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220
INDEX MAP
WEST CENTRAL PACIFIC
HAWAIIAN IS.
.
o SAMPLE LOCATIONS
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SOLOMON IS.
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o ~INE IS.
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221
GEOGRAPHIC
POSITION
1103' N, 15800' W
0855' N, 16034' W
0740' N, 16450' W
0700' N, 16731' W
0611' N, 17301' W
0527' N, 17305' W
0443' N, 17518' W
0440' N, 16100' W
0352' N, 17932' W
0300' N, 15917' W
0215' N, 16631' W
0140' N, 15536' W
0035' N, 17211' W
0015' N, 15634' W
0026' S, 15817' E
0052' S, 161 13' E
01 36' S, 15846' E
0203' S, 17845'W
0348' S, 16811' W
0413' S, 15536' E
0420' S, 17204' E
0444' S, 16329' E
0455' S, 16541' E
0700' S, 15811' E
07"15' S, 16117' E
0706' S, 17950' E
0907' S, 17350' E
DEPTH
(M)
5,150
4,805
4,970
4,775
4,890
5,740
5,100
nat
5,428
na
5,520
na
5,620
na
3,900
3,430
2,020
5,273
5,520
2,580
3,875
2,240
2,850
2,475
1,628
5,450
5,250
SEDIMENT TYPE
siliceous ooze
siliceous ooze
siliceous ooze
siliceous ooze
nannofossil ooze
siliceous ooze
siliceous ooze
foraminiferal ooze
siliceous ooze
foraminiferal ooze
nannofossil chalk ooze
foraminiferal ooze
siliceous ooze
foraminiferal ooze
nannofossil chalk ooze
nannofossil-foram ooze
foram chalk ooze
siliceous ooze
siliceous ooze
nannofossil-foram chalk ooze
siliceous nannofossil ooze
foram chalk ooze
nannofossil chalk ooze
nannofossil chalk ooze
nannofossil chalk ooze
siliceous ooze
siliceous ooze
222
CaCO s MgO
(%)
(%)
KsO
(%)
Ni
Sr
Ba
Cr
Co
Cu
Zn
FesOst Rb
(ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)
(%)
S68-PC-35
LIR-1-004
LIR-1-011
S68-PC-27
LIR-1-006
LIR-1-008
S68-PC-11
S68-PC-12
S68-PC-16
S68-PC-18
S68-PC-21
S68-FFC-26
S68-FFC-34
S68-FFC-15
S68-PC-06
Av.Carb.
72
93
99
85
93
89
85
85
94
42
83
93
86
53
79
82
1.07
0.61
0.86
1.28
0.80
0.95
1.25
0.99
1.08
1.53
1.29
0.74
1.00
2.03
1.56
1.14
0.25
0.06
0.09
0.25
0.15
0.15
0.24
0.25
0.15
1.59
0.32
0.13
0.21
0.62
0.32
0.32
0.63
0.08
0.20
0.75
0.45
0.36
1.28
0.96
0.84
2.89
1.71
0.74
1.04
3.60
2.02
1.17
CARBONATE OOZES
16
760
nd
1,000
nd
1,100
18
1,100
nd
1,200
nd
1,200
18
1,100
18
1,100
15
1,000
32
900
15
1,100
15
1,000
nd
1,000
24
900
nd
1,100
19
1,000
S68-PC-l
S68-PC-28
S68-PC-29
S68-PC-30
S68-PC-31
S68-PC-34
S68-PC-33
S68-PC-25
S68-PC-24
S68-PC-02
S68-PC-03
S68-PC-04
Av. Sili.
Tech.
Est. Prec.
0.7
5.1
16.9
26.1
0.3
1.4
0.8
0.7
0.5
0.0
0.4
1.1
4.5
GAS
3%
3.43
3.57
2.93
2.45
3.42
4.67
3.58
2.86
4.12
4.13
4.18
4.16
3.62
AA
2%
2.81
2.27
2.08
1.44
2.32
1.66
1.99
1.91
1.24
2.11
2.16
1.49
1.96
AA
2%
7.10
5.23
4.55
3.38
5.70
6.69
6.23
5.56
5.25
9.24
9.98
11.13
6.69
AA
2%
SILICEOUS OOZES
250
100
77
370
420
76
63
440
79
190
57
400
83
190
73
200
50
210
260
72
68
240
41
270
70
290
XRF XRF
10%
10%
850
310
460
500
480
370
370
490
280
560
460
280
550
530
440
720
20
nd
nd
13
5
8
nd
32
20
50
nd
nd
16
nd
nd
20
9
19
19
20
20
19
22
10
13
39
32
10
10
45
16
20
15
nd
nd
11
14
14
15
17
11
21
18
14
14
19
18
15
76
23
26
55
42
43
57
45
26
50
75
47
36
78
36
48
79
8
20
120
10
63
62
250
160
50
180
78
20
88
57
83
2,400
4,300
2,500
3,000
1,600
6,000
1,000
1,200
780
870
910
720
2,000
XRF
10%
55
36
60
25
30
31
90
63
71
110
60
50
57
AA
10%
98
64
30
18
44
55
63
51
73
50
74
60
57
AA
10%
190
180
120
150
150
350
130
120
160
100
190
190
170
XRF
10%
420
410
290
340
265
550
330
300
360
300
380
490
370
AA
10%
210
220
200
140
100
240
100
200
370
130
130
150
180
AA
10%
NOTE: Units are in weight percent and parts per million (ppm) by weight. The following abbreviations have been
us:d in this table-Avo Carb., average carbonate ooze from this study; Av. Sili., average siliceous ooze from this
study; Tech., analytical technique used; GAS, gas volumetric technique; AA, atomic absorption spectrophotometry; XRF, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry; nd, not detected; Est. Prec., estimated precision.
* Sample designation as recorded on research vessels of the Hawaii Institute of Geophysics.
t Total iron reported as FeaOs.
values more common to crustal material, i.e.,
a mean of 233 compared to Taylor's (1964)
crustal K: Rb average of 232. K: Rb values
reported by Burnett (1971b) for Pacific brown
clays were also close to various estimates for
crustal rocks. The data suggest that Rb closely
follows K in most types of marine sediments,
but a partitioning effect between these two
elements is evident in calcareous oozes. An
enrichment of Rb relative to K appears to occur
223
TABLE 3
CORRELATION MATRIX OF 27 BIOGENIC SEDIMENTS FROM THE WESTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC
DEPTH CaCO S MgO
Depth
CaCO s
MgO
K,O
Fe,Os
Rb
Sr
Ba
Cr
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
K,O
Fe,Os Rb
Sr
Ba
1.000
-0.733 1.000
0.704 - 0.955 1.000
0.658 -0.943 0.860 1.000
0.625 -0.906 0.937 0.835 1.000
0.663 - 0.884 0.773 0.959 0.697 1.000
-0.772 0.972 - 0.920 - 0.908 - 0.873 - 0.884 1.000
0.127 - 0.437 0.484 0.439 0.301 0.521 --' 0.364 1.000
0.411 - 0.731 0.683 0.674 0.719 0.540 -0.724 -0.004
0.566 - 0.840 0.841 0.820 0.827 0.735 - 0.787 0.277
0.644 - 0.851 0.905 0.768 0.784 0.714 -0.819 0.642
0.721 - 0.918 0.945 0.834 0.873 0.773 -0.910 0.563
0.417 - 0.570 0.606 0.468 0.456 0.280 - 0.557 0.340
Cr
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
1.000
0.630
0.374
0.512
0.357
1.000
0.732
0.799
0.532
1.000
0.965
0.564
1.000
0.627
1.000
224
tion. Bonatti et al. (1971) have suggested that
redox reactions may account for the postdepositional migration of many trace elements
in the sediment column during diagenesis. A
minor element occurring as a major element of
a mineral, such as Ba and Sr in a celestobarite
phase or Ba in harmotome, may substantially
affect trace element distributions. Apparently
this is not an important factor here, as the
absolute abundance of Ba is low; and if the
production of barite is related to the dissolution
of carbonate tests, a stronger negative covariation of Ba with CaCOa would be expected. The
occlusion of the transitional metals Ni, Co, Cu,
and Zn with precipitating Fe or Mn oxides may.
account for a substantial fraction of these
elements in pelagic sediments (Chester and
Hughes 1966). The contribution of metals in
this manner is effectively masked in the shallower areas of the Equatorial Pacific by a high
influx of carbonate sedimentation. Submarine
volcanism has been suggested as a potential
source for these trace elements (Bonatti and
Nayudu 1965), but organic fixation with subsequent redistribution within the sediment may
be more important in areas of high organic
productivity.
The suggested mechanisms for trace element
fixation probably occur in nearly all types of
pelagic sediments, differences being a matter of
degree rather than of kind. These mechanisms
should be fairly independent of each other and
may occur in various combinations. The
deciding factors appear to be the regional and
environmental situations in which the sediments are deposited. More specifically, such
factors as depth, rate of supply, productivity,
and proximity to volcanism are responsible for
determining the dominant mode of fixation of
trace elements in pelagic sediments.
LITERATURE CITED
AHRENS, L. H., W. H. PINSON, and M. M.
KEARNS. 1952. Association of rubidium and
potassium and their abundance in common
igneous rocks and meteorites. Geochim. et
cosmoch. Acta 2: 229-242.
ARRHENIUS, G., and E. BONATTI. 1965.
Neptunism and vulcanism in the ocean.
Pages 7-22, Vol. 3, in M. Sears, ed. Progress
225