STUDY OF ELECTRICAL DESIGN OF

220KV SUBSTATION
PROJECT WORK
UNDER THE ESTEEMED GUIDANCE OF

Mr. Arun Kumar

Astt. Manager (Tech.) 220KV P.P.K II

Submitted by
Akshya
ROLL NO. - 05313304912
BATCH 2012-2016
H.M.R. INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT

ACKN
OWLEDGEMENT
Gratitude is not a thing of expression; it is more a matter of feeling.
I would like to express my deep gratitude to Mr. Arun Kumar , Assistant
Manager (Tech.), Mr. Tushar Patil ,J.E. (E) and Mr. Anil Kumar, Foreman and
special thanks to all staff working at DTL 220KV P.P.K.II SUBSTATION for their
active support and continuous guidance without it would have been difficult for me
to complete this project. They were generous enough to take time out of their
regular work to lend a helping hand whenever I needed one hand enabling me to
compete this project.
I also like to thank the entire staff of DTL 220 KV P.P.K.II SUBSTATION
for making my brief stay in substation a memorable one.

Akshya (05313304912)

DEPARTMENT OF ELETRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

H.M.R. INSTITITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT, DELHI

ABSTRACT
Practical Industrial Training mainly aims at making one aware of industrial
environment; which means that one gets to know the limitation, constraint and
freedom under which an engineer works. One also gets an opportunity to watch

from close quarter that indicates manager relation. This training mainly involves
industrial and complete knowledge about designing, assembling and process of
various equipments industry.
During this six weeks period, as a student, there is a great opportunity of
understanding Industrial practices. Most of the theoretical knowledge that has
been gained during our course is useful only if it can be applied to production
and services in the industry. The learnt is applied, tested, verified and rectified.
Apart from this the student gets an opportunity to learn latest technology and is
upgraded of the new trends immersing in the industry of interest.
I had the opportunity to utilize my six weeks summer training in DELHI
TRANSCO LIMITED, 220KV SUB STATION, PPK-2, DWARKA, SEC-16B,
DELHI.
I was a part of the companys new venture which provided me a great deal
of learning. My sphere of knowledge was expanded both at technical and
personal level. I not only got chance to work on Live Project but also witnessed
the related industrial processes and got acquainted to many of the prevalent
technologies.

INDEX
INTRODUCTION
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF PPK-II
VISUAL INSPECTION
220KV SUB-STATION PPK-II
ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS

 SYMBOLS TABLE
LIGHTINING ARESSTER
CAPICATOR VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER
EARTH ISOLATORS
LINE ISOLATORS
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
CIRCUIT BREAKER
BUSES
BUS COUPLER
POWER TRANSFORMER
POWER BANK
BATTERY CHARGER
BATTERY BANK
CONTROL ROOM
MISLLENOUS EQUIPMENTS AND MATERIALS
GENERATOR
POWER TRANSFORMER
EARTHING CLAMP
BUSHING
CABLES
INSULATOR
INSULATION MATERIALS
POLES

SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM

INTRODUCTION
Delhi Transco Limited is the State Transmission Utility for the National Capital
Territory of Delhi. It is responsible for the transmission of power at 220 kV and
400 kV level and for upgrading, operating and maintaining the high voltage
network. A transmission substation increase the voltage of electricity coming in
to allow it for long distance transmission
Delhi Transco Limited
Delhi Transco Limited, a successor company of erstwhile Delhi Vidyut board,
came into existence on 1st July 2002, as a State Transmission Utility of the
National Capital. After unbundling of DVB the distribution sector has been
handed over to private companies while the generation and transmission are still
with the government. Over the years, DTL has evolved as a most dynamic
performer, keeping pace with the manifold challenges that confront the ever
increasing demand-supply power situation and achieving functional superiority
on

all

fronts.

Being the capital of India and the hub of commercial activities in the Northern
Region, coupled with the prosperity of population, the load requirement of Delhi
has been growing at a much faster pace. Added to that, being the focus of socioeconomic and political life of India, Delhi is assuming increasing eminence
among the great cities of the world. Plus the vgision-2021, aiming to make
Delhi global Metro politic and world class city demand greater infrastructure to
enrich many services of infrastructure development. DTL has been responsibly
playing its role in establishing. Upgrading, operating and maintaining the EHV
(Extra High Voltage) network. DTL has also been assigned the responsibility of
running the State load Dispatch Centre (SLDC) which is an apex body to ensure
integrated operations of power system in Delhi. Delhi Transco is also committed

to promote energy conservation not only in its own establishments but also in
the entire Delhi. The company has done a lot to educate and sensitize the general
public about the need of energy conservation. Transmission loss level has been
reduced from 3.84 per cent in 200-203 to 1.38 per cent in 2009-10, which is one
of the lowest transmission loss levels in the country. To ensure adequate and
efficient power supply. DTL has been continuously upgrading its biggest
achievement has been its ability to handle the highest ever peak demand of 4720
MW in July 2010. The total availability of its transmission system stood
98.78%. The modern technologies are being implemented in DTL by way of
constructing GIS sub stations and laying XLPE 220 KV cable by employing
cable link techniques and would be the largest network of its kind in India.

VISUAL INSPECTION OF 220KV SUB-STATION PPK-II

INPUT CIRCUIT PPK-II

The PPK-II Sub-Station has two circuits. One is Bamnauli CKT-I and another is
Bamnauli CKT-II. In Bamnauli village, the DTL 400Kv Sub-Station is
established. The Bamnauli 400KV step-down into 220KV. The Input comes
through overhead transmission line. The Bamnauli CKT-I & II have common
overhead transmission tower. These circuits contain 220KV ckt-1 & ckt-2.

220KV PPK-II Sub-Station has two yards known as: 220KV Yard
66KV Yard
220KV
In 220KV sections, we analyses the 220KV supply. The installments and
arrangements of equipments are:LIGHTING ARESSTER
CAPACITOR VOLTAGE TANSFOMER

EARTH ISOLATOR

LINE ISOLATORS
CUREENT TRANSFORMER
SF6 CICRUIT BREAKER
BUS-I

BUS-II
BUS COUPLER FOR PARALLEL THIS BUS-1 & BUS-2
BUS-1
OR
BUS-2
CIRCUIT BREAKER (SF6)
CUREENT TRANSFORMER
LINE ISOLATOR
EARTH ISOLATOR
LIGHTING ERRETER
STEP-DOWN POWER TRANSFORMER 220KV 66KV
66KV
In 66KV sections, we analyses the 66KV supply. The installments and
arrangements of equipments are:66KV SUPPLY CAME FROM POWER TRANSFORMER 220KV/66KV
TO POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER

EARTH ISOLATORS

LINE ISOLATOR
66KV CURRENT TRANSFORMER
66KV SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKER
66KV BUS-I
BUS-II
66KV BUS COUPLER FOR PARALLEL THIS BUS-1 & BUS-2

66KV SUPPLY TO OUTGOING 66KV FEEDER THROUGH

66KV BUS-1
OR 66KV BUS-2
66KV SF6 CICRUIT BREAKER
66KV CUREENT TRANSFORMER
66KV LINE ISOLATOR
EARTH ISOLATORS
66KV CAPACITOR VOLTAGE TANSFOMER
66KV LIGHTING ARESSTER
66KV OUTGOING THROUGH CABLE OR OVERHEAD MEDIUM.

SR.

ELECTRICAL

NO.

COMPONENTS

Bus Bar

Power transformer -Three

SYMBOLS

Winding
3

Current Transformer (CT)

Circuit Breaker (CB)

CVT Capacitor Voltage

Transformer
Potential Transformer

Line Isolator

Lighting Arrestor (LA)

Earth Isolator

Wave or Line trap

SUBSTATION EQUIPMENTS SEEN IN 220KV AND 66KA YARD

1. LIGHTINING ARESSTER

SURGE LIGHTINING ARESSTER

AND WORKING

DIAGRAM

Lightning arresters (LA): Lightning arresters are the protective devices used for
Protection of equipment from lightning strokes. They are located at the starting
of the Sub-station and also provided near the transformer terminals.

RATED VOLATGE

220KV/66KV

ARESSTER RATED

198KV/60KV

VOLTAGE
OPERATION
VOLTAGE

160KV/55KV

2. CAPACITOR VOLTAGE TANSFOMER

CVT 220KV

ONE LINE DIAGARM OF CVT 220KV

DIAGRAM OF CVT 220KV WITH INNER PART
SPECIFICATIONS:PRIMARY VOLTAGE

220/3kV

SECONDARY VOLTAGE

110/3V

OIL TYPE

YES

INSULATION

PROCLEIAN

TYPE

SINGLE PHASE

FREQUENCY

50Hz
3. CVT 66KV

PICTURE OF 66KV CVT

PRIMARY VOLTAGE

66/3kV

OUTPUT VOLTAGE

110/3V

TYPE

SINGLE PHASE

INSULTION

Porcelain

FREQUENCY

50 Hz

OIL TYPE

YES

The lines in substations operate at high voltages. The measuring instruments are
designed for low value of voltages. Capacitor Voltage Transformers are
connected in lines to supply measuring instruments and protective relays. These
transformers make the low voltage instruments suitable for measurement of high
voltages. For example a 220kV/66KV/110V CVT is connected to a power line
and the line voltage is 220KV/66KV then the secondary voltage will be 110V.

4. EARTH ISOLATOR

5. LINE ISOLATOR

PICTURE LINE ISOLATORS

Isolators are employed in substations to isolate a part of the system for general
maintenance. Isolator switches are operated only under no load condition. They
are provided on each side of every circuit breaker. 6. CURRENT
TRANSFORMER
Current transformers (CT): The lines in substations carry currents in the
order of thousands of amperes. The measuring instruments are designed for low
value of currents. Current transformers are connected in lines to supply
measuring instruments and protective relays. For example a 100/1A CT is
connected in a line carrying 100A, and then the secondary current of CT is 1A.

PICTURE AND CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF CURRENT TRANSFORMER

Voltage class

220KV

66KV

CT Ratio Amp.

1/1A

1/1A

30

15

30

15

Type of connection

Single Primary

Single Primary

Earthing

Effective

Effective

Type of insulation

Class A

Class A

Rated Burden (VA) Core

-1
Core - 2

System Frequency (Hz)

50 z

51 z

7 POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
Potential transformers (PT): The lines in substations operate at high voltages.
The measuring instruments are designed for low value of voltages. Potential
transformers are connected in lines to supply measuring instruments and
protective relays. These
Transformers make the low voltage instruments suitable for measurement of
high voltages. For example an 11kV/110V PT is connected to a power line and
the line voltages 11kV then the secondary voltage will be 110v.

PRIMARY VOLTAGE

66/3kV

OUTPUT VOLTAGE

110/3V

TYPE

SINGLE PHASE

INSULTION

Porcelain

FREQUENCY

50 Hz

OIL TYPE

YES

8. SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKER

OPERATION DIAGRAM OF GAS CIRCUIT BREAKER

Circuit breakers are used for opening or closing a circuit under normal as well as
abnormal (faulty) conditions. Different types of CBs which are generally used
are oil circuit breaker, air-blast circuit breaker and vacuum circuit breaker and
SF6 circuit breaker.

Sulphur hexafluoride to other medium such as oil or air for the use in circuit
breakers for the following reasons:
(1) Being an Inert gas, it is non-reactive to the other components of circuit
breakers.
(2) Sulphur hexafluoride has high dielectric strength (about 24 times that of air
and it is comparable to that of oil)
(3) When extinction of arc is concerned it is about 100 times more effective than
air.
(4) Its heat transfer property is about 16times that of air because of its high
density.
Applications:(1) The circuit breakers are designed for voltages 115kV to 230kV, power rating
of 10MVA to 20MVA and interrupting times less than 3cycles.
(2) A typical sulphur hexafluoride circuit breaker consist of interrupter units,
each capable of dealing with currents up to 60000A and voltage in the range of
50 to 80kV.A number of units are connected in series according to the voltage of
the system.

Rated voltage kV (rms)

220

66

Rated frequency (Hz)

50

50

No. of Poles

Design ambient temperature

50

50

Type

3 phase

3 phase

Insulation

porcelain

porcelain

(C)

9. 220KV BUS-I & BUS-II AND 66KV BUS-I & II 66KV BUS-II

This arrangement is also known as duplicate bus-bar system. It consists of two

bus-bars main and spare of same capacity. Incoming line and outgoing lines
can be connected to either bus by means of bus coupler breaker and isolators.
Continuity of supply to the circuit can be maintained during maintenance of
main bus-bar or fault occurring on it. Three incoming lines and three outgoing
lines are connected to either bus by a bus coupler.

DIAGRAM OF THE BUS BAR

10.

BUS COUPLER

SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF BUS COUPLER

Bus coupler is used in sub-station for changing the source of supply without
interrupting the transmission. Let we have two source feeders A1 (220KV) &
A2 (220KV). And initially A1 is connected via transfer bus, main bus, and bus
coupler 1 to transformer. Now we want to change source feeder A1 with A2, the
Bus coupler comes into play. 1st we connect all three phases of feeder A2 to
Transfer bus which in turn connected to main bus in parallel to transfer bus of
feeder A1.Since both are in parallel so there neither be any damage nor any
interruption in supply takes place. Thus we have same value (132KV) supply
from combined sources in our main bus. Now we connect the bus coupler of A2
and disconnect bus coupler of A1. Next, we remove the transfer bus connection
of A1 from main bus followed by disconnecting all three phases.
Now our supply is completely through feeder A2 and bus coupler 2.

11.

POWER TRANSFORMER

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

12.

POWER BANK

In a Sub-Station, the power bank is play most important role and power bank is
heart of the sub-station. The power bank contains two most important parts are: BATTERY CHARGER
BATTERY BANK
BATTERY CHARGER:DC systems are installed in substations to supply power for control, protection,
alarms, communications, and other critical auxiliary circuits where maximum
reliability of supply is essential.
The battery charger is device which converts AC into DC supply. The
battery charger charges the battery in the battery bank. Battery charger/Battery
Bank

providing the DC supply power to the control emergency lighting,

protection relays, alarms, communications and other equipment.

BATTERY BANK
Battery Bank has many batteries. These batteries are connecting in series one by
one. The battery bank is connected with battery charger. In PPK-II Sub-Station
has approx one hundred ten batteries. These batteries have 2v cells which
provide the 110V/220V. These batteries have storing in open type room which
have many windows, adjustable fans.

13.

CONTROL ROOM

Control Room is remote control system in sub-station. It also has two parts one
is 220 KV and 66KV. In control room, we install the measuring meters,
indicator, sensing device and protection system. In control room, we use
Voltmeter, Energy meter, wattmeter, ohm meter, ammeter etc. in sensing system,
we use relays like mechanical, differential, electronic etc. and we also install
protection system like relays sensing the faults, over voltage, over earthing, high
and low temperature in equipments etc.
These relays are two type one mechanical and electronics. In control room, we
install the indicating system like alarms, indicating display, indicating circuits
like breaker circuits, isolators etc.

MISLLENOUS EQUIPMENT
GENERATOR
EARTHING CLAMP
BUSHING
TEST LAMP
CABLES
INSLUTION MATERIAL
INSULATOR
POLE

GENERATOR
Generator is used in Sub-Station to provide backup AC supply for substation
needs, when the AC supply from local transformer is failure. The Generator
gives the AC supply to battery charger and other appliances and substation
needs.
EARTHING ROD:
Earth Rod is type of protection accessory which use for proper Earthing.
Earthing rod is use during maintenance under shut-down of feeder in substation. Earthing Rod have a wire, clamp, insulated rod and hook.
CONDUCTOR,
ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR STEEL RAINFORCED (A.C.S.R)
Aluminium has low tensile strength, as a result produce greater sag which
prohibits their use for longer spans and makes them unsuitable for long distance
transmissions. So in order to increase the tensile strength of the aluminium
conductor, it is used with a core of galvanized steel wires. The combinational
conductor thus obtained is called as A.C.S.R. (Aluminium Conductor Steel
Reinforced). A.S.C.R conductor
The above figure shows, one steel core conductor wire surrounded by 18 wires
of aluminium. The aluminium carries bulk of current while the steel core takes a
greater percentage of mechanical stress.
Produces small lag and therefore can be used for longer spans.
A.C.S.R. Conductor gets deteriorated in service due to atmospheric
corrosion.

BUSHING
The inside of the bushing may contain paper insulation and the bushing is often
filled with oil to provide additional insulation. Bushings for medium-voltage
and low-voltage apparatus may be made of resins reinforced with paper. The use
of polymer bushings for high voltage applications is becoming more common A
bushing is a hollow insulating liner through which a conductor may pass.
Bushings appear on switchgear, transformers, circuit breakers and other high
voltage equipment. The bushing is a hollow insulator, allowing a conductor to
pass along its centre and connect at both ends to other equipment. Bushings are
often made of wet-process fired porcelain, and may be coated with a semiconducting glaze to assist in equalizing the electrical stress along the length of
the bushing.

INSULATOR
Pin type insulators.
Suspension type insulators.
Strain type insulators.
Shackle insulators.
Pin type insulators
A pin type insulator is designed to be mounted on a pin, which in turn is
installed on cross-arm of the pole. The insulator on the pin and electrical
conductor is placed in the groove at the top of the insulator and soft aluminium
binding wire according to the material of the conductor.
Pin type insulators made of glass are generally used for low voltages.
Pin type insulators made of porcelain can be used up to 90kV but are
rarely used on lines above 60kV.

Suspension type insulators

In a pin type insulator its cost is increased rapidly as the working voltage
is increased. Therefore pin type insulator is not economical beyond 33kV.
So it is as usual practice to use suspension type insulators for voltage
higher than 33kV.
A pin type insulator sits on top of the cross arm, whereas a suspension
insulator hangs from the cross arm. The line conductor is attached to its
lower end.

 Strain insulators
Strain insulators can be of pin type insulator or suspension type insulator. Strain
insulators are made use when making very long spans or corners of transmission
lines.
Shackle insulators
Shackle insulators can be fixed to a pole directly with a bolt or to the cross arm.
The line conductor is fixed in the groove with a soft binding wire. Before,
shackle insulators were used as strain insulator, but these days they are used for
low voltage distribution lines.

POLES

Steel towers
Wooden poles, steel poles, R.C.C. poles are used for distribution purpose
at low voltage (say 11kV), but steel towers are invariably employed for
long distance transmission at higher voltage.
Troubles regarding lightning are minimised as each tower acts as a
lightning conductor.
Steel tower has greater mechanical strength.
Longer life span.
Steel towers can withstand most severe climate conditions.
Steel towers are suitable for longer spans.

INSULATION MATERIAL
Porcelain
Most commonly used material for insulator in overhead lines.
Porcelain is usually weak in tension and does not withstand tensile
strength more than 50MN/m2
A good porcelain insulator has compressive strength of about 7000N/m2
and dielectric strength of 60kV/cm of its thickness.
Porcelain is mechanically stronger than glass.

Glass
Mainly used for E.H.V, AC and DC systems.
Glass insulator is cheaper than porcelain when simple shapes are
considered.
Under ordinary atmospheric conditions the glass insulator can be used up
to 25kV and in dry atmosphere, it can be used up to 50kV.
In H.V lines having voltage above 100kV, toughened glass is employed for
insulation.
Steatite
It is produced by mixing hydrated magnesium silicate with small portion
of clay and feldspar.
It has high insulation resistance.

 Steatite has much greater tensile and bending stress than porcelain. Thus
can be used at tension towers or when the transmission lines take a sharp
turn.
Synthetic resin
Synthetic resin is an insulator which is made up materials like rubber,
silicon, resin etc.
Synthetic resin insulator has high strength and lower weight.
Leakage current is higher and longevity is low.
Comparatively cheaper.
Used in various indoor application.
Synthetic resin insulators are extensively used for bushings.

END OF
TRAINING REPORT ON
220KV SUB-STATION PPK-II,
SEC-16B DWARKA,
NEW DELHI