ETH Over SDH - New

IMPLEMENTING OPTICAL
ETHERNET NETWORKS WITH

PLUGGABLE OPTICS
SESSION OPT-2041
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Agenda
A Quick Look at Gigabit and Ten-Gigabit Ethernet
Applications
Fiber Optics Basic Concepts and Terminology
An Overview of IEEE Standards for Optical Ethernet
Cisco Pluggable Transceivers
Cisco Transceivers for Non-IEEE Applications
Fiber Optics Cables and Cisco Pluggable Optics
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.

Presentation_ID.scr
Gigabit and Ten-Gigabit Ethernet in

Campus Networking
Gigabit Ethernet
Access
Distribution
Gigabit EtherChannel
Gigabit EtherChannel
1010-Gigabit Ethernet
Single Fiber
1010-Gigabit Ethernet
1010-Gigabit EtherChannel
WDM
Core
Internet
Multimode/Single
Mode Fiber
Distribution
Access
Multimode Fiber
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
Data Center
Multimode Fiber
Enterprise Ethernet WANs
Multi-Gigabit Ethernet Pipe
GigE WDM, or 10GE for campus extension

Enterprise leases/owns dark fiber
Extended distances (40km)
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2

Presentation_ID.scr
Ten-Gigabit Ethernet Transport across a

Legacy SONET/SDH Infrastructure
SONET/SDH OC-192
Interface
SONET/SDH OC-192 Interface
Enterprise/SP Demarc
SDH/SONET
Cloud
SONET/SDH ADM
Ethernet Switch
Enterprise leasing an OC-192/STM-64 circuit to transport 10-gigabit

Ethernet
10GE LAN-PHY not an option given the speed mismatch between
10GE LAN PHY (10.3125Gb/s) and OC-192/STM-64 (9.95Gb/s)
A technology to allow Ethernet and SONET/SDH to interoperate is
required; this technology is known as 10 GE WAN-PHY
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
Gigabit Ethernet Metro Access Ring

Ethernet Switch
and 2 WDM GBICs
Hub/
Central Office
Ethernet Switch
WDM
OADM 1
Site 2
Site 3
Site 4
Site 1
WDM
MUX-8
Metro RingSingle Mode Fiber

Typically CWDM or DWDM-Based
WDM
MUX-8
Ethernet Switch
Site 8
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2

Presentation_ID.scr
Site 7
Site 6
Site 5
6
Video on Demand Ethernet Transport

DWDM
GBICs in
Catalyst
Switch VoD
Cisco
Catalyst
Switch
DWDM
Mux
DWDM
D-Mux
Cisco GbE
Catalyst QAM
Switch
HFC
DWDM architecture for VoD transport can be

standard BIDIRECTIONAL (two fibers) or
UNIDIRECTIONAL (single fiber with receive-only
WDM GBIC/Xenpaks on the receiving end of link)
Cisco currently supports VoD transport with DWDM
GBICs (1GbE) and DWDM Xenpaks (10GbE)
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
EFM (802.3ah) Fiber Point-to-Point:

1000BaseLX and 1000BaseBX
1Gbps
10km Single Mode Fiber
Ethernet
Switch
Business and residential access over single mode fiber

Reach for Ethernet over fiber increased up to 10km
1Gbpsmaximized performance to each user
Options defined for either single or dual fiber infrastructure
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2

Presentation_ID.scr
Agenda
A Quick Look at Gigabit and Ten-Gigabit Ethernet
Applications
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
Anatomy of a Fiber-Optic Cable

Both the core and the cladding are made primarily of silica (SiO2)
Dopants are introduced in the core (and/or cladding) so that the
refractive index is slightly higher in the core than in the cladding
Core
125m
Single Mode
~9m
250m
Cladding
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
Buffer/Coating

Presentation_ID.scr
10
Single Mode Fiber vs. Multimode Fiber

Multimode Fiber (MMF)
Core diameter varies:
50m (optimized for 850nm
operations)
62.5m
Modal dispersion (see later) limits
the transmission reach; a typical
figure of merit is the Bandwidth *
Distance product expressed
in MHz-km
The bandwidth * distance product is
often not well known in the field;
different fibers have different
performance
IEEE adopted worst-case fibers to
define the max distance (see later)
n2
n1
Single Mode Fiber (SMF)
Core
n2
Cladding
n1
Core diameter is about 9m

Attenuation and chromatic
dispersion (see later) are the main
limiting factor introduced by single
mode fibers
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
Cladding
Core
11
Fiber Attenuation (Loss) Characteristic

S-Band: 14601530nm
Loss(dB)/km vs. Wavelength

2.0dB/Km
L-Band: 15651625nm
OH- Absorption Peaks in

Actual Fiber Attenuation Curve
IR
Absorption
Rayleigh
Scattering
0.5dB/Km
UV Absorption
0.2dB/Km
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
Wavelength in Nanometers (nm)
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2

Presentation_ID.scr
1500
1600
C-Band: 15301565nm
12
Fiber Loss and dB

Light traveling through an optical fiber exhibits a power that
decreases exponentially; a convenient way to measure losses
is by using the concept of decibel, which is a logarithmic
function
L [km]
Ldb/km= 10 * log(Pin/Pout)/L
Pin
Pout
Example:
A Fiber of 10km Length Has Pin = 10W and Pout = 5W
Its Loss in dB Is:
Total Lossdb = 10 * log(10/5) = 3dB
Per Kilometer Lossdb/km = 3dB/10km = 0.3dB/km
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
13
Laser Output Power and

Receiver Sensitivity in dBm
Both the transmitter output power and the receiver sensitivity
are expressed in decibel milliwatt or dBm:
PowerdBm = 10log(PmW/1mW)
dB and dBm Are Additive, Hence the Simplification when

Calculating Power Budgets in Decibels
Example:
Powerdbm = 10log(2mW/1mW) = 3dBm
Powerdbm = 10log(1mW/1mW) = 0dBm
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2

Presentation_ID.scr
14
Modal Dispersion (MMF Only)
Each mode (or ray) travels along a different path and arrives at a destination
at a different point in time; as a result the optical pulse is spread and may
overlap with adjacent pulses (this effect is also known as Inter-SymbolInterference), thus increasing the bit error rate
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
15
Chromatic Dispersion (CD)

Bit 1
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 2
The optical pulse tends to spread as it propagates down the

fiber generating Inter-Symbol-Interference (ISI) and therefore
limiting either the bit rate or the maximum achievable distance
at a specific bit rate
The overall effect of pulse broadening is similar to modal
dispersion, but the physics is totally different; CD (on MMF) is
~1000 weaker than modal dispersion
Physics Behind the Effect:
The Refractive Index Has a Wavelength Dependent Factor, so the
Different Frequency Components of the Optical Pulses Are
Traveling at Different Speeds
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2

Presentation_ID.scr
16
How to Read the Dispersion Specification

of Optical Transceivers
Distance (Km) =
Specification of Transceivers (ps/nm)

Coefficient of Dispersion of Fiber (ps/nm*km)
EXAMPLE:
If transceiver has dispersion tolerance of +1600ps/nm
And if standard SMF fiber which has a coefficient of
dispersion of 16ps/nm*km
Then the maximum reach is 100Km (see above formula)
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
17
Wavelength Division Multiplexing Concept
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2

Presentation_ID.scr
18
Agenda
A Quick Look at Ethernet Gigabit and Ten-Gigabit
Applications
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
19
IEEE Ethernet Standard for Gigabit and

Ten-Gigabit Optical
The IEEE 802.3 Working Group Develops Standards
for Ethernet-Based LANs
(See http://www.ieee802.org/3/ for More Information)
Standard
IEEE Std 802.3z1998
IEEE Std
802.3ae-2002
IEEE P802.3ah
IEEE 802.3
P802.3aq
Description
Gigabit Ethernet
on Multimode
and Single Mode
Fiber
10 Gigabit
Ethernet on
Multimode and
Single Mode
Ethernet in the
First Mile
(100/1000 UnidirBidir Optics,
Multimode and
10 km Single
Mode)
10 Gigabit
Ethernet over at
Least 220 m of
Legacy
Multimode Fiber
URL
http://www.ieee8
02.org/3/z/index.
html
Status
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
Completed

Presentation_ID.scr
http://www.ieee8 http://www.ieee8 http://www.ieee8

02.org/3/ae/index 02.org/3/efm/inde 02.org/3/10GMM
.html
x.html
FSG/index.html
Completed
Active
Active
Task force
Task Force
20
IEEE 802.3z Gigabit Ethernet

Standard Optics
1000BaseSX: 850 nm optics (multimode fiber only) applications
1000BaseLX: 1300 nm optics for multimode and single mode applications
1000BaseLX
1000BaseSX
Fiber Type
850 nm Modal Bandwidth

(MHz*km)/Operating
Range (Meters)
1300 nm Modal
Bandwidth
(MHz*km)/Operating
Range (Meters)
62.5m FDDI-Grade
160/220
500/550
62.5m OM-1
200/275
500/550
50m
400/500
400/550
50m OM-2
500/550
500/550
50m OM-3
2000/Not Standardized
500/Not Standardized
Single Mode
/5000
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
21
IEEE 802.3ae Ten-Gigabit Ethernet

Standard Optics
10GBaseS
10GBaseL
10GBaseE
10GBaseLX4
4 Lanes1300
850nm Modal (1300nm G.652 (1550nm G.652
nm Modal
Bandwidth
Single Mode)
Single Mode)
Bandwidth
(MHz*km)/
(MHz*km)/
Operating
Operating
Operating
Operating
Range
(km)
Range
(km)
Range (Meters)
Range (km)
Fiber Type
62.5m FDDIGrade
160/26
500/300
62.5m OM-1
200/33
500/300
50m
400/66
400/240
50m OM-2
500/82
500/300
50m OM-3
2000/3000
500/300
Single Mode
10
40
/10
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2

Presentation_ID.scr
22
A Word on the Mode Conditioning Cable

(MCP) for 1000BaseLX/10GBaseLX4
According to the 802.3z standard: To ensure that the specification
[reported in the previous table] are met with MMF links, the
1000BASE-LX transmitter output shall be coupled through a single
mode fiber offset-launch mode conditioning patchcord []
The same comment appears in 802.3ae w.r.t. 10GBaseLX4
(Cisco PID: CAB-GELX-625=)

OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
23
IEEE 802.3ae 10 Gigabit Ethernet Standard

Media Access Control (MAC)
Full Duplex
10 Gigabit Media Independent Interface (XGMII) or
10 Gigabit Attachment Unit Interface (XAUI)
Serial
LAN PHY
(64B/66B)
WWDM
LAN PHY
(8B/10B)
WWDM
PMD
1310nm
-LX4
Serial
PMD
850nm
-SR
Serial
WAN PHY
(64B/66B + WIS)
Serial
Serial
PMD
PMD
1310nm 1550nm
-LR
-ER
Serial
PMD
850nm
-SW
WWDM = Coarse WDM

PMD = Physical Media Dependent Sublayer or Transceiver
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
Serial
Serial
PMD
PMD
1310nm 1550nm
-LW
-EW
WIS = WAN Interface
Sublayer
PHY = Physical Layer

Presentation_ID.scr
24
LAN PHY vs. WAN PHY (1/2)

IEEE 802.3 standardizes two PHY options
LAN PHY is the classic Ethernet PHY that operates at
a 10.3125Gb/s
WAN PHY is a type of 10GbE PHY which allows LAN
equipment to interoperate with traditional SONET/SDH
optical transport gear at OC-192 speeds or 9.95Gb/s
The idea is to wrap Ethernet frames in a concatenated
OC-192c payload by means of an extra layer (WAN
Interface Sublayer) in the PCS (see next slide)
A WAN PHY interface is NOT SONET/SDH compliant in
terms of optical/electrical specifications; WAN PHY can
rather be consider SONET/SDH friendly
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
25
LAN PHY vs. WAN PHY (2/2)

MAC Layer
Serial LAN
P
H
Y
Serial WAN
64b/66b PCS
(Physical Coding
Sublayer)
64b/66b PCS
(Physical Coding
Sublayer)
WIS
(WAN Interface Sublayer)
SERDES 16x644Mb/s
SERDES 16x622Mb/s
PMD
! = PCS:
Stream Encoded
with SONET POH
Simplified SONET
Framer STS-192c/
Scrambling
9.95Gb/s
Same PMD
(Conceptual Diagram)
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2

Presentation_ID.scr
26
IEEE 802.3: P2P PMDs

100Mbps
MMF
Dual
Fiber
1000Mbps
SMF
100BaseFX
100BaseLX10
550m
10km
MMF
SMF
1000BaseLX, 5km
1000BaseSX
1000BaseLX10, 10 km,
Extended Temperature
1000BaseLX10
Single
Fiber
100BaseBX10-D, 10km
100BaseBX10-U, 10km
550m,
Extended
Temperature
1000Base10BX-D, 10km
1000BaseBX-U, 10km
In Red the 802.3ah Addition to the IEEE Standard
EFM (802.3ah) completes the dual fiber standards suite

EFM add single fiber to the IEEE802.3 standard
EFM allows for GbE extended temperature and reach
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
27
1000BaseBX-U, 1000BaseBX-D:
Operating Principle
Laser and receiver in same package where optical light
path is split into second and third window by a
WDM filter
WDM filter has a typical insertion loss <1.0dB
GLC-BX-1490
1490nm Laser
GLC-BX-1310
Single G.652 Fiber
1310nm Laser
1.3m Receiver
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2

Presentation_ID.scr
1.5m Receiver
28
IEEE 802.3aq or 10Gb/s on

FDDI-Grade MM Fiber
At 10Gb/s the effects of modal dispersion heavily deteriorate the signal; the
original solution of IEEE 802.3ae to combat modal dispersion and extend the
reach of 10Gb/s over legacy MM fiber up to 300m was to use 4 parallel
2.5Gb/s speed signals (LX4) instead of a serial 10Gb/s signal
Recently a new IEEE Task Force has started to work on a new standard to
allow serial 10Gb/s optics (unlike 10GBASE-LX4) operate on 220m (at least) of
legacy FDDI-grade multimode fiber
To correct the severe modal dispersion at 10Gb/s the Task Force is
evaluating various technologies such as Electronic Dispersion Compensation
(EDC), which is a post-equalization technique to recover at the receiver a
signal degraded by modal dispersion in the electronic domain (see next slide)
The goal is to reduce the costs of LX4 optics which employ 4 lasers, 4 photoreceivers and 2 filters; the manufacturing complexity is also a factor that
adds costs compared to a solution based on serial optics (1 laser, 1 photoreceiver)
Moreover, LX4 optics cannot be implemented in 10Gb/s small form factor
pluggable optics (XFPsee later), which has the potential of becoming a very
popular factor in next generation switches
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
29
Electronic Equalization Concept

Pluggable Module Schematic
Electrical Signal to
the Linecard
Input Optical Signal

EDC Chipset
Electrical Eye
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2

Presentation_ID.scr
Optical Eye
30
Agenda
Applications
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
31
Gigabit Ethernet Pluggable Transceivers

Gigabit Interface Converter, a.k.a. GBIC: it is an industry-wide
standard (or Multi-Source AgreementMSA) for Fibre
Channel and Gigabit Ethernet transceivers;
(GBIC specification document:
ftp://ftp.seagate.com/sff/SFF-8053.PDF)
Small Form Factor Pluggable, a.k.a. SFP: it is another
standard MSA to support a large number of applications
including Gigabit Ethernet (SFP specification document:
ftp://ftp.seagate.com/sff/INF-8074.PDF)
Both GBIC and SFP are hot-pluggable, full-duplex serial
interface converters that take electrical signals and convert
them into optical signals to run over fiber-optic cables
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2

Presentation_ID.scr
32
GBIC vs. SFP
SFP
GBIC
SFPs can be considered the next generation of GBICs, designed to consume less power
(1w vs. 1.5W) and take up less space than GBICs (thus allowing greater densities and/or
lower power consumptions)
Cisco SFPs utilize LC connectors, while Cisco GBICs adopt SC connectors
Both GBICs and SFPs are available on Cisco switches and routers; new linecards and
stackable switches tend to adopt SFPs
Cisco SFPs in the near future will all support Digital Optical Monitoring (DOM) and
extended temperature range (-5C to +85C case temp.)
Cisco GBICs will not support DOM, with the exception of DWDM GBICs and will operate
only in the commercial temperature range (0C to +70C case temp.)
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
33
Cisco GBICs, SFPs and IEEE (Optical)

Standards
GBIC/SFP
IEEE 802.3z/802.3ah
WSWS-G5484/GLCG5484/GLC-SXSX-MM
850nm MMF
1000BaseSX
WSWS-G5486/GLCG5486/GLC-LHLH-SM
1300nm SMF LX/LH 10km
1000BaseLX
WSWS-G5487/GLCG5487/GLC-ZXZX-SM
1550nm SMF
GLCGLC-BXBX-1310, GLCGLC-BXBX-1490
1310/1490nm SMF 10km
N/A
1000BaseBX1000BaseBX-U, 1000BaseBX1000BaseBX-D
CWDMCWDM-GBICGBIC-xxxx/
CWDMCWDM-SFPSFP-xxxx
1470 to 1610 CWDM
N/A
DWDMDWDM-GBICGBIC-xx.yy
C-Band 100GHz Grid
N/A
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2

Presentation_ID.scr
34
Cisco GBICs and SFPs:

Ethernet Application Mapping
GBIC/SFP
Target Solution
WSWS-G5484/GLCG5484/GLC-SXSX-MM
850nm MMF
Data Center/Campus
Campus Core
WSWS-G5486/GLCG5486/GLC-LHLH-SM
1300nm SMF LX/LH 10km
PointPoint-toto-Point Campus Extension

Metro Access
WSWS-G5487/GLCG5487/GLC-ZXZX-SM
1550nm SMF
GLCGLC-BXBX-1310, GLCGLC-BXBX-1490
1310/1490nm SMF 10km
Ethernet in the First Mile

Mile
CWDMCWDM-GBICGBIC-xxxx/
CWDMCWDM-SFPSFP-xxxx
1470 to 1610 CWDM
Metro Access
(Ring ~ 50km, PP-toto-P 100km)
DWDMDWDM-GBICGBIC-xx.yy
C-Band 100GHz Grid
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
Metro/VoD
(~ 200km with Optical Amplification)
35
10 Gigabit Ethernet Pluggable Transceivers

Cisco Focuses on Three Types of 10GbE Pluggable MSAs:
Xenpak (www.xenpak.org)
X2 (www.x2msa.org)
XFP (www.xfpmsa.org)
Supporting
Platforms
(07/04)
Catalyst
6000
Xenpak
X2
XFP
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
Catalyst
4000
Catalyst
3000
Next Gen.
10G Routers
Cards

Presentation_ID.scr
36
Different MSAs for Different Form Factors
X2
Power
Size
X2
(Courtesy JDSU)
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
Density
37
Xenpak vs. X2 vs. XFP (1/2)

Size is the most obvious difference among the three form factors;
the drawback of bigger form factors is a lower density achievable on
linecards; on the other hand, a bigger size form factor facilitates
power dissipation, thus simplifying the thermal design of long reach
(10GBaseE) and DWDM modules and linecards
Cisco Xenpak and X2 currently support only IEEE 802.3ae 10 Gigabit
Ethernet; XFP, because it does not include a mux/demux function, is
protocol agnostic and can support OC192/STM-64, 10G Fibre
Channel, G.709, and 10G Ethernet
Xenpak and X2 use a 4-lanes XAUI interface as board interconnect
standard; Xenpak and X2 are electrically compatible; on the other
hand XFP uses a serial electrical interface, known as XFI, as a board
interconnect
XFP is smaller (and consumes less power) also because it removes
the Serializing/Deserializing circuitry (SERDES) and XAUI interface
which are built-in Xenpak and X2 modules
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2

Presentation_ID.scr
38
Xenpak/X2 vs. XFP (2/2)
Xenpak/X2
Architecture
Host
Line Card
PCS
64b/66b
Encoding
XAUI
4x3.125Gb/s
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
PMD
16:1
E/O
Mux/Demux Conversion
XSBI
Electrical
16x644Mb/s 10.3125Gb/s
Host
Line Card
XFP
Architecture
PMA
PMD
E/O
Conversion
XFI
10.3125Gb/s
Fiber
Optics
Optical
10.3125Gb/s
Fiber
Optics
Optical
10.3125Gb/s
39
Cisco Xenpak and IEEE (Optical) Standards

Xenpak
IEEE 802.3z/802.3ah
XENPAKXENPAK-10GB10GB-SR
850nm SMF
10GBaseS
XENPAKXENPAK-10GB10GB-LX4
1300nm MMF
10GBaseLX4
XENPAKXENPAK-10GB10GB-LR
LAN PHY 1300nm SMF
10GBaseL
XENPAKXENPAK-10GB10GB-ER
1550nm SMF 40km
10GBaseE
XENPAKXENPAK-10GB10GB-LW
WAN PHY 1300nm SMF
10GBaseL
DWDMDWDM-XENPAKXENPAK-xx.yy
C-Band 100 GHz Grid 80km
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2

Presentation_ID.scr
N/A
40
Cisco Xenpaks:
Ten-Gigabit Ethernet Application Mapping
Xenpak
Target Solution
XENPAKXENPAK-10GB10GB-SR
850nm SMF
Data Center/GridCenter/Grid-Vomputing
XENPAKXENPAK-10GB10GB-LX4
1300nm MMF
Campus
XENPAKXENPAK-10GB10GB-LR
LAN PHY 1300nm SMF
PointPoint-toto-Point Campus Extension

Metro Access
XENPAKXENPAK-10GB10GB-ER
1550nm SMF 40km
XENPAKXENPAK-10GB10GB-LW
WAN PHY 1300nm SMF
DWDMDWDM-XENPAKXENPAK-xx.yy
C-Band 100 GHz Grid 80km
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
Metro Access
Enterprise/SP Connectivity over
Legacy
Legacy SONET/SDH Infrastructure
Metro/Vod (~200km with Optical
Amplification and Disp. Compensation)
41
Agenda
Applications
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2

Presentation_ID.scr
42
Beyond the IEEE Standard

GigE over 2km of multimode fiber
CWDM GBICs and SFPs solution
DWDM GBICs
DWDM Xenpaks
Digital Optical Monitoring
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
43
GigE over 2km of Multimode Fiber

Cisco LX optics is standard compliant and is guaranteed to operate up to
550m on legacy FDDI-grade multimode fiber
The average multimode fiber is of much higher quality (higher bandwidth)
than the FDDI-grade fiber used as a benchmark by IEEE 802.3z
The actual bandwidth of a multimode fiber is usually not known; as
frustrating as it may sound, MMF suffers from the unpredictable-bandwidth
syndrome; therefore, in most cases the only way to determine the optical
performance is to test out a particular fiber
The 550m distance should be interpreted as the maximum distance to
guarantee that 99% of the fiber out there will be covered; if the distance is
750m or 1500m, the percentage of fibers may drop to 90% or 80%, but still on
the great majority of the links your system will work
Cisco supports higher distances than the standard with LX GBICs and SFPs +
MCP, provided that the customers successfully test the link prior to final
deployment and the test report is made available to Cisco
Experimental evidence shows distances in excess of 2km are achievable;
however, the performance needs to be evaluated case-by-case or fiber linkby-fiber link
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2

Presentation_ID.scr
44
GigE Error-Free Transmission over 2km of

Multimode Fiber
2500
2000
Error-Free
1800
1500
1000
500
0
Successful Transmission of Cisco LX GBIC + MCP over 2km of Multimode Fiber
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
45
Cisco WDM Pluggable Transceiver

Proposition
Simplicity:
WDM functionality is transparent to L2/3
infrastructure (switches/ routers); use of standard
GBIC/SFP/XENPAK ports
Minimize CAPEX:
No additional OEO to map services to WDM channels
Minimize OPEX:
No maintenance/provisioning of an additional layer of
hardware to perform wavelength conversion
Availability:
Passive mux/demux devices limit power outages to
specific wavelengths
Client protection (L2/L3/EtherChannel) against fiber cuts
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2

Presentation_ID.scr
46
Transceiver vs. Transponder-Based WDM

Transponder-Based WDM Design
Relative Cost
100
6 Transceivers
and
4 Filters per Link
Switch/
WDM
Xponders
Router
Filter
WDM
Switch/
Xponders
Filter
Router
Integrated WDM Pluggable Transceiver

2 Transceivers
and
60
4 Filters per Link
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
Switch/
Router
WDM
Filter
WDM
Filter
Switch/
Router
47
Wavelength Division Multiplexing Flavors:

Channel Spacing Sets the Difference
C Band
D-WDM
EDFA
EDFA
BandBandwidth
width
Optimized for Bandwidth
1260nm
1400nm
1500nm
1625nm
1400nm
1500nm
1625nm
C-WDM
Optimized for Low Cost

1260nm
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2

Presentation_ID.scr
48
Cisco CWDM GBIC/SFP Solution

Cisco CWDM MUX/DEMUX
Cisco CWDM GBICs

30dB of Power Budget
CWDM-MUX4-SF1,
CWDM-MUX4-SF2:
Single Fiber 4-Channel
Mux/Demux
CWDM-MUX-8:
8-Channel Mux/Demux
New Gen. only 2.4 dB of
insertion loss
Passive monitor ports
Cisco CWDM OADMs

Cisco CWDM SFPs
CWDM-4-OADM1, CWDM-4-OADM2:
4-channel OADMs: 1470-1530, 15501610
New gen. only 1.9dB of
insertion loss
CWDM-OADM-1-xxxx:
8 dual single-channel
OADM
New gen. only 0.7dB of
pass-through loss
Cisco CWDM 1300/1550 Splitter:

OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
Y-cable to support legacy 1300nm channels and CWDM on the

same fiber infrastructure; it can avoid transponders for legacy
or non-Cisco equipment
49
CWDM Topologies: Unprotected 1, 4, and 8

Lambda Point-to-Point
Single Lambda1 Channel
Unprotected Pt to Pt
All that Is Required Is One of CWDM-GBIC-XXXX at Each End
Pass
MUX-4
4 Lambda4 Channel
Add/Drop Only via West
Network
Pass
Network
Spare
Slot
MUX-4
Spare
Slot
1 RU Chassis
8 Lambda8 Channel
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2

Presentation_ID.scr
MUX-8
Spare
Slot
Network
Network
MUX-8
Spare
Slot
50
CWDM Topologies: Unprotected 8

Channels Bus
East
Network
GBICS Connected
to Only East Side
of Each OADM
East
West
MUX-AD1490
Spare
Slot
MUX-AD1530
Spare
Slot
West
Network
MUX-4
MUX-8
Pass
Spare
Slot
Spare
Slot
East
West
West
MUX-AD1610
Spare
Slot
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
East
MUX-AD1570
Spare
Slot
51
CWDM Topologies:
Protected 8 Lambda Hubbed Ring
East
Network
MUX-AD1590
Spare
Slot
MUX-AD1550
Spare
Slot
West
Network
MUX-8
Pass MUX-8
MUX-8
Pass MUX-8
Network
East
West
East Facing GBIC

West Facing GBIC
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
Same Topology
Available with
4 Channels
East
West
MUX-AD1610
Spare
Slot

Presentation_ID.scr
West
East
MUX-AD1570
Spare
Slot
52
CWDM Topologies: Protected 1x4 and 2x1

Lambda Meshed Ring
East
West
East
Network
MUX-AD1490
Spare
Slot
West
Network
MUX-4 Pass
Pass MUX-4
MUX-4 Pass
Pass MUX-4
Network
East
West
East Facing GBIC

West Facing GBIC
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
MUX-AD1510
Spare
Slot
MUX-AD1490
Spare
Slot
West
East
MUX-AD1510
Spare
Slot
53
Cisco DWDM GBIC

Highlights
3600ps/nm or 200km
Dispersion Limitation
32 Channels/100GHz GridCompatible with ONS Filter
Products
Use ONS-15216 EDFAs to
Amplify Beyond 80km
Interoperability with
ONS15454
Supported by Catalyst
switches: 4500, 6500 and
3550/2950
DWDM GBICs interoperate
with Cisco ONS optical
products
32 different SKUs: one per
wavelength

Support
Unidirectional Single Fiber
Support for VoD
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2

Presentation_ID.scr
54
Cisco 10GE DWDM Xenpak

Highlights
Currently supported by
Catalyst 6500 and 7600
router families

1600ps/nm or 90km
Dispersion Limitation
DWDM GBICs interoperate

with Cisco ONS optical
products
32 Channels/100GHz GridCompatible with ONS Filter

Products
32 different SKUs: one per

wavelength
Use ONS-15216 EDFA 3 to

Amplify Beyond 80km
Interoperability with
ONS15454
Support
Unidirectional Single Fiber
Support for VoD
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
55
Ethernet Switches-Based DWDM Network
GBICs/Xenpaks
GBICs/Xenpaks
VOA
DCU
Catalyst Switch
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
EDFA
EDFA
DCU
VOA
DWDM Transport Network:

Mux/Demux + EDFA + Disp. Comp. Units.
NO TRANSPONDERS

Presentation_ID.scr
Catalyst Switch
56
DWDM GBIC Port Configuration

in Cisco IOS
show interface capabilities module #

bubba#sh int capabilities module 2
GigabitEthernet2/1
Model:
WS-X4418-Gbic
Type:
1000-DWDM-47.72
Speed:
1000
Duplex:
full
[]
Note that for Each DWDM GBIC the Wavelength Is Specified
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
57
CH
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
nm
1530.33
1531.12
1531.90
1532.68
1533.47
1534.25
1535.04
1535.82
1536.61
1537.40
1538.19
1538.98
1539.77
1540.56
1541.35
1542.14
1542.94
1543.73
1544.53
1546.12
1546.92
1547.72
1548.51
1549.32
1550.12
1550.92
1551.72
1552.52
1553.33
1554.13
1554.94
1555.75
1556.55
1557.36
1558.17
1558.98
1559.79
1560.61
C-Band DWDM ITU-T G.692 Compatible

Channel Plan
32
32 channel plan4 skip 1 on 100GHz ITU-T G.692 grid

DWDM GBICs match channel plan of ONG 100GHz ITU
products
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2

Presentation_ID.scr
58
Digital Optical Monitoring (DOM)

Digital monitoring is a multi-source agreement SFF-8472
(ftp://ftp.seagate.com/sff/SFF-8472.PDF) intended to define a digital
interface to access real-time transceivers operating parameters
such as:
Optical TX power
Optical RX power
Laser current
Temperature
Voltage
In Cisco products DOM is accessible via CLI interface or SNMP

Supported
Ethernet
Transceivers
(07/04)
SFP
LX/SX/ZX/CWDM
DOM Support
Planned
GBIC
Xenpak
(SX/LX/ZX/CWDM) (LR,ER,SR,LX4,DWDM)
DWDM Only
LR*/ER/DWDM Only
*Starting from a Certain Part Number

OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
59
Accessing DOM via Cisco IOS
#show interfaces transceiver

++ : high alarm, + : high warning, - : low warning, -- : low alarm.
N/A: not applicable, Tx: transmit, Rx: receive.
mA: milliamperes, dBm: decibels (milliwatts).
Optical
Optical
Temperature Voltage
Port
(Celsius)
----- ------Gi1/2
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
(Volts)
Current
Tx Power Rx Power
(mA)
(dBm)
(dBm)
------
---------
------- ------ -------- --------
50.5
5.06

Presentation_ID.scr
28.8
1.3
-9.6
60
Agenda
Applications
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
61
Cisco Fiber Support Policy

In general, for IEEE applications Cisco supports only the fiber
specified by IEEE
This means that w.r.t to multimode fibers Cisco does not support any
installation on special (i.e. outside the IEEE specification);
examples include fiber supporting more than 300m for 10GBaseS
(850 nm) optics
W.r.t. single mode fiber for IEEE applications, Cisco supports only
G.652 fiber
On non-IEEE applications, such as ZX/CWDM/DWDM interfaces,
Cisco is open to support various other fibers such as G.655 provided
Cisco has tested and verified link performance
If a fiber is not supported, it does not mean that it does not work or
has poor performance with Cisco optics; the customer always can
decide whether to manually engineer a link beyond IEEE
recommended framework
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2

Presentation_ID.scr
62
IEEE 802.3z: Supported Fibers

IEEEs fiber optic cables requirements are specified in IEC 60793-2:1992
(see table below)
IEEE specifies operation only on classic ITU-T G.652 single mode fibers
In addition, the Gigabit Ethernet cable model is based on the worst-case optical cable
model defined in ISO/IEC 11801
Description
Nominal Fiber
Specification
Wavelength
Fiber Cable
Attenuation (Max)
Modal Bandwidth
(Min; Overfilled
Launch)
62.5m MMF
50m MMF
10m MMF
Unit
850
1300
850
1300
1310
nm
3.75a
1.5
3.5
1.5
0.5
dB/km
160
500
400
400
N/A
MHz*km
200
500
500
500
N/A
MHz*km
Zero Dispersion
Wavelength (0)
1320 0 1365
1295 0 1320
1300 0 1324
nm
Dispersion Slope
(Max) (S0)
0.11 for
1320 0 1348
and 0.001(1458 - 0)
for 1348 0 1365
0.11 for
1300 0 1320 and
0.001(0 - 1190) for
1295 0 1300
0.093
Ps/nm2 km
aThis Value of Attenuation Is a Relaxation of the Standard

(IEC 60793-2, Type A1b, Category Less Than or Equal to 3.5dB/km)
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
63
IEEE 802.3ae: Supported Fibers

Table 52-25Optical Fiber and Cable Characteristics
Description
62.5m MMF
50m MMF
Nominal Fiber
Specification
Wavelength
Type B1.1, B1.3 SMF
Unit
850
850
1310
1550
nm
Fiber Cable
Attenuation (Max)
3.5
3.5
0.4a or 0.5b
See
FootnoteC
dB/km
Modal Bandwidth
(Min)
160d or 200d
400d or 500d or 2000e
N/A
MHz km
Zero Dispersion
Wavelength (0)
1320 0 1365
1295 0 1320
1300 0 1324
nm
Dispersion Slope
(Max) (S0)
0.11 for
1320 0 1348 and
0.001(1458 - 0) for
1348 0 1365
0.11 for
1300 0 1320 and
0.001(0 - 1190) for
1295 0 1300
0.093
Ps/nm2 km
aFor
the Single Mode Case, the 0.4dB/km Attenuation for Optical Fiber Cables Is Defined in ITU-T G.652
bFor the Single Mode Case, the 0.5dB/km Attenuation Is Provided for Outside Plant Cable as Defined in
ANSI/TIA/EIA 568B.3-2000; Using 0.5dB/km May Not Support Operation at 10km
cAttenuation for 1550nm Links Is Based on the Fiber Channel and Is Specified in 52.14.3
dOverfilled Launch Bandwidth per IEC 60793-1-41 or ANSI/TIA/EIA 455-204-2000
eEffective Modal Bandwidth for Fiber Meeting TIA/EIA-492AAAC-2002 when Used with Sources Meeting the
Wavelenth (Range) and Encircled Flux Specifications of Table 52-7
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2

Presentation_ID.scr
64
Beyond IEEE: Standard ITU-T Single Mode

Fiber Classification
Fiber Optics Cables Are Classified Based on
Their Chromatic Dispersion Characteristics:
ITU-T G.652Standard SMF (SSMF) and Zero-Water
Peak Fiber (ZWPF)
ITU-T G.653Dispersion Shifted Fiber (DSF)
ITU-T G.655Non-Zero Dispersion Shifted Fiber
(NZDSF)
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
65
Fiber Dispersion Characteristics

SSMF (G.652)
>90% of Deployed Plant
Dispersion (in ps/nm- km)
25
20
DS
NZDS+
NZDS-
SSMF
15
10
5
0
-5
DSF G.653
NZDSF G.655
-10
-15
-20
1350 1370 1390 1410 1430 1450 1470 1490 1510 1530 1550 1570 1590 1610 1630 1650
Wavelength (in nm)

OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2

Presentation_ID.scr
66
ITU-T G.652.C Zero Water Peak Fiber

(ZWPF)
Designed to support CWDM application with more than 8 channels,
the ZWPF removes the absorption peak around 1383nm
From a chromatic dispersion standpoint it behaves as a standard
G.652 fiber
Source: Corning Datasheets for SMF28 and SMF28e

OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
67
Examples of Commercial Fibers
G.652
(SSMF)
G.652.C
(ZWPF)
G.655 +
(NZDSF+)
G.655 (NZDSF-)
Corning SMF-28
Corning
SMF-28e
Corning LEAF
Corning
MetroCor
ATT/Lucent SSMF
OFS
AllWave
Lucent/OFS
Truewave
Corning LS
Alcatel 6900
Alcatel 6901
Pirelli Freelight
Pirelli
Widelight
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2

Presentation_ID.scr
68
Single Mode Fibers and Cisco Ethernet

Technologies
1310nm
(1000BaseLX
/10GBaseL)
1550nm
(1000BaseZX/
10GBaseE)
CWDM
DWDM
SMF
(G.652)
DSF
(G.653)
Works but Not

Supported by
IEEE
Works but Not

Supported by
IEEE 10GBaseE
Works but
Untested/
Unsupported by
Cisco
NZDSF
(G.655)
Works but Not

Supported by
IEEE
Works but Not

Supported by
IEEE 10GBaseE
ZWPF
(G.652.C)
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
69
Summary
We reviewed the main applications of optical Ethernet: from
campus backbone connectivity to DWDM VoD Ethernet
transport
We introduced the major IEEE standards for Gigabit and
10-Gigabit Ethernet both on single and multimode fiber
We then learned about the different pluggable for factors
supported by Cisco Ethernet switches and routers:
GBIC and SFP for Gigabit Ethernet
Xenpak, X2, and XFP for 10-Gigabit Ethernet
We also discovered non-IEEE standard applications

supported by Cisco pluggable optics w.r.t. mainly to CWDM
and DWDM to enable metro Ethernet networks
Finally, we examined the differences among various fiber
types and which fibers are supported by Ethernet transceivers
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2

Presentation_ID.scr
70
APPENDIX
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
71
References
Xenpak MSA: www.xenpak.org
X2 MSA: www.x2msa.org
XFP MSA: www.xfpmsa.org
IEEE 802.3z (Gigabit Ethernet):
http://www.ieee802.org/3/z/index.html
IEEE 802.3ae (10-Gigabit Ethernet):
http://www.ieee802.org/3/ae/index.html
IEEE 802.3ah (Ethernet in the First Mile):
http://www.ieee802.org/3/efm/index.html
IEEE 802.3 10Gb/s on FDDI-Grade MM Fiber:
http://www.ieee802.org/3/10GMMFSG/index.html
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2

Presentation_ID.scr
72
DWDM GBICs/Xenpaks:
Filters Reference Matrix
DWDM GBIC
DWDM-GBIC-60.61
DWDM-GBIC-59.79
DWDM-GBIC-58.98
DWDM-GBIC-58.17
DWDM-GBIC-56.55
DWDM-GBIC-55.75
DWDM-GBIC-54.94
DWDM-GBIC-54.13
DWDM-GBIC-52.52
DWDM-GBIC-51.72
DWDM-GBIC-50.92
DWDM-GBIC-50.12
DWDM-GBIC-48.51
DWDM-GBIC-47.72
DWDM-GBIC-46.92
DWDM-GBIC-46.12
DWDM-GBIC-44.53
DWDM-GBIC-43.73
DWDM-GBIC-42.94
DWDM-GBIC-42.14
DWDM-GBIC-40.56
DWDM-GBIC-39.77
DWDM-GBIC-38.98
DWDM-GBIC-38.19
DWDM-GBIC-36.61
DWDM-GBIC-35.82
DWDM-GBIC-35.04
DWDM-GBIC-34.25
DWDM-GBIC-32.68
DWDM-GBIC-31.90
DWDM-GBIC-31.12
DWDM-GBIC-30.33
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
15216 FlexLayer
8 channel Mux 2 channel OADM
(or DeMux)
(Add or Drop)
15216-FLA-8-60.6= 15216-FLB-2-xx.x=
Can be used as
Mux or DeMux
15216-FLB-2-xx.x=
15216-FLB-2-xx.x=
15216-FLB-2-xx.x=
15216-FLA-8-52.5= 15216-FLB-2-xx.x=
Can be used as
Mux or DeMux
15216-FLB-2-xx.x=
15216-FLB-2-xx.x=
15216-FLB-2-xx.x=
15216-FLA-8-44.5= 15216-FLB-2-xx.x=
Can be used as
Mux or DeMux
15216-FLB-2-xx.x=
15216-FLB-2-xx.x=
15216-FLB-2-xx.x=
15216-FLA-8-36.6= 15216-FLB-2-xx.x=
Can be used as
Mux or DeMux
15216-FLB-2-xx.x=
15216-FLB-2-xx.x=
15216-FLB-2-xx.x=
ITU
15216
Channel
4 channel OADM
2 channel OADM
1 Channel OADM
16 channel
(Add and Drop,
(Add and Drop,
(Add and Drop,
Mux/DeMux
Auto VOA)
Auto VOA)
Auto VOA)
15216-MD16-2-RED= 15216-AD4-2A-xx.x= 15216-AD2-2A-xx.x= 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x=
21
15216-AD1-2A-xx.x=
22
15216-AD2-2A-xx.x= 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x=
23
15216-AD1-2A-xx.x=
24
15216-AD4-2A-xx.x= 15216-AD2-2A-xx.x= 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x=
26
15216-AD1-2A-xx.x=
27
15216-AD2-2A-xx.x= 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x=
28
15216-AD1-2A-xx.x=
29
31
15216-AD1-2A-xx.x=
32
15216-AD2-2A-xx.x= 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x=
33
15216-AD1-2A-xx.x=
34
36
15216-AD1-2A-xx.x=
37
15216-AD2-2A-xx.x= 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x=
38
15216-AD1-2A-xx.x=
39
41
15216-MD16-2-BLUE= 15216-AD4-2A-xx.x= 15216-AD2-2A-xx.x= 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x=
15216-AD1-2A-xx.x=
42
15216-AD2-2A-xx.x= 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x=
43
15216-AD1-2A-xx.x=
44
46
15216-AD1-2A-xx.x=
47
15216-AD2-2A-xx.x= 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x=
48
15216-AD1-2A-xx.x=
49
51
15216-AD1-2A-xx.x=
52
15216-AD2-2A-xx.x= 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x=
53
15216-AD1-2A-xx.x=
54
56
15216-AD1-2A-xx.x=
57
15216-AD2-2A-xx.x= 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x=
58
15216-AD1-2A-xx.x=
59
ONS
Band
ONS
Channel
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
B
C
C
C
C
D
D
D
D
E
E
E
E
F
F
F
F
G
G
G
G
H
H
H
H
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
73
Q AND A
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2

Presentation_ID.scr
74
Recommended Reading
Continue your
Networkers learning
experience with further
reading for this session
from Cisco Press.
Check the
Recommended
Reading flyer for
suggested books.
Available on-site at the Cisco Company Store
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
75
Complete Your Online Session Evaluation!

WHAT:
Complete an online session evaluation

and your name will be entered into a
daily drawing
WHY:
Win fabulous prizes! Give us your feedback!
WHERE: Go to the Internet stations located

throughout the Convention Center
HOW:
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2
Winners will be posted on the onsite

Networkers Website; four winners per day

Presentation_ID.scr
76
OPT-2041
9712_05_2004_c2

Presentation_ID.scr
77

ETH Over SDH - New

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

ETH Over SDH - New

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

IMPLEMENTING OPTICAL

ETHERNET NETWORKS WITH

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.

Gigabit and Ten-Gigabit Ethernet in

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Enterprise Ethernet WANs

Multi-Gigabit Ethernet Pipe

GigE WDM, or 10GE for campus extension

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.

Ten-Gigabit Ethernet Transport across a

SONET/SDH OC-192 Interface

Enterprise leasing an OC-192/STM-64 circuit to transport 10-gigabit

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Gigabit Ethernet Metro Access Ring

Metro RingSingle Mode Fiber

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.

Video on Demand Ethernet Transport

DWDM architecture for VoD transport can be

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

EFM (802.3ah) Fiber Point-to-Point:

Business and residential access over single mode fiber

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Anatomy of a Fiber-Optic Cable

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.

Single Mode Fiber vs. Multimode Fiber

Single Mode Fiber (SMF)

Core diameter is about 9m

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Fiber Attenuation (Loss) Characteristic

Loss(dB)/km vs. Wavelength

OH- Absorption Peaks in

Wavelength in Nanometers (nm)

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.

Fiber Loss and dB

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Laser Output Power and

dB and dBm Are Additive, Hence the Simplification when

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.

Modal Dispersion (MMF Only)

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chromatic Dispersion (CD)

The optical pulse tends to spread as it propagates down the

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.

How to Read the Dispersion Specification

Specification of Transceivers (ps/nm)

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Wavelength Division Multiplexing Concept

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

IEEE Ethernet Standard for Gigabit and

IEEE Std 802.3z1998

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.