IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF PURE

AND SAFE DRINKING WATER

PRESENTED BY: TONMOIE SARMAH (P33055)
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF: Prof. INDRANIL DE
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF RURAL MANAGEMENT, ANAND

Summary of Findings
Reduction in water borne diseases: 65% in Diarrhea, 57% in Urinary
stones, 57% in Skin Diseases (PHC Madavganfarata, Maharashtra)
Triggering factors for using water from Waterlife:
Rural area: (i) Better Health 57% (ii) Better Taste 16% (iii) Better
Food 14%
Urban area: (i) Better Taste 89% (ii) Better Health 33%
Purposes of use: Drinking & cooking
Significant drop in frequency of visit to doctors (once a month visits
dropped from 57% to 25%)
Household Savings due to better health: 1687 per month in rural areas
Absenteeism in school days due to water borne diseases drops from 3
days a month to Nil.

5 minutes and fuel saved in cooking using Waterlife water

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

OBJECTIVES
To do a holistic assessment of the impact that the organization have created on the lives of
the rural and urban people by providing them with safe drinking water at the village level
and thereby influencing their lives at the household level
To conduct a control-treatment group study in two villages to throw light on the ripple
effects of providing safe drinking water
To present case studies so as to highlight the impact of providing safe drinking water and
the findings of a cooking experiment conducted
To try to map the business model on a sustainable development framework and based on
findings develop a Logframework Matrix for WLIP
PRIMARY SOURCES OF DATA:
Field Visits; Baseline study of the villages; Questionnaire survey
Interviews and unobtrusive observations
SECONDARY SOURCES OF DATA:
Online data sources; Data on health collected from the PHCs
Panchayat records and Aganwadi registers
SAMPLE LOCATIONS:
Maharashtra- Mandavganpharata, Naigaon, Maregaon
Karnataka- Irkalgada, Mangalore, Ginigeda, Basapur
Pondicherry- Kombakkam, Thengaithitu, Rainbownagar, Iyyanagar, Veduthalainagar

FINDINGS

OCCUPATION DISTRIBUTION OF
SAMPLE POPULATION
URBAN(75HH)

RURAL(120HH)
%(percentage)

%(percentage)

21.3

19.17
32.5

49.3

29.17
19.17

24
5.33

Service
Service
Agriculture
Agriculture
Main Worker
Business

Main Worker
Business

USERS AND NON USERS(%)

URBAN(75HH)

RURAL(120HH)

100

70

90
60

80
53.33

18

70

50

60

38
40

50
30

% NON-USERS

% NON-USERS

% USERS

% USERS

40
30.00

36
43

20

20

31

23
10
7

30
47

27
10

6.67

10.00
2

20

PURIFICATION METHODS USED

RURAL(120HH)

URBAN(75HH)

(%) Rural

(%) Urban

00
7.5
23.33

10.83
40

60

58.33

Boil
Use Filter/ RO
Water Life Water
No purification

Boil
Use Filter/ RO
Water Life Water
No purification

WATER BORNE DISEASES

RURAL(120HH)

URBAN(75HH)

(%) Rural
(%) Urban

1.33
21.67

25

5.33

0 1.67
0.83
52

32

46.67

1. Diarrhea
2. skin diseases
3. Typhoid
4. Kidney stone
5.Stomach/ Joint pain
6. others

1. Diarrhea
2. skin diseases
3. Typhoid
4. Kidney stone
5.Stomach/ Joint pain
6. others

PRIMARY HEALTH CARE DATA

Scenario before and after installation of the water station
Average cases per day relating to various water borne diseases
Diseases

Before

After

Diarrhea

30-40

10-15

Urinary Stone

15-20

5-10

Skin Diseases

30-40

10-20

Source: PHC Madavganfarata, Maharashtra

TRIGERRING FACTORS TO ASSOCIATE WITH WATERLIFE

URBAN(45HH)

RURAL(70HH)
(%) Rural

(%) Urban

15.71

5.71

0
33.33

14.29

7.14

6.67
57.14
88.89
6.67
4.44

0
1. Affordability

1. Affordability

2. Better Health

2. Better Health

3. Follow Trend

3. Follow Trend

4. Better Quality of life

5. Tasty and healthy
food
6. Only Taste

4. Better Quality of life

5. Tasty and healthy
food
6. Only Taste

TRIGERRING FACTORS FOR NOT ASSOCIATING WITH

WATERLIFE
URBAN(30HH)

RURAL(50HH)

Non-Users (%) Urban

Non-Users (%) Rural

0
10.00

14
8.00

2.00

23.33
38.00

0
0

10.00

26.67
6.7

12.00
28

36.7
0

1. Distance/ Absence of member to fetch water

2. Suitability of timing
3. Other similar options available
4. Conventional Method
5.Registration formalities
6. Affordability
7. Lack of Awareness/Donot like taste
8. Body not able to adjust

1. Distance/ Absence of member to fetch water

2. Suitability of timing
3. Other similar options available
4. Conventional Method
5.Registration formalities
6. Affordability
7. Lack of Awareness/Donot like taste
8. Body not able to adjust

PURPOSES OF USING WATERLIFE WATER

URBAN(45HH)

RURAL(70HH)

(%)Urban

(%) Rural
d. feeding Animals

d. feeding Animals

c. washing

c. washing

6.67

(%)Urban

(%) Rural
b. cooking

b. cooking

44.29

a. Drinking

a. Drinking

100

20

40

60

80

100

24.44

120

100

20

40

60

80

100

120

BENEFITS DERIVED FROM USING WATERLIFE WATER

URBAN(45HH)

RURAL(70HH)

(%)Urban

(%) Rural

45.71

55.56
97.14
24.29

84.4

11.11
11.11

58.57
a. Health

a. Health

b. Cost savings

b. Cost savings

c.Time Savings

c.Time Savings

d. Better Taste

d. Better Taste

FREQUENCY OF VISIT TO DOCTORS

URBAN

RURAL

60.00

60.00

57.14
53.33
50.00

50.00

40.00

40.00

37.14

35.56
33.33

34.29

25.71

20.00

28.89

30.00

30.00

Before Urban(%)

Before Rural(%)
24.29

After Rural(%)

22.22
20.00

17.78

17.14

10.00
10.00
4.44
2.86
0

1.43

0
0

0.00
1. 2-3
times
weekly

2. Once
monthly

4.44

3. 2-3 4. Once in 5. Oncetimes

three
Twice a
monthly months
year

0.00

0.00
1. 2-3
times
weekly

2. Once
monthly

3. 2-3 4. Once in 5. Oncetimes

three
Twice a
monthly months
year

After Urban(%)

COST-SAVINGS ANALYSIS
RURAL( Rs)

URBAN(Rs)

12286

14143

1153

633

157

NA

Expenditure in water @ Rs 5 per day

150

210

Total Expenditure at present

Avg Wage Loss(2 Days and 3
days)(Before)

307

210

841

452

Savings In expenditure due to better

health(Monthly)

1687

876

Savings In expenditure due to better

health(Per Annum)

20247

10509

Avg Monthly Income

Avg Mthly Expenditure In
Medicine(Before)
Avg Mthly Expenditure In
Medicine(Present)

Control and Treatment Group

Experiment conducted using survey method
Target Population- Business class
Average Household Income of the Target Population In
Both villages- Rs 5000
Sample size- 30 hh
Villages located at a distance of 3kms
Ginigeda Village Panchayat, common PHC, Government
and private doctors available
Aim- To find out the observed differences in regards to
Frequency of visit to doctors, waterborne diseases
prevalent, medical expenses incurred, man days lost
and children absenteeism due to water borne diseases.

Control and Treatment Group(Findings)

Treatment Group-Genegeda
Source of Drinking Water- Water
Station
Purification Method UsedWaterlife purification
Uses- Drinking and cooking
Access to health facilityAvailable(PHC,Govt and Private
Doctors)
Diseases prevalent- Seasonal cough
and cold and joint pain
PHC data says average number of
cases per day have decrease from
4-5 to rarely 1 per day (Dr. Naragel)

Control Group- Basapur

Source of Drinking Water- Tap
Water
No purification Method Used
Uses- Drinking and cooking
Access to health facilityAvailable(PHC,Govt and Private
Doctors)
Diseases prevalent-Diarrhea, Skin
disease, Typhoid and Seasonal
cough and cold

FREQUENCY OF VISIT TO DOCTORS

BASAPUR

GINIGEDA

Present(%)

50.00

46.67

46.67

60.00

45.00
53.3
40
40.00

50.00

35.00

33.3
40
40.00

30.00
25.00
Before(%)

30.00

After(%)

20.00
15.00

13.3

13.3

Present(%)
20.00

10.00

6.67

10.00

6.67

5.00
0

0.00

4. Once in
three
months

5. OnceTwice a
year

0.00
1. 2-3
times
weekly

2. Once
monthly

3. 2-3 4. Once in 5. Oncetimes

three
Twice a
monthly months
year

1. 2-3
times
weekly

2. Once
monthly

3. 2-3
times
monthly

ABSENTEEISM FROM AGANWADI

GINIGERA
Average number of school
days missed monthly, due to
water borne diseases was3 days
After usage of purified
water absence from school
due to water borne
diseases is- NIL

BASAPUR
Water borne diseases are
prevalent
Apart from seasonal cough
and cold Diarrhea and
stomach pain is a major
cause of absence from
school
Average number of school
days missed monthly is 4
days

Sustainable Development Framework

Social
- Free from Water borne diseases and death
due to it, healthy and better quality of life
- Community participation and sensitization
--Creating Awareness and educating people
- No discrimination

Environment

Economic

-High Quality Water catering to WHO

guidelines and IS10500 standards
- Reduce wastage of water
- Best available use of green and
environmentally friendly technologies
-Developing Creative Business Models

- Cost Savings due to better health

- Prevent loss of man days due to
waterborne diseases
-Improved productivity
- Affordable and accessible to all
- Revenue generating model

What is Logical Framework

Approach (LFA) or Log Frame?
Designed to help Funding Agencies take a good
decision regarding funding a project
The first logical framework developed for USAID
at the end of 1960s
LFA is a systematic planning procedure for
complete project cycle management
It is a problem solving approach which takes into
account the views of all stakeholders
It also agrees on the criteria for project success
and lists the major assumptions
21

Applying LFA to Waterlifes Project

Making the Programmes linked hypotheses
explicit

Output
To provide safe and pure drinking water at
affordable prices to both people in rural as
well as urban areas on a sustainable basis
Purpose
To reduce and eliminate waterborne
diseases which arises due to various
contamination of water source by
providing custom made solution at a
nominal price

 Activities
Imparting Training to local people to function as operators
on a monthly salary basis
Tie up with Government Departments for supply of water,
electricity etc like PWD, municipality, Panchayat office to
avail land for establishing the water station
Work in sync with Government as well as corporates to
avail funding of the water stations
Removal of contamination through custom made
solutions
Regular monitoring of water through testing on a regular
basis
Fast track handling and resolving of consumer complaints
through technical experts to solve the problems in plant
as and when it occurs
No discrimination among people who come to fetch water
Undertake awareness generating programmes

LOGICAL FRAMEWORK MATRIX

Narrative Summary

Verifiable Indicators
(OVI)

Means Of
verification

Important
Assumptions

Goal-Enhanced
savings due to
reduction in
waterborne
diseases, loss of man
days. Reduction in
absence from school
and death due to
water borne
diseases

Bank balances of
households, increase
in assets or white
goods, frequency of
visit to doctors and
records from
Government or
private hospitals,
attendance records
in schools.

Checking bank
records or pass
books, primary
surveys, cost and
savings analysis at
household level,
records from
Aganwadi or schools
and records from
Panchayat and
nearby Government
or, private Hospitals

Use of the savings to

have nutritious food
and improved
quality of life, people
use money
judiciously, avoid
wastage of money in
malicious practices
or habits, like
gambling, drinking
etc, people do not
skip work without
any proper cause
and children's are
going to school
regularly if they have
better health.

LOGICAL FRAMEWORK MATRIX(Contd...)

Narrative Summary

Verifiable Indicators
(OVI)

Means Of
verification

Important
Assumptions

Purpose-Reduction
of waterborne
diseases

Number of cases of
water borne
diseases registered
in PHC, government
or private hospitals
daily, monthly or
annually, interviews
of doctors

Primary Surveys and

PHC data regarding
number of cases of
water borne
diseases (per day
,monthly or per
annum)

People use the

potable water on a
continued basis both
at home and
workplace

Outputs-Removal of
contamination of
water and make it
potable and safe to
drink on sustainable
basis

Level of TDS,
turbidity, pH value,
hardness, nitrate,
clarity and taste of
water

Water Test Reports

Valid Testing
procedure using
proper equipments,
timely and efficient
operations and
maintenance of the
plant, community
participation to
ensure sustainability.

Narrative Summary

Inputs

Activities-Creating
awareness amongst
people for drinking
potable water, Training
the operators regarding
functioning of the plant,
Testing raw water
sources, constructing
the water station,
testing of the product i.e
purified drinking water,
delivering of water to
the people, have proper
operations and
maintenance in place,
fast track redressal of
consumer complaints,
enhance community
participation for
ensuring sustainability
of the plant.

Designing professional
Campaigns and action
plan, availability of
trainers, training
participants or
operators, proper
training and testing
materials and
equipments, having
certified engineers and
approvals for
establishing the plant,
suitability of timings for
the community to fetch
potable water,
availability of
technicians for fast track
handling of and solving
complaints, training
participants in the
community.

THANK YOU