ArithmeticandLogical

Expressions

PROGRAMSUSINGARITHMETIC
EXPRESSIONS

/*

My 3rd Program printing values*/

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) {
int x, y, sum;
x = 20;
y = 30;
sum = x+y;
printf("The result is %d \n, sum );
return 0;
}

The syntax of an assignment statement is that

L.H.S. of equal sign contains a variable
R.H.S. contains an arithmetic expression
it is followed by a semicolon.
Execution:
1) The value of the arithmetic expression on the right is
determined using the current values of the variables in
this expression.
2) This value is then stored in the variable on L.H.S.

Assignment Statements in C
x = 20;
x is assigned the value 20
y = 30;
y is assigned the value 30

Assignment Statements in C
x = 20;
x is assigned the value 20
y = 30;
y is assigned the value 30
sum = x+y;
sum is assigned the value of x+y
x = x + 5;
x is assigned the value of x+5
(25 in this case)

/*

My 3rd Program printing values*/

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) {
int x, y, sum; // declare type of variables
x = 20;
y = 30;
sum = x+y;
printf("The result is %d\n", sum);
return 0;
}

The result is 50

/*

My 4th Program */

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) {
int x, y, sum;
x = 20;
y = 30;
sum = x+y;
printf("The sum of %d and %d is %d\n", x,
y, sum);
return 0;
}
The sum of 20 and 30 is 50

/*
My 5th Program getting values from
the user */
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) {
int x, y, sum;
scanf( %d %d ,&x, &y) ;
sum = x+y;
printf("The sum of %d and %d is %d\n, x,
y, sum);
return 0;
}

/* A better way to get values from the user

*/
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) {
int x, y, sum;
scanf( x= %d, y= %d ,&x, &y) ;
sum = x+y;
printf("The sum of %d and %d is %d\n, x,
y, sum);
return 0;
}

Yourfirstlabsession
LearnaboutbasicUNIXcommands
Learnaboutbasiceditorcommands
RunasmallCprogramtoprintyournameand
IITexperience.

Runningaprogram
1)Typeinyourprogram
Ifthereareerrors,Edityourprogram

2)Compileyourprogram
Ifcompilationerrors,gotostep1

3)Executeyourprogram
Ifexecutionerrors,gotostep1

4)Ifyouarenotsatisfiedwithyourresults,
Gotostep1

Toconvertyourprogramintomachineunderstandable
,useacompiler,likegcc.
LettheprogrambesavedinMy.c
>gccMy.c
>

Iftherearenoerrors,thenyoucanrunthecompiled
programusing
>a.out

form

AdifferentwaytoCompileandRun
Iftherearemanyprograms,theneachprogramcanbe
compiledseparatelyintoitsownexecutableform
Lettherebetwoprogramstest1.c&test2.c
Compilingfirstprogram
>gccotest1.outtest1.c
Compilingsecondprogram
>gccotest2.outtest2.c
Now,anyprogramcanberunbytheirexecutables.
Torunthefirstprogram
>test1.out

Declaringvariables

inta;
intyear,month,group_number;
inty,m,day;
inta,b,c,d(Notpreferred)
intNum_feet_in_mile;(toolong)
intf_mile

initializingvariables
Agoodpracticeistoinitializethevariablestozeroif
noothervalueshavebeenspecified,
Otherwise,thecomputerwillassignagarbagevalue
tothisvariable.

intfmile;
fmile=0;
0

declareandinitialize
Thesetwothingscanbedoneinonestep.

int fmile=0;

/* Computes the number of feet in a mile */

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) {
int fmile=0, ymile;
int fyard;
ymile = 1760;
fyard = 3;
fmile = ymile * fyard;
printf( 1 Mile = %d Feet.\n", fmile);
return 0;
}

/* Division operation in C */

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) {
int b=10,
d=4, m;
float c, r;
m =b/d;
c = b/d;
printf(m= %d, c= %f, \n", m,c);
return 0;
}
m= 2, c= 2.0,

/* Division operation in C */

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) {
int b=10,
d=4, m;
float c, r;
m =b/d;
c = b/d;
r = b*1.0/ d;
printf(m= %d, c= %f, r= %f \n", m,c,r);
return 0;
}
m= 2, c= 2.0, r=2.5

Accuracy of results
(1 /7.0) * 7.0 = ?

Accuracy of results
(1 /7.0) * 7.0 = ?
Do not be surprised if computer does not
print the result of the expression as 1.

Accuracy of results
(1 /7.0) * 7.0 = ?
Do not be surprised if computer does not
print the result of the expression as 1.
1/7.0 = 0.14285714285714285.
(0.14285714285714285.) * 7.0 = 1.0

Accuracy of results
(1 /7.0) * 7.0 = ?
Do not be surprised if computer does not
print the result of the expression as 1.
1/7.0 = 0.14285714285714285.
(0.14285714285714285.) * 7.0 = 1.0
(0.14286) * 7.0 = 1.00002
Computer has finite precision.
floating-point values are rounded to the
number of significant digits permissible

The MODULUS operator

The modulus oprator is used to find the
remainder part in an integer division.
a=38
b=7
a/b=5
a%b=3

OperatorPrecedence

Indecreasingorderofpriority
1.
2.
3.
4.

Parentheses::()
Unaryminus::5
Multiplication,Division,andModulus
AdditionandSubtraction

Foroperatorsofthesamepriority,evaluationis
fromlefttoright astheyappear
Parenthesismaybeusedtochangetheprecedence
ofoperatorevaluation
26

Examplesof
Arithmeticexpressions

a+b*c d/e a+(b*c) (d/e)

a* b+d%e f (a*b)+(d%e) f
a b+c+d (((a b)+c)+d)
x*y*z ((x*y)*z)
b/d*c

(b/d)*c

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assigningonevaluetomultiplevariables
Severalvariablescanbeassignedthesamevalue
usingmultipleassignmentoperators
a=b=c=5;
speed=flow=0.0;

Easytounderstandifyourememberthat
theassignmentexpressionhasavalue
Multipleassignmentoperatorsarerighttoleft
associative

28

TypesofvaluesonLHSandRHSof
arithmeticexpressions
Usuallyshouldbethesame
Ifnot,thetypeoftheRHSvaluewillbeinternally
convertedtothetypeoftheLHSvalue,andthen
assignedtoit
Example:
floata;
a=2*3;
RHStypeisintandthevalueis6
LHStypeisfloat,sostoresitas6.0

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LOGICALEXPRESSIONS

LogicalExpressions
Usesrelationalandlogicaloperatorsin
additiontoarithmeticones
Informally,specifiesaconditionwhichcanbe
trueorfalse
Evaluatestovalue0or1
0impliestheconditionisfalse
1impliestheconditionistrue

31

LogicalStatements
Ifcountislessthan100thenitisTrue
Ifcountexactlyequals100thenitisTrue
Ifcountisnotequalto100thenitisTrue
Ifmarksare80ormorebutlessthan90thenitis
true
ifbalanceismorethan5000ORtransactionsare
morethan25thenitistrue.

32

RelationalOperators
Usedtocomparetwoquantities.
<

islessthan

>

isgreaterthan

<=

islessthanorequalto

>=

isgreaterthanorequalto

==

isequalto

!=

isnotequalto
33

Examples
10>20
isfalse,sovalueis0
25<35.5
istrue,sovalueis1
12>(7+5)
isfalse,sovalueis0
32!=21
istrue,sovalueis1
Whenarithmeticexpressionsareusedoneitherside
ofarelationaloperator,thearithmeticexpressions
willbeevaluatedfirstandthentheresultscompared
a+b>c disthesameas(a+b)>(c+d)
34

LogicalExpressions
(count<100)
Ifcountislessthan100thenitisTrue
(count==100)
Ifcountexactlyequals100thenitisTrue
(count!=100)
Ifcountisnotequalto100thenitisTrue
(count<=100)
Ifcountisupto100thenitisTrue
35

LogicalOperators
LogicalAND(&&)
Evalutesto1ifboththeoperandsarenonzero

LogicalOR(||)
Resultistrueifatleastoneoftheoperandsisnon
zero
X

X && Y

X || Y

non-0

non-0

non-0

non-0

non-0

non-0

non-0

non-0

36

LogicalExpressions
((math+phys+chem)/3>=60)
ifaverageisequaltoorgreaterthan60thenitis
true
((marks>=80)&&(marks<90))
Ifmarksare80ormorebutlessthan90thenitis
true
((balance>5000)||(no_of_trans>25))
ifbalanceismorethan5000ORtransactionsare
morethan25thenitistrue.
37

negationoperator
Unarynegationoperator(!)
Singleoperand
Valueis0ifoperandisnonzero
Valueis1ifoperandis0
example:
a=80,b=70
(a+b>130)evaluatestoTrueifsuma+bexceeds130
!(a+b>130)evaluatestotrueifa+bislessthanorequal
to130
38

Example
(4>3)&&(100!=200)
4>3istrue,sovalue1
100!=200istruesovalue1
Bothoperandsare1,sofinalvalue1(True)

(!10)&&(10+20!=200)
firstoperand10isnon0,sovalue!10is0
secondoperand30!=200istruesovalue1
SincebothoperandsareNOT1sofinalvalue0

(!10)||(10+20!=200)
Sameasabove,butsinceoneoftheoperandhasvalue
non0,sofinalvalue1
39

Example
(4>3)&&(100!=200)
4>3istrue,sovalue1
100!=200istruesovalue1
Bothoperandsare1,sofinalvalue1(True)

(!10)&&(10+20!=200)
firstoperand10isnon0,sovalue!10is0
secondoperand30!=200istruesovalue1
SincebothoperandsareNOT1sofinalvalue0

(!10)||(10+20!=200)
Sameasabove,butsinceoneoftheoperandhasvalue
non0,sofinalvalue1
40

Example
(4>3)&&(100!=200)
4>3istrue,sovalue1
100!=200istruesovalue1
Bothoperandsare1,sofinalvalue1(True)

(!10)&&(10+20!=200)
firstoperand10isnon0,sovalue!10is0
secondoperand30!=200istruesovalue1
SincebothoperandsareNOT1sofinalvalue0

(!10)||(10+20!=200)
Sameasabove,butsinceoneoftheoperandhasvalue
non0,sofinalvalue1
41

Becarefulwithmixedarithmeticand
logicalassignments!
a=3&&b=4
Noparenthesis,soneedtolookatprecedenceand
associativity
=hashigherprecedencethan&&
b=4isanassignmentexpression,evaluatesto4
a=3isanassignmentexpression,evaluatesto3
Bothoperandsof&&arenon0,sofinalvalueofthelogical
expressionis1

Notethatchangingtob=0wouldhavemadethe
finalvalue0
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Becarefulwithmixedarithmeticand
logicalassignments!
a=3&&b=4
Noparenthesis,soneedtolookatprecedenceand
associativity
=hashigherprecedencethan&&
b=4isanassignmentexpression,evaluatesto4
a=3isanassignmentexpression,evaluatesto3
Bothoperandsof&&arenon0,sofinalvalueofthelogical
expressionis1

Notethatchangingtob=0wouldhavemadethe
finalvalue0
43