MODUL

PROGRAM IBNU SINA

ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS

SLOT 1
-FUNCTIONS
-QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
-QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS

Terbitan :YAYASAN PELAJARAN JOHOR

JABATAN PELAJARAN NEGERI JOHOR

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SLOT 1

IBNU SINA
TOPIC : FUNCTIONS, QUADRATIC EQUATIONS AND QUADRATIC
FUNCTIONS
FUNCTIONS
1.

2.

Representing a relation
-

representing a relation using arrow diagrams, ordered pairs and graphs

using the concept of domain, codomain, object, image and range

Classifying a relation
-

one to one
one to many
many to one
many to many

3.

Expressing functions

4.

Determining composite functions

5.

fg, gf, f 2, f 3, ........

determining g from the composite function fg or gf

Determining the inverse function

-

Let f -1 (x) = y, then x = f (y)

the condition of an inverse function

QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
General form

ax 2 + bx + c = 0

, where a , b and c are constants , a 0

Properties
1.

Equation must be in one unknown only

2.

The highest power of the unknown is 2

Examples
1. 2x 2 + 3x 1 = 0 is a quadratic equation
2. 4x 2 9 = 0 is a quadratic equation
3. 8x 3 4x2 = 0 is not a quadratic equation
Determining roots of a quadratic equation
i.

factorisation

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ii

completing the square

iii.

2
formula x = b b 4 ac

SLOT 1

2a

Forming QE from given roots by expansion

SOR = b

, POR = c

x - (SOR)x + (POR) = 0
Types of roots for QE
i.

two distict / different roots

: b2-4ac > 0

ii.

two equal roots

: b2-4ac = 0

iii.

no roots

: b2-4ac < 0

QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS
Shapes of graph of Quadratic Function
[ f(x) = ax 2 + bx + c ]
If a > 0

If a<0
mak *

* min

Relation between the position of Quadratic Function Graphs and its roots
i.

graph intersects the x-axis at two points

b2-4ac > 0

ii

graph does not intersects the x-axis

b2-4ac < 0

iii

graph touches the x-axis at one point

b2-4ac = 0

iv

graph touches the x-axis

b2-4ac 0

Finding the min @ max value of QF using the completing the square method

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f(x) = ax 2 + bx + c

General form

= a(x + p )2 + q

If a>0

SLOT 1

After completing the square

min value = q
axis of symmetry : x = -p
min point = (-p, q)

If a<0

nilai max value = q

axis 0f symmetry : x = -p

max point. = (-p, q) ]

Sketching Quadratic Function Graph
i

Determine the shape

(identify a)

ii

Determine the position

(evaluate b2-4ac)

iii.

Completing the square

(find max@ min point and axis of symmtery)

iv.

Solve f(x) = 0

(find point of intersection with x-axis)

v.

Find f(0)

(find point of intersection with y-axis)

vi

Plot the points and connect them with a smooth curve

Quadratic Inequalities
Range of Quadratic Inequalities
Using line number
i.

Factorise

ii

State two values of x

ii

Use suitable method to find the correct position / area

iii

State the range

x<a

x>b
a<x<b

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SLOT 1

SET 1
1. Diagram 1 shows the relation between set A and Set B.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan hubungan antara set A dan Set B.

r
s
t

w
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
(a) State
Nyatakan
(i) the images of q,
imej-imej bagi q,
(ii) the type of relation,
jenis hubungan,
(iii) the range of the relation,
julat hubungan itu,
(iv) the domain,
domain,
(v) the codomain.
kodomain.
(b) Represent the relation by using the ordered pairs
Wakilkan hubungan dengan menggunakan pasangan tertib.

(c) Determine whether the relation is a function or not, give your reason.
Tentukan sama ada jika hubungan ialah fungsi atau tidak, nyatakan alasan anda

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SLOT 1

1
are the roots of the equation 3x 2 + bx + c = 0 , find the
3
value of b and the value of c .
1
Diberi x = 2 dan x = ialah punca-punca persamaan 3x 2 + bx + c = 0 , cari nilai b
3
dan nilai c

2. Given that x = 2 and x =

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3. Given

quadratic

function

f ( x ) = [ ( x + 6 p ) 2 5 ] + q has

maximum

point

T ( 3n , 15n 2 ) . Express q in terms p.

Diberi

fungsi

kuadratik

f ( x ) = [ ( x + 6 p ) 2 5 ] + q mempunyai

titik

maksimum

T ( 3n , 15n ) . Nyatakan q dalam sebutan p.

2

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SLOT 1

SET 2
1. Given that f -1: x 5 x , find
6
Diberi fungsi f -1 : x 5 x , cari
6
(a) function f(x)
fungsi f(x)
(b) the value of f 2 ( 2) .
nilai f 2 ( 2)

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2. The quadratic equation px2 3px + 6 = 3x + 4 has a root of 1 . Find the value of p.
p

Persamaan kuadratik px 3p x+ 6 = 3x + 4 mempunyai punca 1 . Cari nilai bagi p.

2

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SLOT 1

3. Diagram 3 shows the graph of the function y = ( x + 3) 2 2 p where p is a constant.

Rajah 3 menunjukkan graf bagi fungsi kuadratik y = ( x + 3) 2 2 p

5
0

( k + 1,4)

Diagram/Rajah 3

Given that ( k + 1,4) is a minimum point of the curve y = ( x + 3) 2 2 p . Find

Diberi bahawa ( k + 1,4) ialah titik maksimum lengkung y = ( x + 3) 2 2 p . Cari
(a)

(b)

the value of p and of k ,

nilai p dan k ,
the equation of the axis of symmetry curve y = ( x + 3) 2 2 p
persamaan paksi simetri curve y = ( x + 3) 2 2 p

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SLOT 1

SET 3
1. Given the function f(x) = x + 2 and g(x) = ax2 + b. If gf(x) = 2x2 + 8x 5 ,
find
Diberi fungsi f x) = x + 2 dan g(x) = ax2 + b. Jika gf(x) = 2x2 + 8x 5 ,
cari .
(a) the value of a and b ,
nilai bagi a dan b ,
(b) the value of fg (3)

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2. Given m and -3 are the roots of a quadratic equation 2 x 2 4 x = k 1 , find the value of m
and of k.
Diberi m dan -3 adalah punca-punca persamaan kuadratik 2 x 2 4 x = k 1 , cari nilai m
dan nilai k.

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3.

SLOT 1

Find the range of the values of x for which 3 x ( 2 x 1 ) 2 ( 2 x + 5 )

Cari julat bagi nilai-nilai x untuk 3 x ( 2 x 1 ) 2 ( 2 x + 5 )

SET 4
1. Given the function h : x
Diberi fungsi h : x

5x
, x k , find
3x 2

5x
, x k , cari
3x 2

(a) the value of k ,

(b) the value of x if h( x) = x + 2 .

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2. Solve the quadratic equation 2x2 6x = (x+4)(1 x). Give your answer correct to four
significant figures.
Selesaikan persamaan kuadratik 2x2 6x = (x+4)(1 x). Berikan jawapan anda betul
kepada empat angka bererti

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SLOT 1

3. The quadratic equation kx 2 + 3 = kx + 5 has two distinct roots. Find the range of values of
k.
Persamaan kuadratik kx 2 + 3 = kx + 5 mempunyai dua punca yang berbeza. Cari julat
nilai k

SET 5
3 4x
and the composite function fg : x 2 x 1 . Find
2
3 4x
Diberi fungsi f 1 : x
dan fungsi gubahan fg : x 2 x 1 . Cari
2

1. Given the function f

:x

(a)

the function g (x) ,

fungsi g(x)

(b)

the value of k such that

nilai k dimana

1
g (k ) = k
2

1
g (k ) = k .
2

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2. Given that p + 1 and q 2 are the roots of quadratic equation x 2 + 3x = 28 . Find the
posibble values of p and of q.
Diberi p + 1 dan q 2 adalah punca-punca bagi persamaan x 2 + 3x = 8 . Cari nilai-nilai p
dan q yang mungkin.

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SLOT 1

3. Diagram 3shows the graph of a quadratic function f ( x) = (x b )2 + c with the maximum

point at B(3,5). The straight line AC is parallel to the x-axis.
Rajah 17 menunjukkan graf bagi suatu fungsi kuadratik f ( x) = (x b )2 + c dengan
titik maksimum B(3, 5). Garis lurus AC selari dengan paksi-x.
f(x)

B(3 , 5)

C(k , 4)

Diagram / Rajah 3
(a) Find the value of k.
Cari nilai bagi k.
(b)

Find the equation of the curve in the form y = (x b)2 + c.

Cari persamaan bagi lengkung dalam bentuk y = (x b)2 + c.

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SLOT 1

SET 6
1.

Diagram 1, shows part of the mapping f : x ax + 3 .

Rajah 1, menunjukkan sebahagian daripada pemetaan f : x ax + 3 .
x ax + 3

19
4

Diagram / Rajah 1
Find
Cari
(a) the values of a.
nilai-nilai bagi a.
(b) the value of x if x maps onto itself.
nilai bagi x jika x memeta kepada diri sendiri.

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2. Given and are the roots of the quadratic equation 2 x 2 4 x + 5 = 0 , form the quadratic
equations with the roots 22 and 22.
Diberi dan adalah punca-punca bagi persamaan kuadratik 2 x 2 4 x + 5 = 0 , bentuk
persamaan kuadratik 22 dan 22.

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SLOT 1

3. The straight line x + 2 y m = 0 is a tangent to the curve x( x + y) + 8 = 0 .

Find the possible values of m .
Garis lurus x + 2 y m = 0 ialah tangent kepada lengkung x( x + y) + 8 = 0 .
Cari nilai-nilai m yang mungkin.

SET 7
1.

Given that g : x
Diberi g : x
(a)

4
, x 0 and the composite function fg : x x + 2 , find
x

4
, x 0 dan fungsi gubahan fg : x x + 2 , cari
x

f (x ) ,

(b) the value of x when gf ( x ) = 6 x .

nilai bagi x bila gf ( x ) = 6 x .

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2. Form the quadratic equation with roots 5 and

2
, state your answer in the form of
3

ax 2 + bx + c = 0
Bentuk persamaan kuadratik bagi punca-punca 5 dan

2
, nyatakan jawapan anda dalam bentuk
3

ax 2 + bx + c = 0
.

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SLOT 1

3. A quadratic equation 4x2 + p = 3(2x 1) has no real roots. Find the range of values of p.
Suatu persamaan kuadratik 4x2 + p = 3(2x 1) tidak mempunyai punca-punca nyata.
Cari julat bagi nilai p

SET 8

x +1
2x 3
. Find
, x 1 and g : x
x +1
4
x +1
2x 3
. Cari
Diberi f : x
, x 1 dan g : x
x +1
4

1. Given that f : x

(a)

f 2 ( x) ,

(b) the value of fg 1 ( 2) .

nilai fg 1 ( 2) .
.

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2. It is given that 3 is one of the roots of the quadratic equation 2 x 2 + 7 x p = 0 . Find the
value
of p
Diberi 3 ialah satu daripada punca persamaan kuadratik 2 x 2 + 7 x p = 0 . Cari nilai p

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3. The quadratic function f ( x) = x 2 + 7 x + b has a minimum value of

SLOT 1

1
. Find the value of
4

b.
Fungsi kuadratik f ( x) = x 2 + 7 x + b mempunyai nilai minimum

1
. Cari nilai bagi b
4

SET 9
1.

Given that f : x m nx , find

Diberi f : x m nx , cari

(a)

(b)

( x) in terms m and n ,

( x) dalam sebutan m dan n ,

the value of m and of n , if f

nilai m dan n , jika f

(15) = 6 and f ( 4) = 5 .

(15) = 6 and f ( 4) = 5

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2. Given that and are roots of the quadratic 2 x 2 + 6 x 2 = 0 and

SLOT 1

are the roots

of the quadratic equation x 2 9 x + k = 0 . Find the value of p and of k.
Diberi dan ialah punca-punca bagi persamaan kuadratik 2 x 2 + 6 x 2 = 0 dan
p p
,
Ialah punca-punca bagi persamaan kuadratik x 2 9 x + k = 0 . Cari nilai p dan

nilai k.

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3. Diagram 3 shows the graph of a curve f ( x) = 2( x + p ) 2 + q , where p and q are constants.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan graf lengkung f ( x) = 2( x + p ) 2 + q , dimana p dan q adalah pemalar.
f(x)
f ( x) = 2( x + p ) 2 + q

x
x

O
8

x = 3

Diagram / Rajah 3
Given the straight line x = 3 is the axis of symmetry of the curve and parallel to the
y-axis. Find
Diberi garis lurus x = 3 ialah paksi simetri lengkung dan selari dengan paksi-y. Cari
(a) the value of p of q,
nilai p dan q,
(b) the turning point of the curve f (x) .
titik pusingan lengkung f (x) .

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SLOT 1

SET 10
1. Given the function f : x 5 3x ,
(a) find the values of x such that f ( x ) = 10 ,
cari nilai x dengan keadaan f ( x ) = 10 ,
(b) sketch the graph of the function f(x) for the domain 1 x 3 , hence state the
range of f(x) corresponding to the given domain
lakarkan graf bagi fungsi f(x) untuk domain 1 x 3 , seterusnya nyatakan
julat berdasarkan domain yang diberi.
(a)

(b)

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SLOT 1

m
n
and are
2
2
2
the roots of the quadratic equation x + px + 12 = 0 . Find the value of k and of p.
m
Diberi m dan n ialah punca-punca bagi persamaan kuadratik 2 x 2 x + 16k = 0 .
dan
2
n
ialah punca-punca bagi persamaan kuadratik x 2 + px + 12 = 0 . Cari nilai k dan nilai
2
p.

2. Given that m and n are the roots of the quadratic equation 2 x 2 x + 16k = 0 .

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3.

The function f(x) = 2x2 + 6x 5 has a minimum point at ( h , k ). Find the value of h and
of k
Fungsi f(x) = 2x2 + 6x 5 mempunyai titik minimum ( h , k ).Cari nilai h dan nilai k.

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SLOT 1

ANSWERS
SET 1
1. (a) (i) r , s
(ii) one-to-many relation
(iii) {r,s,w}
(iv) {p,q}
(v) {r,s,t,w}
(b) not a function, p or q have 2 images
2. b = 7 , c = 2
3. q = 60 p 2 5
SET 3
1. (a) a = 2 , b = 7
(b) 13
2. m = 5 , k = 16
5
3. x , x 2
6
SET 5
7 8x
7
1. (a)
(b)
2
12
2. p = 8 , q = 6 ; p = 3 , q = 5
3. (a) k = 6
(b) y = ( x 3) 2 + 5
SET 7
4
5
1. (a)
(b)
+2
x
3
2
2. x + 13 x 10 = 0
21
3. p >
4
SET 9
m

x
1. (a) f 1 ( x ) =
(b) m = 3 , n = 2
n
27
2. p = 3 , k =
2
3. (a ) p = 3 (b) q = 26 (c ) ( 3,26)

SET 2
1. (a) f ( x ) = 5 6 x
2. p = 2
3. (a) p = 2 , k = 4
(b) x = 3

SET 4
2
1
1. (a) k =
(b) 1 ,
3
3
2. 1.758 , 0.7583
3. k < 8 , k > 0

1.
2.
3.

SET 6
(a) a = 4
(b) x = 1
x 2 + 2 x + 25 = 0
8 , 8

SET 8
1. (a) f 2 ( x ) =
2. 3
3. b =

6x 9
2
,x
3x 2
3

(b)

11
8

25
2

SET 10
1. 5 ,

5
3

(-1,8)

(b)

(3.4)
5/3
Range : 0 f ( x ) 8

2. k = 6
3. h =

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(b) 47

, p=

1
4

3
19
, k =
2
2

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