Job Number

Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com

Client
Calcs by

Sheet

ST. FRANCIS CHAPEL

ST. FRANCIS CHAPEL
Checked by
S.M
S.K

Date

8/27/2015

Example: Short column with bi-axial moment

C12

Circular column design by PROKON. (CirCol Ver W2.5.06 - 01 Sep 2011)

Design code : BS8110 - 1997

Input tables
General design parameters and loads:
Load
Case

Ultimate Limit State Design Loads

Description
P (kN)

2 DL+LL

(mm)

450

d'

(mm)

70.5

(m)

2.85

fcu (MPa)

25

232

Mx bot (kNm)

2.3

136

460

500

400

300

200

100

500

400

300

200

(MPa)

781

My top (kNm)

100

fy

Mx top (kNm)

Lo

01

My bot (kNm)

2.2

Job Number
Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com

Client
Calcs by

General design parameters:

Given:
d = 450 mm
d' = 70 mm
Lo = 2.850 m
fcu = 25 MPa
fy = 460 MPa
Therefore:

Ac =
=

p. d 2
4
p450 2
4

= 159.0103 mm

diax' = dia - d'

= 450 - 70.5
= 379.500 mm

diay' = dia - d'

= 450 - 70.5
= 379.500 mm

ST. FRANCIS CHAPEL

ST. FRANCIS CHAPEL
Checked by
S.M
S.K

Sheet

Date

02

8/27/2015

Job Number
Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com

Client
Calcs by

ST. FRANCIS CHAPEL

ST. FRANCIS CHAPEL
Checked by
S.M
S.K

Sheet

Date

03

8/27/2015

Assumptions:
(1) The general conditions of clause 3.8.1 are applicable.
(2) The section is symmetrically reinforced.
(3) The specified design axial loads include the self-weight of the column.
(4) The design axial loads are taken constant over the height of the column.

Design approach:
The column is designed using the following procedure:
(1) The column design charts are constructed.
(2) The design axis and design ultimate moment is determined .
(3) The steel required for the design axial force and moment is read from the
relevant design chart.
(4) The area steel perpendicular to the design axis is read from the relevant
design chart.
(5) The procedure is repeated for each load case.
(6) The critical load case is identified as the case yielding the largest
steel area about the design axis.
Through inspection:
Load case 2 (DL+LL) is critical.

Check column slenderness:

End fixity and bracing for bending about the X-X axis:
At the top end: Condition 1 (fully fixed).
At the bottom end: Condition 1 (fully fixed).
The column is braced.
\ x = 0.75

Table 3.21

End fixity and bracing for bending about the Y-Y axis:
At the top end: Condition 1 (fully fixed).
At the bottom end: Condition 1 (fully fixed).
The column is braced.
\ y = 0.75

Table 3.21

Effective column height:

lex = x. Lo
= .75 2.85
= 2.138 m

ley = y. Lo
= .75 2.85
= 2.138 m

Column slenderness about both axes:

lx =
=

lex
dia
2.1375
.45

= 4.750

Job Number
Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com

ly =
=

Client
Calcs by

ST. FRANCIS CHAPEL

ST. FRANCIS CHAPEL
Checked by
S.M
S.K

Sheet

Date

04

8/27/2015

ley
dia
2.1375
.45

= 4.750

Minimum Moments for Design:

Check for mininum eccentricity:
For bi-axial bending, it is only necessary to ensure that the eccentricity
exceeds the minimum about one axis at a time.

3.8.2.4

For the worst effect, apply the minimum eccentricity about the minor axis:
Use emin = 20mm

Mmin = emin. N
= .02 781
= 15.620 kNm

Check if the column is slender:

3.8.1.3

lx = 4.8 < 15
ly = 4.8 < 15
\ The column is short.

Initial moments:
The column is bent in double curvature about the X-X axis:
M1 = Smaller initial end moment = 136.0 kNm
M2 = Larger initial end moment = 232.0 kNm
The initial moment near mid-height of the column :

Mi = - 0.4 . M1 + 0.6 . M2
= - 0.4 136 + 0.6 232
= 84.800 kNm

Mi2 = 0.4 . M2
= 0.4 232
= 92.800 kNm

\ Mi 0.4M2 = 232.0 kNm

3.8.3.2

Job Number

Sheet

05

Job Title

ST. FRANCIS CHAPEL

Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd
Client
ST. FRANCIS CHAPEL
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
Calcs by
Checked by
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com
S.M
S.K
The column is bent in double curvature about the Y-Y axis:
M1 = Smaller initial end moment = 2.2 kNm
M2 = Larger initial end moment = 2.3 kNm

Date

The initial moment near mid-height of the column :

3.8.3.2

Mi = - 0.4 . M1 + 0.6 . M2
= - 0.4 2.2 + 0.6 2.3
= 0.5000 kNm

Mi2 = 0.4 . M2
= 0.4 2.3
= 0.9200 kNm
\ Mi 0.4M2 = 2.3 kNm

Design ultimate load and moment:

Design axial load:
Pu = 781.0 kN
Moment distribution along the height of the column for bending about the X-X:
At the top, Mx = 232.0 kNm
Near mid-height, Mx = 92.8 kNm
At the bottom, Mx = 136.0 kNm
Moments about X-X axis( kNm)

Mx=232.0 kNm
Mxmin=15.6 kNm

Mxtop=232.0 kNm

Mxbot=136.0 kNm
Initial

Additional

Design of column section for ULS:

Through inspection:
The critical section lies at the top end of the column.
The column is bi-axially bent: the moments are therefore added vectorially
to obtain the final design moment:

M' = Mx2 + My2

= 232 2 + 2.3 2
= 232.011

8/27/2015

Design

Job Number
Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com

Client
Calcs by

Sheet

ST. FRANCIS CHAPEL

ST. FRANCIS CHAPEL
Checked by
S.M
S.K

Date

Design axial load:

Pu = 781.0
For bending about the design axis:

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

-500
-1000
-1500
-2000
-2500
-3000
-3500
-4000

Moment max = 455.8kNm @ 706 kN

0%

20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
380
400
420
440
460
480
500
520
540

Axial Load (kN)

Column design chart

6000
5500
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000

500

Bending Moment (kNm)

From the design chart, Asc = 3879 = 2.44%

Design chart for bending about any axis:

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

-500
-1000
-1500
-2000
-2500
-3000
-3500
-4000
Bending Moment (kNm)

Moment max = 455.8kNm @ 706 kN

0%

20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
380
400
420
440
460
480
500
520
540

Axial Load (kN)

Column design chart

6000
5500
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000

500

06

8/27/2015

Job Number
Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com

Client
Calcs by

Sheet

ST. FRANCIS CHAPEL

ST. FRANCIS CHAPEL
Checked by
S.M
S.K

Date

8/27/2015

Summary of design calculations:

Design results for all load cases:
N (kN)

M1 (kNm)

Load case

Axis

X-X
Y-Y

0.0

0.0
0.0

0.0
0.0

0.0
0.0

0.0
0.0

X-X
Top

0.0
0.0

0.0

636 (0.40%)

X-X
Y-Y

781.0

136.0
2.2

232.0
2.3

232.0
2.3

0.0
0.0

X-X
Top

232.0
2.3

232.0

3879 (2.44%)

Load case 2 (DL+LL) is critical.

M2 (kNm)

Mi (kNm)

Madd (kNm)

Design

M (kNm)

M' (kNm)

07

Asc (mm)