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Exercises A
Note: Sketch the system diagram (use your imagination) and appropriate process diagram(s) for each exercise.
A-01 Two kg of a substance undergoes the specified process in a cylinder-piston arrangement:
p1 = 6 bar; V1 = 0.2 m3 ; p2 = 2 bar; V2 = 0.6 m3 .
Determine the work done (W ) in each case.
(a) p varies as a linear function of V . (b) pV = a constant. (c) p remains constant
till the volume reaches p3 = 0.3 m3 ; pV n = a constant after that. (You will have
to determine the value of n.)
A-02 An electric heater has a resistance of R = 50. It is connected across a power
supply of V = 240 V, for a period of t = 2 hr. Determine the work done (W )
by the power supply on the heater, and by the heater on the power supply. How
many units of electricity are consumed?
A-03 A system containing m = 5 kg of a liquid is stirred with a torque of = 0.3 kgf-m
at a speed of = 1000 RPM for t = 24 hr. The system meanwhile expands from
V1 = 1 m3 to V2 = 2 m3 against a constant pressure of p = 4 kgf/cm2 . Determine
the net work done (W ) in kJ.
A-04 Consider the situation shown in the figure below. The width of the channel is b,
p
o
piston
h
water
Ff2 Fi2
.
2AY
F = KT
L0 L2
where K is a constant and L0 (the length at zero tension) depends only on T .
Calculate the work (W ) necessary to compress the substance from L1 = L0 to
L2 = L0 /2, quasi-statically and isothermally.
A-08 (a) Show, from first principles, that when the surface area of a system, subject to
a surface tension , changes by a small amount dA, the work done by the system
is (dA). (b) A bubble rose from the bottom of a lake to near its surface. The
bubble was initially 1 cm in diameter, at a pressure of 2 bar. The final pressure
experienced by the bubble was 1 bar. The initial as well as the final shape of the
bubble was spherical, and its volume varied inversely to the pressure. Determine
the net work done by the bubble. For water, = 0.073 N/m. Which additional
assumptions did you make? Please comment on your answer.