.
Z\iB,tic",

omnibus, omnibus, m.
on,

or, ou.

malignant, malin,

V, ob4ir it,

of. de.

mk,encre,f.
inkstand, ena-ier,m.

en

nor.

time, longtemps.

illustre.
illustrious,

est

ni-

r.iece,
nihce,/.

long, long,longue ;

implore,

know

""".),

let,V, laisser.

ill,malade.
v,

n^re

gresse,/.

less,moindre.
lesson, le^on,/,

(m,),""""/'.

peel, V, peler.
plume,/.
penknife, cani/m.
perceive, v, aperceroir,
person, person ne,/.
picture, taliUau, m.
/.
piece,piice,
"pen,

piece,morceau,

m.

145
respect,v, respecter.
return
(give back),

place,place,f,
place,V, placer,
f.
plate,(usiette,
play,V, jouer.
plural,plufiel,m.
poor

(t\xe),pauvre,m.

man

possess,

rendre.

V, possider,

post (for letters),poste,f.

posterior,post4neur.

rudder, gouvernail,m.

pour, V, verser.
power, puissance,/,

praise,v, louer.
prefer,v,prif4rer.
prepare, v, preparer.
present,prdsetU,m.
pretty,joU.
principal,principal.
prize,prix,m.
professor,professeur,m.
prophet, le prophkte (jn.),
la propMtesse,/.
protector,protecteur.
proud, ^;\
province,province,f,
prudent, prudent.
public,public,publiqtie.
punishment, punition,/.
pupil,M^ve, m. "f.
.

bourse,/.

purse,

reward, v, ricompenser.
reward, ricompense,/.
Ting, bague,/.
road, chemin, m.
rose, rose, /.
royal, royal.

push, V, pousser.
put up with, V, supporter.

sacerdotal, sacerdotal.
mime.

same,

satisfied,satis/ait.
saucer,

soucoupe,/,

save,

sauver.

V,

say, V, dire.
say, V, (a lesson), reciter.
school, icole (/.), college
(m.),pension, /.
school-boy, holier, m.
school-girl,4colihre,/.
scissors,les ciseaux, m. pi.
scold, V, gi'onder.
secret, secret.
see
(to see to), v, veiller di.
seen,

vu.

self,mtme.
selfish,4goiste.
sell,V, vendre.
servant, le domestique (m.),

ladom^stique,/.
quarter, trimestre, m.
quarter's rent,terme,
quick, vi/.
quickly, vite.
quiet,

several,plusieurs.
m.

coi.

quill,plume (/.) (Toie,

shepherd,
berger
bergb'e,f.
shine, v, briller.

crier.

silk-handkerchief, /ou-

read, lu.
ready, prit.

lard,

receive,v, recevoir,
received,re^u.
recite, v, idcitcr.
recovers

red,
red,

(he),il

se

remet.

rouge.
roujc.

reflect,
v, r4flichir d.

m.

sing,t),chanter.
singer,chanteur, m.
sinner, picheur
picheresse,f.
sister,soeur,/.

did,m.

summer,

superior, sup4rieur.
sure
to, sHr de.
sweet, doux.
(m.).
swimmer,
nageur

nageuse,/.

m
tailor,tailleur,
take, prends.

tale, conte, m.
talkative, causeur,
task, devoir, m.
tax, impdt, m.
tax-collector, percepteur,
that, cfila.
tea, th6, m.
tear

"h.vit,v,/ermer.

rain, pluie,/.

chagrin, m.

Spain, Espagne,/.
speak, V, parler.
spill,V, 7-enverser.
spite (in spite ot),malgr6,
window.
stained
glass
vitrail,m.
staircase, escalier,m.
station, gare,/.
stiS,raid^, empes4
still,encore.
strict,sii'hre.
strike, v, /rapper,
strong,/ort.
study, V, itudier.
stupid, stupide.
succeed, v, riussir.
succeed
to, v,succMer d

m.

(m.),

shoe, soulie?;m.
short, court.

shout, V,

sorrow,

up,v,

ddchirer.

ten, dlv.
tenderly, tendrement.
terminate, v, terminer.
tiger, tigre (m.), tigresse,
/
time, temps, m.
thank
merci, je vous
you,
remercie.

(w.),

sleeps (he), i7dor^

small, petit.
soft, mou, mol.

il y a, roilii.

there

are,

there

is,ily a,
le

thine,

void.

tien

(m.),

la

tienne, /.

thing, chose,/,
til13, ceci.

refuse, v, re/user.

something, quelque chose,

rent

(quarter's),terme, m.
repent of,v, se repeniirde.

son,

sooner,

plus tdt.

(m.); eet (m.);

( '.); ces {pi.).
thought, pensde,/.

teplete,
replet.

sooner

{vMiQT),plut6t.

thousand, miUe,millier"

fils,m.

this,

ce

cette

146
throw

away"/"tof,

inquiet.
unhappy, malheureux.

who, qui.

upset, renversi,

will

uneasy,

chy, ta, f.
tie,cravale, f.
timid, timide.
to,d.

to-morrow,

tt-h,fort.

very,

touch,

vicious, vicieux.
village,village,m,
voice, voix,f.

17,

toucher,

touched, toticM.
town, ville,
f.
toy,joujou, m,
translation, tradtiction,
/^
version, f.
traveller, voyageur

twin, jumeau.

two, deux.
U

oncle,m.

under, sous.

work,
work,

A"M.

i,

to or

avoir

at.

you.

water, eau,
we,

f,

year,
I am

nous.

weather, temps, m,
week, semaine, /.
well, bien.
what, quel (m.), quelle,/.
when, quand.

where, ait.
which, quel (m.), quelle,/.

dix

yes,

ans.
QUI.

yon,

vous.

(the),le petit.

young

age,

ai

accompanied.

admirablement,

ro//*".

afln que,

to

in order

that.

affaire, business,
to

agacer,

annoy,

fige,olcL
age,

(j'),/ have.
aidant, helping.
rably.
admi-

aieul, grandfattu^t
aieux,

admirer,
adressa

Jei/ne,m.

yom-tg,

actrice,acU-esM.

adore

accent.

ten

yesterday, hier,
yet, encore.

acheter, to buy.
achet6, bought.
achevons, let us finish.
actif, active,
action, act.
acteur, actor,

accent,

accusateur, 'uxusing,
acbetant, buyuig.

(m.), ann4e, /.;

years old, t'ai

an

VOCABULARY.

adieu, good-bye.

on

abord

accompagne,

travail,

besoin.

n", forsaken.
(d'),firstly.
abreuver, to water,
absence, absence,

Bband

ouvrage,

workman,
ouvrier, m.
workwoman,
ouvrihre, f.
worse, pire (adj.),
pis,adv.

white,blancim.),
blanche,/. your,

i toi (je suls), 1 shall be

ready for you, I sluill be
with

V, travaille,

watch, monlre,/,

FEENCH-ENGLISH

a,

sans.

femme,/

woman,

waistcoat, gilet,m.
for,v, attendre.

(m.), want,

".ray,
plateau, m.
tree, arbre, m.
Turkish, turc, m., turque,/.
twice, deux foU.

nnclc

without,

wait

f.

voyageuse,

voulet.

wine, vin, m.

too

much, trop.
top, t"upie,f.

veiix.

winter, hiver,m.,h mute.

wished, voulu.
with, avec.

vain, vain.
vainly, vainement.

demain.

(I), je

(you), vous
wind, vent, m.

to-day, avjourcChttU
together, ensemble.

will

admire.

i.Y\,Iad"re.
(8"", applied

add^-cssed.
' Hdv(scsiUi,
adiiersiii/.

ancestors.

aiguille, needle.
aimable, amiablek
aimant, luvitui,
aimer, 'o Icve,
I t^iia".lovedm

147
a!n",eldeft.
aiijsi,thus.
ait {qaUX),that hemay have.
alle (je suis), I went.
Geivmny.
Allemagne,
aller,/o go.
allons, let us go.
alors, then.

bien que, aWiougK

biere, beer.

assemble, meeting.
assembles, assembled,

\i\lovL,jeicel.

enough,

assez,

bille,marble.
blauchi, whitened.

assiette,plate.
Athalie, Athalia,
attend

blasphemer,

re, to wait.

au,

ambassadrice, /.,ambassa-

auberge, inn,

bon

dress.
ame, sovl.

aujourd'hui, to-day,

bont6, kindness,

B,mi,fnend.
fi~iendsMp.
araiti6,

auparavant,
auprfes,near.

an,

aura,

an

year.
nee,

year.
ancien, ancient.
ancre,

anchor.

Anglais, English,
animal, animal.
niversaire, anniversary.
anterieur, anterior.
Antoine, Anthony.
apercevoir, to perceive.
aper9oit,perceives.
an

will

cheap,

bout, end,
bourreau, executioner,

before,

bourse, purse.

have.

bouton, button.

aurait, would have,

aussi, also, as, so.
aussitot, directly,
autel, altar.
autour
de, around.
autre, other.

boutonnde, buttoned,
bras, aim.
brave, brave.
bref brief.
,

briller,to shine.
briser, to break.
{i\),hebreak$,
bruit, noise.

formerly.
autrefois,
avait, fiad.
avait (ily), there
avant, before.

march6,

bottine, boot.

alms.

aumone,

blaspheme.

good.
bonheur, happiness.

the.

to

to

bon.

attends, wait.

brise
teas,

miser.
avare,
perceived.
I
avarice,
avarice,
(je
m'en),
ceived
peraper(;us

aper^u

avec,

with.

9a, thnt.

peixdved.
aper5Tit,

avez,

have.

apparat, show.
appartint, belonged.
appliques, adapted.
ajiporter, to bring.
apportdi, brought.
/ learn.
apprends (j'),
apprennant, learnt.
appris, learnt.
approchait, appj'oched.
aprfes,after.
apres-midi, afternoon.
Arabe, Arabian.
arbre, tree.
archers, bowmen.
argent, money.
arm6e, army.
arracher, to take away.

avidite,avidity.

cacher, to hide, to conceal,

cache, //'om cacher,
cache, concealed.
cadeau, gift.
caduc, decayed by age,
cafo, coffee.

it.

avoir,
avons

avoue,

to have.

(nous), we have,
acknowledge.

ayant, having.

ca.\\\o\x,
pebble.
bague, ring.
baigner, to bathe,
bail, lease.
balle, ball.
baptismal, baptismal.
bataille, battle,
bntoau, boat,
beau, Jine.
baaucoup, mvch. many.
bel (m.), belle (f.).Jine,

calcul, calculation.
cal6che, open carriage,
camarade, comrade.
(rats en),
fall to again.
penknife.

campag'ue
rats

canif

singer.

capltaine, captain.
capital, capital.

aiTfite I stop !

Belgiqug. Belgium.

CUT,

caravane,

assassin, murderer.

bcni, blessed.
b^nit, blesses.
berger, shepherd.
betail, cattle.
bee, beak.
b6nin, good-natured.
besoin, want.
besoin
(avoir), to tcant.

murdered.
ftasassine,

bien,well,vei-y, indeed,

arriver, arrive, happen,

arrivera, will arrive.
artistement, skilfully.
as,

has

th^

cantatrice,/.,professiona

arrete, stopped.
an-iva, arrived,

aiTivent, arrive.

country.

campagne,

f 07'.
caravan.

cardeur, wool-carder,
cas, case.

casquette, cap.
casse,
cause,
cause

causeur,
"

broken.
cause.

de

(".),owaccount
talkative,

cave, cellar.

of,

148
ce, tMs.

stance.
circonstance,circum-

ceci, this,
odder, fo give way,

corriger,to

correct.

corrompre,

to

c6t6

celui qui, he who.

ciseaux, scissors.
citadin,city rat,

cela, that.
celui-ci,this one.
cependant, however.
hoop.
cerceau,

civil,civil.
clart6, clearnest,
classe, class.
cloche, bell.

couchcrent

certainement, cei-tainly.
cerise,chen-y.

clou, nail,
coi,quiet.

couper,

ces, these

col, collar.

cour,

cesse,

or

thote,

ceases.

cette, this,
ceux,

those.

chacun,"'"cA.
chagiin, so/tow,
chair,flesh.
chiileur,heat.
chameau, camel.
chanibre, t-oonu
champ, field.
changer, to chaitye.
change, clmnged.
chanter, to sing.
cliapitre, chapter.
charge, load.
chai-ge,loaded.

chateau, castle.
chaud, hot,warm.

chauiTe, warmed.
chemin,
chemin

road.
de fer,railroad

cher, dear.
cherir, chei-ish.

chercher, to look for.

cheval, ho7-se.
chevalier,knight.
Chez, at the house of, to.
Chez (de), ^rom
the house
of

chercha, looked for.

chien, dog.
chocolat, clwcolate.
choisi, chosen.

chose, tMtig.
Colomb
(Christophe),
Christopher Columbus.
chou, cabbage.
choucroute, sauerkraut,
ci-dessous,liere below,
del, heaven.
cieux, heavens,
ciuq,fii-e.

to cut.

yard.

courage,

courlr, to

point.
wJien.

begin,

commence,

hoic,

comment,

commenpait, began.
commis, committed.
commencement,
begtTining.
commissaires, policemen.
companion.
compagnon,
ingly.
obligcomplaisamment,

courage,
run.

cousin, cousin,
court, s?io"-t.
couteau, knife.
couvercle, lid.
convert, the cloth,the din.-

things,

ner

crainte,fear.
crapaud, toad,
cravate, tie.

crddit,credit.
cri, cry,

criait,called.
criant, calling,
crier,to call.
crier, to shotit.

huntrext,
chassercsse,/,

chat, cat.

blow.

coup,

coupable, guilty.
bj'ougham,
coupe,

school.
college,college,

est

(ils se), they

to bed,

went

combattons, tee fight.

combattre, to fight.
combien, /tow, how many.
comble
(k son), at its highcorame,

corrupt,

close by.
(bi),
couche, lying.

complet, complete.
conducteur, conductor.

conduisait,

conducted,

makes

cru,

believed.

cruel, cruel.

drove.
confond

crois (je),I believe,

croyait,believed.

(se) (en excuses),

end
of excuses.

no

colonel, colonel.
concevoir, to conceive,
holiday.
conge,
connais, know.
connaissance, knowledge.
connaitre, to know.
concrete, concrete.
consentir, consent.
considerable, considerable.
consolation, consolation.
conte, tale.

contenait, contained.
content, satisjied.

crus

crut

Qe), J believed.
he believed,
(il),

cuir,leather.

dame, lady.
dans, in.
dattes, dates,
de, of

or

from.

d6barboniller

(se),to wash

one's face.

ddban-asser

(vous),
yourself of,
debout, vp,

d6cevoir, to

to rid

deceive,

continuait, continued.
continuferent, continued
contraire (au), on tfie contrary.

docerner, to award,
ddchirer, to tear.
d6couvert, uncovered, also

contre, against,
convive, guest,

ddcouverte, discovery,
defaut,/au".
d6fendre
to defend.
d6fenseur, defender.

discovered.

coquin, rascal,
corail, coral.

149
Mj^, alreadp.
d^jefiner,braikfa^

doda, plump.
6oigt,fl7iger.

emperenr,

d^licieux, delicious.
deniain, to-morrow.
demanda, asked.
demeure, residence.
demeurer, to reside,
let us
d6pechons,
haste, quick.
d6p6cher
(se), to

doit, owes.

empoisonnaient, poisoned,

domestique,
done,
make
make

haste.
to

depend,

then.

d"rt

dir6h6, stolen.
derri6re, behind.
dcs, of or from the.
dte, from, as soon as,

(je),

en,

encore,
encre,

shall give.

enfant, child.

enferm6, shut up.

enjoint de (11 m'otait),1

he sleeps.
(il),

have

doute, doubt.
douter, to doubt.
doux, sweet, gentle.
drapeau,/"gr.

descendit, set

ddsirais (je),I desired,

dessous, under, below,

ditale, packs off,scamper
[awai/.
deux, two.
devait, owed.
devant, be/ore.
dcvenu, become.
devient, becomes.

devinez, guess.
devoir, to owe, to
devoir

be

(s'),to be dull,
ensemble, together.
enterre, buried.
entendirent, heard.

(le),task.

d6vor6, devoured.
Dido.

DIeu, God.
difficile,
difficult.

digne, deserving.
dimanche, Sunday,
dina, dined.
dindon, turkey.

din^, dined.
diner, dinner.
Diog^ne, Diogenes,
dire, to say.
dis, say.
discret, discreet.

disparnt, disappeared.
dit, says.
divers, various,
divin, divine.
dix. ten.

water.

6claterait,burst.
6cole,school.
dcolier,schoolboy.
6coli6re, schoolgirl.
6cria

entendre,

cried
(s'),

to hear.

entends, hear, intend,

entendu, heard.

entiferement,entirely.
entrainer, to carry away,

crushed.

ecrasa,

to be carried

out,

^crire,to write.
6crls (j'),
/ write.
effectivement, indeed,

away.

entre, among.

entreprise,undertaking,
entrer, to enter.
entretien, conversation.

effcts,effects.
effort,effort.

envahir,
envers,

to invade.

towards.

6gal, equal.
^galement, equally.
^garer, to mislead.
^glise,church.
dgoiste,selfish.

envieux, envious,
6paule, shoulder,

eh I ah!

eiTenr,

Eliacin, Eliacin.
itlhfG,
pupil.
Clever,to bring up,
Clever (s'),
to rise.

es

6pie, watcJied.

^pitaphe, epitaph.
6pithete,epithet.

go away.

embellii-,embellish.
de (s*),
to seize,
empes6, starched, stiff.
emploi, employment.
emparer

employ^,

employons
ploy.

employed.

(nous), we

mistake.

(tu), thou art.

escalier,staircase.
Espagne, Spain.
hope.
esperance,
esprit,mind, spirit.

elie,she.

^loigne,distant.
Eloigner,(s') to
^mail, enamel.

to.

enniiyer

obliged, effrayer,to frighten,

ddvorer, to devour,
Didou,

eau,

orders

ennemi, enemy.
ennuy6, annoyed.

down.

let

received

enleve, taken away.

down.

descendu,
alighted,
down, gone down.
descendre, to alight.

yet, again, still,

ink.

encrier,inkstand.

dos, back.

went

in, into.

enchanteur, charming,

dont, of or from whom,

dormir, to sleep.

depuis, since.
last.
derm'fere,

descendis

(je)"I

poisoned.

emporter, to carry away,

emporte, carries away.
en, of it,of them, "Lx.

donna, gives.
donn6, given.
donner, to give.
donnera, will give.
donnerai

ddpendre,

servant,

don, gift.
to live.

emperor.

empoisonna,

em-

est, is.
et, and.

6taient,were,
^tais,was,
6tait,teas.
6t6,been.
^t6,summer.
6tend (s'),
extendi,
"tes,are.
^tonneraent, astonishment

160
stranger,/or"rf^"i.

feuillage,/o?tasr",

fiti-e.to be.

fi,fie.
ficelle,
string.

6tadier,to studyt
eu,

fier

eut, had.

g^n6ral, general.
instruments

genes,

d6jeftner,a first-rate g6nie, genius,

excuse,

filleule,
godchild,/,

geste, gesture.

fils,son,
fille,
daughter.
fini,finished.
finir,tofinisft.
firent, did.
fis,did.
fit,did.

gilet,waistcoat,
gliss6,slipped,
gloire,glory,

excuse.

excmple, example.
explication,explanation

explique, explains.
ext^rieur, extet-ior,
extremity, end.

extrcmement,

extremely.

people,
gdographe, geographer,
gens,

m,

gorge,

fait,fact.

fait,done.
fait,does.
do
faites-vons,

you

do t

fan^,faded.
fantome, ghost.
faudrait
(il),it would be
to ; J,you, dec,
necessary

my

gouvernail, rudder.
grdce (de), for mercy'f
sake.

gramraaire,

my faith, or
word.

twice, three

dec

shoicer,

must,

faate,fault, mistake,
faxori,favo2-ite.
aimchair.
fr.uttuil,
fuut (il),
it is necessary
you, he, dec,must).

frissonner,

strike.

thai.

femme, woman.
fenetre,window,
tiodal,feudal.
fer,iron.
fer (chemin
de), railway.
ferais (je),/should
do,
ferme, far-m.
fanner, to shut,
estin, banquet.

to shiver,

not

haWle,

clever.

habille

(toi),dresi

your^
'"

self.

habit, coat.
haie,hedge.

miser.

hate

(se),hastens,
haut, high.
haut
(li),up there,
h6I

eh I

hclas!

(2e),Ibet.

galop, gallop.
garda de (se), took

currants,
gioseilles,
gueule, mouth.

harpagon,

a
gage

scold.

hait, hates.
harangue, address,

fromage, cheese.
(/, frnit,fruit.
fut, was.

feia-mar6chal,field-mar-

to

gios, big.

fran9ais,French.
ing.
frappant, striking, knock-

tikre,brother.

engraving,
gravure,
Grec, Greek.

gionder,

fort, strong.
fortement, strongly.
fou, mad, foolish.
foule,crowd, quantity.
fresh.
frais,
franc, frank.

trapper,to

grandeur, greatness.

times, Gr^ce, Greece.

gr^le, hail, sometimes

fond, bottom.
force,strength.
forger,to forge.

tanx,false,

gj-ammar,

grand, tall,great.

fois (une, deux, trois,"c.),

once,

throat.

gourmandise, greediness,

"eiir,flower,
foi,faith.
foi (ma), upon
upon

knee.

genou,

flattsur,flattering,
fabrication,fabrication.
f4cheuse, unpleasant.
facile,easy.
fa(;on,manner,
faim, hunger,
faire,to do.
fais (je),Ido
faisais,did.
faisait,did.
faisan,pheasant,

tor-

[ture,

^veille is'),awakfis.
examination,
examen,

them,

of

Gfines,Genoa.

breakfast.
fille,
girl.
filleul,
godchild,

eux,

ineon"

veiiience.

Mk]e,faitftfut,
fier,proud.

had.

eiih ! euh

gfinerait, would

alast

hemisphere, hemispheres
care

to.

Henri, Henry.

Henrique, Henriquez,

heros, hero.
heroine, heroine.
gare, station.
heure, hour.
gjltean, cake.
heureusement,
happily,
gaz, gas.
heui-eux, happy.
gazon, grass.
gendarme, country-police- hibou, owl.
man.
hideuz, hideoxt^

garde-chasse, gamekeeper,

Ibi
matin, morning.

moina

matinal, early riser.

mol, m, soft.
xao\\e,f,soft.
moment, moment.

nous,

nouveau,

netc.

men,

nouveau

(de),again,

xnauvais,bad.
maxime, maxim,
"me,

me,

in6dit6, meditated,

self.

mSme,

even.

let

threatsave,

us

spare.

would

menagerait,

save,

spare.
to lead.
mener,

falselwod.

[you.

merci, tfuink,thanks,tliank

mercredi, Wednesday.
m6re, mother.
m^rite, merit.
m^ritent (ils),
merit.
tfiey
merveilleux, marvellous.
messager,

lord.

my
Sir.

montre, watch.
morality, morality.
morceau,
piece.
mordro, bite.
mort, death.
mort, dead.
mot, word.
soft.
mou,
mourir, to die.
moun-aient, would die.
mounxrent, they expired,
moj'en,

mettez-vous, place yourself

{sitdown),
mettre, to put.
/

am

dying.

means,

muet, dumb.
miu-, wall.

nage (k la),by swimming,

nageur, swimmer.
naissance, birth.
naissance
(jour de),birthdaii.

natation,
swimming,
navire,ship,
ne...plus,no more.
only.
ne...que,
ne
..rien,nothing.

meurtrier, murderer.
midi, noon.
mieune
(la),mine.
mieux, better.
so

much

(he

(au). in the middle.

soldier,militarymllitaire,
mille, thousand.
millier,thousand.
mine, look,face.

observation,observation.
observe, observed.
occupe-t-il (k quoi
what

does

8*),

he do ?

occup6, employed.
ceil,eyp.
ceuf,egg.
offert,offered.
oie,goose.

ou,

or.

oil,where,

ouvert, open.

oui,yes.
ouvrage,

nose.

ne...ni,neither.
niece.
nifece,

Pacific
Pacifique,
page, page.
pain, bread.

panier,basket.

name,

papa, papa.

nombre, number,
nombreuse, numei-ous,

stop to it,
mit (ilse),?ie began,
mit, pildced.
modestie, modesty.
mol, /, to me, me.

nommez-vous

moi-mSme,

non,

Tons) ?
?
name

papier, paper.
par, by.

(comment
what

no, not.

notre,our.

work.

ouvrier,workman,
oval,oval.

nom,

I put
(j'y),

ombre, shadow,
omnibus, omnibus.
on, one, they,you,
oncle, uncle.
ont (ils),
they have,
ordinal, ordinal,
ordre, order.

ortolans, ortolans.

negress.

mis

myself.

ob.icurci,obscured.

negresse,
neuf , new,

mineur, minor.
minuit, midnight,
minute, minute,
mis, dressed.

noindre, less.

oblige,obliged.

oil (d'),whence,

Noel, Chi-islmas.
noir, black.
noircir,to blacken.
noisette, hazel nuts,
noix, walnut,

ob^ir,to obey.

necessity,necessity.
negliger,to neglect.

nez,

man.

ordre

not one

orpbelin,orphan,

ne, born.

milieu

bon

nul, no,

ordre (j'ymis bon ordre)

I put a slop to it.

ne, no, not.

tant mieux,
better.

nouvel, m, new,
nouvelle,/, new.
nonvellcment, latrlu.

oiseau,bird.

^rire (ils
mettent
se),they
burst out laughing.

(je me),

we, us.

nouvelles
(des),new*
nuit, night.

messenger.

mets, food.
mets
(je),I put (on).

meurs

[body.
le), every-

[ened. montra, showed.

menageons,

laensonge,
mer, sea.

my.

monsieur,

(11),tiefeed*.

nourrit

monseigneur,

menaced,

menace,

nonrrir,to feed.

leaH.

monde, world.
monde
(tout

meilleur,better.
mime, same.
mSme,

(au),at

is

your

paraltre,to appear
pardon, pardon,
pareil,alike.
parent, parent,
paresseux, idl*.

153
to
parier,

bet.

parler,to

speak.

I sjjoke.
parlais(je),
parmi, among.
pavois^SQ,
parish.

pars

I go
(je),

away.

part,part.
part k (ils ont), theyhave
a

hand

prSt6,lent.

plat, dish.
plateau, tiay.

prince, prince.

divide.

parvenir, to reach, succeed.

he weeps,
plenre (il),

pas, not.

pluie,rain.

passant, passer-by.
paternel,paternal.
patience,patience,
pature,/oo"f.

Paul,Paul.

plume, pen.
plupart (la),the most
plural.
pluriel,
plus, more.
no more,
plus (ne...),

pauvre,

seveial.
plusieurs,

poor.

poids,weight.

p^cheuTf^sheiinan,
sinner.
p^heresse,

pomme,

part.

promenade, walk.
promend
(je me
suis),/
"

tfieapple.

/ thought.
pensais (je),
pensait (il),he thought.

portent

penseQe), I

to bear, carry,
poi-ter,
posant, putting.
poss^der, to possess.
poste, post (for letters'),
potence, gallows,

pens6e,thought.

porte, door.
porte (je me), I bear myself,
am.

Perses,Persians.
personne,

person.

personne

(with

ne),

tw-

took

propose

prO'

protecteur, protector.

[able.
wilt be

pouvait,was able to.

pratique,practice.
pr6f6rer,prefer,

provision,stock.
prudent, prudent.

public,public.
puisqne,

since.

puissance,pow^.
[be able.
that he may
puisse (qu'il),
puissions (que nous) that
we

be able.

may

pnits,well.
puni, punished.
punit, he punishes.
punition, punishment,

put, could.

prenant, taking.
prend, takes.
prends, take.

peu,/ew.
peur,/(?ar.
pent, can,

(je me),

(ils),they bear, propri6taire,

landlord,

carry.

premier,_/f;v".

body.

perte,lost.
petit,little,

walk.

promettre, to promise.
promis, promised.
prophfete,
prophet.
promptement, promptly.
pose.

imposition.
percevoir,to collect taxes.
percepteur, collector of pou, louse.
perdit,he lost.
[taxes. pour, to,for.
pourquoi, why.
perdre,to lose.
(tu),thou
perdu, lost,
pouiTas
p^re,father.
pouss6, pusfied.
perles,
pearls.
pousser, to push.
pensum,

prit,he took.
priv6,dep7-ived.
prix,prize and price.
prodigieux,
prodigious.
giously.

poisson,^sh.
portant, bearing.

penser, to think.

^master,

professeur,
professor,
proie,prey.

peine (k),Iiardly,
pendant, during.
pendrai (je me), / sliall
hang myself.
pendre, to hang.

think.

first.

prodigieusement,prodl-

point, not.

the

prisonnier,
prisoner.

plutot, rather.

paj's, counti'y.
p^her, to fish.

pret, ready.
prevot,provost,magistrati.
primaut6
(I'honneurde
la),the honour of being

principal,piHncipal headprison,prison.

plein,/uW.
he wept.
plem-ait(il),

in.

partager,to

place,p?ace.
placer,to place.
plafond,ceiling.
plaignait(se),complained.
plaisir,
pleasure.
plaisirs,
preserves.

quand, when.

take.
prendrais(je),/!;ioM7d

quant h, as to.
quartier, district,
qnatre,four.

preparer,to prepare.
pr6s,near.
phosphoriqne,phosphoric. present,present,

que, than.
[many.
que, t/iat.
for
combien, hoa
que

piece,
pi^cQ,

only.
que Cne...),
quel, what.

peut-"tre,
perhaps.

pied,/oot.
pied (i),onf"ot.
pique de (je me;,

I boast

of,I have pj-etentions

to
Peter,
Pierre,

pire.worse.

pl6ton,j"ed"tn'am

present (a), now.

]pTessante,p7-essing,
wgent,
presse, pressed.
pressd,in a hurry.

pressd (n'eut

rien

de

plus), icas in a great

hurry to.
he presumes,
pretend (il),

quelque,

some.

quelqu'nn,somebody,

qniiir,to fetch.
question,question,
torture,
question,
qui,who, that.

154
qnitter,to leave,to part

repose, he reposes.

quittez,from quitter,

to drive away.
reprenait,he took again.

quoique,though.

representation, representation.

from.

repousser,

R
raconta

I replied,
repris-je,

related.
(il),

raide,stiff.
rainas.se
(on le),one pick's
it up, it is picked up.
rapidement, rapidly.
rapporta (il),he brought
back.

rare,

lare.

havoc, avages.
recevoir, to receive.
recevait,he received.
reciter,to recite.
ravages,

togetheragain.

rdicompcnse,7-eward.
to reward.

reconnaissant, grateful.
re(;u, received.

s6v6re,strict.

rester,to remain.
he would remain.
resterrtit,
retire (se),retires.

si,if.

(je), /

find

again.

soenr, sister,

rave, dream.

soin,

reve,

dreamed.

revetu, covered.
revint
revu,

he
(il),
seen

came

again.

again.

riche, rich.
rien (ne...),
nothing.
rire,laugh.

rompre, break.
rose, rose.

regards, looks,eyes,
reliefs,
fragments,
remet
(il"e), he recovers.
xea\\A\\,,
filled.
(se), putting
rencognant
himself in the cornei:

rob, roast meat.

to

r6pandre,

shed.

r6parer, to repair.
repentir (se),to recent.
repliqua,he I'eplied.
r6pliqne,replies.
r^pondit (U), he answered.
r^pondre, to answer.
J answer.
r6ponds (je),
r^ponds (je vous
en), 1
I
assure
promise you,
yo u.

r^ponse, answer.

sombre,

dark.

sommeil, sl^^.
son, his,her.
dream.

songe,
sonner,

to

ring,

sent, they are.

sort,fate.
sortons, let us go out.
saucer.

somoupe,

rue, street.

rustique,rustic,the field-

soupQonner,

red.

rouge,

red, sandy,
royal,royal.
roux,

rat.

soupe,

(se), returning,
going.
sa, his,her.
rendre, to give back.
back.
sable, sand.
rends, retuj-n,give
renfermd, contained.
sac, sack,bag.
to spill,
sacerdotal,sacerdotat,
upseL
renverser,
saint,holy.
renvoyant, sending back
away.

care.

Eoir,evening.
soit,be.
soient,let them be.
soldats, soldiers.
sun.
soloil,

blew.
soufllait,
soulevant, raising.
would raisi,
soulfeverait,
Soulier,shoe.
soup^on, suspicion.

rendant

or

(la),his,fier.
signc,sign.
simple, simple,
six, six.
sienne

r6ussir,to succeed.

r^ga\,feast.
theylook.
regardent (ils),

rdpands, from

would

be.

revive.
ressusciter,

rivaux, rivals.
VQAingote,frock-coat.
riviere,Hver.
refuser,to refuse.
regagnait (la capitalc), robuste, sturdy.
was
going to the capital. roi,king.

r""Acontrer, to meet.

serait,would be.
seriez (vous), you

sergent, sergeant.
servante, maidservant,
ses, his,her.
senl,only, alone.

revendiquant,claiming.

receive.
refois,

recolle (on le),it is stuck

will be.

sera,

reprit,took again.
resist.
r"isiste,
respecter,to respect.

retrouve

rat,rat.

rocompenser,

rep fit,replied.

semblaifc,
appeartd.
semble, appears.

sais (ie),Iknow.
sait (on), they know.

salle,room.
samedi, Saturday.
sans,

without.

sauver,

to save.

savent, know"
scrupule, scruple.
se, himself,themselves.
sec, dry.
seconde, second.
secret, sea-et.

semaine, week.

tosuspecL

soup.

air-hole.
soupirail.
sou,
sous,

sou, a

half-penny.

under.

souvenir, remember,
souvcnt, often.
Spartiates,Spartan*
spectre,speclte.
stupide,stupid.

succ6der,to succeed,
suip (je),lam.
sxdt,follows.
superho, proud (mati).
superieur,superior.

snpplie,entreats.
support, support.
supporter, lo support,
snr, on, upon.
sure.
stir,
surpris,surprised.
Buspcndre,^ susvend.

155
travail,li'ake for shoeing vleille /, old.

tant,

much.

so

tante,

aunt.

mieux,

tant

so

much

the

better.

tapis,carpet.
taid, late.
tasse, cup.
tate

(il),
he/eels.

te, thee.
tel, such,

tendrement, tenderly.
tentation, temptation.
temie, quarter-'srent.

terminer, to

travailler,to work.
traversait, he crossed.
trfes,
very.
tr6sor, treasure,
triste,sad.
trois,th?-ee.
tromper, to deceive,
trompeur, deceiver,
tr6ne, thi'one.
trop, too much.
troubla, he disturbed,

trouble, disturbed.

temple, temple.
t"^moin, witness,
temps, time.
tenace, tenacious.
tenait (il).he held.

terminate.

th6, tea.
thfeme, exercise.
tigre (m.),tiger.
Ugresso (/.).tigress,
tien (le),thine.

Tnrquie, Turkey,

one.

a,

one.

uniforms

(s),unifoiin.
V

drew.
tirait,

vain

tir6,shot.

vainement, vainly,

tir6,pulled.

vaisseau, vessel.
valet, footman.
van
tail,leaf of a door,
vapeur,

turn.

(k votre), U

calf,veal.

ver,

your

turn.

trorl;
feraTail,

veau,

to

see

viens

vieux, m, old,
vif, quick.
ville, town.
village, village,
vin, wine.
Vint, came.
Vint d, happened to.

come,

woj-m.

verrou,
verser,

you

will

see.

bolt.
to pour.

version, translation,
verte, green.
veux
(je),/ win,

viande, m^at.
vicieux, vidotu,
vie, life.
vieil,
m, old.

saw.

vite, quickly.
Vitesse,miftness.
vitrail, stained glass-win^
dow.

vivre, to live.
voici,here is,here are.
voil^, there is,there are,
voir, to see.
vois from voir,
voisin, neighbour,
voit (il),he sees.
voiture, carriage,
voix, voice.
vol, theft.
voleur, thief,
vos,

your.

votre,

your.

v6tre

(le),yours,
voulu, wanted, wished,
voudras,future o/vonloft
voudrons, future of vonvoulalt. Tie wanted.
vouloir, to want, to wish.
voulut, he wanted.

ver-luisant,glow-worm.
verre, glass.
verrez,

come,

loir,
to,

vengeur,
avenger,
vent; wind.

tout, all.
tout (pas dn), not ttt all.
tout-^-conp,sudde-iy.
tradnction, translaUon,
trahi, beti-ayed.
train (en), at it.
trainer,to drag,
traltre, traitor,

traits,darts.

vase.

vendre, to sell.
vendredi, Friday.
venez
(vous), you

toupie, top.
tour

vapour.

vase,

veiller k,

jours,always,

tour,

en),in vain.

come.

(ils),
they
(ie), I come.

viennent

vit,

timi(ie,
timid.

tou

let him

violon,violin.

une,

toi,thee,to thee,etc.
tombait, he fell.
tombe (il),hefallt.
trmber, to fall.
ton, thy.
tot, soon.
touchd, touched.
toucher, to touch,

Vienna.

Vienne,
vienne,

trouva,

he found.
(il),he finds.
trouver, to find.
txo\xvkrent{i\a),
theyfound.
tu, thou.
tuer, to kill.
tuferent (ils),
they killed.
Turc, Turk.

wOl

comr.

tronve

nn, a,

hutton-hooi,
tire-bouton,

(voua), yoH

viendrez

horses.

ta, thy.
tableau, picturei
taillenr,tailor.

vous,

you.

voyait (se).he saw himself,

voyage, journey.
voyageait, he travelled,
voyagcant, travelling,
voyageur,

traveller,

vrai, true.
vu,
vae,

seen.

yeux,

view.

eyes.

y, there,to it,eta

tl^teal.