EGE NVERSTES

MHENDSLK FAKLTES
ELEKTRK-ELEKTRONK MHENDSL

G SSTEMLER ANALZ-1 DERS

UYGULAMALARI
Hazrlayan: Ar. Gr. Faruk UGRANLI

EXPERIMENT 5
Per Unit and Transmission Line Parameters

1. Objective
The objective of this experiment is to show the per unit representation of the circuit quantities
such as power, voltage, current and impedance. Change of the base also will be demonstrated
with an example. After, the transmission line parameters such as resistance, inductance and
capacitance will be calculated for single and three phase transmission lines, bundled
conductors, and double circuit lines.

2. Pre-Experiment

What is the advantages of the per unit system?

What is the skin effect?
How can the inductance and capacitance of transmission lines be calculated?
What is the concept of GMD and GMR?
What is the advantages of the bundled conductors?

3. Procedure
A) The per unit value of complex power and voltage,

Write the base impedance according to the circuit law.

The relation between the old and the new per-unit values is

Find the pu values of power system in Figure 1 for 100 MVA base and choose
20-kV as the voltage base for generator.

Figure 1. 2 bus power system

Draw the impedance diagram.
B) The inductance of the single phase lines as shown in Figure 2.

where

is the geometric mean radius (GMR) which is

Figure 2. Single-phase two-wire line

The flux linkages of each conductor can be calculated as follows

For symmetrical spacing of three-phase transmission lines as shown in Figure

3, the inductance per phase per kilometer is the same with the above equation.

Figure 3. Three-phase line with symmetrical spacing

For asymmetrical spacing of three-phase transmission lines as shown in Figure
4,

where

Figure 4. Three-phase line with asymmetrical spacing

If the composite conductors (stranded conductors) are used as shown in Figure
5, the GMD and GMRX can be calculated as follow

where

Figure 5. Single phase line with two composite conductor

Evaluate the value of GMD and GMR for x and y conductors.
Find the GMD, GMRX, GMRY and inductance of the complete line in
milihenry per kilometer of single phase circuit shown in Figure 6 by writing a
matlab code. X conductor has three solid 0.5 cm radius wires. The return
circuit is composed of two solid 2.5-cm radius wires.

Figure 6. Conductor layout

C) For bundled conductors as shown in Figure 7, The GMR of the equivalent single
conductors as follows

Figure 7. Examples of Bundled arrangements

A three phase transposed line as shown in Figure 8 has one conductor with 8 m
spacing. The GMR of each conductor is 1.515 cm.

Figure 8. Conductor layout for one conductor case

Determine the inductance of system by writing a matlab code

If the line is to be replaced by a two conductor bundle with 8 m spacing as
shown in Figure 9, determine the GMR of each new conductor in bundle. The
spacing between conductors in the bundle is 40 cm and line inductance should
be 77 percent of not bundle case.

Figure 9. The layout of conductors for bundled case.

D) The capacitance of the single phase line

where r is the actual radius of the conductors.

The capacitance of the three phase lines

If the bundle conductor is used, the r will be changed as follows

E) A 500-kV three-phase transposed line as shown in Figure 10 is composed of one

conductor. The conductors have a diameter of 1.345 in and a GMR of 0.5328 in. Find
the inductance and capacitance by executing the chp4ex2 in Matlab.

Figure 10. Conductor layout

The line is replaced by two bundled conductors as shown in Figure 11. Find
the new inductance and capacitance by executing chp4ex3 and compare the
two results.

Figure 11. Conductor layout

F) To compute of transmission line parameters, execute acsr and gmd2lc function and
solve the following problems.
A single-circuit three-phase transmission transposed line is composed of four
ACSR conductor per phase with horizantal configuration as shown in Figure
12. The conductor code is pheasant. Determine the inductance and
capacitance per phase per kilometer.

Figure 12. The conductors layout

A double circuit three-phase transposed line is composed of two ACSR kiwi
conductor per phase with vertical configuration as shown in Figure 13. The
bundle spacing is 45 cm. Find the inductance and capacitance per phase per
kilometer of the line.
If the circuit arragement is a1b1c1, a2b2c2, find the values again and compare the
results.

Figure 13. Conductor layouts