U.S.

Foreign Policy Priorities in 2015 and Beyond

Puneet Talwar
Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Political-Military Affairs
The Commonwealth Club
San Francisco, CA April 1, 2015
Thank you very much, General Myatt, for that very kind introduction. And thanks also to Philip Yun who will
moderate the question-and-answer session. Id like to thank all of you for taking the time to come out
tonight business and nonprofit leaders; professors, and students under the false impression thered be
free food.
Let me especially thank the Marines Memorial Association and the Commonwealth Club for hosting me
here this evening. Both are esteemed organizations that do a tremendous public service for this city and
this country, by elevating the discourse we have on important public policy issues. And after my remarks,
Im very much looking forward to engaging in a conversation with all of you, and doing my best to answer
any questions you may have.
When I heard this was a sold out event, I told my two sons I had finally joined a pantheon of greats
Santana, the Grateful Dead, the Rolling Stones all who sold out venues in San Francisco. They were not
impressed. But like the Grateful Dead, tonight I will take one decent theme and stick to it without a break
for several hours until you have all passed out.
Its always a pleasure to get out of DC for a few days and to be here on the West Coast. Weve had a great
day here in San Francisco. We actually got a fascinating tour of Twitter earlier, and I also had the chance to
visit with some industry leaders out in Palo Alto and get a first-hand view of the new tools people are using
to communicate across borders.
One of the main reasons Im here is because the State Department really values its relationship with
industry. In todays world, where the impact of technology is rippling across the globe, its incredibly
important that industry, NGOs, and government not only understand each other; but also work together on
some of the challenges were facing across the globe.
And in my current job, as Assistant Secretary of State for Political-Military Affairs, I oversee many of our
important relationships with the private sector. I also have the privilege of working closely with our
colleagues at the Department of Defense. And I manage about $6 billion in security assistance that we
invest to build the capabilities of our partners around the world, from Korea to Colombia. We also facilitate
$100 billion in defense related exports.
In fact, being here in San Francisco got me thinking about my own career trajectory, because I actually got
my undergraduate degree in engineering. My parents would probably have preferred that I get a job at
Google or Twitter or Dropbox, rather than one where the salary is subject to Congressional approval.
Before coming here, I was taking a look at the impressive roster of previous speakers youve had at the
Commonwealth Club since 1903, and its really quite remarkable, from Leader Pelosi to David Brooks to
President Clinton to President Reagan.
Id actually like to begin my remarks with someone who spoke here over a century ago, President Teddy
Roosevelt. In Roosevelts time, the world looked very different than it does today.

Roosevelt was the first president to take an international trip as President. He went to Panama to observe
the building of the canal in 1906.
He was also the last president to work in a rectangular office, which we has very fond of. After his
presidency, when he returned to the White House to see the renovations that President Taft had done, Taft
very proudly showed him that he had knocked down the old tennis court and had the Oval Office built in its
place. Roosevelt said he preferred the tennis court.
So times were different then. The world looked different. Even the Oval Office looked different. But one
thing was constant in the fast-moving current of international affairs. And thats American leadership.
In 1911, Teddy Roosevelt said something that remains as true today as it was then. The United States has
not the option as to whether it will or will not play a great part in the world. It must play a great part, he
said. All that it can decide is whether it will play that part well or badly.
President Obama has echoed that same sentiment, most recently in his State of the Union Address a few
months ago. The question, he said, is not whether America leads in the world, but how.
And thats what Id like to discuss today: how America is leading in todays world. I will speak briefly about
the changes taking root across the Middle East.
And Ive spent much of the last two decades working on Middle East policy for then-Senator Joe Biden
when he was Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and for President Obama at the White
House for five years.
But in my current job, I oversee a portfolio that extends beyond the Middle East. And I think its important,
as President Obama likes to say, to not only focus on the headlines, but also the trendlines.
And so today, Id also like to spend a few minutes talking about some of our other interests, particularly in
Asia.
But let me start with the greatest threats to our national security, which emanate from the Middle East.
Having worked closely with President Obama at the White House for five years, I can tell you that his
highest priority is the security of the American people. And he has been aggressive in taking the fight to
terrorists who threaten the United States and our interests.
But just as our effort to combat terrorism has evolved, so have our enemies. Today, ISIL a terrorist group
that beheads and crucifies and rapes and burns alive those who oppose its barbaric ideology has seized
territory in western Iraq and eastern Syria.
Last year, President Obama outlined a comprehensive strategy that involves working with the Government
of Iraq, the moderate opposition in Syria, and an international coalition of over 60 nations to degrade and
ultimately defeat ISIL.
The coalition, including several Arab states, has conducted over 3,000 airstrikes against ISIL terrorists.
These strikes have had a significant impact, taking out thousands of ISIL fighters, numerous commanders,
nearly 1,500 vehicles and tanks, over 100 artillery and mortar positions, and nearly 3,400 fighting
positions, training camps, and bunkers in Iraq and Syria. The strikes have damaged close to 200 oil and
gas facilities infrastructure that helps fund ISILs terror. Weve begun training Iraqi Army brigades at four
sites in Iraq, and weve helped enable more than two dozen ground operations against ISIL strongholds
across Iraq.

The cumulative effect of all this has been substantial. The allure of the so-called caliphate has been
shattered. ISIL can no longer operate freely in roughly 25 percent of the populated areas of Iraqi territory
where they once could. Simply put, its momentum has been blunted.
But this is not just a military effort. Together with our coalition partners, we are using all elements of our
power in this fight because thats how America must lead in todays world. Yes, we are using our military
might. We are building the capabilities of our partners in the region. But we are also working to cut off
ISILs financing; to stabilize Iraqi communities; to vet and train moderate Syrian opposition members. And
we are working to counter ISILs ideology and propaganda. This is a whole of government effort, and it
must be for us to succeed.
Going forward, as the President has said, this is going to be a long fight, but its one that we are committed
to winning with the help of our partners, in a global coalition that continues to grow.
I also know youre all keen to hear more about the latest on Iran, but our team is still on the ground in
Lausanne right now trying to come to an understanding with the P5+1 and Iran to prevent Iran from
acquiring a nuclear weapon. So I dont want to say anything further about that right now at this particularly
delicate moment.
But as I said before, if we only look at American leadership through the lens of some of these headline
issues, we would miss some of the major stories that are shaping the 21 st century.
Id like to discuss one of those major trendlines today, and thats the emergence of the Asia-Pacific region
as a global economic powerhouse. Its a region Ive been very focused on over the past year at the State
Department, even as we remain engaged in the Middle East and in Europe.
And heres why. Asia accounts for 60% of the worlds population. Over the next four years, nearly half of all
economic growth outside the US is expected to come from Asia.
I think its fitting to be talking about Asia here at the Commonwealth Club because California is the perfect
example of why Asias future and Americas future are bound together.
For decades, the West Coast, and California especially, has been at the forefront of our economic
engagement with Asia. And the rest of the country, including DC, is now catching on.
Since 2009, Californias exports to Asia are up nearly 50 percent. Last year, according to the Department
of Commerce, this state exported $71 billion worth of goods to Asia. And those exports supported over
800,000 good-paying California jobs. This state exports more to India and Japan than any other state. And
5 of the top 7 export markets for California are in Asia. So here in California and in the Bay Area, you know
first-hand the benefits of trade with Asia.
To build on that progress, one of our highest priorities this year is to complete the Trans-Pacific Partnership
agreement, which would open new markets and set high standards on labor and the environment for 12
countries, which together account for almost 40% of global GDP.
You may be wondering why someone who works on security issues is talking to you about our economic
relationship with Asia? The reason is simple: trade doesnt just happen. Its security that forms the
foundation for a successful economic relationship.
Since the end of World War II seventy years ago, the United States has been the bedrock that has
underpinned security in the Asia-Pacific region. In Northeast Asia, our alliances with the Republic of Korea
and Japan have helped both nations prosper. We have also worked to ensure that waterways are open and
secure. Nearly half the worlds maritime commerce flows through the South China Sea every year. So you

could imagine the global ripple effects if the South China Sea or Malacca Strait central arteries of our
international trade system were choked off.
Thats why the United States is playing a leading role in the effort to uphold regional and maritime security
in Asia, which underpins the global economy.
In South Asia, were strengthening our security, economic, and people-to-people ties with India. I traveled
to New Delhi for very productive talks late last year, and President Obama made an historic visit on Indias
Republic Day in January.
That visit made President Obama the first sitting president to have visited India twice during his
presidency.
Even while India is one of the worlds oldest civilizations, it has the worlds most young people, with a
median age of 27 and 600 million people under the age of 25. As the oldest and largest democracies, the
United States and India are seeing a natural convergence not only of our values, but of our vision for the
future. In my view, Indias revival and deepening US-India ties are among the most significant strategic
developments of the past several years. They will shape the global balance of power for many years to
come.
In East Asia, my team recently negotiated defense agreements with the Republic of Korea, the Philippines,
and Australia. Were deepening our ties with Singapore and looking to broaden our partnerships with
Malaysia and Indonesia. Were especially focused on building the capabilities of these and other countries,
so that we can keep trade routes open, and also so that we can respond to natural disasters, improve
readiness, and continue to be a stabilizing force in the region.
Earlier this year, I visited Vietnam as we mark twenty years of normalized diplomatic relations. Its an
historic and exciting time in that bilateral relationship. Were expanding trade. Were deepening our
security partnership. And thousands of American and Vietnamese students are studying abroad, forging
friendships, and exchanging ideas and cultures, dreaming of the future rather than being shackled by the
past.
Just think for a moment about the transformation of this relationship. Over 40 years ago, General Myatt,
along with Secretary Kerry and so many others, bravely served in Vietnam. Today, thanks to the vision of
so many leaders, from President Clinton to Senator McCain to Secretary Kerry, we are passing on to future
generations a new chapter in this relationship.
Strengthening our relationship with China is also part and parcel of the rebalance. We seek a relationship
with China defined by practical and tangible cooperation on challenges that face both of our nations. And
our joint announcement on climate change last year is the perfect example of this. The more we can work
together, and be seen as working together, the better chance we have in tackling some of the worlds
most daunting challenges.
As Californians, you know that our relationship with the Asia-Pacific is critical. Its a crucial engine of
American economic growth. It is essential to this city and this state.
And its the perfect example of the types of opportunities we as a country can seize if we can look
beyond the headlines and also see the trendlines that are already shaping the future.
Thats true if were talking about the Asia Rebalance. Its also true for other trendline issues. Were leading
the global effort to combat climate change in the lead-up to the Paris Conference later this year. Were
leading the international community in dealing with infectious diseases. Were leading on the issue of food

security, which has a huge impact on millions of people around the world. And the same is true on so many
other long-term challenges.
Its true that the world is changing at an accelerating pace. And its true that new threats are emerging. In
an uncertain world, American leadership is the one constant thats true in Europe, its true in the Middle
East, and its true in Asia. Its true on the urgent issues and its true on the longer-term issues.
The challenges we face today from combating terrorism to confronting regional aggression; from climate
change to global health these are issues that cannot be solved by any nation alone. Thats why its so
important that we empower and mobilize our allies and partners, to work with us to address these shared
challenges.
Thats the smart type of American leadership that President Obama has advanced. As he has said, We
lead best when we combine military power with strong diplomacy; when we leverage our power with
coalition building; when we dont let our fears blind us to the opportunities that this new century presents.
Thats exactly what were doing right now and around the globe, it is making a difference.
So today, despite the problems we face and the difficult issues we see in the headlines, lets not forget
that our economy is still the most dynamic and prosperous in the world. Our military might is unrivaled. We
are strengthening our alliances and building new partnerships across the world, and we are bending the
trendlines in our favor.
As Teddy Roosevelt said a century ago and President Obama said just this year, the question is not whether
America will lead, but how. Today, whether you look at the headline issues or the trendline issues, America
is in the lead.
Were leading with strong allies and capable partners.
Were leading with a long-term perspective.
And were leading with all elements of American power: with force when necessary; with principled and
clear-eyed diplomacy; with our unparalleled economic power; and always with the strength of our values.
Thank you very much, and I look forward to your questions.