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EIVIL ENIJINEERINTS DRAWIN[=II

(For Second Year Third Semester in Civil Engineering Students)


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As Per C-Og

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N. SREENIVASULU
S. RAMA RAO

4-5-64, Book Basement, Beside Andhra Bank, Kothi, Hyderabad - 500 095.
Phone :2475 4430, Fax :040-2475 4431, email: rph_pph@yahoo.co.in

Rwised

&

PREFACE

Updated Edition 201 I-2012

Ci

This volume meant for Civil Engineering Drawing-I included in the Third Semester in
(C-09) for Civil Engineering Students includes Building Drawing and Simple Cross-masonry
works like Pipe Culverts, Causeways, Culverts and Bridges.

All Rights Reserved

.qr4roa,fctn.l

1.

As the drawing is the language of Engineers, he musl be well versed with dilferent
conventional signs, and symbols to be used for different Sanitury & Electrical Fixtures lct be
used in building drawings so as to present the drawing in a simple nenner ancl ut the same time

.'

making them more informative.


2.

No pARI oR full of rl-ris book N{Ay bt RtpRoducrd sloRrd iru


ANy Rr Rie vaI syste rtr oR I RANsrrn irrrd ir',,t ANy Ionrrn by

oI

eIecIRoNi(, rvrechnruir:n[, phoTocopyiNq, RECoRdiNq


oR or[-rrRwisI wirhour rkr pRioR wRiiIEN prRMissioru of
MEANs

rlre pubtishens.

The drawings are to be drawn in accordance with the speci/icalions and olher details so as

to work out detailed estimate of all the components. To achieve the above obiective, the quthor
has taken the necessary steps in presenting the drawings, specificutions and methotlology in
developing dffirent views of the buildings.

Pnirurirrrc, of books pAssES r[rnouqh MANy sTAqEs-u/Ririr,rq,


coMposiNq, pRooI nendiitq, pniNlin*q, EIC We IRy ouR [EVt[
bEsr ro rraakr rhe book ERRon- f ne e . lf ANy nristnke kns
irundvERTENTty cREpr ir,{, wE R[cjRFI iT qrud woutd be de e p[y
irudrbrrd To Thosr wko poirr iT ouT We do NoT tnke nrvy

Civil Engineering Drawing - I will be more meaningful and help the students in better

leqnl REspoNsibiliry.

understanding.
Though the publishers and author have taken every care to ntake the drawings sharp, neat
and meaningful, there is every possibility that few mistakes tnight have crept in. To make this
volume free from any mistakes, the author requests the Civil Engineering staff members to

T6*0-00

kindly bring to the notice of publishers to take appropriate measures.

I 85, 6673 0577

tu nft. Rf,DlAilT POBLTSHIIlG lrOqSE,


Hyderabad and other men who ltave taken keen interest and carried out the
Finaily, the author would like to express

Stockisls
Phone : 2474

to

The author would like to convey his sincere thanks to his colleagues who have encouraged
take up this work in the interest of the students. It is strongly believed that this book on

Phone : 2475 5596, 6673 0677


Fax : 040-2475 443 I

VUt. llEW BO9K TRflDERS

RfiDIf,lIT BOOK HOUSE

Shop No. 4-5 -62, First Floor,


Beside Andhra Bank, Kothi,
Hyderabad (A.P) - 500 095.

Shop No. 4-5 -62, Women's College Road,


Beside Andhra Bank, Kothi,
Hyderabad (A.P) - 500 095,

instructions in making the drawings to

utt&

his thanks

satisfaction. -

tr T] NTENTE|
Page No.
tn

4t-65

lry
' $i,.;'*',f, ft*' i

tlll

'ffi.,*
ffi'''"'

Exercise

Some of the terms usedvalues - Types of stairs.

,+
Conventional signs and symbols'
:.'=ffi;h,'.''

ent

-I

. ,:rj:ti.rjl

be
me

Important terms in building construction - Bonds in Brickwork


Exercise - 2

Doors and Windows


d.t
'?or

in

Door

frame Shutter

l t-14

Dimensions and sizes of door


: 1003 Designation and

shutter as recommended in I.S


sizes of doors & windows.

-3

Exercise

l2

. Trusses
ied
on

ter

t 5-20

King post truss Principle of construction Drawing


procedure Queen post truss Drawing procedure.
Exercise - 4

r6

-5

t8

Exercise
eat

his
tol

Planning and Arrangement Rooms in Residential


Building as Per Standards of Building Bye-Laws

Building Drawings and their Development

..

... ..

Exercise - 7

32

Exercise - 8

34

Exercise - 9

37

'*'Chapter

63

Exercise - 20

65

Short Answer Questions

44
46
48
53
55

57
59

6l

66.67

28-40
30

l0

- II
Exercise - 12
Exercise - l3
Exercise - 14
Exercise - l5
Exercise - l6
Exercise - 17
Exercise - l8
Exercise - l9
Exercise

..r. 2l-27

Exercise - 6

Exercise -

in-stairs Some of the guiding

39
Page No.

ir'&

tr T] NTENTE|
Page No.
tn

4t-65

lry
' $i,.;'*',f, ft*' i

tlll

'ffi.,*
ffi'''"'

Exercise

Some of the terms usedvalues - Types of stairs.

,+
Conventional signs and symbols'
:.'=ffi;h,'.''

ent

-I

. ,:rj:ti.rjl

be
me

Important terms in building construction - Bonds in Brickwork


Exercise - 2

Doors and Windows


d.t
'?or

in

Door

frame Shutter

l t-14

Dimensions and sizes of door


: 1003 Designation and

shutter as recommended in I.S


sizes of doors & windows.

-3

Exercise

l2

. Trusses
ied
on

ter

t 5-20

King post truss Principle of construction Drawing


procedure Queen post truss Drawing procedure.
Exercise - 4

r6

-5

t8

Exercise
eat

his
tol

Planning and Arrangement Rooms in Residential


Building as Per Standards of Building Bye-Laws

Building Drawings and their Development

..

... ..

Exercise - 7

32

Exercise - 8

34

Exercise - 9

37

'*'Chapter

63

Exercise - 20

65

Short Answer Questions

44
46
48
53
55

57
59

6l

66.67

28-40
30

l0

- II
Exercise - 12
Exercise - l3
Exercise - 14
Exercise - l5
Exercise - l6
Exercise - 17
Exercise - l8
Exercise - l9
Exercise

..r. 2l-27

Exercise - 6

Exercise -

in-stairs Some of the guiding

39
Page No.

ir'&

lntroduction

(Chapter-11

1.3

lNTRoDucnoN
1.ir lNTRoDucTloT

workout different items of construction with their quantities for estimating the total cost of
construction project. For this purpose, drawings of different parts and different views are essential
so that approval of work from the sanctioning authority can be obtained. Further, the detailed
drawings form as an essential contract documents, when the work is handed over to a contractor.
Hence, it is necessary to prepare detailed drawings which will inform the conhactor, the exact
information which he needs during the construction of different items of work.
Drawings, thus prepared should be carefully preserved even after the completion of work.
Thus, it becomes to assess the possibility of further vertical expansion by referring to the foundation
details initially provided. Drawings should be clear, simple, clean and accurately drawn so that

with actual figures.

1.2 PRIME REOUIREMENTS OF A

GOOD DRAWING

The quality of drawing can be improved by considering the following points

l. Drawing should be clear, simple and clean.


2. Should be accurately drawn so that scaled measurements agree with actual
3.
4.
5.
6.

Conventional signs are used to represent the particular item in the drawing. For example,
stone masonry, brick masonry, concrete are indicated by standard conventional signs. They are
only
represented in the section i.e., when the materials are cut by any imaginary plane.

Similarly conventional symbols are provided to indicate doors, windows, their fixing,

Drawings represent reduced shape of structures and the owner will be able to see what is going
to happen. The drawings are prepared as per the requirements of the owner. In case of public
buildings, the functional aspects are studied and accordingly the drawings are prepared as per
the recommendations laid down in National Building Code (N.B.C) or as per the Indian Standard
Specifications. Any- modifications like additions or omissions can be suggested from a study of the
drawings before actual construction of the structure is started. Drawings provide a language with
specific data to Architects, Engineers and workmen at the site to construct the stnrcture accordingly.
" In case of public buildings, bridges or any other civil engineering works, it is essential to

scaled measurements agree

CONVENTIONAL SIGNS AND SYMBOLS

dimensions and free from repetive details.


Exact inforniation should be provided iit orderto carry out the work at site without
scaling for missing measurements.
Neatness, an ability for co-relative details and their arrangement in a losical seouence
oulo De provloe
Only minimum notes to suppolt the drawings should be indicated in the drawing.
Sufficient space should be provided between different views so as to mark the
dimensions without crowding.

movement of shufiers when ttrey are closeci or openeci, various water supply and sanitary fixrures
,like tap, wash basin, w.c, urinals, kitchen sink, shower etc. Symbols are also used to indicate the
position of electrical fittings like, lamp. switch, power socket, fan, etc. To indicate positions of
furniture in drawing room, bed room, suitable symbols are used.
The Bureau of Indian Standards (B.l.S) has recommended conventional signs and symbols

in order to

l.

Avoid confusion and to understand the drawings.

2.

Save time in making out various details in the drawing to enable others to quickly
understand without any confusion.

3. Identiff
supply

the various details viz; Materials of construction, Electrical fixtures, water


& sanitary fittings, positions of furniture like chairs, tables, Beds, cup boards,

kitchen sinks, cooking range etc.

4.

Prevent any dispute between contractor and owner (or executing authority) in actual

construction of the structure.

EXERCISE

II

Draw the Conventional signs, Conventional symbols for plumbing fixtures, Electrical
fittings and other symbols generally required to be shown in building drawings.- Select
30 mm x 25 mm height rectangular blocks for drawing the conventional silrs and symbols as
shown in PLATE lA, lB and lC.

Civil Enginee.ing

'

-\-.\,^!

Drawing-l

(Chapter-l)
PLATE: l-A

CONVENTIONAL SIGNS

bFoc
oGno

Jftuno
ftr-AU0
BRICK

BRICK EXISTING

STONE EXISTING

ASHLAR

CINDERS

SANO

GROUND LEVEL

PLY WOOD'

ROUGH WOOD

wooD

STONE

r* (
((

COT.ICRETE

EXISTING

za
(
c

c((
((
.1
CONCRETE

PIASTER

RUBBLE STONE

CLAY TILE
GI.AZED

EXIS] iNG

CI.AY TILE

CERAMIC TILES

ACROSS

ALONG

GRAINS

GRAINS

UNGISZED

//

----------------------------------------------------- - - - -.-------------------

r----------

r--------p-

//

la.---------

t----------

t-------!---

t------!--_

r----------

GLASS

SHEET METAL

STEEL AND C)AST


IRON

ALUMINIUM

WATER, OIL,
PETROL

FIBRE BOARD AND


INSULATING BOARD

-_ STEEL

STRUCTURAL
SECTIONS

SYMBOLS FOR DOORS

STNGLE LEAF' DOUBLIT SwtNC

SINGLE LEAF SI]UT"TER


(slNGLE SWING)

FOLDING SIDE HUNb

FOLDING CENTRE [{IJNG

PLATE : 1-B

DOUBLE LIiAF SINGLE .SWING

IX)Ubll-E LIAF DOUBLE SWING

FOLDING DOUBLE LEAF

DOOR WITH PR.OJECTED FIINGES

1_

SUDINC ONE SIDE

SLIDING BO-I"}I SIDES

ROLLING SHUTTER EXTERNAL

REVOLVINC DOOR

ROLLTNG SHUTI-ER INTERNAI-

SYMI}OLS FOR WINDOWS

VERTICAL SLIDING

VERTICAL CENTRE HUNG

RIGHT HAND

SIDE HUNG

SIDE HUNG

HORIZONTAL CENTRE HUNG

TOP HUNG

BOTTOM HUNG

-Civil Engineerinq QrlwlnP-l

(Chapter-

1)

PLATE: l-C

SYMBOLS FOR SANITARY TNSTALLATIONS AND FITMENTS

SFIOWER HEAI)

URINAL CORNER TII.TNG

PEDESTAL LAVATORY BASIN

I},IDIAhI TYPE W. C.

WALL LAVATORY BASIN

CORNER LAVATORY BA,SIN

EUROPEA}I WATER CLOSET

WATER CLOSET WITH FLUSHING SYSTEM

WATER CLOSET WITH OUT FLUSHING.SYSTEM

w.c. Low DowN


BATH TUB

w. c.
PLAIN KITCHEN SINK
.:

I.IRINAL WALL HLTNG

KICHEN SINK WITH


SINGLE DRAIN BOARD

URINAL STALL

F
T

T
E
E
w

TOWEL RAIL

STOP VALVE OR

SLUICE VALVE

WA"SH BA"SIN

LADIES UNTNET

COOKING PLAT FORM

cuP B0ARD (C.B)

AIMAIRAII

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING SYMBOLS AS PER I.S.I


Symbol

l.

Main fuse board with out switches,


Lighting

2.

Main fuse board with


Lighting

3.

Switches,

Distribution fuse board with switches,


Lighting.

4.

Power Plug

5..

Light Plug

6.

Main Switches, Lighting

7.

Main Switches, Power

8.

Meter

9.

Radio Receiving set

10.

Television Receiving Set

ro
ffi
N
{
-(

2t.

Thermostat

22.

Humidistat

23.

Bell Push

24.

Bell

25.

Telephone Instrument Point Internal

26.

Telephone Instrument Point Public


Service

OH

tr

fl
A

Telephone Private Exchange Public


Service

D.t

28.

Fire Alarm Push

29.

Bell Connected to Fire Alarm

>+[

30.

Amplifier

31.

Control Board

32.

Loudspeaker Outlet

33.

Aerial

34.

Ceiling Fan

35.

Bracket Fan

36.

Exhaust Fan

37.

Pilot or Corridor Lamp

-o

Batten Lampholder

OBH

13.

Water Tight Light Fitting

14.

Flourescent Light (Single)

r5.

Flourescent Light (Doubte)

16.

Convection Heater

r:1
t-

17.

Electric Unit Heater

18.

Immersion Heater

Qwr

f-l

t-o-l

Horn or Hooter

One-way Switch
Siren

27.

t2.

l.

Symbol

tr'

Light Bracket

PLATE: l-D

Two-way Switch

Jt
tr

l_l
OA
{

urvil trngtneerrng [Jrawt

1.4

IMPORTANT TERMS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

Building may be constructed with load bearing walls namely load bearing walled structure or
with number of isolated R.C.C. columns connecled laterally by beams. Then the frames are filled
with brick masonry walls namely curtain walls. panel walls and such structures are termed as framed

ti

(i) Depth of Foundation : Depth of foundation is the vertical distance measured from G.L.
he bottom of C.C bed over which masonry footings are constructed.
According to National Building Code I983, the depth of foundation depends on
(a) Securing adequate bearing capacity.

structure.

Most of the residential building

o1' one

or two storeys are generally constructed with load

bearings walls.

(b)Shrinkage and swelling properties in case of clayey soils due to seasotral changes.

(c)Dcpiii of gi'oun'J waier - iable.


-

Load bearing walls receive all dead loads like self weight of walls, roof's and live loads and
finally transmit to the sub-soil. In order to distribute the load on large area and to bring the intensity
of load coming on to the sub-soil less than the safe bearing capacity of existing soil, the width of
wall is increased in steps and finally rests on concrete bed. These steps are made in the form of
fbotings and taken below ground level.

l. Foundation : The portion of the building constructed below the ground level in order to
distribute the structlu'al load over large area is known as fbundation or sub-structure. In case of load
bearing walled structure. the size of rvall is increased by means of footings of stone masonry or
brick masonry arrd finally rests on concrete bed of required size.
2. Footings :

The width

of load bearing walls is increased in steps by providing

equal
increase on either side. These steps are known as footings. The number of footings depends on the
depth of lbundation. The increase in u'idth provided on either side of the wall face is known as
off-set. Depth of foundation is the vertical distance below general ground level upto the bottom of
concrete bed laid belorv the load bearing wall.
Thus. all the load bearing walls are to be constructed over concrete bed laid directly over the
soil in tlre foundation trench. Such foundations are known as spread foundations.

lndividual masonry pillars are constructed with off - sets on all four sides to provide the
required number of footings. This entire masonry structure rests on ioncrete bed of required size
which distributes the load intensiry on the sub - soil at low magnitude than the safe bearing capacity
of the sub - soil. Such foundation is known as isolated footing foundation.

3. Plinth : The portion of the structure between the surrounding ground levet and the
surface of the floor level immediately above the ground is te-imed as plinth. Also the level of the
floor is usually called as plinth level and the built - up area at the floor level is known as plinth area.
Note : In case of spread foundation, the information regarding (i) Depth of foundation, (ii) Width
foundation and (iii) Thickness of foundation concrete bed shall be known.

of

,4

-,9

'*
z

The code recommends that all foundations shall extend to a depth at least 500 mm below
mal ground level. On rock, removal of top soil known as overburden may be sufficient.

fr

*
g

(ii) Width of Foundation : Width of foundation depends on the safe bearing capacity (S.B.C)
;oil and load coming on the soil through load bearing wall.

t
*

4
r{

su[

sud

Considering one metre length along the centre line of foundation trench, if W be the total
coming
on the soil, and p be the safe bearing capacity of soil and B is the width of foundation
C

i;

,"4

'i
s
ai

ln

f;

:
i.e.W =
W

S.B.C. of soil

pxB

x Area of foundation per lm

coq
rhid

length

.t1

t
I

abd

:g

.or

4j

B_ pxl

&

ope4

As a thumb rule, assuming that the load from the wall above ground level

will

be distributed
+ Ha*

formly at an angle ofspread 450,

Width of foundation B

where; T _

t
a

2T + 2t

Thickness of wall above G, L.

bed) from the lower most

000

course of footing.

Generally the concrete off - set (0 shall be 150 mm.

for th

Of -

the

Masonry Footings .' In case of brick masonry, the width of super structure is
off - sets to construct the footings. The width of off - set on either side shall be
ral to l/4th length of brick i.e., 50 mm. The depth of such masonry footings shall be made equal to
multiplies of brick thickness (200 mm; 300 mm; 400 mm etc. Since the thickness of each brick
Sets

for

.ended by means of

Plinth height shall not be less than 450 mm from the sunounding ground level.

'*

(d) Depth o1'frost penetration in case of fine sand and silts.

ill be 100 mm).

lntroduction

(Chapter-1)

'hcase
$ga.sonry

of stone masonry, the off - sets may be 75 to 100 mm and the height of each course
in a footing may be 150 to 200 mm'

Thickness of foundation concrete : The thickness of cement concrete bed below


in spread footing mainly depends on
wall
the masonry
(b) The projection of concrete beyond bottonl - most course
(a) Type of concrete used
(c)
pressure
Upward
of the soil below C.C. bedand
footing.
of rvall

(iii)

EXERCISE

(a)

= 6.

super structure. This includes masonry walls, columns, steps, doors. windows, ventilators, linteis,
sunshades (chajjas), stair case, roof, weatherproofcourse, parapet wall etc.
are small beams which are of Reinforced cement concrete in present
provided
over
small openings like door, windows, almairahs etc. Generally 150 mm
consfiuction
to
wall
width are provided.
width
equal
thick and

Sun - Shade : Sun-shade is sloping or horizontal R.C.C. cantilever slab provided over
openings on external walls to provide protection from sun and rain.
The projection of sun - shade beyond the external wall when not given should be 100 mm
+ Half of the width of the maximum window opening.
passage

a handrail or balustrade to serye as

According to I.S. : 4912; the vertical height of handrail in balconies and verandahs shall
1000 mm nominal from upper surface of top rail to floor.

8. Porch : Porch or portico or canopy

_- 400

500 rnm ; Depth

-_

400 mm ; Depth

- 600 mnl

: 4 : 8)

be

300 mrn
mm

300 mm

Width of wall in super structure brick masonry in

C.M(l :6)

300mm

Thickness of darnp proof

C.C

(b)

course

20 mm

Flooring = With 25 mm thick polished stone slabs 300 x 300 mm over 100 mm thick
I : 4 : 8) bed. The remaining depth is filled with curshed stone or gravel or sand:
Draw the cross - section of wall of building provided with R.C.C. slab roofing as given
below to a scale

I :20.

Depthoffoundation:ll.00mm;widthoffoundatio
Depth of C.C. bed = 300 mm ;

width

Depth of first footing with brick masonry

is covered surface supported on pillars or otherwise


for the purpose of pedestrian or vehicular approach to a building. Generally the height from floor to
bottom of porch slab shall be 2.1 m.

-t
{':7

600 mm ; Depth

Width of wall in basement -- do --

5. Lintels : Lintels

6.

:= 150 mlrl thick

- 900 mrn ; Depth :


Width of first footing Brick masonry in C.M. ( I : 4)
-Width of second footing - do Width of C.C. foundation

4. Super Structure: The portion of the building constructed above ground level is called

Balcony : Balcony is a horizontal projection including


or sitting out place.

Boftorn rnost levelling coLlrse with Gravel / sand

The bearing on either side (over the wall) should not be less than 100 mm. More commonly
abearing of 150 mrn willbe provided on either side of an opening.

I : 20 with the

Depth of foundation

T ; where T = Thickness of wall in super structure.

7.

Draw tlte cross - section of load bearing wall foundation details to a scale of
following specifications: (PLATE 2 A, B and C)

Specfications

As a thumb rule, the thickness of foundation concrete d can be calculated from


d

I2

800 mm

400 mm ; width = 500 mm

Depth of second footing with brick masonry:400 mm; width = 400 mm


Depth of basement:600 mm; width of wall in basemenr:300 mm
Height of super strutture

Thickness of R.C.C. slab =

(from floor level to bottom of roof) = 3300 mm

Width of parapet wall

100 mm

Height of parapet

650 mm

120 mm

,.\?,.\r.\"^

Llvll tsngtn9oftng uaawtng-t lunapter-ll

ryv\/'\\.,"'\\","*.\./\".v.v\"/\".v

Coping = 50 mm thick wilh a pojection of 50 mm


Height of door

2000 mm

Thickness of lintel over door opening

150 mtrr

wall and 70 mm thick at fiEc and Fojecting 900 mrn.


Flooring = Consisb of 15 mm thick tiled flooring over a bed of 100 rntr cement concrete.
Tne rcmaining heightin basement shall be filled altd compocted with gravel or
Sun-shade

100 mm lhick at the

sand.

Sleps

= Brick

masonry steps in cmcnt mortor


150 mm rhick with an off set 150 mm

(l

: 4)

.rc conshuctd over a C. C bed

Trad or goi[g ofeaoh step = 300 mm


Rise of each step = 150 mm

(c)

Draw the cross - section of Isolated square R.C.C. column footing to a scale of
following specifi cations.

: 20 with the

= 1000 mm x 1000 mm
Shape of footing Trapeziodal with a vertical depth of 150 mm; each side tapers from
Size of the footings

200 mm to 1000 mm in a height of 250 mm

I
I
looo ------{
FIG.

Steel reinforcetnentfor thefooting: 12 mm dia. rods at 150 mm C/C parallel to each side
with a clear cover 25 mm at bottom and 50 mm at sides.
Size of eolumn:200 mm x 200 mm
Steel reinforcement I = O No. of 16 mm dia. rods
)*
[Longitudinal reinforcement] J
Lateral ties : 6 mm dia rods at 200 mm C / C; Side cover to longitudinal reinforcement
: 40 mm clear. Anchorage for longitudinal reinforcement = All the 6 bars of 16 mm dia are taken
down and extended in horizontal direction to a length 200 mm beyond the face of the column and
tied to the reinforcement of the footing in the form of Dowel bars.

lF *]

^^^^^^^^!tlo!99tlol ^ ^lqhip-!q-1-l^
-fi--- so
coPtNG

e
PLATE :2

_--+

WEATHER PROOF
COURSE 20 THICK
PARAPET

1OO

THICK

DAMP PROOF
SUPER STRUCTURE

COURSE
2O THICK

25 POLISHE D
STCNE FLOOR ING

OVER 100 mn c.c


PLINTH

LEVELT-

WALL

R.C C. ROOFING
120 THICK

IN

SUPER STRUCTURE

300 THICK
R.C.C. SUNSHADE

THICK R C
150
LINTEL

600

,/

I
I

3300

SECTION

llnd

FoorlNG--+

is rm

stFOOTlNG

400

----r>

16 DlA. DOWEL

-_-c
B AR

+t
r-l

,.300

,rt=

GRA\/EI. OR

SHNO

FOUNDATION

:4:8)

THTCK

TILED FLOORING
OVER C.C. BED
't-Htc K
1 00

DAMP PROOF COURSE


50 THICK

c.c.
(1

6 DlA. TIES AT
200 c/c

HT OF PLINTH CR
HT OF BASEMENT

./,.-

-+

LEVELLING -'--D

couRsE

FILLING

l.

2t

000

l,rr-l+

WTH GRAVEL
400

-+
300

SHOWI NG FOUNDATION DETAILS


(A)

C.S. OF LOAD BEARING WALL


OVER SPREAD FOOTING
(B)

+ / 1000
ISOI-ATED R.C.C. COLUfuIN FOOTING

(c)

Civil Engineering Drawing-l

10

1.5

200

,200t
:-l

(Chapter-

BONDS IN BRICKWORK

Bond is thc arrangement of bricks by rvhich no continuous joints are formed verrically for
successive coLtrses in a brick wall. To avoid verticaljoints. the overlapping between trvo successive
courses shal.l be

th brick along with

brick along its breadth.

Walls of'',,arying thickness ranging liom I brick thick and above,


headers and stretchers are laid in alternate courses i.e., a course will show rvither only headcrs or
only stretchers when seen alternately. A queen closer is placed afler the first header in each header
course so as break the vertical joints in the successive courses. The first header in eaclt header
course is also called a s Quion header.

(i) :

QUOIN HEADETI.
QUEEN

Engiisir iiund

To draw the plan of'brick rvall in English bond for

ONE BRICK WALL

QU EEN C LOSER

QUOIN HEADER

a corner r.vall,

sh

2.

the following points should

one{

be obseryed.

is of

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

r50j

Draw the first header i.e., Quion headel at the conrer of a wall in the header course.
Next drarv the queen closer throughout the thickness of the rvall.

posit
on th
i.

Then drarv the headers throughout the front face of the wall.

walli

For the other side of the corner, draw the stretchers at the front face.

windi
,

(v)

:t

=T

u,all thickness is even multiple of half brick (1, ?. brick u'alls), a pafticular coLtrse
shou,s the sarne appearance on both faces. If stretchers appear on the front flace, thd
same stretchers wiii appear in a particular course in front lace. sallte headers will appear
on the back o1'that courses.

If

ONE AND A HALF BRICK HALL

(vi)

OUEEN CLOSER

If rvall thickness is odd multiple of half brick i.e., l+,2+ brick wall, if stretchers appear
in front face for a particular course, then headers will appear on the back of that cours
The vice versa will be in the next course, i.8., if headers appear in front face. th
stretchers will appear on back side.

in the

t
3

openii

2.2

!i

one or
the d

ve
EII

Note : Queen closer is shown by hatchirtg in the drawing.

QUOIN HEADER

ndo

eze).

TWO BRICK WALL

EVEN COURSES

rtical
er at

ODD COURSES

PLANS

i
:

top
0 rnrn

Doors and

Windows (Chapter-2)

The joints between panel and frame shall be tongued and grooved joints. Grooves are formed
along the inner edges of the stiles and rails to receive the panels. The depth of the groove shall
be made equal to the thickness of the panel. According to I.S. : 1003, the minimum width and
thickness of a panel shall be 100 mm and l5 mm respectively.

DooRs AND WlNDows


Doors are the means to provide access to the rooms of a building. A door consists of a frame

mdone or iwo shuiters or leaves. Accordingiy tliey arc caiieci as singie shunereci or double
shuttered doors'

2;1

DOOR FRAME

.1

A door frame consists of two vertical members called styles and two horizontal members
one at top called as top rail and one boftom rail or sill or threshold. Now-a-days the bottom rail
is omitted and made to flush with floor level. The top rail is projected beyond the styles by about
150 mm and these projection are known as homs. These are built into masonry for keeping in
position. Also M.S clamps of flat iron about 300 mm x 50 mm x 6 mm are fixed to the vertical styles
on the outerside known as "l-{old fasts in the shape of letter Z ". These are embeded into the masonry

wallto hold the frame in position. When horns are not specified, it is usual to provide door and
window frames without horns but hold fasts are compulsory.

(sill) is not provided, the vertical members (styles) should be inserted


in the floor finish by about 40 mm to 50 mm. Size of the door or window means the size of the
When bottom member

. For double leaf shutters. when closed, one leaf overlaps the other vertically as a rebated joint.
In order to keep both the shutters in the same plane, rebates 8 to l0 mm wide and in depth equal to
i12the thickness of a shutter tbr a square type or l/3 rd the thickness of the shutter for splayed
type are cut as per I.S : 6198.

2.3 DIMENSIONS AND SIZES OF


lNl.S:1OO3.

DOOR SHUTTER AS RECOMMENDED

(a) Vertical stile, top and friezerail width = 150 +

(b)Lock rail

width:

I 66

150 + 3 mm

(c) Bottom rail width

200 + 3

pt

(d)Mounting width = 100 + 3 mm


(e) Glazing

bar:

40

(f) Thickness for all

+ I mm
members = 35

+I

or 40 +

I mm.

opening (modular).

Nole .'Now - a - days the door frames and window frames are fixed so that the frames shall flush
with intemal iace of the wall in all rooms of residential buildings.

2.2 SHUTTER :

2.4 DESIGNATION

Shutter for the door frames may be fully panelled or partly glazed and partly panelled with
one or two leaves or shutters. In fully panelled shutter, the number of panels may be 3, 4 or 6 as per
the design and other practical consideration. These shutters are made so that they fit exactly into the
grove (recess) made in the frame. Similarly the shutters

of window may be fully panelled, partly


anelled and glazed or fully glazed. There may be two or more shutters depending on the width of
indow. The area of each shutter may be divided into a number of panels.

In case of door shutters, the horizontal members are called as rails (top, bottom, lock and
ieze). All other rails fixed between the lock rail and top rail are called frieze rails. The continuous
ertical members of the door frame called as styles or stiles. These stiles and rails are iointed to each
er at both ends by mortise and tenon joints. The bottom and lock rails are made wider than
top or frieze rails. The centre of the lock rail shall be so placed that its centre line is at a height

mm from the bottom of the shutter.

of

AND STZES OF DOORS & WINDOWS

As given in A.P. D.S.S. (Andhra Pradesh Detailed Standard Specifications) 1002.3.2.


Types

It shall be indicated by the following letters of the alphabet.

_
_

Two panels

a_

Four panels

V _ Ventilator
T _ Double shutter
R

Width & Depth

Window
Single shutter

tt shall be indicated by the number of modules

Modular width and height of the door or window frame in case of timber frames is always

l0 mm larger than the actual width and height of door or window.

12

Civil Enginoering

Drawing-l

Eramples :

(i): ll DT20 shall mean a frame ofa double shufter door with a width of I I modules and hight
of20 modules.
When frames of doors and windows are combined with those of windows and ventilators,
they shall be designated as below :

(ii)

(iii)
(iv)

6WS l0 / I I DT 20 / 6WS l0 means I I modules wide and 20 modules high double shutter
door frame combined on its both sides, with two single shutter windows (one on either side
of door) 6 modules wide and l0 modules high.

l0 DS 20 means

a Door

with single shutter with width as l0 modules and 20 modules height.

l5 W Q I 2 means a window with four

panels having

l5 modules as width and

12 modules as

height.

(v) :

l0 WT l2 means a window with double shutters having l0 modules as width and

12 modules

as height.

(vi)

I WR l5

means a window with three panels having I I modules as width and

l5 modules as

height.

(vii)

l0 V 6 means a.,,entilator having l0 modules

as

EXERCISE

as

width and 6 modules as height.

Draw to a suitable scale the Elevation, section and plan of the following door, and windows
show in plate No. 3 A and 38.
:

(a) Door frame..


(b) Fully panelled door.
(c) Fully panelled ivindow.
(d) Hollow core or framed flush door
(e) Fully

glazed window.

(Chaptsr-2l

PLATE :3 - A

FULLY PANELLED DOOR

DOOR FRAME

-{rooF
llr

EAD

100

70

lf)

TOP RAIL

100

-'
100

30

PANEL
2A mm THTCK

50

FRIEZE RAIL

100
:tr
ll

lrl

ul

F
F
:)
I

=
tr a
lr.

30

HANGING STILE

100

30

LL

E.
o o
o Fr
o
I
TL
o Ttr,

HOLD

LOCK RAIL

3oo.J FAST

F
I

t-15

u,

x,

.__r HTGHER
I DtMENStoN
I stDE ALONG
3 I THE rHtcK_
- lttEss oF THE
WALL
_I

T = THICKNESS
OF SHUTTER
25

r.u

tr

ru

o
()

LIJ

F
6o(
sLU

FINISHED
FLOOR LEVEL

U)

t I
-t
i
E

STR UCTU RAL

FRONT VIEW

200 x

REBATE

I so

30

ETING STILE
100 x 30

ME

BOTTOM RAIL

250

30

FLOOR LEVEL

LOWER DIMET-ISION
SECT|ON - AA

FLOOR LEVEL

ELEVATION

TU RAL

FLOOR LEVEL

SH UTTER

SECTION

. AA

VERTICAL POST

60

100

SECTIONAL PLAN . XX

WIDTH OF SHUTTER (SINGLE) = 930


OVERALL WIDTH OF DOOR FRAME;930 + 2 (00 -1 s)

FRONT FLUSHED WITH


FRAME FOR AESTHETIC
BEAUTY ANO TO PROVIDE
DOOR SHUTTER

-.---Jz o

SEOTION - BB

ALL DIMENSIONS ARE tN mm

(Chapter-2I,

Civil'Engineering Drawing-l

14

96

12oo
FULLY PANELLED WINDOW
H

EAt)

70x85
TOP RAIL

70 x

I
I

30

rt
rt
r-tt
lr
tt

r--i

TOP PANEL
20 mm THK

ll
ll
ll
It

r--

HANGING STILE

70 x

l--'
1l
ft
ft
L--l
L-L-.r

30

70 x

Pi
r -'l

MEETING STILE

30

|.--

F-r
rl
tl
gl
1l

C\l

POST

70 x

85

-f

I
I
I

I
I

;: 'i

<a

r- -t
I

I
I

I
I

t--

r- j
I

I
I

'l

t-_

r- l
I

r-"i
-t-:
It

tl

L-.r

L-r
tt
It
tt
tt

A.

r--

F-r
1l
.l
1l
gl

EOTTOM RAIL

70x30

S ILL
79 x 85

ELEVATION

l-

-t

f--

r-

-i

I
I
I

t--

95x70

38x38

t-l
rl
LJ

ll
ll
tl
tl
rl

o
o
(\{

Vertical Ribs
145 C/C

-x

LJ

Horizontal Ribs

Style 38

L-J

Bottom

38
ss
I

Rail

38x38

Half-Sectional Elevation

Jectional Plan on XX

95

--+l
Section

200

Style

MM

i-l

ALI DIMENSIONS ARE IN

25x38At

I
I

SESTION . BB

PLATE :3 - B

Top Rail

it
i:t
I

l+-

Lintel
Head

Ply F+F-{

Facing 38

70

Thickness of Shutqer

= SO.

50

lz

All Dimrnsions are in mlo

SECTION . AA

HOLLOW CORE OR FRAMED FLUSH DOOR

bt ''*.^$*v*-

------99*'9nli.""iL9Jgg9u-

FULLY GLAZED WINDOW SHUTTER


HEAO

70x95

-Tl

rr-

trql

TO P RAIL

85x30
GLASS PANEL

\
I

SASH BAR

30x30

ti

STILE

30x95
POST

70r85

Ii

I
t'

.4.

BOTTOM RAIL

85r30

h
G

SILL

70x85
I 200
SECT|ON
ELEVATION
I
I
I

tst
5

-TT
55

3Bo hstltl
T'l
12oo 10
sEcnoN

sao

as

5i

-'88'

-Sl.eg's:3 1--'---

*-= -,--

'-----..'----.,

**--.t-.,....----Jt
TRUSSES

3.2

All
KING POST TRUSS

thc members in a roof truss

'Iension nremhers

A truss is forrned by joining various members to fonn a systetn of triangles. King post truss
is a tinrber truss and used for pitched roofs. These are placed in parallel rows on walls at certain
intervals depending on the span.
These trusses are connected at top by a wooden member known as ridge piece. Similarly on
two sloping sides another wooden member will be joincd nantely purlin. In king post truss one
purlin shall be provided on each side.

Thus the truss is made to have a means of fitting the common rafters and reepers on which
the roofing rnaterial like tiles or A.C. sheets can be arranged.

C'ompression memhers

3.3

_-PURLIN

230 TO 250 mm
TIE BEAM
CLEAR SPAN

EFFECTIVE SPAN

FIG. 3.1 SHOWING THE CENTRELINE OF THE MEMBERS OF KING POST TRUSS

(a) Principal rafter

DRAWING PROCEDURE

(b)
(b)

King

post.

Strut.

Draw the centre line of the tie beam horizontally for a lenglh equal to effective span.

.!

J.

From the mid point of the horizontal tie beam centre line, erect a perpendicular to get the
centre line of king post for a length equalto the rise of the truss.

4.

Join both the ends of the tie beam centre line rvith the top of the king post (centre line erected
fronr the centre of the tie beam centre line). These two lines drawn fionr tip of king post and
joined with left and right ends of tie beam indicate principal rafters.

When pitch of the truss is given. this angle is marked at left and right end of tie beam andl
the lines are drawn at this angle. These fwo inclines represent two principal rafters and the,
intersection point shall be taken as top of the truss, also knorvn as ridge.
;

5.

For drawing the centre line of strut, a point at about 230 to 250 rnm above the centre line ofi
tie beam shall be marked on the king post centre line. Then the mid points along the sloped i
length of principalrafters both on left side and right side shall be marked. The lines drawn
joining the point marked on the king post and mid points of principal rafters on either side
represent the centre lines ofstruts.

3.4

OUEEN POST TRUSS

STRUT

PITCH

(a) J'ie bearn

tension.

2.

PRINCIPAL RAFTER

KIN G
POST

will carry either direct (axial) compression or

From the given clear span, effective span shall be calculated by knbwing rvidth of supporting
wall on either side: clear span + 2 (half of width of supporting wall)

RIDGE PIECE

3 UNITS

The centre line of the tie beam and the centre line of the principal rafter meet at a point, and
this poirrt shall pass through the centre line of the supporting wall at both the ends of a tnrss as
shown in fig.3.1. From the tiont view of a roof truss, the depth of the menrber can be secn.

,^\

3.1

PRINCIPLE OF CONSTRUCTION

This type of truss made of wooden numbers is used for larger spans ranging from 9 metres
to {4 metres. Instead of single central vertical post in the King port truss, here two verticalposts at
equal intervals shall be fitted to the bottom the beam and these are known as Queen posts.
The two principal rafters starting from each end of the tie beam shall extend upio the Quee
posts and will not be continued further as in the case of King post truss. The Queen posts
laterally connected by a straining beam at top and straining beam at top and straining sill at botto
for stability. The struts are connected and suitably joined the principal rafter and the Queen posts
usual. Purling and cleats are laid at two places i.e., one at the inter section point between principal

strut
Iine o
shall

fixed

'ls
the a
be

fix

shall

Civil Engineering Drawing-l


and smrt and another at the end of principal rafter where it is connected to the Queen post.
the purlins common rafters and reapers are laid to receive roofing material. The common
will extend from eaves to the ridge and suitably joined.
The centre line diagram of Queen post truss is shown below for better understanding.
: l. All dimensions are in mm.

2.
3.6
-J,

Dotted lines are drawn extending the centre line of principal rafters to indicate the centra!
rise.

,:- lr

DRAWING PROCEDURE

l.

span.

2.

Draw the horizontal tie beam over these bed blocks to suit the depth of tie beam and also
drawthe centre line indicating by dash and dot.
3. Divide the clear span into three equal parts and erect perpendiculars from the centre line
of tie beam which shall represenr the centre lines of Queen posts. The distance is from the inner
face of the wall as clear span is taken into account to draw the Queen posts. The bottorn dimension
of Queen posS is slightly enlarged by about 50 mm to accommodate strut.
4. Then draw the centre line of the supporting wall and let it intersect the centre line of the
tie beam. From the point, draw the centre line of Principal rafter at a pitch

of

span upto the Queen

post. It shall be suitablv joined at bottom with tie beam and with Queen post at the other end.
Note: Ifthe centre lines ofboth principal rafters are extended to intersect at centre ofspan, the rise

from centre line of tie beam shall be equal to

-j of effective span.

Thus, the principal rafters and Queen posts can be drawn.


5. The struts shall be provided to connect the princifal rafters and Queen posts. For this, the
stutbottom edge shall be joined with the Queen post at a height of 250 to 300 mm from the centre
line ofthe tie beam.'The strut shall be joined at an angle 30o to the horizontal to the Queen post and
shall be extended to have the suitable joint with the principal rafter. Three way M.S. straps shall be
fixed at the joints (a) where strut joins the principal rafter and (b) where principal rafter and straining beam are connected to the Queen post at its top.

6.

a-s

Dal

Purlins and cleats shall also be provided over the principal rafter at the joints as glven rn
provroeo ar eacn e oI ue Deam so tna common
ers sna
fixed over the wall plate and other two purlins.

'

7.

EXERCISE
Draw to a scale

Common rafters, (spars), reepers, ridge piece, eaves board, roofing tiles, ridge tile etc.

hall be provided as usual to suit the given dimensions.

of I : 20;

I4

the front elevation of wooden KING POST TRUSS to suit the

following specifi cations.

l.

Clear span = 6.0 nr

2.

Width of supporting wall= 300 mm

3.

Size of cut stone bed block = 400 mm length

4.

Rise of roof

5.

Sizes of members of the truss

From the given clear span and wall thickness, draw the supporting walls on either side
and then draw the bed block either cut stone or R.C.C. over these walls to suit the given dimensions. The horizontal length befween centre to centre of supporting walls is known as effective

!II ti

(Chapter-31

100

Kingpost =

(d) Principal rafter

piece

(f) Purlin
(g)

Cleat

(h) Common rafter

(i)

Wall

()

Eaves

200 mm depth

plate

board
(k) Reepers =

150

200 mm

150

x
100 x

Strut

(e) Ridge

200

(c)

300 mm width

l/3 span

(a) Tie beam


(b)

100 mm, with enlarged ends at top

100 mm
100 mm
100 mm

50

150 mm

80

150 mm

200

100

100

50 mm ar450 mm C/C

80

80 mm

150 mm

20 x 250 mm
50

lz-at 150 mm C/C.

The other details are shown in plate I3.

&

bottom

l'rusqsg lchapter3l

17

KING POST TRUSS

RIDGE TILE

250 X 250

RIDGE 50
100

s0 COMMON RAFTERS OR SPARS AT 450 C/C

50

_-3

25

150

WAY MS. STRAP 50

t'-- s -*l

x 12 REAPERS AT t S0 C/C

MANGALORE TILES OVER FLAT TILES 40 THICK

- Rlst +

PURLIN 80 X 150
CLEAT 2AO

x 1 00 x

80

3 WAY M.S
STRAP 50 X

sPAFI

ING POST
6

150

100

PRINCIPAL RAFTER

150

100
STR IJT
2OO

1OO

100

TIE BEAM

WALL PIATE
8C ( 150

EAVES BOARD

20 x

250

100

.S.U. STRAP 50 X

-T

BED STONE OR BED BLOCK

400x300x200

1O

240

CLEAR SPAN 6000


EFFECTIVE SPAN 63OO

DETAILS OF JOINT A, B, C, D ON NEXT PAGE

F*uo

ALL DIMENSIONS ARE lN rnm

Civil Engineering Drawing-l


EXERCISE

:"

Draw to a scale of I : 50; the front elevation of wooden QUEEN POST TRUSS with the
specifications. The drawing is given in PLATE NO. l3 (b).

following

.5

l.

Clear sPan

2.

Width of supporting wall = 300 mm

3.

Size

12 m

of bed block of cut stone = 500

x 300 x

200 mm depth

4. Rise of roof : + span


5.

Sizes

of mernbers of Queen post truss :

(a) Tie beam

post : 180 x 150 mm with enlarged ends at bottom


(c) Straining sill : 50 x 150 mm
(b) Queen

(d) Straining

beam

(e) Strut

(0 Principal rafter
(g) Common rafter or sPars
(h) Ridge piece :

180

(i) Purlin: 100 x

I 80

mm

0)

50 mm

Cleats for purlins and straining beam

80

120 mm

25

250 mm

(m) Reepers or bat-tens

50

(k) Wall plate

(l)

Eaves

board:

12 mm

The other details are shown in the drawing.

150

x 80 x

at 150 mm ClC.

200 mm

(Chapter-3)

Tru sses
PRINCIPLE RAFTER

(C hapte r- 3)

DETAILS AT THE JOINITS OF KIIYG POST TRTJSS


150

100

100 PRtNctPAL

50 COMMON RAFTER

COMMON

RAFIER-1

80 x 150 WALL PLATE

80

\\--

150

STR IJT

2oo

1oo TtE

EAM

50 X 10 M. S STIRRUP
X 80 CLEAT
DETAIL AT 'A'
DETAIL AT 'B'

150 X 1OO PRIf.ICIPAL RAFTER

50 X 150 RIDGE
POST

100 x 50 COMMON RAFTER_a_


3 WAY M. S. STRAP

50

100

x 100 STRUT

200 x 100 TtE BEAM

10 THTCK tyt.S.
STRAP

150 X

1OO

KING POST

DETAIL AT 'D'

DETAIL AT 'C'

M. S. STRAP

Civil Engineering Drawing-l

(Chapter-3)

QUEEN POST TRUSS

PRINCIPLE RAFTER

150

l OO PRINCIPAL

lOO X 50 COMMON RAFTER


noo

COMMON RAFTER--

\b

60 X 150 WALL PLATE

80 x 150

PURLTN

100
a

2OO

50 x

10

Xl

OO

150 X

1OO

.00 STRUT

TIE BEAM

STIRRUP
2OO

DETAIL

AT'A'

X 2OO X 80 CLEAT

DETAIL

AT'B'

PRINCIPAL RAFTER

50 X 150 RIDGE
l

100 x 50 COMMON

RAFTER-+_

3 WAY M. S. STRAP 50

OO KING

100
zaA

1O

x 100

STRUT

x 100 TtE BEAM

THiCK M.S.

DETAIL AT 'D'

M. S. STRAb

Planning and Arrangemnt Rooms in Residential Building as Per Standards of Building

Sl.no Area of plot

66 213% of plot area on the grounci anci firsi floor

m2

2.

201 to 500 m2

50 % of the plot area or 133 m2 which ever is more.

3.

501 to 1000

40% of the plot area or 250 m2 which ever is more.

4.

More than 1000

m2

n!"1" of the plot

m2

area

or 400 m2 which ever is more.

Back to back site

+ Location of gareges have exemptions

above

125

4.5

subject to certain conditions. For details

refer to bye-lows.
Minimum side open space to be provided (Buildings upto l0m height)

l-

8t2

Detached

building

Semi detached

3m on both sides

building

3m on one side only


Total covered area of all floors

Floor area ratio (FAR)

Up to 7.5
7.5 to 18
18 to 30

red a rea

Plots having depth 9m and height 7m 1.5 m rear space is enough.

above 250
t25 250

minimum in

pe rm iss i b le cove

Average width

Minimum frontage is 6m on any street. For row housing scheme frontage maybe 5.5 m
Minimum Front Open Space fio be Provided
Front open space
Width of street in front

of plot in

t\

Minimum Rear open space to be provided (Buildings upto l0m Height)

Different types of Residential Buildings, plot sizes and their frontage


Type of residential build ing
Frontage in m
Plot s ize in m2

Note

x.

Ma

Less than 200

Minimum PIot Size and Building Frontage

s0

l,fu

Permissible Plinth Area (or covered area) in Residential Plots

Plot sizes, frontages, covered areas and set backs as per building bye-laws laid
by NBC and standards for various rooms in residential buildings to be followed are
given in brief as detailed below. These are only guide lines. Rules and regulations laid
down by concerned municipal authorities are to be followed. Rooms in a residential
building like drawing or living room, Bed room, Gurest room, Kitchen, Dining roomo
store room, puja or prayer room, bath and toilet (w.c), verandahs and corridors should
be arranged according to their functional requirements. For maximum untility a flow
diagram may be drawn in the initial planning stage indicating the relative positions.

Detached building
Semi detached build ing
Row type building

(Chapto.-4}

No construction work of a building shall be undertaken with in 7.5m from


centre line of the street.

PLANNING AN D ARRANGEMENT

ROOMS IN RESIDENTIAL
BUILDING AS PER STANDARDS
OF BUILDING BYE-LAWS

Bye-Laws

1.5*
3.0
4.5
6.0
above 30
For building up to a maximum height of 7m incase building is having street on
2 or more than 2 sides the average width of front space should be 3m and at
no where less than 1.80 no.

plot area

Floor area ratio (F.A.R)

Max. height of building


(not covered by FAR)

(l .5 x width of road abuting),+

Minimum depth of
foundation
Plinth height

front open space

0.75

to 1.0 m for single storeyed building

to l.3m for double storeyed building


minimum 0.3m general value A.45m for garages
1.0 m

max.

to 2 depending on type of construction.

0.

l5

Civil Engineering Drawing-l

(Chapter-41

Standards Specified by Building Bye-Laws (as Per NBC)


F-

Description of room

,Sl.No'

Minimum

Minimum size of side (width)

a rea

and area

tll

7,
I

2.

Habitable rooms

i.

.,

Minimum width 2.4m

9.5 tn-

Bed room

nLlmber

here the

of rooms is 2 one

roon-r

ii. Living room

shal

iii.
iv.
v.

and the other not less than 7.5m2

I not be less than 9.5 rn 2 and

for rooms in Residential Buildings


Lighting and ventilation
of rooms, rvindow openings
Shall not be less than

I th
t0

cf'

floor area for dry hot climate.


,

Height

Remarks

Shal! not bc less

II^:-Lr

!
-nelgnr Illeasureo
Ir()nl

than 2.75rtt

floor level to the lorvest

-r---

tlr

1 of the floor area for wet


6

point of cieling.

.th

Drawing room

hot climate

of floor area for

Incase rooms are air-

2.4

with a minimum width of 2.4m.

Dining room
Study room

interrned iate

cond itio ned.

c I i mate.

itchen

2.6

For row housing

scheme.
K itchen-c

um-store

5.5 m-

inimum width

I .8

Increase the above values by


25%.

Shall not be Iess


than 2.7 5 m.

Height measured fronr


floor level to the lowest

point of cieling.
K itc hen rv

ith seperate

Minimum width

Minimum width 2.4

4.5 m-

1.8

sto re

iii.

Kitchen-cum-dining

9.5 m-

Store room

3m2

Bathrooms and water


closets.

ro om

Garage

for bath

1.8 m2

l.l

Shall not be
that 2.2 m

m2

for

12.5 m2

w.c

For combined bath room and water


closed minirnum area.
Shall not be less than 2.8 mlwith a
minimum width of 1.2 m

Window area not less than l0%


of floor area.
Ventilation ducts t30 cm2 area
for each m2 of floor area. Min
JOO cm2 least dimensionis+n- -

less

Shall not be less


than 2.2 m

Shall not be less


than 2.4 m

'

:.

Planning and Arrangelgn! Rooms in Residential Building

"tl.No.
6.

Description

of room

Stair-case

Minimum
area

Heigh t

Lighting and ventilation


of rooms' window open ings

Minimum size of side (width)


and area

m2 per

Remarks
Rise 17 5 mm to I 85
mm Tread 250 mm

floor height.

slope max.40o min


?Oa heaci room shaii

not be less than


2.2 m.
Other details

i.

linth height

ii. Depth of foundation

more than 300m

450mm General value


I 5 Omm for Garages.

to

For I storeyed building

0.7 5m

I .Orn

Drawir

below finished
G.L.

l.0m to l.3m

B
For 2 storeyed building

low fi nished
G.L
be

Li
i

Livin

L
B

o
Bedro o

Be

Civil Engineering Drawing-l


Recommended sizes

en

for

(Chapter-4Il

Rooms in Residential Building (Sizes Normally Adopted in Modern Trend by Middle Class Housing Schemes)
Lighting and ventilation

Best location

Minimum floor

are a

5 m2 with min.width_ 2.1 rn or 2.5rn 7.5 m2 for


kitchen -cum- d ining 5.5 rn2 f or kitchen -cum- store
cooking plat form L-or-U shape and min width 0.40rn0.60m he ight A .l5 m-0.8 6 above F . L.

Lighting and venti lation

l5% of floor area by way of windows and ventilators.

Other requirentents
Dru(Iy r0()m :
Mininrum area
(\r

Glazed tiles min. upto 0.45m above platform ievei.

Best location

Pooja room

Drawing or living room:


SE-S-SW-W

Minimum floor area

l5m2

Lighting and ventilat ion

20m2

length to width ratio | .2: I

* lT%of floor area (But 20% is preferable).


Size of door * 2.A x I .0m and window * 1.2 nt x
l .0m

Two windows one fac ing north and another

warci

s east are

ci e s

ira b Ie

Other requirements
Sto

re

l5m2 with a min. width of 3rn normal size 4.0m


3 .0m for 6 persons_.

Best Location

SE S

Other requirements

Nearness and connectivity to kitchen is essential. Storage

SW

shelves with min depth of 0.35rn are to be provided.


:

factor.
l0m2 with min width of 3m. 4m x 3m or 5m x 4m is
general size. Rectangular shape is preferable.

Near to front verandah sl'relves/cupboards are to be


-provided.

N.E Corner connectivity with drawing room/dining


room may be provided.
2m x 3m or 2m x 2.5 m.

:
:

Good ventilation and isolation of room.

est location

Minimum floor area


Other requirements

Similar to drawing or living room.

Minimum floor area

um area

Lighting and ventilation

Bedroom

lvl in im

40m2 is preferable) with


To I .5: I .

Window area

tt-r

Living-dining room:
Minimurn floor area

20mz (But

l0m2 - l2mz in direction of wind. Cupboards/Shelves


are to be provided.

Best locatiorr

Best location

Office room:

east preferable.

Other requirements

Windorv area * l0% of floor area. Door is to be


located at corner in long wall preferably.
Windows in long walls. Cupboards are to be provided.

One window towards north and another window towards

,'

Eastern or N. E corner

Nearer to kitchen
8mt (t 5m2 to 20m2 when store is attached to kitchen
i.e., kitchen-cum-store.
Racks/closed cup bords are to be provided.

Verandah:
Best location

Minimum width

Bath and W.C

South and West


I.5 m (width more than 4m is uneconomical) Height
of roof over verandah can be 2.1 m above F.L.

Location

One of the walls of

Minimum floor area

Bath room width * l.2m length * l.8m min height


2.7m. Min floor area _ l.8m'. Water closet : Width
{ 0.9m and min length * 1.2m.

toilet shall expGSe to outside


in which a window is to be placed.

Combined bath and W.C .' floor area


of l.2m

min width

2.8m2

and

with

(Chaprer-4l,
Planning and

Lighting and ventilation

Other requirements

ArrangelngntryT

0.5 x 0.30m ventilator is to be provided at l.8m


proFL. Min size of door 0.7m x l"l5m is to be
provided).
be
uiaro- (Min r0% of floor area to

above

Glai,ted tiies to a nelgnt oi i'rm llllrr,


to be Probath room l.0m (min) above FL in W.C is
vided.
a.6l

.a

(L

(Residential buitding) :
stair
: Max rise 0. l9m min Tread 0.25m. Pitch of steps
Rise and Tread
number of
200 - 400. Min head room 2.2m. Max
in a flight f 15 and min number * 3 Nos'
: width * 2.5m to 3m and length * 5rn to 6m' C ieling
Garage
2.2 m.
height * 2. I m clear opening at entrance *
Rotting shutter preferable for Garage'

Stair Case :

':
Plot

tn
al

st

100

uptr
200
abovt
200 an

upto

3(

ab-ove 3

and upt
400

above 40

and dpto

500

above 500
and upto

750

-'-r--r--*---

Civil Engineering Drawing-l (Chaptsr-4)

_ ___r
--v--..,,v-------!-w---'--*-r-----------,--MINIMUM SETBACKSAND HEIGHT STIPULATIONS FORALLTYPES OF NON-HIGH RISE BUILDINGS
* (ePPlicable to Municipal corporttioo of Hydcrrbrd rrer' rest of Hyderrbad Urbrn d-ovelopment .utbority rre!, Hydarabrd Airport development ruthority
&rer,
Cyber.b.d devlopment ruthority.rerr Buddbr purrima project ruthority.res)
FoR ExlsrrNc AREAs/NEw DEvELopMENT AREAs / LAyour AREAS tNcLUDING spEcIFrED AREAs.
-..'..

Building line or minimum Front


seiback in mrs
Plot Size

in

sq. m

Pa
p

rkin g

rovis io n

Ma x. heigh

A b u ting

Minimum setbacks
other side in mts

road wid th

Remarks

Less

12.2m

than
'12.2 m ts

Other

to
less th a n

sides

18m
100 &

l. Still parking floor permissible

uPto

200

2.

above
20A and

upto 3 00
a6-ove 3 0 0

and upto

stilt

floor

allowed

400

above 400
and upto

stilt floor
allowed

500

bove

00

and upto

750

is

exclusive of height of building upto l5m


Height of stilt floor shall no exceed
2.5m.

stilt + cellar
allowed

cellars where permissible are excluded


from heighr of building.

Note : For other 3 ones of Hyderabad area


etc., such as old citylcongested areas as
notified by Govt. the stupulations for set
backs and heights etc are to referred to
G.O.MS No. 86. Dt. 3.3.2006.
For other municipal corporations/municipal areas in the state the building bye-law
laid down by the concerned authorities
are to be followed to provide setbacks and
heights of buildings.

Planning and Arrangement Rooms in Residential Building as Per Standards of Building

Building line or minimum Front


setback

Plot

Pa rkin g
provision

ize

in sq. rr

above 750
and upto

ls00

|
I

stilt + 2
ce

Abuting road width

Max.height
permissible in

Less

12.2m

l8m

mts

than
12.2 m ts

to
less than

18m

to
less th a n
30 mts

3.0

4.5

3.0

3.0

l5

Oiher

30m
and
a bove

Rea

side

sides

6.0

9.0

6.0

6.0

4.5

6.0

9.0

6.0

6.0

4.s

6.0

9.0

1.0

7.4

tllowed

above 2500 stilt + 2 or


1
I more cellars
I allowed

Below

I8

27

Remarks

llars

Below

(Chapter-4)

Minimum setbacks
other side in mts

uf B+ildi*g

above 1500 1 stilt + 2 or


and I more cellars
upto 2500
.llowed

in mts

Bye.Laws

Civil Engineering Drawing-l

BUILDING DRAWINGS AND


THEIR DEVELOPMENT
The detailed drawings of a h'-rilding (rnay !-.e resiclentia!, p'.rblic builcling like schools,
offices, hospitals, factory buildings. buildings meanl for business) sltall inclLrde.
colleges, hostels.
(a)

Plan

(b) Section along given vertical plane

and

(c) Elevation.

(a)plan : Plan of a building represents a horizontal section of building al given height seen
a general convention to imagine that the building has been cut down by
from top. For buildings, it is
rvindows and is seen front the top after retnoval of the so cLrt
ahorizontal plane at the sill tevel of the
part.

Thus plan of a building means the details that carr be seen which are belorv the window sill

verandah or corridor, position of doors and


level. This plan shows the arrangement of rooms,
sizes. AII horizontal dimensions like size of
respective
with
their
along
windows and othgr openings
as Breadth x [,ength.
indicated
each room and these dimensions of rooms are

(Chapter-5)

(b) Section : Section means vertical section. It is imagined that a finished building is cut
vertically along a line so that the building is separated into two portions along the imagined veftical
plane right fiom top of the building to the lowest part of the foundation. "I'he view that can be seen
while travelling along this inraginary vertical plane when looking towards left is drawn to the same
scale as that adopted lor the plan arrd this vierv is callecl as sectional elevation, cross - section or
simply section.
Thus it is necessary to drarv a line on the plan to indicate the sectional line. Then the building
is imagined as cut into two portions along this line vertically. These section lines are named as
A - B or x - x. If it is indicated by A B, it means the view shall be drawn while travelling from
A to B and looking towards left of the line. When the sectional line is named as x - x ; then anow
heads shall be marked to indicate the way in which the sectional view is to be drawn. In some cases
an off-set is given to indicate the necessary details, but the off set in only to shift the vertical plane

froni one iiosition io another position (as shown below).

"1

The dimensions shown in a line diagram are inside to inside dimensions. From the given
specifrcations, the thickness of walls in super structure shall be taken to draw the fully dimensioned
plan

to a convenient scale.

Devblopment of Plan :

The plan should be drawn at the bottom portiop on left side of the drawing sheet. To start
with, extreme left hand corner of the building should be taken and theJhickness of rvalls, length of
walls along length wise (vertically upward lines) and breadth wise (horizontally from the corner)
ng cross - walls to snow
tlre position of the elements, and to locate the position of doors, windows, etc.
Finally, the dimensions are shown in each room, width of wall etc., and plan can be obtained
accurate and sharp pencil lines.

AT

Br.J,

^J

'L

_l

.J.a I
I

1-

Note:l- Ipcaseofverandahs,thegivendimentionisuptotheendofverandahretainingwall.
2. The position of beams, sunshades, portico, ventilators which are above the sill level of
windows are shown with dotted or broken lines- Refer Fig. 5'2'

3. Line diagram : Line diagram is a sketch generally not drawn to a particular scale also
like living / Drawing, Bed room,
known as line sketch. The relative positions of all the elements
windows, openings etc., are
of
doors,
position
verandahs,
Toilets,
Dining,
Kitchen,
Guest room,
clearly shown with their sizes or dimensions

-[

-J

ia

^J

Bc = oFF sEr

AB AND CD = VERTICAL SECTION

FlG

5.1

The necessity of the section is to indicate all vertical dimensions like, details of foundation
viz; width and depth of C.C bed; masonry footings, basement, details of flooring, thickness of
flooring, sub floor, sand or gravel depth in the basement, height ofsuper structure, sizes ofdoors,
windows, almairahs, cupboards, other openings, thickness of roofing,.width and depth of parapet
wall, lintels, sunshades, portico and such other details. AII these details are very much required to
workout the quantities of all items of works and to execute the process of construction. Refer.

Fis. 5.2.
Development of section

The sectional view is drarvn on the top right side of drawing sheet. It is to be seen that the
foundation details will be above the boundaries of the plan.

Building Drawings and Their Development

(Chapter-5)

29

The view shall be started from starting point of the section line and the horizontal dimensions
along the section are represented in sequence in developing the sectional elevation.

Accordingly, thc section of walls from bottom to top, position of doors or windows that
are vier.r,ed shall be drarvn. From the given specifications, the foundation details, flooring detaits
roofing details are neatly drawn anci strch iriformaiion is tc be menticned in the section. But
the different rnaterials used in the construction shall be indicated by drawing the respective
conventional signs.
(c) Elevation : Elevation is the outward view of a completed building along any side of the
building. When a building is seen by standing in front of it, the view that can be viewed is known as
front elevation. Similarly, building can be viewed from back side (rear elevation) or from any side
of it which is known as side elevation.
Development

ll

!|j,1
SIDE VIEW

llll
t

FRONT VIEW

HORIZONTAL

It

sEciloN ls

tl
rl

TAKEN JUST
ABOVE THE
SILL OF THE
wTNDOW

rlw

ISOMETRIC VIEW OF A BUILDING

TO GET PLAN

WINDOW OPENING

Cenerally, the students during the second year study are expected to draw the front elevation.
ln such case, the elevation is obtained by projecting the details from the plan vertically upwards and
similarly projecting the details from section horizontally towards left side. The inter section of these
projections from plan and section helps to draw the elevation. Hence the front elevation shall be
exactly above the top of plan and is accommodated in the top left side of the drawing sheet.
The first projection line shall be from plinth off set (if provided in the plan). The projections
from sunshades, super structure walls, and to end points for doors, windows shall be made both
from plan and section to show the detailed drawing.

METHOD OF OETAINING PLAN


P.L.

G.L = GROUND LEVEL.


P.L = PLINTH LEVEL

D 3 DOO8

FRONT ELEVATION

gEciloN

!! = WtilOOt{

- AB_

The rnethod of obtaining plan, section and Elevation of a single roomed house is illustrated in

/?
,.?,/

'/./

figure 5.2.

// ./

1t
?

TO GIVE MAXIMUM
CONSTRUCTUION DETA
METHOD OF OBTAINING PORTION
SECTION - CD

ILAN, ELEVATIONS AND SECTIONS.

FtG.5.2

,Li
thick hav

.Ctuil Engiq"gring Drawing-l


EXERCISE

(Chapter-5)

-6

i:'

The line diagram shows one bed room residential building. Draw the (a) pran (b) Section
(c) Front elevation to a scale of I : 50 to suit the following specifications : (Refer
alongA-A and
plate
i'

No' 4)'
I

l. rounuAtlurls: F\rr r.ne waus are IiIKen to a oeprtt oi 900 nln beiow gl'ound level

)--L:

rl

-- -- -

a ll

rl-

lt

ancl

founded on C.C bed 700 mm wide ; 300 mm thick.

BED ROOM

The brick masonry footing over c.c bed is 400 mm wide with equal offsets on either side
I
(700

- +OO) 1:

150 mm and depth

LIVING

3000 x 3600

4200

**

uni width of wall is 300 mm. Steps are


provided both on front side and rear side over a C.C bed 150 mm thick with an off set 150 mm on
allthree sides. Tread and rise of step are 300 mm and 150 mm.
3. Flooring : Flooring consists of 20 mrn thick C.M. (l : ) plater over a bed of cement
concrete (l :4 :8) 100 mm thick. The remaining part of the basement is filled and compacted
with sand.

4. Super structure and roofing : All the walls are taken to a height of 3200 mm and are
200 mm thick.
outer face

of

R.C.C. slab roofing 120 mm thick and projected by 200 mm beyond the

of walls.

The roof slab is provided with weather proof course 15 mm thick.


Sun-shades : Continuous sun-shade is provided on front side of the-building. Thickness
wall end is 75 mm and at the free end, thickness is 50 mm.

of

sun-shade at the

Isolated sun-shades are provided over windows and external doors extending from the,R.C.C.
lintels kept ever such openings on c6*tcr three sides.

In the above two cases, sunshades are projected 600 mm from the face of walls.

Lintels : R.C.C. lintels on all openings like doors, windows and cup boards are 150 mm
Doors; windows

& cupboards

3600

of footing is 600 mm.

2. Basement : The height of basement is 450

Roofing consists

: These are to be provided as per the schedule indicated in the

D,=l0DS20

4=9DS lt
l{ =. l0 WT 12
DIAGRAM

Building Drawings and Their Development (Chapter-5)


'i

'1

PLATE No. 4

2000

cerner

footinl

rl

o1

f-r50

and 40
150

ZTsot t

ELEVATION

rlWl

thick sl

r;--l

--l

FLOORING CONSISTS OF
20 mm THICK C.M (1.1) OvER
1o0 mm C.C. BEO (1.4.8)

I 50
200

and a|l i

thick

frd

SECTION AT . AA

i
I

4.i
3000 x 3600
BED ROOM

x 3600
HALL

360

9DS

l-1 00J

I
I

-'

Numbering

-200
=i=o

Modular size (mm)

FULLYPANELLED DOOR

x I 800
1000 x 1200

FULLYPANELLED DOOR

900

18

10wTt2

Specifications

2000

1000

10 D S 20

^r
wi

t
i

Schedule of doors and windows

nesignation

- -'f

300
300
300

depth is

42OO

EULLY PANELLED

WINDOW
CB : CUP BOARD 1200

Sd
projectin
of front

brick piil
beam, the
bearn and

x 1500
NOTE : All dimensions are in
ONE BED ROOM RESIDEN

3300 rnrn i

7.R
with

Civil Engineering Drawing-l


EXERCISE

.7

With the given line sketch in Exercise - 7 and following specifications of a building, draw to
ale of l: 50 the following views. (Plate No. 5)
(a) Fully cjimensioned

plan

(b)

section on ABCD and

(c) Froni eievation.

Specifications

8. Flooring : Flooring shall be of polished shahabed srone slab 25 mm thick over g0 rnm
thick cement concrete ( I : 3 : 6) over sand filling in the basement.
9. Parapet: Parapet 100 mm thick and 700 rnm height with brick masonry in C.M. (l :4)
shall be constructed all round the building. A coping of 150 x 50 mrn thick shall be provided over
the parapet.
The dimensions givcn in line cliagram arc intei-nal dinicnsioiis ai-r,i wi,jiir uiveranciah is upro
end of verandah retaining rvall.

Foundations: The depth of foundation shall be 1000 mm below ground level. The plain
cement concrete (l : 4 : 8) bed in the foundation will be 800 mm wide and 200 mm deep. The
footings shall be of brick masonry in C.M (l : a). Width of first and second footings wilt be 500 mm
and 400 mm respectively. rvhereas the depth of both the footings will be 400 mm.
1.

2. Plinth or basement : The

height of basement is 600 mm. Damp proof course of 50 mm


provided
under the superstructure rvalls. Thickness of walls in basement is 300 mm.
thick shall be
3. Superstructure : The walls in the superstructure will be of brick masonry in C.M. (l :6)
the walls except the partition betrveen toilets are 200 mm thick. The partition wall is 100 rnm
all
and

tread

10. Steps: Steps are provided in front side and rear side of length 1200 mm. The width of
300 rnm and rise of step : I 50 mm. These are founded over 150 mm C.C bed with 100 mm

off-set on all sides.

Schedule of doors and windows :

Designation

Numbers

Modular size in nlm

t0 DS 2l

Dr 4 No.

1000

9DS20

Dz 3 No.

900 x 2000

Wr 4 No.

nAA x 1500
1000 x 1500

12

wT

r5

I0 wT t5

A square brick pillar 200 x 200 mm is provided at the left corner in front verandah.

l0 v

Vr

4. Lintels and sun-shades : Lintels with R.C.C. (l :2:4) are provided on allopenings and
is 150 rnm with a bearing of 150 mm on either side.

12CR T I5

thick from floor.

depth

(C*hapter-5)

Sun-shades 100 mm thick at the wall face and 75 mm thick at free end are provided
all exterior openings. A continuous sun shade is provided both sides
of front verandah. All the sun-shades shall project 600 mm from the face of the wall.
projecting from lintels over

5. Verandah

: In front

verandah R.C.C. bressummer beam 200 x250 mm is laid over the


brick pillar' the bottom of the beam being at 2100 mm from floor level. Frop the bottom of the
beam, the sun-shade projects on both sides to a length of 600 mm. The remaining height above the
beam and roof consists brick masonry wall (entablature wall) in C.M. (l : 6).

12 No.
2 No.

000

x 2100

-doC lazed

window

-doGlazed ventilator

1500

F!ushed shutters
-:'_:___J
_"^

V
V

TOILET

2000

160O

TOILET

2000

:,

1500

o'l
KITCHEN

3000

DINING

lo"

3200

c.B
8ED ROOM
3500 r 3900

LIVING

1500 x 4500

6. Height of superstructure : The walls in the superstructuie are taken to a height of


7. Roofing : Roofing consists of R.C.C. ( I ; 2 : 4) slab I l0 mm thick and weather proof
rse with two courses of flat tiles in C.M. ( I : 4) 50 mm thick is laid over R.C.C. slab.

Flushed door

x 600

nA} x

Cup board

Specification

wl
I
A --'r;

FIG. LINE DIAGRAM

wl

w2

wl

Building Drawings and Their

Development (Chapter-S)

33

ROOFING WITH

wlTH

PLATE No.

1t0 R.c.c. slJB covERED

50

'-

150
l

OO

50 COPII{G

THICK PARAPET WALL

200
2OO

x 250

R.C.C.

BEAti'sool*-

200 x 200
BRICK PILLAR

50 THICK

D.P.C
150

ELEVATION
!

tt00

rHrcK

C.C. BED

25 THICK SHAHABD
STONE ST.AB FLOORING
OVER 80 THICK C.C. BED

400

rlv
Iv

L-

rIV
L

2000

D.Z

zR
5X
FO

Designation

LU(')

DINING
TOILET
2000 x 1 500

-.!

"3

--J

-1
-T

,,
*'i
I

!- -

lwi

LIVING
4500 x 4500

-J

4500

t-

--

r-

-t

Specifications

size in mm

l0

DS

2l

200

BED ROOM
3500 x 3000

Modular

Numbers

3200

*r.

(?

J600
-?800

SCHEDULE OF DOORS, WINDOWS ETC.

600

foo

SECTIONALONGAB CD

200

TOILET

t-

[,- aoo -{

:Iso

rest

-{zoo

l+-1 200

l-w-l

--1--

Dz _

9DS20

1000 x2100

Dl

3No

15

wt

l0 wT

15

W2 : 2No

l0v6
12 CBT I5

V :
C.B. :

equalj
'l

wT

12

Flushed Door

900

x
1000 x

1200

2No

2 No

1200

1s00 wlDE
VERANDAH

000

Flushed Door

2000
1500
1500

Glazed window

heigh

-do--

x 600

Glazed ventilator

Cup board with


flushed shutters.

1500

and td

150

fhickn
wall s

BRICK

PILLAR
2OO

x 2OA t_

rn

L-{'-.i
PLAN

ALL WALLS ARE 2OA


THICK IN SUPERSTRUCTURE

--

Note :

All dimensions are in mm.


fve

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

ciyil Engiqegrine Drawing-t

(chapter-51

EXERCISE I 8
@u=9

,,o""rin:"l::::;'#'"hj1;:ilH:ffi"th:i

fcilic.tions draw the following views 10. scal of I : 50(a) Fully dimensional derailed plan

(b) section along A - A


(d) site plan to

a scale

spcifications

8' Prrap't w'll

: Brick masonry panpct wallin c.M (l : 6) is of 100 mm thickand 700 mrn


height. A coping with 50 mm projection is proyided at lhe top ofthe parapt wall.

and -

(c) Front elevation (Refer

Plare No. 6)

of I :

fovidedinftonrsideofbuirdins.ndonrisht

9. Flooring : Flooring

and

(l :4:g).

100

consists

of Mosaic tiled floodng over

100 mm

thick c.c

bed

The remaining depth ofbasernent is filled with sand and gravel and thoroughly comp.cted.

10. Doors & windorrs : Doors, windows, ventilators and cupboards shall be provided as pr
depq of 1000 nm below ground leveland lhe schedul given.
Est on C.C. ( I : 4 : 8) bed 800 mm wide and 300 mm deep. The rmaining portion consists of two
sitcpl'n.: The FoPosed building is to be constucted in plot no. 12 with east facing having
footings 5oo mm and 400 mm wide and at 4oo mm and 300 mm deep. The footing are of brick
an aPproach to I0 m wide toad in vidya nagar 3td line. The compound wall all round the plot is
in C.M. (l : 4).

l.

Found{tion: AII lhe main walls

are taken !o a

mrsonry

iltffiJn[|#:r[1"1"$Hfff$ffiilffiffJilT ii;i,l#liTi']l,I
m Northem

2. Brsemenr:Arrthewarsare3o0mmwideandrheheishtorbasementis600mmabove
garcral

G'L'

3.

Steps : Steps of | 200 mm wid are provided wiih brick masonry in C.M. (l : 6) on
rcar
and
side and rest on C.C bed ( I : 4 : 8) 150 mm thick and having offset on the three
tont
qlnlto 100 mm. Tread ofeach step = 300 mm & ris = 150 mm.

Rear side

both
sides

4. SupeKtructure : All the walls are 200 mm thick excepl two partition walls between bed
toilet and dining & toilet which are consfucted on the floor with a thickness of 100 rnm. The
lFight of walls is 3300 mm to the bottom of R.C.C. roof slab.
a[d

5. Lintels & sun-shrdes : R.C.C. (l : 2 :4) lintels are providej on all openings with
150

mm thickness and same I 50 mm bearing ort either side of openi[g.

R.C.C sunshades are provided on all exterior doors, windows rind ventilators with 90 mm
wall face and 75 mm thickness at free end. The projedion ofsun-shades bgyond
surface is 700 mm.

tlickness at
wall

6. Front verandah :

{he

Front verandah is 1200 mm wide and a souare brick oillar 200 x


provided on right side comer. A R.C.C. beam 200 x 250 mm is provided on both sides
of verandah resting on brick pillar, the height being 2100 mm from floor level to the bottom of
R.C.C. beam. The remaining portion between top of beam and bottom of R.C.C. slab is of brick
masonry in C.M. (l : 6).
200 mm is

3.0

side = 3.5 m Southem side = 2.5 m. Boundaries of the site = l0 m wide


road on Westren side; plot no. 13onSouthemside;plotnollonNo.thernsideandplotno. lgon
Eastern side.

Building D.awings and Their Development

lchapter-s)

SCHEDULE OF DOORS, WINDOWS, VENTILATORS AND CUP BOARDS.

'T1

Designation

[- r obo-'l

umbering

15

CBT 18

Dr :- 2No
D2 =- 3No
Wr - lNo
W2 _ 7No
C.B : 2No

r0

v6

V -

r0 DS 2l
KITCHEN

9 DS

2800 x 3400

DINING

800 x 3400

18

ls wQ t2
l0 wT t2

TOILET

1800

1800
D2

LIVING

4800 x 4200
BED ROOM

4000 x

30.00

w2
12OO

WIDE VERANDAH

209 x 200
BRICK PILLAR

b rooo {
A1,J
FIG. LINE DIAGRAM

Modular size
in mm

Specifications

t000 x 2100

l0 D'r 2l

PUJA

35

3No

-:-Ln_^_ .i dr rr7f
..\
I

Z IUU -

UUU

x I 800
1500 x 1200
1000 x t200
1500 x 1800
900

000

600

Fully panelled
-

dTe''or

Flushed door

Glazed window
Glazed window
Flushed shutters

Glazed ventilator.

Civil Engineering Drawing-l

(Cliapter-51
PARAPET

1OO

MM THICK

PLATE No. 6

R.C.C SLAB 120 mm THICK

200 x 250
R.C.C BEAM

roo

30

c)
o
q

o-

200

DINING ROOM

x
f

o
o
o

o
o

2800

3500

3400
E

*-{-+
I

?ol

oo

rl.

JX

LIJ

W;

OoC)
r-

_l

'

o I
a
L-

(o

r-

@
+

LIVING ROOM
4600 x 42OO

Iw2

w2
BED ROOM

4000

w2

x 3600

'l'L-

'-1

Fco
r-

200

-{

PLOT NO. 19

tt:

6,

i.v

200
50

SECTION LONG - AA

-r

cf)

l-w;t

KITCHEN

Cl')

(f)

300

Fr

,2

o
o
3

300
400
MOSAIC TILED FLOORING
OVER lOO THICK C.C BED

300

388

600

SAND FILLING

400

ELEVATION

-1/-I

f*-

-J

R.C.C BEAM
200 x 250

PLAr

No.@

93 00

COMPOUND
WALL

PLor No.
PLOT NO;

BRICK PILLER
200 x 2AA

200 wtDE'
VERANDAH
1

10 m WIDE ROAD
VIDYA NAGAR 3Td LINE

W,I

t- - - 4000
200

204

RESIDENTIAL BUILI}ING

Building Drawings and Their Development

/
EXERCISE

lchaptr-s|

37

-9

Frortr the given line diagranr of'a residential btrilding develop fully dimensioned plan, section
along ABCID and liont elevation. Drarv these vicu,s to a scale of I : 50 with the following specificarions : (Reler plate No. lj

Specifications

1600

LOBBY

Foundations : Allthe rnain walls 200 mrtt thick in superstructure are taken to a depth
900 mm. The bonom C.C bed (l : 4 : 8) is 850 mm wide and 300 rnm deep. The rernaining depth
600 mm is of stone masonry footing 450 mm thick r'vith equal off set on either side.

of
of

KITCH EN

4. Sit-out:

Entrance of the building is provided rvith a sit out in the form of a quadrartt of a
circle with a radius of 1450 mrn. Similar shape of R.C.C. beam 200 x250 mm is provided with its
bottom at 2100 mm fiom floor level.'fhe remaining portion above the curved beam and bottom of
R.C.C. roof consists of brick masonry wall 200 mm thick.

BED ROOM
4000 x 3600

LIVING
4200 x 3600

Dtl
I

114s

DtslT

; ot,tr

5.

Steps : Steps in the same shape as that of sit-out are provided rvith brick masonry with
tread:300 mm; rise = 150 nun. Rear side steps with the same tread and rise are of spread type
having length of top step equal to 1000 rnm. All thesesteps have a C.C bed foundation 150 mm
thick below G.L.
6. Roofing: Roofingconsists of R.C.C. (l:2:4) slab 120 mm thickand finished with
l2 mm thick weather proof course.7. Parapet : Brick masonry parapet 100 mm thick and 700 mm height is constructed around
the building and is provided with a coping projecting 50 mm beyond the face of the parapet wall.

R.C.C. Lintels and sun-shades : 120 mm thick R.C.C. (l :2 :4) lintels are provided on
;.' openings with a bearing.of 150 mm on either side.
R.C.C. sun-shades extend from bottom of these lintels provided over exterior openings by
r J mm. These are 90 mm thick at the face of the wall and 75 mm thick at free end.
9. The sun-shade at-the entrance is provided extending from the curved beam provided over
thr "it-out.by 600 mm as shown in the line diagrams.
10. Flooring: Flooring consists of Mossaic tiled floor laid over 100 mm C.C. (l :4 : 8) bed.

8.

-'maining depth of basement is filled with sand and well compacted.

Doors, windows, ventilators, almairahs & cup boards


sh." n in the line diagram and as per the schedule given.

: These shall

be provided as

ri
L)

c)
c{
D

Basement : Basement is also of stone masonry 300 mm thick and height of basement is

3. Superstructure : All the walls except in the toilet are of brick masonry and 200 mm
thick. The partition walls in toilets are 100 rnm thick brick masonry walls constructed from plinth.
All the rvalls are taken to a height of 3200 mm from floor level to boftom of R.C.C. roof slab.

lI.

D1

2400 x 3200

450 mm.

Th.'

tzOO

o
o
F @
LU r
F

l.

2.

TOILET

FIG LINE DIAGRAM

Civil Engineering Drawing-l

(Chapter-5)
PLATE No. 7

RCC ROOF SLAB 120 THICK WITH


T2 THICX WEATHER PROOF COURCE
12

r20

;o uu

450

o:

l- *,-l

ELEVATION
600

iv

[Ailf
cl

TOILET

__

KITCHEN

1600

1200

LOBBY

2400 x 3200

]'D1

D?

I
I

:-=l.'
-Y-

l= 6.o
oo
F
J

UJ

Dl

r-

lwr

l-

LIVING
x 3800

Dr

-\

l*'
L-

SITOUT

Z l/t
///"
w

4200

2w

Numberering

l0 DT 2l
r0 DS 20
9 DS 18
rs wQ t2
l0 wT t2

l0v6
600

:-t

Designation

Modular
size in mm

3600
I

12OA

SECTIONALONGAB CD
Schedule of doors, v,indow,s

-.!

t_

BED ROOM

4000 x 3600

800

-*f

_l
Dr

oso---{

I
1

cv

D2

1--

OVER 1OO CC BED

o
F o
o

l*'

MosAlc TILE PL99RING

-T
300

llr

f___-

l-

2No.

Dr 4 No.
D2 2 No.
W 2No.
Wr 4 No.
V 2No.

x 2t00
x
I 000
2000
1000

x I 800
1500 x 1200
1000 x t200
900

000

x 600

A _ ALMAIRAH

1500 x

C.B

25A0 x 2000

Note .' All dimensions are in mrn.

Specifications

Fully Panelled Door


Flush Door
Flush Door
Glazed Window
Glazed Windorv
Glazed Ventilator

200

A RfiSIDENCE

Building Drawings and Their DeYelgp^mjtnt


EXERCISE

- 10

The cottage cum rest house is to be planned with trvo bed rooms, hall, kitchen
garage and clos0d verandah, with intemal dimensions as below'
4

&

dining,

Iil WIUC AIlu 4l


-a.-

Hall

4.2

^s

4.6 m

Bedrooms (l)3.6x 4.2m


(2) 4.2 x 4.6 m

Kitchen =
Dining
Garage

Not less than 7.5 sq.m in area


4.2

x 3.2m

2.5 m wide

Attached toilet to bed rooms and general toilet have to be provided suitably.
Refer plate no. 8 and draw the views given to a scale

of I

: 50.

line
From the given detailed drawings list out the detailed specifications and draw the
diagram rquired for developing the plan given.

{Chapte r- 5}

IU

Civil Engineerlng Drawing-l (CitaDter-Sl


PLATE No. 8
TPARAPET

120 R.C.C. SLAB FINISHED WITH TWO COURSES


OF FLAT TILES INC.M (1 : 4) TO A THICKNESS 40 mm

ioo THtcK

999.40

1207
I

f050
I

600
21 00

_J00

-I---ru?oi v

- -r

-*;

-l

TOIL ET

-l
o
o
rt
crF

(fF

90

XI

r-

x 4600
BED ROOM

42A0

t-

r - V--]

SECTION AT .
FLOORING:MOSAIC TILED
FLOORING OVER, 100 mm

o
OF
NLU
tj

op

loo

300

i- "'l--;

c)

800 ri 290

ELEVATION

c)

[rJ

zR
LUo
3X
Fo

;F

:cg(\I

[*,

C.C. BED

-l
wrl
_J

3200

SECTIONALONGAB CD

Schedule of doors, windovls

.'

3600

4200
BED ROOM

Nu m

'ou{$
-1
wr;
v. I
I

4200 x 3200
DtNtNG IF

lw

D,

- j--

-3200

s ws

,?{rDr

3600

Dl

2500

VERAI.J DAH

9 DS

18

7 DS

18

wQ t2
t0 wT t2
15

2570
!

pecifications

in mm

s00

ws

r00 on either

side

of 1 000 DT 2000

side of panelled door

Dr-4No

1000 x 2000

Flush Door

Dr: I No.
D,:4No.

900 x r 800
700 x I 800
1500 x r 200
1000 x t200

Flush Door

DT 2A/5 WS l0

(D:
l0 DS 20

size

t IF

Mocl u la r

bering

lNo)

w
Wr _

6No.

Glazed windows on either

Flush Door
Glazed- Window

Glazed Window

RAMP

r; ;.----;
3600--*T

arf-_-

42oo#pLAN
li

42oo

-,

,J

R _ ROLLING SHUTTER
Note .' All dimensions are in rnm.

COTTAGE CUM REST HOUSE

Stirs and

Staircases lchaptr-61
6.2

ffi

Maximum riser and minimum width of Tread or Going.

lollows

Ti?e cf buitding

l-he stairs are a series of steps properly arranged to connect different floors in a building. The
hall or room in which the stairs are located is called a stair case.

6.1

fiom floor to floor.

SOME OF THE TERMS USED IN STAIRS

150 mm

300 mm

(b) Domestic building

190 mm

250 mm

3. Minimum

width of stair case (width of flight)

buildings

buildings

=
=

1.0 m
1.5 m

head room : The minimum clear head room in any stair case shall be 2.2 m

4. Width of landing: The width of landingshould in no case be less than width of the stairor
flighr width.
is known

as flight.

6.3

TYPES OF STAIRS

Depending on the direction of the flight, these are classified

6. Landing: A horizontal

platform between two flights of stair is called landing. A landing


which extends to full rvidth of stair case, is termed as half space landing. When it extends only for
half of the stair case width, it is known as quarter space landing.

7. Going : It is the horizontal distance between the faces of two consecutive risers.
8. Hand rail : Wooden or metallic rail which is generally provided on the sides of stairs at
about 750 mm for hand hold and safety of users is termed as hand rail. The vertical height from top
of rail to the surface of tread should not be more than 850 mm and should not be less than 750 mm.

9. Waist : The thickness of

R.C.C. slab over which steps are constructed is known as waist

or waist slab.
is the

This stair runs in one direction. All steps will be


mediate landing or with one or two intermediate landings.

hand rail and edges of the treads to

support the hand rail.


12. Balustrade : The combined frame work of hand rail and baluster is called as balustrade.
13. Winders : They are angular or radiating steps and are provided to change the direction

flight without introducing any landing.


14. Nosing :

A small outer projection of a tread beyond the riser is known

as nosing.

of

in one flight without any

inter-

(ii) Quarter - turn stair :


In this, steps are ananged in two flights and two flights make an angle of 900 separatedi

by a landing

(iii) Half - turn stair : The two flights will be separated by a landing so that the change

verticaldistance between the tread of a step and bottom ofthe flight

l. Baluster : It is the vertical member placed between

as

(i) Straight flight stair :

the direction

roomr It

or landing immediately above.

(a) Public building

(b) Public

part of a step which is used to rest the foot while ascending

3. Riser : The vertical member between two treads is known as riser.


4. Rise : It is the vertical distance between surfaces of two consecutive steps.
5. Flight : A series of continuous steps without any break or horizontal platform

Minimum tread
without nosing

(a) Residential

or descending the stairs.

10. Head

Max-inturn riser

2. Minimum

l. Step : A part of stairs consisting of a tread and riser which is used to ascent or descent
-from one
floor to the other.
2. Tread : The horizontal upper

According to the building byelaws the maximum riser and minimum' width of tread are as

.\,,,\-/^\.2^\-/,v^.\:/^v,\

Stairs are the means of vertical communication

SOME OF THE GUIDING VALUES

l.

srnrRs AND srnrRcASES

4r

is

1800.

Depending on the arrangement of flights, the stairs may be classified as.

(i)
(ii)
(iii)

Dog-legged stair
Open Well stair either with half tum or quarter turn.

Biturcated st4ir

(iv) Circular stair or spiral


(v) Geometrical stair
(vi) Semi- elliptical

stair

'12

Civil Ensineering

/a/"

(Chapter-61
Drawing-l
&--v*-*v-,--,

*v----

These are shown in fig. 6.1.

More commonly used stairs are

(i)

Dog-legged stair

and

(ii) Open-well

stair.

In most of the residential buildings dog - legged stairs are commonly used. In case of public
buildings open'weii stairs may be preierreci.

SECTION D-D

SECTION A.A

SECTION B-B

DOG LEGGED
FtG. 6.1

ELEVATION

SECTION C-C

PLAN
QUARTER TURN

SECTION E-E

HALF TURN OPEN WELL

z-QUARTER TURN
OPEN WELL

UP
PLAN
BIFURCATED

PLAN

Figure 6.3 shows the plan and section of a Dog - legged stair to il Iustrate the different terrns
involved in stairs, like head room, floor height, landing, tread, rise etc.,

CIRCULAR

GEOMETRICAL
DIFFERENT TYPES OF STAIRS

SEMI.ELLIPTICAL

Sta ir s

Staircases

(Chapter-6)

HEADRooMANDFLooRHEIGHT
FLOOR
OR

ROOF

LANDING
I

FLOOR
= I{EIGHT BETWEEN
HEIGHT
FLOOR
=
= TREAD
= RISE

I
C

Ir

u
Le

sEcrloN oN 'c'D'

Dr
rec
Ins;

Hei
NOTE :

WTHOUT BEAM

Thir

TANDING SI.AB
MAY BE SUPPORTED
IN WALLS A.A
OR IN THE B

wid
Calr

Nu
PLAN OF R.C.C. STAIR

PLAN OF R.C.C. STAIR

FlG.6.3

Civil Engineering

#*14

rawing-l

(Chbpter-61

';,{
,:#'

#
l.

EXERCISE

-tI

Arrangingintwoflights,No.ofrisesineachflat:+

Draw the plan and sectional elevation on C-D (as indicated in the plan) to a scale of
with the following details : (Refer plate 9-l).

:20
No. of treads required in each fligttt = 12

Type of stair : Dog-legged half turn


No. oi flights

Provide I I No. of treads in each flight; width of open well

l0

Tread of each steP : 250 mm


Rise of each step : 150 mm
Width of flight - 1000 mm
Height of each flight - 1650 mm
Height between floors - 3300 mm

Length

:
:

1000

:2000

mm

')
.J

.?

Width of

flight=

- 300b mm
3

000

II

Data available from the above calculation

:4.

#,

Calculations

No. of flight

-2

- 1500 mm
Width of top landing : 1530 mm

Width of intermediate landing between two flights

150 mm

1500 mm

Width of open well

I 500

mm

:&

212.2 mm

Width of each flight

Inside dimensions of staircase = 6m x 4.5 m

6000 -2(1s00)

This 30 mm space is provided at the beginning of first landing.

stair with
9-2).
rectangular well for an office building with the following data (Refer plate no-

Thickness of floor slab

width of flight

- 270 x I I - 2970 mm
Remaining length - 3000 - 297A - 30 mm

(10 x25a)+2(1000) :4500mm


Draw to a scale I :20,the plan and sectional elevation along A-B of a openwell

:3'60

1500 mm

Total length of goings

'fotal goings in one flight + 2 (width of landings)

Height between the floors

1-

Providing tread of each step equal to 270 mm

2 x width of flights

=2

(1500

Now tread of each steP :

Inside dimensions of the stair case room

-2

Length available for all I I goings in each t'light

Calculations to draw the above views.


Length of landing

4500

Providing landings width

Any other data required may be suitably assumed'

: width of room - 2 (width of

flight)

No. of steps in each flight

Width

- I =II

- 2970 mm
No. of treads in each flight No. of rises in each flight - 12
Tread - 270 mm; Rise : 150 mm
Length of open well

:Y.

Number of steps required (selecting rise as 150 mm)

600
150

-24

1500 mm

Stairs and Staircases

(Chapter-6)
1st FLOOR LEVEL

,-

1*-

PLATE:

R C..C HAND

-T

25O

-t

HALF LANDING

l.

270 TREAD

o
lf)

157 RISE

(o

't

and

bath.

(l:4:8)

!t-

WAIST

SLAB

Tht
150

nd depth

250

*l \

The

L-l
3
-*rri

o footin
SECTION ON - AB

2.I
ment

is

receive fl
ELEVATION ON

-l_
-r

f*

1000

SECTION 'AA

2500

3.
1

O0o

ls

-*l

ight

Sl

are I0r
frorn :

4. sti
with

wi

+
A

A
o
o
N

x 27O=2970

1000 x 2100

1200

1200

Note : All dimensions are

f--

DOG LEGGED STAIR

11

wi

PLAN

9.1

DIMENSIONS ARE IN

PLAN OF R.C.C. STAIR


MTN.

P = 1000 x 2100 mm
l/{ = 1200 x 1200 mm

OPEN WELL
9.7

,T
'Ri
,, No.
:.': Lgn
Hei

Civil Engineering
EXERCISE

D.awing-l

I I2

Height from ground floor to landing

No. of rises x 150 = 12 x 150 = 1800 mm

I : 50 the (a) plan (b) section along A-A and (c) front elevation as shown
plate- t 0 with following specifications.
Draw to a scale of

,;n

the

l.

Foundations : All the walls are load bearing walls except the partition walls in toilets
These
load bearing waiis are taken to a ciepth oi i000 mm below G.L. and rest on C.C.
,antibath.
g) bed 800 mm wide and 300 mm deep.
itt
'+ '
The first footing is 500 mm wide with equal
depth

offset on either rtd.

(*#)

= ,ro

Similarly height from landing to first floor = 12 x 150 : 1800 mm


At the end of second flight R.C.C. beam 250 x 300 mm is provided below the roof slab, as
shown in the plan &- section.
The stair case room is taken to a height of 2500 mm and covered with R.C.C. (l :2 :4) slab
120 mm thick and the slab is projected 600 mm beyond the face of the walls on all sides.

5. Roofing : Roofing consists of

**

6. Flooring : Flooring

of the footing is 400 mm.

(l

2. Basement : All load

bearing walls are 300 mm thick in basement and the height of


ment is 600 mm. The basement is filled with sand and well compacted for laying sub base
receive flooring tiles.
the main walls are 300 mm thick in super structure and the partition

lsare 100 mm thick constructed from floor level. The walls are taken to a height such that the

from floor to floor is 3.6 m (inclusive of R.C.C. slab thickness).

4. Stair case : Dog-legged stair


with the following details.

case

half-tum landing is provided in the left side of entrance

Width of flight = 900 mm


Width of landing = 920 mm
Tread/going of each step = 280 mm
Rise of each step

150 mm

No. of treads in each flight


ngth or eac

flight-ll

R.C.C.

(l

:2

:4) slab

I ; width of hand rail :

x280:3080mm

Height of hand rail from tread

- 7 50 mm

100 rnm

stones of different colours like grey, red,

8.

120 mm thick.

is of Mosaic tiles l5 mm thick over C.C bed

7. Front elevation : The front'face of wall is given

The second footing is 400 mm wide with 50 mm offset on either side and 300 mm in depth.
: a).
o footings are of brick masonry in C.M.

3. Superstructure : All

{Cha ptsr- 6l

(l

:4:

8) 100 mm thick.

a surface rendering by fixing granite

& black etc.

Doors & windows : Doors, windows and ventilators shall be provided

as indicated in the

plan.

9. Lintels &

sun-shades
doors, windows and ventilators.

: R.C.C. lintels

150 mm thick are provided over all openings like

Isolated sun-shades are provided over all windows, ventilators and doors provided in the
external walls projecting 700 mm beyond the face of walls.

Staircases lchapter-6)

Stairs and

ro THlcx R.c.c

47

P[.,ATE : l0

SLAE

colu

ELEVATION

r :--1
Vl

700

l- *;--i

IIOSAIC TILE

mm THICK OVER A
C.C. 8ED OF t00 mm

lvf
o
o
oF
s{ tl1
x/

3300 x 3d00

o9
gF

KITCHEN

-t

v. I

-_J

SECTION ALONG A-A

f--

Scheciule of doors, windov's

l*,

Design a tion

f-rV
r_-

FLOORING

l5

3200 wlDE
LIVING CUM

800 rl 500
TOILET

DINING

Numberering

I\'lodular
size

4000 x 4500

WS r2lr r DT

1?J.6

WS I

2No

Specifica tions

in mm

ll00 x

2lO0

BED ROOM

ll00 x 2100 Pancllcd


door combined on its two single
600 x 1200 shutter windowl
(one in cither side of door with

f---

glass pares)

l*;

-'l

L-

3300

*'l

{200

t*o

I DT/21

D, -

lNo

I100

x 2lo0

Panclled

l0 DS/20

Dr -

ZNo

1000

20OO

Single shutter flushcd door

9DSr20

Dr -

lNo

9O{)

2O00

DS/IE

Dr -

4No

700

W -

7No

I 100

x 1800
x 1200

,ritir

shutter

-do

BED ROOM

{roo

*;?bt;tffl

--1

j':!'

i: [: i1' r,:- iiJ'


:i
f - -- - - -- -lTi

::j rA

--J
-- -.-.- r
trrtrrEl:r-I]:l=rl-.
n;j
l*Fpldf I'l'f '1"1"!
-,
-

t0 wT t2

Glazed

windo'*' with-two

shutters

I.

Note

@0

400

600

600

V V. -

4No
2No

6ffi x
600

400
600

Glazed ventilator
Glazed ventilator

All dimensions are in mm


TWO BED ROOMED HOUS

(1

:1

CEME

48
vvvvvvvvvvvvvv

vvv

Drawino-t {Chaorr-6t
vvvvvvv\.,vvvv-vvvJvvvv-v\./\,/WvWvivvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
Civil Enqineerino

EXERCISE

I I3

l-he plan, section and elevation of two storeyed framed structure are shown in plate No. I l.
to
Draw a scale of I :50 the following viervs rvith the specifications as given below

vvvvv

The isolated colttmn- footings (R.C.C.


concrete bedding and are taken to a depth

(c) Section along AB and

All

these columns

(d) Front elevation.

of

! :2 :4) rest on these !eve!!ing

Foundations : All the columns which are designated as C, are 200


columns marked as C, are 200 x 300 rnm in size.

b1:

R.C.C. beams 200

200 and the two

1000

-----+

3.

_t
x

200 R.c.c
COLUMN

Stairs : Dog - legged stair with half turn landing is provided for vertical communication

Width of each flight

:-

Width of landing

_ 1000 mm

Tread

R.C.C. COLUMN

Height of hand rail

800

200

200

FOOTING

(t:4:8)PLAIN
rooo --{

CRETE
LEVELTING COURSE

FOR

COlUitN

C,

27

5 mm (ln both the floors)

_ 150 mm

100

---100

100

100

+1ooo_-4

LEVELLING

4.

FOR COLUMN Cr

from the tread surface

- 750 mm

Width oi hand rail

:90

Balconies

: Balconies

mm

are provided

in front and rear side as shown in the plan and


ms proJec tng

C.S. of cantilever beam (B)

200

Rise in first floor


200 x 300-;<

:2

I going

1000 mm

Rise in ground floor

I 600

R.C.C. (1

the panels in ground floor

: 6).

as shown in the plan.

1;r00

(l

floor level to top of roof slab).

200

3,s0

The hight of roof in the ground floor is 3200 mm and in the first floor it is 3000 mm (from

'

-+

of basement is 600 mm

and first floor is with brick masonry walls 200 mm thick in C.M.

t
t

leaii

(b) Below R.C.C. roof slab

2. Brick masonry in super structurc : T'he portion between

;'-C .:r 20C Cn'

of

1900 mm with trapezoidal shape as shown bclor.v

(C, and C,) are laterally connected

Basemenl :- Height

!i

courses

(a) At ground level and

l.

il

v\

The size of the column footing for square columns is 1000 x 1000 mm, where as for
rectangular columns the footing size is 1000 x 1500 rnrn. All colurnn footings resl on levelling
course consisting (l :4 :8) concrete with 40 mm hard broken granite stones laid to a thickness ol'
100 mm.

(a) Ground floor Plan

(b) First floor plan

vvv

m beyond the walls.

350 at the the junction with main beam and 200

200 at the free end.

Sta irs and Sta irca se s


Hand railing.ls provided alround the balconies and is at a height of 800 mm, thickness
being 100 mrn.

Rooling R.C.C. roof slab 120 mm thick is laid both in ground floor and first floor. Same
ihickness of roof slab is laid over srair _ case room.

5. Height of s.tair-case room : Access is provided to go from the first floor to the open
tnace and the height stair-case provided for this purpose is with 2500 mm clear height. The roof
slab over the stair case projects 750 mm on all four sides.
6. Flooring : Flooring

consists of mossaic tiled flooring over a C.C.


mm thick in ground floor and over R.C.C. roof slab in first floor.

(l

: 4 : 8) bed

of 100

7.

Doors, windows, ventilators & cup boards : The doors, windows, ventilators and cupboards shall be provided as given in the schedule below :
Designation

Numbers

r0 DS 20

9DS20

Modular size
in mnr

Specifications

000

x 2000

Panelled with single shutr,;:

D, _7No.

900

2000

Flushed door single shutter

9 DS 18

D^I

9C0

7 DS 18

700

wR t2

Dj _4No.
W -4No.

wT t2

'W,

15
12

6V 4
20G

12

_ 14 No.

V -6No.
G-2

Cupboards

C.B.: 4 No.

Alrnairahs

_2No.

8. Parapet : Shall be taken

800

x 1200
1200 x t200
1500

tioo

-do-do-

900

400

x 120_0
3000 x I 500
1800 x 1500
2000

Glazed window three panels


Glazed with two panels

Glazed ventilator
M.S. Grill

as 100 mm thick and 700 mm height.

: Any other data needed shall be assumed suitably

(Chapter-61

50

Civit Ensineering

Drawing-t

(Chsptr-61

TWO STOREYED FRAMED STRUCTURE

PLATE No. I I

I
B

r
B

rl

KITCHEN

ot
ol
vl

lct

--t

BED ROOM

4800 x 4600

w1

c)

2300 wtDE
DINING

4600 '.-3000

r3l

v/,

I
I

lw

__l
V

2100

x 1500

240A

2100
V

c2

ARCH

--J

.rLfiJ

{.

L-

1500

TOILET

2400 * 1 500

-\
Dr

t--

10

l1 -tt rl-l fI
j5i q_

c2

2OOO WIDE

OP EN ING

800

500

vz

;t

\-

4600 x 4600

LIVING

BED ROOM

1 600
F--G----

cl

HH

25

I I

BI

c/c

)rl
-f

4800

.5_

4800 x 4600

00 c/c

-1

vl

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

4800 x

4600
LIVING

4600 x 4600
BED ROOM

vl
_l

-t
wt;

*,f

-J
c2T

c2

r z'ool

2500 ctc

ARCH 2ooo
WIDE OPENING

li:l

ctc

--l

4800 x 4600

w'l
TOILET

KITCH EN

TOILET

TOILET

BED ROOM

2300 wtDE
DiNING

4600 x 300
I

t'L

c1

wl

,l

FIRST FIJOOR PLAN

r11

lcr

- t-1'lt-<

wr

.lz so

20 nrrn WF:A-Il".lER PROOF


COUTiSE

OVER120RCCSLAB

'l-

-Tto
200

200

-1800

+"

120

200
CANTI LEVER
BEAM

t.
I

600

sl

i^l

ji-I
I

ELEVATION

1600

F;;i-

The details of column footings are shown in page. 48 instead

R.C.C PLINTH BEAM

200 x

MOSAIC TILED
FLOORING 20 THICK

ovER loo THICK I 1-

fffl

c'c BA'E

E=li

350

ll
fl

JL

(i

=--J

SECTION ON A B

NOTE:ALL DIMENSIONS ARE lN mrn

of

drawing here.

ELEVATION

SECTION ON

Note : All dimensions are in mm


a'lr^-rr

Civil Ingineering Drawing-l

(Chapter-6)
TO BE TNCORPORATED

THE STANI'ARI' FORMAT FOR OBTAINING SANCTION FROM LOCAL BODY FOR A RESIDENTTAL BUILDING (TWO STOREYED, TWO BED ROOM
BUILDING) INCLUDINC A RAINWATER HARVESTINC STRUCTURE).

Following drawings are to sub mitted to accord permission for construction of a residential building

(a)

tt

il
i
7

Building plan

The pkn is !o be drau,n to I scale of lcm = lm. [n the case ofa multi storeyed building say two storeyed building plan ofground floor and first floor are to be
dlawn on the building. The plan shall clearly indicate essential servics such as w.C, sinlq bath .oom etc.

i
1
!

/shatl

include sectional elev.tion and front levatiol. The drawing shall include terrece plan indicating lfie drainsge .nd slop of the roof. The
occupancy ofall parts ofthe building shall be indicated.
The dnwing

t,

l
t

,i
'1

'i
ii

(b)

Site plan

The boundalies ofthe site ofthe owner and position ofsite of neighbours also shall be clearly indicated. The site plal is to be drawn to. scale of 1:1000. The site
plan shall clearly indicatc the position of street (main) and stuica streeb any. It shall essentially indicate stbacks providd. The merns ofaccess ofsite shall b
clsrly indicated. Site plan shall clearly speciry the plot (site) area and dimensions of boundaries and proposd build up area in the site. The widlh ofadjoinilg
streets shall be clearly mentioned. lrcation of min harvesting pits .nd drawings orere of shall be shown in sile plar.

(c)

Location plan

Location of site clearly indicating suwey No., ward No. etc., shall be dlawn though not be a scale.

(d)

Service plan

tn this plan, layout of water supply pipes and drainage Iines is to be cle.rly shown.

(e)

Specifications

Spcifications regarding construction shall be cleady mentioned i.., for e"xample whethers it is R-C.C. constuction or Brick ino.ks and grade of mix and mortar
shall be cleatly mentioned.

(O

Details of openings

Numbcr, size and qudity of doors and windows shall be cle.rly mcntioned.

(g)

Schedule

of

areas

Total site area, Covered sra, Total floor area and F.A.R shall be clearly mcrtioned in the area schedule.

Note : For more details refer to building byclaws frahed by the concemed local aulhorities.

Stairs and
EXERCISE

Staircass lchaptr-61
5.
6.

14

Plate No. l2 shows the Plan and Elevation of a "Primary Health Centre". Draw plan, section
along X-X and Elevation to a scale of I : 100 from the specifications given below :

l.

For*ndations : A$ the walh ineluding +erandah retaining wal{ arc taken+o+ dep+h
1.2 m below Cround level. The walls up to basement are of Store Masonry.

450 mm deep

Basement

600 mm deep

300 mm wide

The foLrndation consists of C.C bed 900 mm wide

Parapet : Thickness of parapet wall is 100 mm and taken to a height

of

53

700 mm.

Doors &.Windows : All doors are single leaf flushed doors and windows are glazed type.

For front opening of 4.0 m wide, collapsible door is provided.


D

cf

:
W:
V:
D,

lst footing 600 mm wide x 450 mm deep


2nd footing 450 mm wide

, -

x
1000 x
750

1800 mm
1200 mm

Ventilator 400 mm

650 mm

Note :Any other data required may be assumed suitably from the experience gained from previous

exercises.

300 mm deep

I : 4 : 8)

2. Superstructure: All the walls are 200 mm thick and of brick masonry in C.M
The height of walls from floor levelto the bottom of R.C.C. roof slab is 3.3 m.

(l

: 5).

Brick pillars 200 mm x 200 mm at 3 100 mm ClC are constructed in front verandah and are
taken to a height of 2100 mm and R.C.C. beam 200 mm x 350 mm is laid overthese pillars as
shown in plan by dotted lines. The remaining height (between top of R.C.C. beam and R,C,C roof
slab) is filled with brick masonry 200 mm thick.
Continuous sun-shade from the beam projects 700 mm from the outside face of pillars. For
the other exterior winciows anci ventiiaioru, isoiated sun-shades extending from the bottom of lintels
over respective openings with the same projection beyond the face of wall are provided. Thickness
of sun-shades at wall face is 75 mm and at free end, its thickness is 50 mm.
R.C.C. lintels 120 mm thick with a bearing of 150 mm on either side of opening are provided
on all doors, windows & ventilators.

At the entrance 4.0 m wide opening is provided and height of opening is 2.1 m. R.C.C. beam
x 400 mm is laid over this opening, the remaining height is with brick masonry wall.

200 mm

Another R.C.C. beam (shown with dotted lines in the plan) 200 mm
the waiting hall.

475 mm is provided in

3. Flooring : Flooring consists of polished Shahabad Stone slabs 25 mm thick over C.C.
(l :4:8) bed 100 mm thick. The remaining depth of basement is filled with crushed quarry gravel
and fully compacted.

4. Roofing : Roofing consists of R.C.C. slab 120 mm thick and is finished with 2 courses
of flat tiles 150 x 150 x 10 mm laid in C. M (l : 4) as weather proof course.

lr^.-f-^:..

64-

Civil Engineering

Drawing-l

(Chapter-6)
PLATE No. 12

RURAL HOSPITAL

r- - --J
1wl

fI

t-

*I

-Ttoo

-l

r-

l*

wt
-J

MALE DOCTQR'S
ROOM
4000 x 3800

HALL FOR 1O BED.S

6000 x

7000

ELEVATION

!-;-l

!'-- w

-l

LADY DOCTOR'S
ROOM

3000 x

3800

Note : All Dimensions are in mm

-t
wl

TECHNICIAN'S
ROOM

!-;-l

f-

sW

t-;

[l
t-

l:-

fv

CLINICAL LAB
o
.(3
o
gal-r?
FUJ x
zJ

utFo

otr3
N

3000 x

c.

5000

OFFICE ROOM

4000 x

3000

500

DISPENSARY

4000 x

3000

o
o
o
uJrl
dx

o
Fo

NURSE'S ROOM

3000 x

3000

a3

LADIE'S
TOILET

2000

lso

Tzoo

----.--L---J

&

;lrl

t
I
I

3000

3000

-1

VI

c\l

't
-J

r-

l;TI

2000

2OO X 2OO BRICK PILLARS


AT 3100 C/C

-rt

2oo

Stai.s and
EXERCISE

Staircases lchaptsr-61
of

Fully dimensioned Plan and Elevation of a "Primary School" are shown in Plate No : 13. Draw
: .* given plan to a scale of I : 100 and section along, ABCD with its front elevation, to suit the
irecifications given below :

l. Foundation: All the walls including verandah retaining wall are taken to a depth of
i.2 m and reston C.C (l :4 : 8) bed 1000 mm wide x 300 mm deep. The remaining part of the
tbundation consists of brick masonry in C.M (l : a) footings as below :
lst footing 700 mm wide x 300 mm

deep

2nd

footing 600 mm wide x 300 mm

deep

3rd

footing

500 mm wide

5. Roofing : Roofing consists


R.C.C. roof slab 130 mm thick and is finished with
weather proof course consisting of two courses of flat tiles 150 x 150 x l0 mm embeded in C.M.
: a). R.C.C. slab has full bearing on walls and extends I50 mm beyond the outer edge of the

(l

walls.

6.

Parapet : Thickness of parapet wall is 100 mm and is taken to a height of 700 mm,
50 nrnrr thiryk csping is provided over the parapet.

7. Flooring: Flooring consists of 25 mm thick Shahabad stone slabs over 100 mtn thick
C.C bed. The remaining depth of basement is filled with gavel and well compacted.

8. Doors & Windows

300 mm deep

: 5) and

: At the entrance collapsible gate 3.0 m wide is provided.

D=

Door with two shutters flushed type I .2 m

=
W:

Door with single shutter flushed type 0.75 m

D,

2. Basement : The thickness of wall in basement is 400 mm and the height of basement
is 750 mm.
3. Superstructure : Allthe walls are 300 mm thick with brick masonry in C.M (l

FE

Window glazed 1.2 m

2.1 m

1.8 m

1.4 m

Note : Suitable assumptions can be made if needed.

takert to a height of 3.6 m to the bottom of R.C.C roof slab from floor level.

The interior corridor is 2.5 m wide ( to the edge of verartdah retaining wall from face of
the superstructure wall) and 300 mm x 300 mm brick pillars are provided with their spacing
as mentioned in the plan. These pillars are taken to a height of 2.1 m and R.C.C. beam 300 mm x
450 mm is laid on all three sides.

A short wall 100 mm thick (dwarf wall) and 900 mm height is constructed between these
brick masonry pillars and the remaining height of 1.2 m is covered with M.S. grills.

tt00

R.C.C. beams are also provided over the entrance (3000 mm wide) and on the other side
m wide at a height of 2.1 m from floor level.
:
Other beams provided in (verandah) conidor are at the bottom of R.C.C. roof slab.

4. Lintels &

Sun-shades : R.C.C. Iintels 150 mm thick are provided on all


viz.,
op,,:;rings
doors & windows with a bearing of 150 mm on either side.

intertr

On the exterior side a continuous lintel beam is provided and from this linted beam,
sun-.:iade extends which is continuous alround the building to a length of 600 mm from the face of
the r. ..i.
,^,2\.

- v v vv

v v v v v v v v v vvv

v v v v v v v v v v v v v v vv

v v vv\

/\.--../

56

Ciril Engineering Drawing-l lchapter-61


PLATE No. 13

SCHOOL BUILDING

='t,t,,

ELEVATION
D

=Tl
i

-w-'w-

I
I

w-w

600

r
{-50
u)oo

. Jo

I
I

LABORATORY

CLASS ROOi\4
7500 x 6000

CLASS ROOM
6000 x 7500

PHYSICAL
EDUCATION
6000 x 6000

9000 x 6000

Ig."
J(9

9so
Fo<>

ilIV fsoo
ll

t,

u$ t;

6000

D1
I

300

W
25 00

WIDE CORRIDOR

2500

_j

600

I
I
I

CLASS ROOM
6000 x 7000

BRICK PILLARS 3OO X


AT 35OO C/C EXCEPT
LAST PILLAR

Note : All Dimensions are in mm

BRICK PILLARS 3OO X

3OO

AT 3000 c/c

Wi

M.S. GRILL OVER DWARF WALL

ll

|-sooo{

ri

3oo

STAFF ROOM
6000 x 4000

I
I

300 x

300 BRtcK PTLLARS AT 3500 C/C


-1

2500 wtDE
I

I
I

Yv
I

ti

HEAD MASTER
ROOM
6000 x 2850

''

-r-J-

:
I

ENTRANCE

6000 YvrDE

oFFlcE

6000 x 2850

CLASS ROOM

7500 x

6000

CLASS ROOM

7500 x

0000

ROOM
7500 x 6000
CLASS

o
I

CLASS ROOM
7500 r 6000.

W-W-

a.-)

PLAN

J d)

E
6o

Fgobo{

Fo
UI

I
a

- -r

tu,,

1"
600

Sta ir s

Staircases

57

(Cha pter- 6)

EXERCISE . t 6

Continuous lintel is laid (door & window openings) at a height of 2.1 m from floor level and
similar sun-shade shall be provided on all exterior sides.

The line diagram showing the Plan of "DIVISIONAL ENGINEER'S OF'FICE" is shown in
the Plate 14. Draw to a scale of I : 100

120 mm and finished with weather proof course 22mm


thick shall be provided. Roofing slab will project by 100 mm beyond the external wall face-

(a) Fully dimensioned plan,


(b) Section

along ABCD, and

(c) Front elevation from


Specifications

the given specifications

l. Foundations : All the walts including verandah retaining walls are taken to a depth of
1.5 m below ground level and founded on C.C. bed (l : 4 : 8) 1000 mm wide x 300 mm deep.
The C.C bed is laid over 150 mm thick sand bed thoroughly watered and compacted.
The remaining depth of 1.2 m consists of two stone masonry footings each 600 mm deep
and 700 mm; 500 mm wide respectively.
Basement : Stone masonry 400 mm thick and 600 mm height becomes the basement.
Over basement 50 mm thick D.P.C. is laid.

2.

3. Superstructure : All the walls in superstructure are of brick

masonry and 300 mm


thickness. These walls are taken to a height of 3.3 m from floor level to bottom of R.C.C. roof slab.
The two toilets meant for executive engineer and P.A. to executive engineer are partitioned

by brick wall 100 mrn thick.


Beams; Portico; Lintels & Sun-shades : The corridors in three sides are
of 2.5 m wide including the thickness of verandah retaining wall. Square brick pillars 300 mm x
300 mm are constructed over the verandah retaing wall at 3 m CiC. (The C/C spacing can be
adjusted from 3 m to 3.3 m if the length of conidor works out to be impossible to strictly provide
3.0 m as C/C spacing).

4. Brick pillars,

Front entrance is 2.0 m wide and provided with a collapsible gate (D,) to a height of 2.1 mrlso M.S.Grills are provided as indicated by G and G, in the plan.

R.C.C. beam 300 mmx 425 mm is provided over ttte entrance opening from which a front
portico 3.0 m wide projecting 2.5 m from the outer face of the wall shall be provided..
T - beam 300 mm

500 mm are provided at 3.0 m CiC in the clerical section.,

The square brick pillars in the conidor shall be taken to a height of 2.1 m over which R.C.C.
beam 300 mm x 450 mm is laid. From this beam, continuous sun-shade projecting 700 mm beyond
the face of the wall shall be provided.

5. RC.C. Roof : R.C.C. roofing

Terrazo tiled roofing l2 mm thick perfectly laid & joined shall be provided
tflftmmrhirk Qrritclrlerrreteri*lsh*lll|]erl<edfnfilltheremainingoortionofthe

6. Flooring:
q v.v uvu
uYvI
^i;;;o117+ti;,txf

basement.

7. Parapet Watl :

100 mm thick

brick masonry parapet shall be provided to a height of

700 mm and top is finished with a coping projecting 50 mm.

8.

Doors, Windows

D:
D,

=
WVG:
G,:
D,

& Ventilators

Door with double shutter (flushed) 1200 x 2100


CollaPsible gate 3000

2100

Door with Single shutter (flushed) 750


WindowfullYglazed 1200

1800

1500

Ventilator glazed 600 x 450

x
M.S. Grill 1500 x

M.S. Grill 1800

Note: l. M.S. Grills

1500
1500

are provided over a dwarf wall 100 mm thick and 600 mm height.

2. Any other data shall be assumed suitably.

Civil Engineering Drawing-l

DIVISIONAL ENG INEER'S OFFICE

PLATE No.

WW
BLUE
PRINT
ROOM

4000 -z 6

DRAUGHT'S MEN
ROOM

7000 x

Tnnn
f vvv

6000

TECHNICAL
SECTION AND
.RECORDS

TECH NICAL

ASSISTANTS

25OO

v AfrAfi
\rvvv

7000 x

6000

SA N ITA RY

UNIT
/lnnn
avvv

Ltv\,v
x An^n

WIDE CORRIDOR

EX EC UTIVE

ENGINEER
7000

6000 x

o
E.
E,

O
UJ

O
o
tr)
N

2500 wtDE coRRtDoR

D
_-J

Fo
Zo

z<
o s3
zx

f
2o Oo
C)o
Q

?3

SANITAflY
CLERICAL SECTION
1

5000 x 6000

STATIONARY
ROOM

4000 x 6000

UNIT

4000 x

600Q

Note

1. All dimencions are in

mm

,_

2. The dimensions given for the roorns.


are internal clear dimensions

of verandah retaining wall.

LINE DIAGRATTI SHOWING T}TE PLAN

(Cha pter- 6)

14

EXERCISE
ROOM

ROOM

ROOM

3.3 x 4

3.3 x 4

3x4
KITCHEN
9.5 x 8

I I7

The dimensioned plan of an hostel building and plan of one floor consisting six apaftments
in a floor are shown in Plate No. 15 and 16. Draw to a convenient scale the plans of the above
assuming the suitable wall thickness.
trY

fLAl

DINING

9.5 x 13
ROOM

4 x 3.3

o
o

ROOM

o
(J

TYPICAL SECTION AT 'XX'

E.

4 x 3.3

tU

o
OPEN TO SKY

(o

ROOM

Gi

4 x 3.3

It

ROOM

lll

4 x 3.3

ROOM
ELEVATION

4 x 3.3
T,V. ROOM
9.5 x 1 2.5
ROOM

4 x 3.3

ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN METRES


ROOM

4 x 3.3

VARDEN
ROOM

ENTRANCE LOBBY
1O x

7.5

STORE ROO

3.3x4

x4

WVlV1V1
PORTTCO 5.O WIDE

TYPICAL PLAN OF HOSTEL

EDDt]ENND

ATti

tt^

tF

f, t\U. lJ

ffi 60

C;vil Engineering Drawing-l

(Chapter-6)
PLATE No. 16

I'o ile t
x 2.3

1.5

M. Bed Room

c.j

;=V

c
o

Bed Room

4.3 x 3.5

F- \r

ued f'{oom
4.3 x 3.5

M. Bed Room

(o

CI

Bed Room

4.8 x 3.6

4.3 x 3.6

co

4.8 x 3.6

Bed Room
3.1 x 3.6

c
o
I

(o

I o ilet
1.5 x 2.3

6<o

Bed Room
4.3 x 3.5

Dining

EX
-:

6.5 x 3.3

4.3 x 3.5

Kitchen

Kitchen

Living

4x3.4

Bed Room

6.8 x 3.3

Kitchen

2,8x2.3

Living

4 x 3.4

6.8 x 3.3

X
"..|

M. Bed Roorn

Dr

awing

4.3.6

Bed Room
3.5 x 3 6

M. Bed Room
4.8 x 3.2

M. Bed Room

4.6 x 3.4

4x3.2
Toilet

Toilet

2.2x1.3

2.4x1.2

Toilet

Toilet

3.6x4

3 x 2.3

EXc')

o
o

Living

d,

q
Balcony 1 .2

2.2x1.2

oF

Bed Room

3 x 3.6
Bed Room

4x3.2

2.4x1.2

Kitchen

ueo Hoom

3.3x4.1

Kitchen

2.7 x 2.3
1

.35 "

BalCony

Kitchen :
3.3 x 2.1

(D

Bed Room

4x3.6
1.2 Balcony

First Floor Plan of an Apartment

Stsirs and
EXERCISE

Staircases

lahapter-61

I I8

The line diagrarn shows plan of a one bed room residential building. Prepare a working
drarving for excavation of foundations.

1--

lloundations : All the walls arc takc! te a dgpth qf 900 rnm

bqlo_w ground_ lqyel arld

founded on C.C bed 700 mm wide : 300 nrm thick.


8ED ROOM

I'he brick nlasonry lboting over c.c bed is 400 mm wide witlr eclual offsets on either side
(700

+00)

150 mm and depth

LIVIN G

360c x 36oc

4200

of fboting is 600 mm.

2. Basement : 'l'he height of basement is 450 nrm and width of wall is 300 mm. Steps are
provided both on fiont side and rear side over a Cl.C bed 150 mm thick with an off set I50 mm on
all three sides. Tread and rise of step are 300 mm and 150 nrm.

D,

Super structure ancl roofing : All the walls are taken to a height of 3200 rnm and are
200 mrn thick.
.1.

of

R.C.C. slab roofins 120 mm tlrick and projected by 200 mm beyond the

Calcu lations

Bed roonl : clcar dimensions 3600 x 3600 m

'fhickness ol' sLtper structure

wall

--

200 rnrn

3800 x 3800 mnl

centre to centre of wall

of

Isolatedsun-shades are provided over rvindows and extemal doors extending from the R.C.C.
lintels kept ever such openings on other three sides.

In tlte above two cases. sunshades are project_ed 600 mm frorn the face of walls.

Lintels

R.C.C. lintels on all openings like doors, wirtdows and cup boards are 150 mm
ick having a bearing of 150 mm on either side.
Doors, rvindows & cupboards : These are to be provided

r.

as per the schedule indicated in the

DS 20
18

w==l0wr12

The roof slab is provided with weather proof course l5 mm thick.


Sun-shades : Continuous sun-shade is provided on front side of the building. Thickness
sun-shade at the rvall end is 75 nrm and at the free end, thickness is 50 mm.

= l0

D,=9DS

3. Flooring : Flooring consists of 20 mm thick C.M. (l : ) plater over a bed of cement


concrete (l :4 :8) 100 nrm thick. The rernaining part of the basement is filled and compacted
with sand.

Roofing consists
outer face of walls.

3000

centre to centre of rvalls

Living room

clear dirnensions

Thickness of super structure, walls


concrete of walls (along length)

4200

x 3600 mm

200 mm
4200

100

+ 100

4400 mm
centre of walls (along width)

3600

+ 100 + 100

3800 mm.

93.^,--*-*--*-*---PLATE

WORKING DRAWTNG FOR THf, PURPOSE OF MARKING THE WIDTH OF FOUNDATION FOR EXACATION OF FOUNDATIONS FOR THE

No.l7

IVEN PLAN

Masonry Pillars

3oo x 3oo x 3oo

INDEX

\CA
._..cy
?*o.
'

-'Jo*

,.'/A
'\'s

"

r";>
x-

%%.

,a

x^

"u%,

t-N

f:.

lr*

lm

To be excavated to a depth of 900mrn belo'uv C.L

C.L of super structure wall.

o
.-o-.

[*rpo

Outer line of excavation

<-700

Masonary pillars 300 x 300 (nrrn) llrmly constructed


in ground and min 300 ntm above G.[- on top of which
C.L rnarkings of walls are marked. (not to be disturbed
during construction activify).

Note : All dimensions are in mm.


WORKING DRAWING FOR FOLINDATIOX
EXCAUATION FORONE BED ROOM RESIDENCE

Stairs and
EXERCISE

Staircases {Chapter-6)

. T9

Draw electrical wire diagram in a single bed roomed residential building as shown in
diagram.

Verandah - 2000 mm

l=HH60ernmrrf200

(b) Circuir / .' T'he circuit I is meant to supply power (i) To calling bell, (ii) Lamp at the
entrance (out side the verandah) (iii) Tube light, lamp, fan and one 5 Amp. socket out let. This
circuit I also supplies power to the Hall for one tube light, two lamps, one fan, 2 No. of 5 Amp.
socket out lets.

Total load on circuit

1200 tnltl wide

&

Tnbe
Dining

Bath and Toilet :

4800 nlm x 2500 rnrn

2 100

2 No.

--=

2x

40

80

160 watts

\,vatts

r00

780 watts

(c) Circuit 2 : This circuit is provided to supply power to bed Room


Load on circuit 2

Lanrps - lr-l+l -3No. -3 x


Tubelights-- l-l:2 No.:1 x40

I Bell push ; I Lamp


I Fan;l Larnp;lTube light 5 Arnp. Socket outlet.
lFan;lLamp;lTube light, Bell point, 2 No. 5 Amp.

: I Fan ; I Larnp ; I'Tube light one 5 Arnp. socket outlet.


room
ln Kitchen & Dining -- I Fan ; 2 Lamps; I Tube light
In Bed

I Exhaust Fan ; 2 No. 5 Amp. socket.out lets ;


one l5 Amp. socket out let
In Bath & Toilet
one 15 Amp. Socket out let.

Metre Board and Distribution Board (M.B and D.B)

Metre (energe metre), main switch and distribution boards are fixed in the verandah.

(a) No. of circuits : Three circuits are taken from the distribution board as indicated
l, 2 and 3. Circuits I & 2 are meant for fans, lighting and 5 Amp. socket out lets.
The circuit 3 is a power circuit to draw power for l5 Amp. out lets fitted one in the kitchen
Dining and another in the Bath & Toilet.

& Kitchen.

5 Amp. socket clutlets

60

No.-z x80

Fans

I + l+l+ l:4 No. - 4 x

socket outlets.

l.

::

Total

door

1000 x 1200 mtn Glazed windorv


W : WT
V - ventilator 600 x 450 mm Glazed.

In the hall

ligtrts := I + I

- l+ l-2No.-2 x80
5 Arnp. socket out lets : I + I + I : 3 No. * 3 x

Dr

ln the verandah

Fans

mm x 2500 tttttt

All walls are 200 mm thick in superstructure


1000 x 2000 mnr Flushed
D-DS

Electrical rtttings
Out side the verandah

rrr

Bed roonl

Kitchen

63
.-,.\..v\

Total

100

I 80

-:

160 watts

400 vvatls

watts

820 lvatts

(d) Circuit J .' Is rneant to supply power to l5 Amp. socket outlets one in dining and one
in bath room. One power circuit can be provided for 2000 to 3000 watts consumption by selecting
the suitable diameter of conducting wire.

Note : The exhaust fans and one lamp in bath are not considered since they will consume
little power and will be used (exhaust fans) mostly in day time during which the lighting load
is almost nil.
Switch Control & Swtich Boards : There are generally provided at a height of 1.5 m from
floor level and the detalls aregiven below.
1. Out side the verandah: Bell-push, two-way switch to control the lamp provided at the
entrance.

2. In the Verandah .' Switch

board consists.

One trvo-way switch to control the lamp at the entrance, three switches
Iamp, one tube light and one fan, and one No. 5 Arnp. socket out let,

to control

one

Livil Engineering Drawing-l


3. In lhe Hall : Two switch boards

are provided, one near the door and another to the

Electrical wiring lay out in a single bed roomed housc

opposite wall(wallbetween Hall & Bath).


The switch board near the door consists,
Three switches to control

I larnp, I tube light I fan and one

(Chapter-6)

5 Amp. socket out let

The switch board fitted to the apposite wall consists

I tr.vo-way switch tpcontrol the light in the bathroom,


5 Amp. socket out let.

larnp in the passage ancJ one No.

of
KITCHEN AND
DINII{G

4. In the Bed room.'

One switch board near the door consists.


2 No. of two-way switches to control fan and tube light from another board where bed is
provided. 1 No. of switch to control the lamp, one No. of 5 Arnp. socket out let.
Another switch board near the bed consits two No. of two-way switches to control the fan
and tube light and one No. of 5 Amp. out let socket.

4800 x

je

o@

t-:-1

+---_--l

3500

BATH
&

TOILET

2100 ,

2500

In Kitchen and Dining : Three switch

boards are provided in which one is provided


with 4 switches to control, two lamps, one tube light and one fan. One No. 5 Amp. socket out - let
is also provided. Second swtich board conists one switch to control exhaust fan and one 5 Amp.
socket out-let. Third switch board is fitted with l5 Amp. and 5 Amp. socket out-lets.
In Bath and Toilet : One l5 Amp. socket outlet to the power circult on one board. Another
consisting one two-way switch, one switch to control the light and exhaust fan.
Symbols used :

BED

3300 x

3000

Lamp point
Fan with outlet point
3600 x

Tube light

3200

GD VER.

One way switch

Two - way switch


5 Amp. socket out let

l5 Amp. socket out let

'- Verandah 2000


All Walls are

2AO

1200 wtDE

thick

ELECTRICAL- WIRING LAYO UT

Bellpush

All dimensions are in mm.

r ilusne
Bell point unit
Exhaust fan

D1

Door flushed

W
GW

Window Glazed
M.S. Grill Window
M.S. Grill Door

GD

00

750
1000

800

x 1200

= 1500 x 12AO
= 1000 x 2000

B. = Metre Board
D. B. = Distribution Tank

M.

L
F

= Lamp
=

Flurescent Lamp

9\

n
(o

(o
I

L.

q)
+J

o
U

a
Ff

Z
rd
F
T
^r

Minimum

lf
I

Height 2.135

R.C.C

Slab
2O0mm

rhck
I

.g

q<

4.Om

O
)'

c.)

.2
H

t-

.od
iE

,'{J
\r+-r

t<

r{-i
.d

(a-.

' ,o,)A
-

l-

\.+...

(+-(

,to)
v/ ' *.
(o(,

\V
.-

'..: a

a)6

v)

\J

o.)

^J
-lL,

.-

Fl
rv

od

39

(t

Ec)

d=

(-P

!A

dt-

a')()
aa
E(.)

OCd

{-,

.9

L\J
F.
F.

q.)-(f

a
o
a
=0)

(o

()

.=
CO

1)

a
o
Q

.:(o
F

(f)

co,k

'L<

-.u
iab
(-C.-

.-

0.)

.i-l
4
lvA

lf

--)

R.C.C. Wall

150 mm Thick

Counter Weight

R.C.C Blocks for


Fixing Spring

iiii

Lift Car

2.25m

k-

iai

Top Floor

2.1rm

50 mm Thick

c= tri? A:

Trap Door

Roof Slab

3a

-J
PLAN OF LIFT SHAFT

Entrance

le760
I

1300 x 1100

Lift Car lnside

-tl-1'oo+l*ll

r.l 50
t,

Collapsible Gate 2.1m Height

Floor to Floor 3.3m

ciJ
Machine Room

k---15m+
SECTIONAL ELEVATION OF LIFT SHAFT

15Ol

' 'r

J
I

66

Civil Engineering

Ans:

Q,2
Ans:

What is merDt by ;'Grouping" in r building plarnirg ? Give atr exrmpl.


Considedng relaliotship between spaces in a building is called "Crouping". An example
locating adiningroom close to a kitchen is Srouping

Wbet is meant by 'rAspect" i!! planning of, residential builditrg ?


Aranging doors and wirdows id such a way in external walls ofa residential building
thal residenls ofthe building enjoy natural wind, sunshine and scenery.
What should be lhe 'Aipoct" of r bedroom ?

Q.3
An!: west or south-west or north-west aspect is good fo. a bedroom.
e.4 whrt is mo.nt by irtenal priv.cy in r residentiar building ?
Atrs:

Q,5

rhe intemar privacy means, screenins interior or one room rrom other rooms or parb

building.

II

Q'12 what is cross-vertiuiion t


Ans: Ananging windows in opposite valls

ffiSHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS


Q.l

Drawing-l
such that one is at lower level than the othr and

not opposite to each other provides cross

is

Q.l3
Ans:

What is FAR ? Whrt is the purpose of liring { vslue for FAR ?


Floor ares mtio is shoftly called FAR.lt is the quotienl obtained bydividingrhetoral
area (plinth area) st all the floors by the a.ea ofthe plot.

so
i.e.,. FAR

or o t'

ventilation.

Tolal covered area ofall

also

clvered

floors

r door

to achieve

dore privacy in a room

I
I

I
!
I
|

FAR restrrcts the height of building and number of storeys The eenerel
of FA R
''nse
rsidential building is I to

2'

for

:1;li1,TfiT'"ltJJ
150

!q,D.

;:illll.ttl ;ljfi:lY:l

:"T:.:"ff Hil:i::',{
-

_
-_
Total floot area in all floors
Ads: A double shutter door at comer of long wall of the room provides more privacy.
Ansr F.A.R = 2 =
Plot ara
Q.6 Area ofa rcom is being srme which shape i.e., rect ngular or squ.re shaDe ia Dref... Total floor ara in all floors = 2 x plotarea
erable for ihe room ?
= 2 x 15 x 20 = 600m'z.
Ans: Rectangular room is preferable th.n square room.
Q.7 Wbe0 do you recommend artilicirl ventiletion ?
600.,
600m,
: oo* =f;6F.=qlot
.'., Number floors = Giiir,"
=-:4Nos.
Ansi Arrificial ventilation is rccommended when the numhr of persons occupying a room is
more than 50 or wherc space for occupant is less than 3m3'
... Maximum height ofbuilding csnnot be moft than 4 storeys.
Q.8 Whrt is me.nt by "Elegrnce" !
whrt il meant by rrPlintb'r ? How much is dinimun pllnth height ?
^
Q'15
Ans: The eftbct produced by elevation is k4own as eregance.
e.e wh.r is prcrenbte ,rtio berwcer tensrh ond rvidth or ! room ?
^*' ll;ff*L$i":ST;,yil: ff;lJ*;ffort'e surrounaii srouna 'nd surface
Ansi Length to width ratio should be between l'2:l td l5:1
e.16 Mrke out the difference bctweo ',height of storey,, rud ,,height of roomn.
bctween a drirwing room rrd dirirg room ? next above it is called "height ofstorey,,.
' The vertical distance measured fiom the finished floor surface to the finished ceilinp surAns: There will be flexibility in usage space
Q.tl How much ahrll be rre. cfwisdews in a room ?
fee is lalowfi s dle room hcidrr
Q.l7 What is the FAR for a rosidential buildirg of typM coNtructiotr ?
I to I
.
Ans:
The area ofwindows shall be
offloor area ofthe room
ADs: FAR for a residential building ofq/pe-4 conshuction is 1.0.
l0 15
Whcre do you locate

I
I

i
|
11

I
Ii
I
{

.i

l
I
!
I
I
I

t
fi

f
I
I
I
I
I

.:)

Short Answer Ouostions

Q,lt

Whst is'rloft'r

Ans:

Loft is an intrior floor btween two

? What

rre the limitations

i[

providing

r loft ?

Q.24

Ans:

floors.

Lofls shall have a minimum head room of 2.2rn. Loff in a habitable room shall not

\-4'4-

67

As per NBC rvhat is "covered arer" ?


Ground ara covered by building immediately above plinth level is called covered area.

cover Q.25 What is set-b.ck

line ?

waterbeyond wiich nothing can be constructed towards the plot boundaries.


closets and conidors, the loft can cover 100 percent.
q.z6 wtrat is meant oy te-tesenren
in
r
night
?
What
should
be
th
minimum
ond
mrximum
llumbcr
of
steps
Q.l9
Ad: The lower storey ofa building below or partly below the ground level.
Ars: Any flight should have a minimum of3 stePs and a maximum of 15 steps.
e,27 In rn rre, FAR is rot applicable. lo such a crse rvh.t shrll be maximum beight of t
building ?
Q.20 Wh.t should be the clerr hesd room in r strir crse ?
Ans: Maximum height of the building shall not exceed 1.5 times the widlh of road abutting plus
Ans: The minimum clear head rcom in any stair casg shall b 2.2m.
front open space'
Q.2l what is mernt by a building line ?
Ans: A building is defined as the line upto which the plinth ofa building, adjoining ! sreet or an Q'28 whrt ere the lirnitttions in providing r "Mt?ztin floor" ?
loft shall be !j5m on bath rooms,

extension of a street or a street that may come up in future, rnay lawfully extend.

should be the maximum and minimum height of parapets/hand rails on the


edges of roof terraces, balconies, verandahs etc. ?

Q.22 What
Ans:
Q.23

Ans:

Parapets and hand-rails provided on the edges of roof terraces, balconies, verandahs etc.,
shall not be less than 1.05m and not more than 1.20m in height from the finished floor level.

If

Ans:

4 x 150 - 600 sq.m

Add 25% for stair case and access _

150 sq.m

Total
Assume a plot size 25m x 30

area _

600

150

iSO sq.m

- 7 50sq.m

Asslming a clearance of 3m in front, side and OurO.ride of plot

36rn

Then FAR

600x3

1800

But FAR is restricted to 1.5 as per local bye-law


Size of the

plot:

Mention any four spaces which are not considered while determining covered area.

Ans:

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

-1200sq.m.

Unstoreyed porch and portico


Uncovered stair cases

Weii ar"i

w'e

ll structures

Guiley pit are some of the spaces not included under covered area.

Q.30

What is street line

Ans:

Street line is the line defining the side limits of a street.

Ans:

What is set back

Set back may be defined as frontage margin or open space in front of the abutting street or
road. It is also referred to as a "building line".

Q.32 What are the r-estric-tions in providing frontage ?

Ans:

Each site shall have a minimum frontage of 6m on any street. For row housing schemes the
minimum frontage may be 5.5m.

Q.33

What are the minimum width of a stair for rbsidential building and public building ?
The minimum width of stair for a residential building is 900mm. The minimum width of stair
for a public building is l000mm width of landing shpuld never be less than width of stair.

Ans:

600x3

of the area of floor on which it is hanging or over

Q.29

Q.3

- (25 + 6) " (30 + 6) :3lm

looking. The maximum height of Mezzanine floor is 2.2m.

you are required to select a plot for a three storeyed residential building having
four flats of 150 sq.m in each floors, what is the minimum size of plot required as per
NBC 1983 ? FAR applicable is 1.5.
Plinth area of building at ground floor

Area of Mezzanine floor is restricted to

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