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Glossary
Bertrand Russell
Alexander III
American Imperialism American imperialism is a term referring to the economic, military, and
cultural influence of the United States on other countries. The concept
of an American Empire was first popularized during the presidency of
James K. Polk who led the United States into the MexicanAmerican
War of 1846, and the eventual annexation of the territories like
California and the Gadsden purchase.
arms race
The term arms race, in its original usage, is a competition between two
or more parties to have the best armed forces. Each party competes to
produce larger numbers of weapons, greater armies, or superior
military technology in a technological escalation. Nowadays the term
is commonly used to describe any competition where there is no
absolute goal, only the relative goal of staying ahead of the other
competitors, essentially the goal of proving to be "better".
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barbarism
bloc
Carlyle
civilized
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Columbus, Christopher:
born between August 26 and October 31?, 1451, Genoa [Italy]
died May 20, 1506, Valladolid, Spain.
talian Cristoforo Colombo , Spanish Cristbal Coln master
navigator and admiral whose four transatlantic voyages (149293,
149396, 14981500, and 150204) opened the way for European
exploration, exploitation, and colonization of the Americas. He has
long been called the discoverer of the New World, although Vikings
such as Leif Eriksson had visited North America five centuries earlier.
Columbus made his transatlantic voyages under the sponsorship of
Ferdinand II and Isabella I, the Catholic Monarchs of Aragon, Castile,
and Leon in Spain. He was at first full of hope and ambition, an
ambition partly gratified by his title Admiral of the Ocean Sea,
awarded to him in April 1492, and by the grants enrolled in the Book
of Privileges (a record of his titles and claims); however, he died a
disappointed man.
Communism
cosmopolitanism
culture
doomed
exploitation
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industrialism
An economic and social system based on the development of largescale industries and marked by the production of large quantities of
inexpensive manufactured goods and the concentration of employment
in urban factories.
ingenuity
insolent
insular
Machine Age
The Machine Age is a term associated mostly with the early 20th
century, sometimes also including the late 19th century. An
approximate dating would be about 1880 to 1945. Considered to be at
a peak in the time between the first and second world wars, it forms a
late part of the Industrial Age. By the mid to late 1940s, the atom
bomb, the first computers, and the transistor came into being,
beginning the contemporary era of high technology and thus ending the
intellectual model of the machine age founded in the mechanical and
heralding a new more complex model of high-technology.
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minister to
movement
A series of actions and events taking place over a period of time and
working to foster a principle or policy.
oppressed
Peking
Beijing
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Roman Empire
salvage
solvents
Spain
In 711 Muslim Arabs invaded Spain from North Africa and defeated
the Visigothic ruler, King Roderick. They quickly conquered almost
the entire peninsula and established Muslim states in Spain that were
to last until 1492.
T'ang Dynasty
Pinyin Tang (618907), Chinese dynasty that succeeded the shortlived Sui dynasty and developed a successful form of government and
administration on the Sui model and stimulated a cultural and artistic
flowering that amounted to a golden age.
Vasco da Gama
virulent
vitiate
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