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Abstract
The coning problem for vertical wells and the ridging problem
for horizontal wells are very difficult to solve by normal
methods in the process of producing oil from the reservoir
with bottom water drive. For heavy oil reservoirs, this difficult
problem becomes more complicated for the non-Newtonian
properties. An innovative completion method with downhole
water sink was presented by dual-completed in oil and water
columns with a packer separating the two completions for
vertical wells and dual-horizontal wells that the upper well
produce the fluid over the oil water contact (OWC) and down
well the lower well produce the water below the OWC. The
unique technique may restrain the formation of the water
coning and ridging by adjusting production rates upper and
lower OWC and enlarges the oil draining area, which in turn
improve the oil recovery.
In order to evaluate quantatively the production
performances by using the new method, numerical simulation
technique was employed to find out optimal perforation
segment and fittest production rates from the formation of the
upper and lower OWC.
Introduction
Water coning has been regarded as the biggest problem during
the oil production from a reservoir with bottom water. The
phenomenon has been known for at least 100 years. The
theory of water coning has been discussed by Smith, C.L.1 62
years ago and some other previous researchers before him.
Resumptively, the occurrence of water coning is due to
pressure gradients resulting from well production from the pay
zone. The pressure gradients result in a water cone to rise
toward the bottom of the producing interval. The tendency of
the water to cone is offset or partially offset by gravity forces
since the water has a higher specific gravity than the oil. A
dynamic balance exists between the gravitational forces and
IPTC 10521
3.
4.
k k rw
div
grad w + qw = ( sw Bw )
t
Bw w
(1)
k k ro
div
grad o + qo = ( so Bo )
t
Bo o
(2)
k k rg
k k ro Rs
grad o + q g
grad g +
div
B
B o o
g g
( s g Bg + S o Rs Bo )
t
(3)
So + Sw + S g = 1
(4)
o = po + o z
(5)
w = pw + w z = po + pcwo + w z
(6)
g = p g + g z = po + pcgo + g z
(7)
o = f ( po , grad ( po ))
(8)
IPTC 10521
IPTC 10521
=
=
=
Subscripts
c=
g=
o=
w=
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
capillary
gas
oil
water
19.
Reference
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
20.
21.
22.
23.
1.0MPa=10 Pa
-3
1.0mPas =10 Pas
IPTC 10521
The values
300
17.0
10.0
7.0
151517
37.99
0.666
0.57
11.70
8.24
710
1.06
19.0
0.48
1.01
0.0 m /day
10 m /day
20 m /day
30 m /day
1038.0
1927.6
2693.8
3387.4
4013.5
1469.7
2660.1
3668.0
4554.4
5341.9
1916.5
3480.2
4843.8
6081.7
7229.1
2339.0
4173.5
5742.6
7144.9
8426.8
Sink 1
Cumulative oil
Cumulative
production, ton
water
3
production, m
4118
10654
5506
9066
6957
7816
8342
6430
Sink 2
Cumulative oil
Cumulative
production, ton
water
3
production, m
0
0
287
4760
637
9334
1226
13670
Sink 1+Sink 2
Cumulative oil
Cumulative
production, ton
water
3
production, m
4118
10654
5793
13826
7594
17149
9568
20099
The ratios of
Total Cumulative oil
to water production
3
ton/ m
0.387
0.419
0.443
0.476
IPTC 10521
IPTC 10521
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
0
0. 05
0. 1
0. 15
0. 2
2500
1174. 9
Fig. 6 Grids in plane
1177. 9
1180. 9
Relative permeability
1183. 9
1186. 9
1189. 4
Fig. 4 The rhythm of the sand formation
20
Oi l sat ur at i on(
40
60
0.8
Krw
Kro
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
80
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
100
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Sw
Fig. 7 The relative permeability of oil and water
100
Water-cut(%)
Grid z number .
Depthm
1171. 9
80
60
40
Production data
20
Simulation
0
2001.8
2002.5
2003.1
2003.9
2004.5
Production time(year.month)
Fig. 8 Water-cut match
2005.1
IPTC 10521
50
100
150
200
250
300
50
100
150
200
250
300
Two months
Cumulative procdution .
oil ton
Original state
10000
8000
0.0
6000
10
20
4000
30
2000
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
200
250
300
Six months
50
100
150
Twelve months
Water-cut
100
50
100
150
Current state(
0
0
50
10
200
100
20
300
50
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.55
100
Perforating interval
0. 0
80
10
70
20
60
30
50
0
Horizontal scale
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75
0.8
Vertical scale
0.85
250
0.25
90
Pr oduct i on t i me year
Fig. 11 The effects of production rate of sink 2 on water-cut of sink 1.
IPTC 10521
150
200
250
300
50
100
100
150
200
250
300
50
100
150
200
250
50
100
150
50
100
150
200
250
300
50
100
150
200
250
300
50
10
100
20
Vertical scale
50
100
Horizontal scale
0.25
0.3
0.45
0.5
0.55
0.6
0.65
0.7
Horizontal scale
0.75
100
0.85
Vertical scale
0.8
300
300
100
20
0.85
250
0.35
50
10
250
200
0.4
50
200
0
0
150
300
100
0.25
50
300
0
0
250
200
0.35
50
0.75
150
Original state
Current state
0.45
100
0.54
50
0.65
Perforation location .
from OOWC?m?
7450
OOWC
1
7500
7550
7600
7650
3
5
7