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JUNE, 2015
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CURRENT AFFAIRS
PRAGATI Platform
National Issues
International Issues
India & the World
Economy
Science and Technology
Sports
Awards & Prizes
In The News
Selected Articles from
Various Newspapers & Journals
Page No.
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25
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37
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50
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86
Make in India
Page No.
88
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102
112
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Pragati Platform
PRAGATI PLATFORM
Grievance has been defined as
indignation or resentment arising out
of a feeling of being wronged.
Grievance is an expression of
dissatisfaction made to an
organization related to its products,
services, processes, etc. where a
response or resolution is explicitly or
implicitly expected. Government of
India, State Governments as well as
various organizations under them
have set up grievance redressal
mechanisms to look into the
complaints of citizens. Besides, there
are other institutional mechanisms
like the CVC, and the Lokayuktas
which have the mandate to look into
the complaints of corruption and
abuse of offi ce by public servants.
India has an elaborate legal and
institutional structure which povide
for the welfare state and also for the
grievance redressal mechanisms for
the citizens. But there is a wide gap
between the legal and institutional
mechanisms and what is experienced
at the ground level. Citizen of 21st
century are demanding and
governance should respond to
grievances and demands of the
citizen smoothly and in timely
manner. Citizen centracity is
4
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Pragati Platform
and for holistic development of the
country, it was also felt necessary to
facilitate from the Union Government
level the projects of the States.
Accordingly, with the three
objectives of: Grievance Redressal,
Programme Implementation and
Project Monitoring, an IT-based
redressal and monitoring system has
been designed. It will combine Data
Management and Analysis, Geospatial Applications as well as Videoconferencing. The application will be
accessible to the Secretaries of the
Government of India and the State
Chief Secretaries.
Key features of the PRAGATI
application are as follows:
It is a three-tier system (PMO,
Union
Government
Secretaries, and Chief
Secretaries of the States);
Prime Minister will hold a
monthly programme where he
will interact with the
Government
of
India
Secretaries, and Chief
Secretaries through Videoconferencing enabled by data
and geo-informatics visuals;
It will be held once in every
month on Fourth Wednesday
at 3.30 PM-to be known as
PRAGATI Day.
Chief Secretaries.
The system has been designed
in-house by the PMO team with the
help of National Informatics Center
(NIC). Pragati is a system to bring the
transparency and accountability in
the processes with the help of
technology. Citizen grievance does
not only remain with public sector.
Citizens mostly rely on the open
market for most of their purchases like
products for daily use etc.
Relationship between the companies
in open market and the customer is
not on equal footing, this unequal
relationship necessitates State
intervention. Cunsomer protection
courts have been setup for the
purpose of protecting consumers
from wrong acts of retailers,
companies etc. The Consumer
Protection Act was passed in 1986
to protect the interests of the
consumers. The Act envisages threetier quasi-judicial machinery at the
National, State and District levels. The
Act also provides for establishment
of Consumer Protection Councils at
the Union, State and District levels,
whose main objectives are to
promote and protect the rights of
consumers. However the functioning
of consumer protection act desires a
lot of changes.
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(Crack IAS) 60 Days Crash Course for IAS (Pre) 2015 G.S. + CSAT
COMBO
What candidate will get:
1. All the relevant and required materials of subjects mentioned in the GS(Paper-1) Syllabus (Worth
Rs.999):
2. All the relevant and required materials for CSAT (Paper-2) Syllabus(Worth Rs.499):
3. The Gist of The Hindu, Yojana, Kurukshetra from Aug 2014-July 2015. (PDF - Worth Rs.559)
4. 30 GS+CSAT Tests Series with AIR and Score (Worth Rs.2000, Via Courier)
5. Weekly Current Affairs Subscription (1 Year Subscription - 52 Pdf Copy)
6. Civil Services Mentor Magazine (1 Year Subscription - 12 Pdf Copy)
7. Motivational Book - Becoming a Civil Servant by Abhay K. (IFS)(Hard Copy, Via Courier)
8. Special Current Affairs for IAS Pre 2015 (6 Months - Pdf Copy)
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National Issues
NATIONAL ISSUES
Foreign Airlines Come Under
Sexual Harassment Act:
Delhi HC
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The commission said a person
who migrated can be
considered ordinarily resident
in his new place even without
owning or possessing a house
there. It said the law was
reasonable as it is now.
In an affidavit filed before the
Supreme Court, the poll body
said the committee was set up
despite scepticism about the
need
to
amend
the
Representation of the People
Act. The poll body was
responding to a notice issued
by the Supreme Court on
January 12, 2015, on a plea
made by UAE-based doctor
Shamsheer V.P., represented by
senior advocate Dushyant Dave
and advocate Haris Beeran,
demanding electoral reforms to
allow inter-State migrants the
voting privileges like postal
ballot, which is accorded to
government servants.
The application filed by Dr.
Shamsheer sought the same
voting privileges accorded to
government servants under
Section 20(8) (d) of the
Representation of the People
Act, 1950, read with Section
60(b) of the Representation of
the People Act 1951, which
allowed them to vote via postal
ballot upon the consent of the
Election Commission.
MHA Renamed Visa Scheme
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Equipped with Weapons
Launching tubes (WLT) that can
carry weapons on board and
can be easily reloaded at sea.
Vivid Bharti now on FM
State-owned
power
equipment-maker Bharat Heavy
Electricals Limited (BHEL) has
commissioned a second 600
MW
thermal
unit
in
Chhattisgarhs Janjgir Champa
District for the Dainik Bhaskar
Power Limited.
BHEL is partner in the power
development programme of the
state of Chhattisgarh. With this
commissioning of second unit,
BHELs cumulative installed
capacity has increased at
11,400MW in Chhattisgarh and
accounts for 68 per cent share
of the total installed capacity in
the state.
National Judicial Appointments
Commission comes into force
Union Government has brought
into force the National Judicial
Appointments Commission
(NJAC) Act, 2014 along with
the 99th Constitutional
Amendment Act, 2014. In this
regard, notification to effect
from 13 April 2015 was issued
by the Union Law Ministry. With
this new law the collegium
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tional Judicial Appointments
Commission is inclusive, the
Act provides that one of the
eminent persons shall be
nominated from amongst
persons belonging to the
Scheduled Caste, the
Scheduled Tribes, Other
Backward Classes, Minorities
or Women. The NJAC will
frame its own regulations.
Century Old Indian
Sculpture to Fly Back Home
To facilitate establishment of an
efficient and robust Integrated
Emergency Communication &
Response System (IECRS) in
India, the Telecom Regulatory
Authority of India (TRAI) has
suo-motu issued recommen
dations on implementation of
Single Number based
Integrated
Emergency
Communication
&
Response System (IECRS)
(IECRS).
These recommendations have
been finalized after wider
consultations with the
stakeholders.
The Authority had issued a
Consultation Paper titled
Universal Single Number based
Integrated
Emergency
Communication & Response
System dated 15 th March 2013
for seeking comments of
stakeholders. Since State
Governments are major
stakeholders in the entire
process of setting up IECRS,
meeting
with
the
representatives of State
Government, Ministry of Home
Affairs (MHA) and National
Disaster Management Authority
(NDMA) was also held at New
Delhi.
The salient features of the
recommendation are given
below:
(i) Number 112 be adopted as
the single emergency number for India.
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National Issues
Technology (DEITY), Ministry
of Health and Family Welfare
(MHFW), Ministry of Women
and Child Development
(MWCD) and other concerned Centre and State
agencies which can coordinate and help in setting up of
IECRS in the country.
(ix) A trial version of PSAP based
IECRS should be put in place
as a prototype before full
scale implementation.
India Successfully Test Fired
Nuclear-Capable Agni-III
Ballistic Missile
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Greenpeace
India
has
prejudicially affected the
public and the economic
interest of the country in
violation of the Section 12
(4)(f)(iii)
and
Section
12(4)(f)(ii) of the FCRA, the
government said the act also
amounted to violation of the
conditions of grant of
registration certificate.
Accordingly, the Central
government has suspended the
registration of the organisation,
including its branches and
units, under the FCRA, for six
months. The organisation can
make a representation in this
regard within 30 days. If
Greenpeace India fails to make
a satisfactory presentation to the
Union government in this
regard, its licence may be
cancelled permanently.
India Successfully Test
Fired Dhanush Missile
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National Issues
through
adjudication;
establishment of a Real Estate
Appellate Tribunal; offences
and penalties etc.
The Bill ensures mandatory
disclosure by promoters to
customers through registration
of real estate projects as well as
real estate agents with the Real
Estate Regulatory Authority. The
Bill aims at restoring confidence
of the general public in the real
estate sector; by instituting
transparency
and
accountability in real estate and
housing transactions. This in
turn will enable the sector to
access capital and financial
markets essential for its long term
growth. The Bill will promote
orderly growth through
consequent efficient project
execution, professionalism and
standardization.
The salient features
of the Bill are as under:
a. Applicability of the Bill: The
proposed initial Bill was applicable for residential real
estate. It is now proposed to
cover both residential and
commercial real estate;
b. Establishment of Real Estate
Regulatory Authority: Establishment of one or more Real
Estate Regulatory Authority
in each State/ Union Territory
(UT), or one Authority for two
or more States/UT, by the
Appropriate Government for
oversight of real estate transactions. To appoint one or
more adjudicating officers to
settle disputes and impose
compensation and interest;
c. Registration of Real Estate
Projects and Registration of
Real Estate Agents: Mandatory registration of real estate
projects and real estate
agents who intend to sell any
plot, apartment or building,
14
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
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National Issues
o. Bar of Jurisdiction Courts:
Provision for barring jurisdiction of court and any authority from entertaining complaints in respect of matters
covered under the Bill;
p. Power to make Rules and
Regulations: Appropriate
Government to have powers
to make rules over subjects
specified in the Bill; Regulatory Authority to have powers to make regulations;
Navy Launches Stealth
Destroyer INS Visakhapatnam
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National Issues
of Panchayat, the contestant
should have passed Class 5
from a school to become a
Sarpanch.
The provision of mandatory
functional toilet in the house
of a contestant also added in
the parent act by amending
section 19.
International Paralympic
Committee suspends PCI
International Paralympic
Committee has suspended
Indian Paralympic Committee
for indefinite period of time. The
IPC has taken this decision after
PCI had provided shoddy
treatment to athletes during the
National
Para-Athletics
Championships held in
Ghaziabad from March 20 to 22,
2015.
In a letter dated April 15, the
IPC said, the situation in the PCI
has been chaotic for several
years now, which is mostly due
to individual conflicts at the
national level between different
groups and persons.
Meanwhile the Union Sports
Ministry has also issued a show
cause notice over the alleged
poor conduct of the 15th
National para athletics
championship in Ghaziabad last
month.
The sports ministry said there
were various complaints
regarding the poor conduct of
the Ghaziabad meet, and the
Sports Authority of India (SAI)
found in its enquiry that besides
16
Consequent
upon
the
Government of India issuing an
advisory for Indian nationals to
leave Yemen, the Indian Navy
has deployed three ships in
support of the evacuation
operation. In a well coordinated
operation involving multiple
agencies, INS Sumitra, an
Offshore Patrol Vessel, which
has been deployed for antipiracy patrol in the Gulf of Aden
since 11 Mar 15 was the first to
undertake evacuation from
Yemen. The ship was redeployed off the Port of Aden
on 30 Mar 15 and, thereafter,
entered Aden Harbour in the
evening of 31 Mar 15. The ship
evacuated 349 Indians from
Aden and is currently on
passage to Djibouti. On
disembarkation of these
personnel at Djibouti, the ship
is scheduled to return to Aden
to undertake further evacuation,
if required.
IN Ships Mumbai and Tarkash
also sailed from Mumbai on 30
Mar 15. The ships will escort two
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OIL Commissions 54 MW
Commercial Wind Energy
Project in Gujarat & Madhya
Pradesh
Oil India Limited (OIL), Indias
second largest National
Exploration & Production
Company, has completed
another vital milestone in its
quest to becoming a
Sustainability driven Energy
Company, committed to
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National Issues
Public Private Partnership (PPP)
guidelines to enhance financial
support to projects in the
infrastructure sector.
Gujarat Government
Passes GUJCO Bill 2015
The Gujarat Government has
passed a stringent anti-terror Bill
retaining
controversial
provisions that had twice earlier
led to a previous such Bill being
rejected by the President.
18
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Delhi Governemnt Bans
All For Chewable Tobacco
Key Facts
The new arrangement would
cut down the delays in
preparation and delivery to
the beneficiaries.
As soon as an application for
providing food security is approved by the Food Supply
Officer concerned, a message will go to the cellphone
number of the beneficiary
informing him or her about
approval of application and
ration card.
The beneficiary can go to the
portal of the department,
http://nfs.delhi.gov.in, enter
the ration card number and
other basic information and
get a password on cellphone.
After entry of this password,
the e-ration card will be generated which can be stored
in the electronic form and
used to get the ration supplies. It can also be printed
by the beneficiary from anywhere.
Railway Ministry Constitutes a
Committee to Review PPP cell
in Railway
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National Issues
customer friendly and result
oriented. The Infrastructure
Directorate of Railway Board
will be the Nodal Directorate for
functioning of the Committee
and Executive Director/Traffic
(PPP) Railway Board will be the
Secretary to the Committee.
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National Issues
third Wednesday of every
month).
These issues can be viewed
by the Union Government
Secretaries and Chief Secretaries after entering into the
application;
User ID and Password for
each of the Union Government Secretaries and Chief
Secretaries have been created and made available;
Union Government Secretaries and Chief Secretaries will
be able to see the issues pertaining to their Department /
State;
Union Government Secretaries and Chief Secretaries
have to put their comments
and updates about the
flagged issues within three
days (i.e. by next Monday);
One day - Tuesday is available to the PMO team to review the data entered by the
Union Government Secretaries and Chief Secretaries;
The design is such, that when
PM reviews the issue he
should have on his screen the
issue as well as the latest updates and visuals regarding
the same;
The system has been designed
in-house by the PMO team with
the help of National Informatics
Center (NIC). As the name
suggests, it is aimed at starting a
culture
of
Pro-Active
Governance and Timely
Implementation. It is also a
robust system for bringing etransparency
and
eaccountability with real-time
presence and exchange among
the key stakeholders.
Union Government
Launches Twitter Samvad
The Union government
launched a new platform, in
association with Twitter, for
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21
National Issues
the procedure and safeguards
for blocking certain websites
and exemption from liability of
intermediaries in certain cases,
respectively.
About 66A of IT Act
66-A provides Punishment for
sending offensive messages
through
communication
service, etc. Any person who
sends, by means of a computer
resource or a communication
device,
(a) any information that is grossly
offensive or has menacing
character; or
(b) any information which he
knows to be false, but for the
purpose of causing annoyance, inconvenience, danger, obstruction, insult, injury,
criminal intimidation, enmity,
hatred or ill will, persistently
by making use of such 2 computer resource or a communication device; or
(c) any electronic mail or electronic mail message for the
purpose of causing annoyance or inconvenience or to
deceive or to mislead the
addressee or recipient about
the origin of such messages,
Asias Largest Tulip Garden
Thrown Open for Public
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be submitted by May 15 and
that on seed capital would be
given by June.
The capital would be
connected by radial roads and
will have satellite townships.
There would be a ring road,
railway connectivity and a new
airport. Inland waterways and
growth corridors would be
developed around the capital
and its region.
The state cabinet has inprinciple accepted the broad
details of master plan for capital
city and capital region and any
new ideas would be
incorporated. Naidu thanked
the farmers and land owners in
the proposed capital region
who have handed over about
33,000 acres of land.
The cabinet meeting also
approved the states industrial
policy which would be in force
from 2015 to 2020. A sectoral
policy
for
textiles,
biotechnology an automobile
has also been announced.
Single desk clearance, 24x7
power supply, tax exemptions,
forming a land bank of 15-20
lakh acres, skill development for
local residents and emphasis on
promoting SC, ST, BC and
women entrepreneurs are some
of the main features of the
policies.
About Amaravathi
Amaravathi town is located in
Guntur district and the same
name is being adopted for the
capital in view of its historical,
spiritual and mythological
significance, Naidu told
reporters tonight. It is the city
of Lord Indra, the king of the
gods, the chief minister said
referring to mythology.
Amaravathi, located on the
National Water
Development Agency
National Water Development
Agency (NWDA) was set up in
July, 1982 as Autonomous
Society under the Societies
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National Issues
Registration Act, 1860, to carry
out the water balance and other
studies on a scientific and
realistic basis for optimum
utilisation of Water Resources of
the Peninsular rivers system for
preparation of feasibility reports
and thus to give concrete shape
to
Peninsular
Rivers
Development Component of
National Perspective. In 1990,
NWDA was also entrusted with
the task of Himalayan Rivers
Development Component of
National Perspectives. Recently,
the functions of NWDA have
been further modified and the
work of preparation of detailed
Project Reports (DPR) of various
link proposals and Pre-feasibility
Reports and feasibility reports
of intra-State links as proposed
by the States have been
24
c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
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International Issues
INTERNATIONAL ISSUES
China Releases
Details of Silk Road Plans
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25
International Issues
longstanding ties to Saudi
Arabia, was examining a request
from Riyadh to join the coalition.
The security situation in Yemen
deteriorated after the Shia
Houthis rebels had seized
power by dissolving Yemens
government and parliament in
January 2015. Since then rebels
had taken control of key
government buildings in capital
Sanaa including Presidential
Palace. They also had taken
control and seized city of Taiz,
third largest city of Yemen.
Pakistan and Russia to Hold
Joint Military Exercise
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International Issues
(India, Indonesia, Jordan,
Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and
United Arab Emirates), Latin
America (Argentina, Brazil and
Colombia) and Oceania (New
Zealand and Australia).
The group would meet once a
year at the ministerial level on
the margins of the General
Assembly and every two
months at the level of
permanent representatives, the
report said.
The group aims to advance
initiatives in the framework of
the UN, organize events, round
tables and seminars on various
aspects of the problem of
terrorism and initiate interaction
with civil society, academia and
think tanks, he was quoted as
saying in the report.
Key Facts about Group of
Friends Against Terrorism
Group of Friends Against Terrorism is an United Nations
initiative launched to combat
terrorism. Created at the initiative of Morocco, the group
consists of thirty countries, including the five permanent
members of the UN Security
Council. Group of Friends
Against Terrorism will aim,
among others, to create synergies between all initiative
implemented within the UN,
promoting international cooperation in combating terrorism, share and exchange
good practices in the fight
against this scourge that
threatens international
peace and security. India is
one of the members of the
group.
Palestinian Becomes 123
Member of International
Criminal Court
The Palestinian Authority
completed its journey to formal
membership of international
criminal court following a lowkey ceremony at the Hague
headquarters of the global
institution of last resort. The
move could open the way for
Israelis to be prosecuted for war
crimes - despite Israel not being
a member - and it also allows
the prosecution of Palestinian
militants, including those from
Hamas, who now fall under the
courts jurisdiction.
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International Issues
for the former Yugoslavia and
for Rwanda were the result of
consensus that impunity is
unacceptable. However,
because they were established
to try crimes committed only
within a specific time-frame and
during a specific conflict, there
was general agreement that an
independent, permanent
criminal court was needed.
On 17 July 1998, the
international community
reached an historic milestone
when 120 States adopted the
Rome Statute, the legal basis for
establishing the permanent
International Criminal Court.
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International Issues
a mobile and stationary
positions.
The announcement of the latest
tests, coincided with the visit of
John Boehner, speaker of the US
House of Representatives, to
Israel. It also coincides with the
timing of tense international
negotiations on Irans nuclear
issue, as the talks are extended
for another day.
Israel which sees Irans peaceful
nuclear program as covert
means for Tehran to obtain
nuclear weapons, have
persistently urged the
international community and P5
+1 not to strike a deal with
Tehran.
UNCTAD Report
on e-Commerce Biz
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29
International Issues
ture phones, and many gateways have emerged that can
facilitate payment for e-commerce via mobile phones.
At the same time, asymmetric access to major market
places and e-commerce platforms may accentuate existing imbalances in e-commerce trade. Merchants in
many developing countries
do not enjoy equal access to
these market places. Data
from the Universal Postal
Union on cross-border postal
traffic of small packets, parcels and packages also show
that while developed countries, and Asia and Oceania,
30
ture, logistics and trade facilitation, the legal and regulatory environment (UNCTAD/
PRESS/PR/2015/4), e-payments, and platform and skills
development in combination
with an enabling international
environment.
International dialogue and
cooperation are also crucial
to promote the smooth exchange of e commerce while
at the same time spreading
benefits of e-commerce
more widely. Special attention may need to be given to
international trade rules, taxation and capacity-building.
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. .
. (
2014
-1
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. .
. (
2014
-2
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Public Administration
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Essay Writing
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History
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Philosophy
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General Studies
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(
-1)
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announcements signed/agreed
during Modis visit:
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31
education establishment of
training for curators and
restorers in the field of heritage
in France, as well as
Development of cultural and
scientific cooperation in the
fields of conservation and
restoration of the heritage, short
duration training sessions in
India by INP trainers in Indian
institutes and training of French
training in India etc.
11. Letter of Intent on Tourism: LoI
for increasing cooperation in
tourism sector signed between
India and France aims to
promote sustainable bilateral
tourism between the two
countries including through
mutual promotion of tourism,
ensuring safety of tourists and
encouraging sharing of
expertise and best practices.
The LoI also seeks to facilitate
twinning of sites having
historical, natural and cultural
significance in India and France
for promoting them as tourist
destinations.
12. Letter of Intent (LoI) between
the Archaeological Survey of
India (ASI) and National
Institute of Preventive
Archaeological Research
(INRAP): The LoI envisages
collaboration on preventive
archaeology projects, initiatives
to disseminate culture and
promote archaeology, training
programmes for specialists of
ASI and deployment of
expertise, in particular, in the
field
of
underwater
archaeology.
13. MOU between School of
Planning and Architecture,
Delhi and National Architecture
Institute: The MoU envisages
cooperation to undertake joint
planning and geographical
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14.
15.
16.
17.
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36
at barrage site
(between
Dam &
barrage)
Total catchment : 30,030 km2
Mean Annual
: 570 mm
Rainfall
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General Studies (Paper I, II, III & IV) Online 100 % Reading Material of the
Syllabus (Which can be saved easily)
It is full of tips on areas of emphasis, caution while reading and writing , how to
write the answer (?) .
Model Test Question Paper for General Studies - I, II, III and IV for Mains Exam
2015
Online and Telephonic interaction with the course director, and continuous
evaluation through a regular online writing session in every chapter and topic.
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Economy
ECONOMY
BHEL & INTMA Ink MoU to set
Up Power Plant in Kazakhstan
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37
Economy
financing practices to
ward off over indebtedness and ensure proper
client protection principles and methods of recovery
Development
of
standardised set of covenants governing last mile
lending to micro enterprises
Promoting right technology solutions for the last
mile
Formulating and running
a Credit Guarantee
scheme for providing
guarantees to the loans/
portfolios which are being extended to micro
enterprises
Support development &
promotional activities in
the sector
Creating a good architecture of Last Mile Credit
Delivery to micro businesses under the scheme
of Pradhan Mantri MUDRA
Yojana
MUDRA Bank will provide
financing on three stagesShishu, Kishore and Tarun
Shishu: This will be the
first step when the business is just starting up. The
loan cover in this stage will
be upto Rs 50,000.
Kishor: In this stage, the
entreprenuer will be eligible for a loan ranging
from Rs 50,000 to Rs 5
lakh.
Tarun: This last and final
category will provide
loans for upto Rs 10 lakh.
Dena Bank & LIC sign MoU to
Provide Insurance Cover
State-run lender Dena Bank has
signed an agreement with LIC to
38
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Economy
Director of Au Financiers
(India), an NBFC from
Rajasthan.
There are some 12,000 NBFCs
registered with the RBI, and they
largely offer loans. Some, like
traditional banks, also take
deposits.
The RBI also said in its circular
that the source of funds behind
new investors in any NBFC will
have to be disclosed. It also
asked for an undertaking that
the new proposed investors are
not associated with any existing
but unregistered body that
accepts public deposits.
NBFCs play a critical role in
extending credit to areas
where traditional finance
cannot reach in a country where
only just over half of the
population has access to the
mainstream banking system.
However, controlling these
NBFCs has been made a key
priority for the RBI, given their
size and reach.
India to Surpass Chinas
Economic Growth in 2015-16:
IMF
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Economy
2857.83 crore rupees. These FDI
proposals were approved by the
Foreign Investment Promotion Board
(FIPB).
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Economy
would be submitted to the Cabinet
Committee on Economic Affairs for
decision.
RuPay Card Holders of
all PSBs Enable on eComm
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Economy
The facility is available to all
South Asian Association for
Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
member countries. Besides
All 56 Regional Rural Bank (RRBs) on RuPay Card & NACH System
About NPCI
National Payments Corporation
of India (NPCI), which has been
set up in 2009 as the central
infrastructure for various retail
payment systems in India, was
envisaged by the Reserve Bank
of India as the payment utility
for all banks in the country.
During the last five years, the
organization has grown multifold from 2 million transactions
a day to 15 million transactions
now. From a single service of
switching of inter-bank ATM
transactions, the range of
services have grown to Cheque
Clearing, Immediate Payments
Service money transfer (24x7),
Automated Clearing House,
Electronic Benefit Transfer and
a domestic card payment
network named RuPay to
provide an alternative to
international card schemes.
IRCTC launches RuPay
Prepaid Debit Card Service
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Economy
available from UBI offices or
through IRCTC online. Initially
the service will be available for
booking tickets and later on
shopping and bill payments will
be added.
Key Facts
One can have the card with a
loading limit of Rs.10,000 with
partial KYC detail or Rs.50,000
loading limit with full KYC.
The first five transactions per
card every month done on
IRCTC for purchase of train
tickets would be free and no
transaction charges would be
levied to customers for six
months only. For every
subsequent transaction post
the free usage, customer would
be charged Rs.10 per
transaction.
The transaction charge would
be Rs.10 per ticket for booking
a ticket through the card on the
portal.
SEBI Set Norms to Govern
International Financial Market
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Economy
and safety standards are other
major benefits of Mega Food
Parks.
Total 42 Mega Food Parks have
been sanctioned by the
Government for setting-up in
the country. Currently, 25
projects
are
under
implementation, Expression of
Interest (EoI) was invited on all
India basis on 10.02.2014 with
the last date of 31.07.2014 to
fill up vacancies. Ministry
received 72 proposals and after
going through a stringent and
transparent process of scrutiny,
17 suitable proposals from 11
States of the country have been
44
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Our Objectives:
Secondly to compile all the required study materials in a single place, So to save the precious time of
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spiders
Union Government
Give its nod to build AWACS
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Indian History
Indian Polity
Indian Economy
Geography
General Science
Environment
General Knowledge
MCQ For Practice
SPORTS
Australia Wins
ICC World Cup 2015
The
top-seeded
pair
overwhelmed Casey Dellacqua
and Darija Jurak in the lopsided final of the $731,000 clay
court event. Sania took 470
points from the win to take her
tally to 7965 as she jumped past
Italys Sara Errani (7640) and
Roberta Vinci (7640) to sit atop
the ranking table.
Before Sania, only Leander Paes
and Mahesh Bhuapthi had
achieved the top rank when
they dominated mens doubles
circuit in the late 90s.
Sania is also first female player
from the country to win Grand
Slam tournaments. It is Sanias
third successive title win with
Hingis and they have not lost as
a single match since joining
forces in March. They won
trophy in Indian Wells, which
was their first tournament
together and followed up that
with win in Miami.
Lewis Hamilton Wins Bahrain
Grand Prix of Formula One
Mercedes Formula 1 driver
Lewis Hamilton from Britain
won Bahrain Grand Prix of
Formula One on the the Sakhir
Grand Prix Circuit. This was his
third win of the season and his
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Sports
second Bahrain Grand Prix win.
It was also Lewis Hamiltons
overall 36th Grand Prix win. In
Bahrain Grand Prix, Hamilton
was followed by Ferrari F1
driver Sebastian Vettel of
Germany to the second
position.
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Sports
by 7-6 (7-3) 4-6 6-0 score. This
was Djokovics fifth Miami
Open trophy.
Womens singles Title: World
No. 1 and American ace tennis
player Serena Williams has won
the 2015 Miami Open Womens
singles Title. In the final match
she defeated Spains Carla
Surez Navarro by 6-2, 6-0
score.
Mens doubles Title: American
Bob Bryan and Mike Bryan pair
has won the 2015 Miami Open
Mens doubles Title. In the final
match they defeated Vasek
Pospisil (Canada) and Jack
Sock (US) pair by 63, 16, 10
8 score.
Womens doubles Title: Indias
Sania Mirza and Switzerlands
Martina Hingis pair has won
2015 Miami Open Womens
doubles Title. In the final match
they defeated Russian pair of
Ekaterina Makarova and Elena
Vesnina by 75, 61 score.
NZ Cricketer Retires
from International Cricket
New Zealand cricketer Kyle
Mills on 1 April 2014
announced retirement from
international cricket. He made
this announcement after New
Zealand lost to Australia in ICC
World Cup 2015 final. Kyle Mills
52
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53
international titles.
Afreen Racheal Vaz was
adjudged first runner-up while
Vartika Singh second runner up
at the grand finale of 52nd year
of fbb Femina Miss India, which
took place on late Saturday
night.
About Femina Miss India
Femina Miss India is a national beauty pageant in
India that annually selects
three winners to compete
globally. The winner of
Femina Miss India World
vies in Miss World, Femina
Miss India Earth winner
competes in Miss Earth,
and the third winner,
Femina Miss India International goes to compete in
Miss International.
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The
Tyler
Prize
for
Environmental Achievement
Executive Committee named
the
Honorable
Jane
Lubchenco, PhD, of Oregon
State University, and Madhav
Gadgil, PhD, of Goa University,
as the recipients of the 2015
Tyler Prize for their leadership
and engagement in the
development of conservation
and sustainability policies in the
United States, India and
internationally.
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Medium: English
Publisher: IASEXAMPORTAL.COM
Gist of Yojana
Gist of Kurukshetra
In the News
IN THE NEWS
Azhar Ali
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In The News
declared persona non grata by
Israel after publishing a prose
poem, What Must Be Said, in
which he criticized what he
described as Western
hypocrisy over Israels nuclear
program and labelled the
country a threat to already
fragile world peace over its
belligerent stance on Iran.
Shamina Singh
Yuki Bhambri
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In the News
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In The News
Priyadarshi to head a new
investigating team to further
probe the IPL-6 spot-fixing and
betting scandal.
Priyadarshi, currently a
superintendent of police in the
anti-corruption cell of the
agency, will replace 1983batch Assam-Meghalaya cadre
IPS officer BB Mishra as the
head of the probe team
following his retirement.
Jamal Benomar
United Nation (UN) peace
envoy to Yemen, Jamal
Benomar has resigned, after
losing support from Gulf
countries for his mission in the
conflict-riven nation. His
resignation comes after UN
Security Council adopted a
resolution calling for the swift
resumption of peace talks and
an end to violence in Yemen
on 14 April 2015. The adopted
resolution adopted calls on the
Huthis to withdraw from Sanaa
and all other areas they have
seized.
Surinder Pal Singh Cheema
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A Persian hand
shake with promise
The signing of the Joint
Comprehensive Plan of Action
regarding Irans Nuclear Programme
last week, between Iran and P5+1, is
the first definitive step on a road that
will be long and tortuous but carries
profound implications for the West
Asian region as a whole. It initiates a
thaw in regional political equations
that have remained frozen since the
1979 Islamic Revolution when
relations between the United States
and Iran ruptured. During the last 18
months, it had become clear that
within the P5+1, the principal
negotiator was the U.S. and it
sometimes faced difficulties in
keeping its Western partners in line.
In 2003-04, the E-3 (the United
Kingdom, France and Germany) had
come close to a deal that would have
constrained
Irans
nuclear
programme earlier, but it could not
materialise because the U.S. was not
at the table. Both Saudi Arabia and
Israel, key U.S. allies in the region are
upset and tried to scuttle the deal,
but the Obama administration was
resolute in pursuing the negotiations.
On March 3, Israeli Prime Minister
Benjamin Netanyahu addressed the
U.S. Congress in an unprecedented
example of political theatre to
criticise the deal even as he faced an
uncertain re-election in his country a
fortnight later.
The U.S. kept the Saudi
leadership briefed about the
negotiations
but
Saudi
apprehensions remain. Hints have
been dropped that Saudi Arabia
and possibly other Sunni majority
states such as Egypt and Turkey
will demand the same rights of
accessing and retaining uranium
enrichment technology as provided
to Iran, a suggestion that makes the
Western non-proliferation lobby
highly nervous. It is no secret that the
Pakistani nuclear programme was
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You will be provided current affairs on various important topics on a weekly basis.
Important national and international news from various sources at a single platform for your
convenience.
Each and every topic will be given point wise , making it easier to grasp.
Very handy when it comes to various competitive exams..
VARIOUS CATEGORIES:
Planning Commission
Ministry of External Affairs
National Portal of India
National
International
Economy
India And The World
Sports
In The News
Science and Technology
Burning Issues (Editorials From Different Newspapers)
Make in India
MAKE IN INDIA
Manufacturing in India
accounts for around 16 percent of
GDP, which is persistent since 1990s
and is relatively low when compared
to the 20-percent plus share in
countries like Brazil, China,
Indonesia, Korea and Malaysia. The
manufacturing sector is critical for the
economys growth as it employs 12.0
per cent of the countrys labour force
as well as provides a transitional
opportunity to the labour force in
agriculture. In addition, the sector
has a multiplier effect for job creation
in the services sector. According to
National Manufacturing Policy (NMP)
2011, every job created in the
manufacturing sector creates twothree additional jobs in related
activities. The NMP provides for
promotion of clusters and
aggregation, especially through the
creation of national investment and
manufacturing zones (NIMZ). Till
2013-14, 16 NIMZs had been
announced. Of these, eight are along
the Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor
(DMIC). Eight other NIMZs have been
given in-principle approval: (i)
Nagpur in Maharashtra, (ii) Chittoor
in Andhra Pradesh, (iii) Medak in
86
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Make in India
FDI has been opened up for
new sectors like Defence
production,Insurance, Medical
Devices, and Construction
and Railway infrastructure in a
big way.
In order to partner with industry
in economic development of
the country Government shall
act as a facilitator and not a
regulator.
There are twenty five sectors
that have been included in the Make
in India programme, important
among those are:
Auto Components;
Automobiles;
Aviation;
Biotechnology;
Construction;
Defence Manufacturing;
Food Processing;
IT and BPM;
Mining;
Oil and Gas;
Ports;
Railways;
Roads and Highways;
Renewable Energy;
Thermal Power.
Along with make in India policy
GOI is also taking lot of other
initiatives to boost the economy and
particularly manufacturing sector.
These initiatives include integration
ofservices with online single window
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Make in India
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Make in India
Founding Members (PFM). Hong
Kong joins the delegation of China
in the negotiations. Other countries
are also considering joining the AIIB
such as Belgium, Canada, Czech
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89
(
1)
http://iasexamportal.com/civilservices/courses/ias-pre/csat-paper-1-hindi
(CSAT)
(
- 2)
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Shailodbhava
In the mid-seventh century Orissa
was ruled by Sainyabhita
Madhavavarman (also called
Srinivasa), a powerful king of the
Shailodbhava dynasty who
performed the asvamedha
sacrifice.
Though the family went into
decline after him, Shailodbhava
rule continued till the mid-eighth
century.
Kesaris and Gangas
Of
the
dynasties
that
subsequently ruled over parts of
Orissa were the Kesaris of
Bhuvaneshwar and the Eastern
Gangas of Kalinganagara. The
former were followers of Shiva and
built magnificent temples at
Bhuvaneshwar. including the
famous Lingaraja temple.
The Eastern Gangas who had
established themselves in
Kalinga, were originally-a branch
of the Gangas of Mysore. They
had their main capital at
Kalinganagara (Ganjam district),
with a subsidiary one at Dantapura
(Palur).
Their charters begin with homage
to Gokarnesvara Shiva on
Mahendra Mountain.
In the eleventh century. another
Ganga family came into
prominence in the region. It was
called the Later Eastern Gangas
90
MEDIEVAL
INDIA
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91
Feudalism
Marxists envisaged feudal
formation in India in two stages:
feudalism from above and
feudalism from below. The first
stage was the primary phase with
direct relationship between an
overlord and his tributary/
autonomous vassals without the
prevalence of an intermediary
land-owning class. The second
stage was a more complex later
phase witnessing the rise of rural
land-owners as powerful
intermediaries between the ruler
and the peasantry. The second
phase from the 4th to the 17th
century, according to them, saw
the rise of the samantas as the
feudatories
leading
to
administrative decentralization
and the conversion of communal
property into feudal property.
Chalukyas of Kalyani
The Rashtrakutas of the Deccan
made way for the Chalukyas. Also
known as the Western Chalukyas,
the new ruling house set up its
capital at Kalyani (Karnataka).
The founder of the dynasty, Taila
II (A.D. 973-997) made extensive
conquests and defeated a number
of neighbouring powers.
Somesvara Is accession ushered
in a brilliant period in their history.
He transferred the capital from
Manyakheta to Kalyani.
Though Somesvara III was a weak
92
Eastern Chalukyas
Vishnuvardhana was the founder
of a dynasty known as the
Chalukyas of Vengi.
Vijayaditya Gunaga defeated the
Rashtrakutas and proclaimed
himself the lord of the entire
Dakshinapatha.
Chola king, Rajaraja I, helped the
Chalukya prince Saktivarman I to
capture the throne from Jata
Choda, an usurper.
Saktivarmans son, Vimaladitya,
married Kundavai, the daughter of
Rajaraja Chola I.
The process of Chola-Chalukya
matrimonial alliance ultimately
ended in the merger of the two
dynasties under Kulottunga I.
Kakatiyas of Warangal
The Kakatiyas were an old family
of Telengana who had served as
feudatories of the Western
Chalukyas in the early eleventh
century.
Their earliest known chief, Beta I,
availed of the confusion caused
by the invasion of Rajendra Chola
and carved out a small kingdom
in the Nalgonda district
(Hyderabad).
Among the prominent rulers of
this dynasty was Ganapati, who
ruled for more than sixty years and
brought the entire Teluguspeaking area under his way.
He erected an efficient
administrative machinery and took
steps to improve trade and
agriculture. .
He completed the construction of
the city of Warangal and shifted
his capital there.
He was succeeded by his
daughter Rudramadevi, who
assumed the name of Rudradeva
Maharaja, and ruled for almost
thirty-five years (1261-1295).
Like her father, she was a patron
of the Pasupata Saiva monasteries
established by her fathers
preceptor, Viveshvara Sambhu.
She was succeeded by her
grandson, Pratap Rudra (12951323), who was to be the last king
of this dynasty.
Yadavas of Devagiri
Seunachandra secured feudatory
status for his family from the
Rashtrakutas. Hence the territory
ruled by the Yadavas came to be
known as Seuna-desa.
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Pandyas
Despite being defeated by a
number of Chola kings, the
Pandyas managed to begin a
process of recovery under
Jatavarman Kulasekhara. The
second Pandya empire appears to
have been inaugurated by his
brother Maravarman Sundara
Pandya.
Among the greatest rulers of this
dynasty was Jatavarman Sundara
Pandya I (1251-1268). He
vanquished the Cheras, Hoysalas
and Cholas. besides conquering
northern Sri Lanka.
Other important rulers include
Jatavarman Vira Pandya (12531275)
and
Maravarman
Kulasekhara. During the latters
reign, the Pandyas also
subjugated Sri Lanka.
Marco Polo, who visited the
Pandyan kingdom around A.D.
1293, has left a vivid account of
the splendour of the kingdom. He
wrote, The great, province of
Mabar.... is best of all the
Indies...
A succession dispute between
two Pandyan princes. Sundara
and Vira Pandya, provided the
Khilji forces an opportunity to
invade the kingdom in 1310.
ADVENT
OF
ISLAM
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93
Caliphs
After the death of Muhammad in
A.D. 632. the leadership of the
Muslim community devolved in
succession, on the four
Patriarchal Caliphs (A.D. 633-61),
all close companions of the
Prophet.
The first major schism within
Islam developed in this period
over the question of the rightful
claimant to the leadership of the
community. The Prophets son-inlaw, Ali, was regarded by some as
the lawful immediate successor,
but could prevail only after Abu
Bakr, Umar and Uthman.
Ali was subsequently murdered,
and his family members and
followers perished in the battle of
Karbala. Alis followers are called
Shia, is, while Muslims who
accept the correctness of the
order of succession and
constitute the majority, are known
as Sunnis.
The Arabs dominated the
Umayyad Caliphate (A.D. 661750) that succeeded the
Patriarchal Caliphs. It was
followed by the Abbasid
Caliphate (750-1258). under which
a new class of specially trained
white slaves, the Mamluks (mostly
Central Asians Turks), came to
dominate the polity.
First Successful Invasion
(Arab Invasion)
It was only in A.D. 712, after over
seven decades of dogged
resistance, that the Arabs under
Muhammad Bin Qasim finally
succeeded in establishing their
rule in Sind.
In 711 an Arab general named
Muhammad Qasim conquered
Sind, which became part of the
Caliphs
domain.
Later.
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96
OBJECTIVE
1. The new socio-economic system
that emerged in Western Europe
after the breakup of the Roman
Empire was
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
QUESTIONS
2. India, during the early medieval
period was not characterised by
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Serfdom
Intermediaries
Paucity of coins
Manor system
Codes:
(a) 1 and 2
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(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3
(d) 1 and 4
Bhagavad Gita
Abhijnana Shakuntalam
Panchatantra
Meghadutam
Yashodharman
Yasovar man
Yasovardhan
Yashpala
6. Vakpatis
famous
poem
Gaudavaho: (Saying of the King
of Gauda) was written in which
language?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Sanskrit
Ardha-magadhi
Pali
Prakrit
Devapala
Narayanpala
Dharmapala
Madanpala
8. Sankaracharya established
spiritual centres at
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
Badrinath
Puri
Mathura
Dwarka
Ujjain
Sringeri
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
1,
2,
1,
1,
2,
3,
3,
2,
3
4
5
4
and
and
and
and
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Adi
Shanti
Sabha
Bhagavad Gita
Codes:
(a) 1 and 2
(c) 1 and 3
(d) 2 and 4
(b) 4 only
I-tsing
Marco Polo
Fa-Hien
Hieun-tsang
Appar
Shekkilar
Sambandar
Manikkavasagar
Codes:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
1, 2 and 3
2, 3 and 4
1, 3 and 4
l, 2 and 4
Hasan Nizami
Minhaj Siraj
Ziauddin Barani
Afif
Codes:
4
5
6
6
(a) Dhruva
(b) Gopal III
(c) Indra III (d) Krishna I
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Isami
Afif
Hasan Nizami
Barani
(a) Al-Juzr
(b) Ruhma
(c) Gaur
(a) 100
(c) 500
(d) Al-Hind
(b) 200
(d) 1000
Mahendrapala I
Bhoja
Mahipala
Nagabhatta II
Dantidurga
Govinda III
Krishna III
Dhruv
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97
Pratiharas
Cholas
Palas
Rashtrakutas
Dharmashastra
Vedas
Arthashastra
Upanishads
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Palas
Rashtrakutas
Pratiharas
Chauhans
Tanjore
Rameshwaram
Vengi
Kanchi
Vijaychandra
Jaichandra
Harishchandra
Chandradeva
36. The
Chandellas
became
independent
from
the
Gurjaia-Pratiharas under
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Dhanga
Nannuka
Yasovar man
Ganda
Pratihara ruler
Paramara ruler
Solanki ruler
Chauhan ruler
Vakpati Munja
Bhoja
Harsha Siyaka
Govinda
Munja
Govinda
Harsha
Bhoja
Jaichandra
Bhoja Paramara
Mihir Bhoja
Prithviraj Chauhan
Arnoraja
Vighraraja
Prithyiraj III
Ajayraja
Prithviraj II
Vigraharaja IVVisaladeva
Arnoraja
Prithviraj III
Lalitvigraharaja
Karpuramanjari
Gathasaptsati
Pavandutam
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Bhima I
Bhima II
Jayasimha Siddharaja
Kumarapala
Bhima II
Kumarapala
Jayasimha
Karna
Surya
Chandra
Vastupala
Jayank
(b) Lohara
(d) Karkota
Radha
Gaur
Nadia
Sonargaon
(b) Radha
(d) Gaur
Kesari
Eastern Ganga
Later Eastern Ganga
Shailodhbhava
Kesari
Eastern Ganga
Later Eastern Ganga
Shailodhbhava
Anantavarman Choda
Narasimha I
Narasimha II
Kapilendra
Suryavamsis
Ahoms
Gajapatis
Wester n Ganeas
Sri Lanka
Maldive Islands
Coromandal coast
Malabar
Codes:
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1, 2 and 3
(c) 2, 3 and 4
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
dynasty?
(a) For conquest
(b) To teach a lesson
(c) To expand trade with
China
(d) For the spread of
Buddhism
63. Which
foreign
traveller
commented that in Kerala, all
soldiers in the bodyguard burnt
themselves in the funeral pyre of
the monarch when he died?
(a) Ibn Battuta(b) Al-Biruni
(c) Marco Polo(d) Sulaiman
Three diamonds
Three jewels
Three stars
Three gems
Java Simha I
Vikramaditya VI
Taila II
Satyasraya
Rajaraja
Parantaka I
Rajendra
Virarajendra
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(b) Kamboja
(d) Sumatra
Chidambaram
Rajarajeshvara
Choleshvara
Hoyshalesvara
Ibn Battuta
Marco Polo
Sulaiman
Al-Masudi
Qandahar
Khorasan
Kabul
Samarqand
Qutbuddin Aibak
Yalduz
Bakhtiyar Khilji
Qubacha
(b) Ahoms
(d) Kamatas
Subuktgin
Alaptgin
Mahmud of Ghazni
Muhammad Ghori
Qubacha
Bakhtiyar Khilji
Yalduz
Qutbuddin Aibak
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no exception?
Narada
Katyayana
Gautam
Parasara
Sulaiman
Al-Masudi
Ibn-Battuta
Al-Beruni
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Chau Ju Kua
Al-Masudi
Sulaiman
Marco Polo
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Only Tamil
Tamil and Kannada
Kannada and Telugu
Tamil and Telugu
Brahmins
Rajputs
Vaishyas
Kayasthas
ANSWERS
1. (d)
11. (a)
21. (a)
31. (d)
41. (d)
51. (a)
61. (c)
71. (d)
81. (a)
91. (d)
2. (d)
12. (c)
22. (c)
32. (b)
42. (b)
52. (d)
62. (c)
72. (b)
82. (a)
92. (c)
3. (c)
13. (b)
23. (b)
33. (b)
43. (d)
53. (c)
63.(*)
73. (b)
83. (a)
93. (d)
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4. (c)
14. (d)
24. (b)
34. (b)
44. (b)
54. (a)
64. (c)
74. (a)
84. (c)
94. (a)
5. (b)
15. (a)
25. (a)
35. (b)
45. (a)
55. (c)
65. (d)
75. (a)
85. (c)
95. (d)
6. (d)
16. (b)
26. (a)
36. (c)
46. (d)
56. (d)
66. (b)
76. (b)
86. (b)
96. (a)
7. (c)
17. (b)
27. (a)
37. (a)
47. (a)
57. (b)
67. (c)
77. (b)
87. (a)
97. (d)
8. (d)
18. (d)
28. (c)
38. (a)
48. (a)
58. (a)
68. (d)
78. (d)
88. (a)
98. (b)
9. (c)
19. (a)
29. (d)
39. (b)
49. (a)
59. (c)
69. (b)
79. (a)
89. (b)
10. (c)
20. (b)
30. (a)
40. (a)
50. (a)
60. (d)
70. (d)
80. (c)
90. (c)
101
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o
MOCK PAPER
For CSAT Paper-II
Preliminary Examination 2015
Direction: Instruction for questionread the following passage and
answer the questions that follow.
Your answers to the questions should
be based on the passage only.
Passage 1
As soon as I saw the elephant I
knew with perfect certainty that I
ought not to shoot him. It is serious
matter to shoot a working elephantit is comparable to destroying a huge
and costly price of machinery- and
obviously one ought not to do it if it
can possibly be avoided. And at the
distance , peacefully eating, the
elephant looked no more dangerous
that a cow.
1. The elephant looked no more
dangerous than a cow
because.
(a) Cows can be dangerous
at times
(b) It was quietly doing its
work
(c) It tusks resemble the
cows horns
(d) Unlike lions, it is a
vegetarian animal
2. The writer was against
102
Passage 2
Shaken by the resolve shown buy
the hazara Shia community of Quetta
who have been picketing out in subzero temperature and rain for justicePakistan broke out in protest against
the states silence on unrelenting
terrorism .
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Passage 3
For achieving inclusive growth there
is a critical need to rethink the role
of the state. The early debate among
economist about the size of the
government can be misleading. The
need of the hour is to have an
enabling government. India is too
large and complier and nation for the
state to be able to deliver all that is
need. Asking the government to
produce all the essential goods,
create all the necessary jobs, and
keep a curb on the prices of all goods
is to lead to a large cumbersome
bureaucracy and widespread
computation, the aim must be to stay
with the objective of inclusive
growth hat was laid down by the
founding fathers of the nations and
also to take a more modern view of
what the state can realistically
deliver.
This is what leads to the idea of an
enabling sate, that is a government
that does not try to directly deliver
to the citizen everything that they
need. Instead it
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103
Passage 4
The concept of creative society
refers to a phase of development of
a society in which a large number
of potential contradiction become
articulate and active. This is most
evident which oppressed social
groups get politically mobilized and
demand their rights. The upsurge of
the peasants and tribal, the
movement for regional autonomy
and self-determination, the
environmental movement, and the
womens movement in the
developing countries are signs of
emergence of creative society in
contemporary times.
The forms of social movement and
their intensity may vary from
country to country and place to
place within to country and place to
place within a country. But they
very presence of movement for
social transformation in various
shapes of a society indicates the
emergence of a creative society in a
country.
12. What does the author imply
by creative society?
104
potential contradictions
and conflicts
Which of the statements
given above is the correct
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 not 2
Passage 5
Third World is not a term much
used today. Most developing
countries, as they were once
euphemistically know, really are
now developing- and doing so fast,
so it is not surprising their disease
patterns are changing too, just as
happened in the rich world. Deaths
from infections disease are down .
Rates of non-transmissible
illness often chrome and frequently
the result of obesity are rising the
panjandrums of global health are
struggling to keep up.
15. In the passage above the
word panjandrums refers
too
(a) Importance of global
health
(b) Weakness of global health
(c) None of these
(d) A & B
16. The author used the term
third world for
(a) Developing countries of
Asia, Africa and Latin
America.
(b) All developing countries
(c) Can not be determined
(d) None of these
Passage 6
Bribery is voluntary. The bribe grew
chooses to give money or favors to
influence a choice, steal a march
over rival, or hasten ( sometimes
delay) a decision. Bribery harms the
economy and society cumulatively
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Passage 7
Religion and culture play an
important role in social cohesion.
The religious attitude of tolerance
and peace and culture values of
pluralism and conducive to good
governance. And yet there is no
casual relationship between religion
and democracy. For democracy does
not belong to any faith, equally, no
particular faith is synonymous with
democracy. Indian democracy is a
product of freedom movement
which gave primary to values of
pluralism and equal treatment to
people of different faiths and ethnic
backgrounds. The constitution
guarantees, the judiciary upholds it
and the leader ship believes in this
values system.
19. What does the term social
cohesion refers to
(a) Brining people together
in a specific society
Passage 8
Democracy is at the heart of
governance in India. However, in its
working, democracy has revealed
several inadequacies. The chain of
Passage 9
Mycorrhizal fungi infect more plants
that do any other fungi and are
necessary for many plant to thrive,
but they have escaped widespread
investigation until recently for two
reasons. First, the symbiotic
association is so well-balanced that
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105
Passage 10
In older times, the pleasures demand
intelligence and personal initiative,
now a days, we have vast companies
that provide as with readymade
distractions, which demands from
audience, no personal participation
and no intellectual effort of any sort.
To the interminable democracies of
the world, a million enemas bring
the same state balderdash. There are
always been fourth-rate writers and
drama writers; whose work are not
been appreciated. Today, the
inventions of the scenario-writer go
out from Los Angles across the
whole would countless audiences
soak passively in the tepid bath of
nonsense. No mental effort is
demanded of them.
26. According to the passage, the
modern audience
(a) Is cosmopolitan in its
outlook
(b) Is very discriminating
(c) Looks individual initiative
and refuses to exercise
the mind
(d) None
106
Passage 11
Employees therein decide their own
working hours set quotas for their
production, improve products and
process, are responsible for their
own quality and for approval of a
leadership appointment. Everyone
has the right to vote on major
companys decision and split the
profit. As Vimal gains confidence in
this approach, it happily abolished a
Passage 12
Ecosystem provide people with a
variety of goods and services; food,
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107
4
4 10
>
4
T5 S
R1 U1 ?
7
9 7
11
7
(a) 12
(b) 13
(c) 14
(d) 11
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(b)
7!
2
9!
6!
(d)
2
2
58. From 6 boys and 10 girls, in
how many ways can 5 be
chosen to include exactly one
monitor?
(a) 1160 (b) 1260
(c) 1290 (d) 1250
(c)
4
5
Find the value- 45 1 = ?
3
3
(a) 56
(b) 54
(c) 58
(d) 59
A person covers a distance in
42 minutes, if he runs at a
speed of 25km/hr on an
average, find the speed at
which he must run to reduce
the time of the journey to 35
minutes?
(a) 50 km/hr(b) 40 km/hr
(c) 30 km/hr(d) 35 km/hr
Ram and Radha together can
do a piece of work in 7 days.
If Ram does twice as much
work as Radha in given time,
how long will Ram take alone
to complete the work?
(a) 21 days (b) 20days
(c) 10 days (d) 10/2 days
A bag contains an equal
number of 1 rupee, fifty paisa
and twenty-five paisa coin
respectively. If the total value
is Rs 56, how many coins of
each type are there?
(a) 52
(b) 22
(c) 32
(d) 62
Find the value of:1
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
216
2
3
27
4
3
(a)
2
9
(b)
4
9
1
3
(d)
6
7
64. Find the value of x:3
3x 8 4 = 0
(c)
(a) 12
(b) 24
(c) 36
(d) 7
65. Which fraction is the greatest
?
12 9 6 3
,
, ,
31 23 15 7
(a)
12
31
(b)
9
23
(c)
6
15
(d)
3
7
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109
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2. (d)
3. (b)
4. (c)
5. (a)
6. (a)
7. (a)
8. (d)
9. (c)
10. (d)
11. (d)
12. (c)
13. (c)
14. (c)
15. (a)
16. (a)
17. (b)
18. (a)
19. (a)
20. (d)
21. (c)
22. (d)
23. (d)
24. (c)
25. (b)
26. (c)
27. (a)
28. (d)
29. (d)
30. (d)
31. (c)
32. (a)
33. (d)
34. (c)
35. (a)
36. (d)
37. (a)
38. (a)
39. (c) [the structure of an arganisation plays the foremost role in ensuring efficient formal communi- cation
rest things come later]
40. (d) [work will be accomplished with minimal expenditure]
41. (b)
42. (b)
45. (c)
46. (b)
43. (a)
44. (a)
47. (b) Difference of 6 digits from 42, as 15+6 = 21, 27 + 6 = 33, 42 + 6 = 48.
48. (a) 6 +11 = 17, 17 6 = 11 in same way 11 +11 = 22, 22 6 =16
49. (b) 3 - 1, 4 - 2, 5-3
50. (c) 2 + 2, 2 + 2 .
51. (a) + 1, +3, +5, +7
52. (d) we do not have information about the number of persons between Ramesh and Krishna.
53. (b) As the last rang 45 minutes before 7:45 am, at 7.00, but it happened five minutes before the teacher gave
the information to the students. So the information was given 7.05 am.
54. (c) Todays date Monday
Abhis birthday = Monday + 2 = Wednesday
wed = Independences Day
Required Answer= Wednesday +1 = Thursday
55. (a) the pattern is +20, +40, +80.
56. (c)
57. (b)
58. (a)
59. (b)
60. (c)
61. (d)
62. (c)
63. (b)
64. (b)
65. (d)
66. (d)
67. (b)
68. (a)
69. (c)
70. (d)
71. (c)
72. (a)
73. (b)
74. (d)
75. (c)
76. (c)
77. (b)
78. (b)
79. (b)
80. (d)
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111
MOCK PAPER
For GS Paper-I
List-I
A. Malmals
B. Silks
C. Cotton
textiles
D. Pepper
112
List-II
1. Surat, Ahmedabad
and Madurai
2. Malabar
3. Dacca (in East
Bengal)
4. Banaras
Code:
A B C
D
(a) 3 4 1
2
(b) 1 3 4
2
(c) 4 2 1
3
(d) 2 1 3
4
3. Consider the following
statements:
1. Dara Sikoh was the son of
Shah Jahan and brother of
Aurangzeb.
2. His best known work was
a.study of Sufi and Vedanta
Philosophy.
3. He also translated the
Upnishads into Persian in
1657.
4. He was killed in the fight for
the throne between him and
his brother Aurangzeb.
Which of the above statements
about prince Dara Sikoh is/are
correct?
(a) Only 1, 2 and 3
(b) Only 2, 3 and 4
(c) Only 1, 3 and 4
(d) All the above
4. Which of the following
statements about Akbar is/are
correct?
1. Akbar was proclaimed king in
1565 when he was only
thirteen years of age.
2. Akbar was looked after by
Bairam Khan.
3. He fought his first battle with
Hemu at Panipat.
4. He had marriage alliance with
many Rajput royal families.
Code:
(a) Only 1, 2 and 3
(b) Only 2, 3 and 4
(c) Only 1, 3 and 4
(d) All the above
5. Consider the following
statements:
1. Zaziya was. abolished during
the reign-of Jahandar Shah
2. Several semi-independent
kingdoms emerged in Bengal,
Awadh and Hyderabad
during the period of Ahmad
Shah
Code:
(a) Only 1 is correct
(b) Only 2 is correct
(c) Both are correct
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 is correct
6. Arrange the following Later
Mughal rulers in chronological
order:
1. Alamgir II
2. Mohammad Shah
3. Shah Alam II
4. Ahmad Shah
Code:
(a) 3, 2, 4, 1 (b) 1,3, 2, 4
(c) 1, 2, 3, 4 (d) 2, 4, 1, 3
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List-I
A. Mahabalipuram1.
B. Halebid
2.
Temple
C. Thanjavur
3.
D. Hampi
4.
List II
Vithaldeo Temple
Brihadeswara
Hoyasala Temple
Shore Temple
Code:
A B C
D
(a) 4 3 2
1
(b) 3 4 2
1
(c) 4 3 1
2
(d) 3 4 1
2
8. Match the following List-I
(Monument) with List-II
(Builders) and answer as per the
code given below:
List-I
A. Nalanda
1.
University
B. Konark Temple2.
C. Shore Temple 3.
D. Hawa Mahal 4.
5.
List-II
Narsinghadeva I
Kumargupta I
Narsimha II
Raja Udai Singh
Raja Sawai Man
Singh
Code:
A B C
D
(a) 1 2 3
4
(b) 3 4 2
1
(c) 2 1 3
5
(d) l 2 3
5
9. Ellora
in
Aurangabad
(Maharashtra) is famous for
ancient caves representing
Buddhism, Hinduism and
Jainism. Of these, the largest
number pertains to:
(a) Buddhism(b)Hinduism
(c) Jainism (d) None of the
above
10. Consider the following
statements:
1. The Rigveda consists of 1028
Suktas or hymns, which are
distributed in ten book called
mandalas
2. Panini is considered as the
author of one of the first long
poems in Sanskrit.
Codes:
(a) Only 1 is correct
(b) Only 2 is correct
List-I
A. Khajuraho
Temples
B. Ellora Caves
C. Jaganath
Temple
D. Meenakshi
Temple
List-II
1. Rashtrakutas
List-I
A. Tower of
silehce
B. Tower of
victory
C. Anand
Bhavan
D. Matri
Mandir
List-II
1. Chittorgarh
2. Gangas
3. Chandelas
4. Nayakas
Code:
A B C
D
(a) 3 1 2
4
(b) 1 2 3
4
(c) 3 2 1
4
(d) 2 4 1
3
12. The Vivekananda Rock memorial
is located at:
(a) Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu
(b) Rameshwaram, Tamil Nadu
(c) Dakshineshwar, West Bengal
(d) Ajmer, Rajasthan
13. Which of the following dance is
performed by women in Punjab?
(a) Garba
(b) Gidda
(c) Ghero
(d) Goncha
14. Badami which is known in
ancient times as Vatapi is. a
town located in the Bijapur
district of Karnataka and is
famous. for its rock-cut temples
constructed by the Chalukyas.
These are mainly:
(a) Hindu temples
(b) Hindu and Buddhist temple
(c) Hindu, Buddhist and Jain
temple
(d) Buddhist and Jain temple
15. Match the following List-I with
List-II and answer as per the code
given-below:
2. Allahabad
3. Mumbai
4. Pondicherry
Code:
A B C
D
(a) 1 2 3
4
(b) 2 1 4
3
(c) 4 3 2
1
(d) 3 1 2
4
16. Which of the following
statements is/are correct?
1. Bharatas Natya Shastra
contains several chapter on
painting.
2. One of the strongest
influences on !he Indian music
has perhaps been that of the
Persian music.
3. The Dhrupad which evolved
in the medieval period was
devotional in character.
Code:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) All the above
17. The earliest coins called the
Punch-marked coins belonged
to the period:
(a) 6th century BE
(b) 6th century AD
(c) 10th century BC
(d) 10th century AD
18. Consider the following
statements:
1. Painting as an art form has
flourished in India from
ancient times.
2. The Guptas period is often
described as the Golden Age
of Indian Arts.
3. The Pallavas also left behind
excellent examples of
paintings in temples.
Code:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) I and 3 only
(d) All the above
19. Match the following List-I
(Temples/Images of the Gupta
period with List-II and answer as
per the code given below:
List-I
A. Bhitargaon
B. Bhitari
List-II
1. Bhagalpur
2. Kanpur
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113
3. Ghazipur
4. Jhansi
Code:
A B C
D
(a) 3 2 4
1
(b) 2 3 4
1
(c) 2 3 1
4
(d) 3 2 1
4
20. Consider the following
statements regarding Harappan
civilization:
Assertion (a): The seals and
images were manufactured with
great skill but the terracotta pieces
represent unsophisticated artistic
works.
Reason (R): The contrast
between the two sets indicates the
gap between the classes which
used them.
21. Which of the following causes
have been attributed to the
eclipse of the Iradusvalley
civilization?
1. Frequency of floods
2. Foreign invasions
3. Onset of the drought
conditions.
Select the correct answer using
the codes given below:
Code:
(a) Only 2 and 3
(b) Only 1 and 2
(c) Only 1 and 3
(d) All the above
22. Indus Valley civilization is called
Harappan civilization because:
(a) Harappa was six times larger
than Mohenjodaro
(b) Harappa has more features
(c) Harappa was excavated first
(d) Indus valley civilization was
believed to be early Vedic
civilization; hence it is named
after mythological word
Harappa
23. According to ancient Indian ideas
the sequential order of the cycle
of four ages/Yugas is:
(a) Dvapara, Krita, Treta and
Kali
(b) Krita, Dvapara, Treta and Kali
(c) Krita, Treta, Kali and Dvapara
114
List-I
A. Bhimbetka
B. Chirand
C. Burzaliontt
Kashmir
D. Bagor
List-II
1. Rajasthan
2. Bihar
3. Jammu and
4. Madhya Pradesh
Code:
A B C
D
(a) 4 2 3
1
(b) 1 3 2
4
(c) 4 1 3
2
(d) 3 4 1
2
28. Arrange the following Buddhist
councils in chronological order:
1. Vaishali 2. Rajagriha
3. Pataliputra4. Srinagar
Code:
(a) 1, 4, 3, 2 (b) 3, 2, 1, 4
(c) 3, 1, 2, 4 (d) 2, 1, 3, 4
29. Which of the following is wrong
in the context. of decline of
Mauryan Empire?
(a) The successors of Ashoka
were weak and could not
control the Empire properly.
(b) The various regions of the
empire were cut off from one
another by great distances.
(c) A
large
army
and
administrative structure
became aburden.
(d) The policy of Ahimsa (or nonviolence) led to the decline of
Mauryan Empire.
30. Which of the following
statements correctly describes,
the difference between a Chaitya
and Stupa?
(a) Chaitya is a resting place,
while Stupa is a funeral
monument.
(b) Chaitya is a place of worship
while Stupa is n architectural
term for a mound containing
the relic of Buddha and other
leading Buddhist saints.
(c) Chaityas were constructed by
monasteries while Stupas
were constructed by kings and
rich merchants.
(d) Chaityas
represents
Mahayanism while Stupas
represent Himayanism.
31. Direction: The following
question consists of two
statements; one labelled as the
Assertion (a) and the other as
Reason (R). You are to examine
these statements carefully and
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world average.
Which of the above
statement(s) is/are true?
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (i) and (iii)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (i), (ii) and (iii)
35. Which of the following
statement(s) is/are incorrect?
(a) Ecology is primarily
concerned
with
the
interactions of organisms and
the environment.
(b) Succession
is
the
phenomenon whereby a
species will inhabit a hostile
environment, die and provide
nutrients; this in true allows a
greater variety of species to
inhabit and survive in the
area.
(c) Such species are usually
autotrophic (self feeding) by
means of photosynthesis.
(d) Microscophic organisms in
mud deposits at a rivers
mouth is not an example of
succession.
36. From which cluster of states the
Tropic of Cancer passes
through?
(a) Tripura, Manipur, U.P.
(b) Mizoram,
Meghalaya,
Jharkhand
(c) Mizoram,
Tripura,
Chhatisgarh
(d) Tripura, Nagaland, W. Bengal
37. Direction: The following
question consists of two
statements; one labelled as the
Assertion (a) and the other as
Reason (R). You are to examine
these statements carefully and
select the answers to these items
using the codes given below:
Assertion (A): The Eastern
coastal areas of peninsular India
have more rainfall in the months
of October-November.
Reason (R): In Eastern India, the
amount of rainfall is more in
June, July and August.
Code:
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115
enforcement of fundamental
rights of the supreme court
comes under
(a) Original jurisdiction.
(b) Appellate jurisdiction.
(c) Review jurisdiction.
(d) Writ jurisdiction.
47. Under article 137, the
circumstance under which the
Supreme Court has the power to
review its judgements are (a) Discovery of new important
matters of evidence.
(b) Mistake or error in
presentation of record.
(c) Any other sufficient reason.
(d) on Public interest litigation.
Code:
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1, 2 and 3
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
48. Which of the following
statements is incorrect?
(a) Articles 32 and 226 are the
soul of the Indian constitution.
(b) The parliamentary form of
government in India is based
on Westminster model.
(c) Judicial review is a part of the
basic structure of Indian
Constitution.
(d) Efforts to put water into
concurrent list of the
constitution are in process.
49. The 42nd constitutional
amendment is also called
rewriting of Indian constitution
because (a) The amendment done in the
preamble ignores the federal
parliamentary system.
(b) Fundamental rights were
reinterpreted in form of
natural rights.
(c) Around one fourth of the
constitution including the
preamble and 9th schedule
were amended.
(d) An attempt to control the
power of judicial review was
made.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
President
Parliament
Council of Ministers
President
under
parliamentary law.
51. Which of the following
committee recommended for
extention of Pachayati Raj
provisions in tribal belt of India
due to which this provision was
incorporated in 9th five year
plan?
(a) VK.R.V. Rao Committee
(b) Gadgil Committee
(c) Kantilal Bhuria Committee
(d) Dilip Sing Bhuria Committee
52. Consider the following
statements.
1. No discussion in legislature
on the conduct of the judges
(art. 121) and Judiciarys
power to punish for its
contempt (art. 129 and 215)
are indispensable for the
independence of judiciary.
2. The notion of independence
of judiciary was declared as
the basic structure of Indian
Constitution inBalmukund
Vs. state of Bihar case (2000).
Which of the above
statement(s) is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
53. Which of the following houses
does not have its chairman as its
member?
(a) Legislative Council
(b) Lok Sabha
(c) Rajya Sabha
(d) Legislative Assembly
54. There is a provision of the joint
session of the houses under
article 108, if
1. the bill is rejected the other
house.
2. the other house disagrees on
the amendments to be made
in the bill.
3. the other house does not pass
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2. To provide secretarial
assistance to prime minister
is the main function of PMO.
Which of the above
statement(s) is/are correct?
(a) Only 1
(b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
62. Consider the following
statements.
1. Indian Constitution clearly
provides for the right of
judicial review for judiciary.
2. Supreme Court issues writs
under article 139 other than
the nature of the writs
enshrined in article 32.
Which of the above
statement(s) is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
63. Consider the following
statements.
1. In Pradeep Jain V/s Union of
India case (1984), the Supreme
Court held that only is single
citizenship and single domicile
is revognized in India.
2. Laxmi Mal
Singhvai
committee
had
recommended for dual
citizenship in India in the light
of globalization liberalization
and privatization as well as
importance of NRIs.
Which of the above
statement(s) is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
64. Which of the following elections
are based on proportional
representation through single
transferable voting system?
1. President and Vice President
2. Speaker of Lok Sabha.
3. Members of Rajya Sabha.
4. Chairman of state legislative
council.
The right option of the
following is
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117
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(a) 40 DB (b) 80 DB
(c) 100 DB (d) 120 DB
83. Algal bloom in a lake
(a) Leads to O2 depletion
(b) Increases CO3 level
(c) Kill fishes and other organism
(d) All the above
84. What are biotic components?
(a) The all living components
(b) Non living components
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above
85. Consider the statements
regarding IUCN:
1. It is worlds largest and oldest
global
environmental
organisation
2. Its HQ is located at Montreal
3. Red List prepared by IUCN
is a critical indicator of the
health of worlds biodiversity
4. Membership is limited to state
(government) parties only.
(a) 1 and 2 are correct
(b) 1 and 3 are correct
(c) 1, 2 and 3 are correct
(d) 1, 3 and 4 are correct
86. (i) The Ministry of External
Affairs withdrew its proposal for
higher foreign allowances for
diplomats after the Devyani
Khobragade episode.
(ii) The Andhra Pradesh State
Minorities Commission has
strongly advocated that Imams
and Muezzins be paid salaries by
the Wakf Board, in tune with the
Supreme Court judgement of
1993.
Which of the above statement/
statements is/are true?
(a) only i
(b) only ii
(c) both i and ii
(d) neither i nor ii
87. i) The nuclear trade body
forbids
members
from
transferring technology to
countries that have not signed the
Nuclear Non-Proliferation
Treaty (NPT).
ii) Indian-American Governor
and the rising star of the
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119
(a) only i
(b) only ii
(c) both i and ii
(d) neither i nor ii
98. i) Tropical Cyclone Christine
recently slammed into US
southern state of Oklahoma.
ii) The Iranians are of the view
that Joint Plan of Action (JPA) that
was signed, does not ban Iran
from developing a new
generation of sophisticated
centrifuges-spinning machines
that are used for enriching
uranium.
Which of the above statement/
statements is/are true?
(a) only i
(b) only ii
(c) both i and ii
(d) neither i nor ii
99. i) The Reserve Bank of India
now allows banks to sanction
loans of up to Rs.1 lakh against
pledge of gold ornaments and
jewellery.
ii) VCES stands for Voluntary
Compliance and Encouragement
Scheme and it let declarants pay
half of the declared tax dues for
the five-year period October 1,
2001-December 31, 2012 by
December 31 and the balance in
another six months without
interest.
Which of the above statement/
statements is/are true?
(a) only i
(b) only ii
(c) both i and ii
(d) neither i nor ii
100. i) Novak Djokovic became the
first man to win three
consecutive Australian Open
titles in the Open Era this year.
ii) Courage and Conviction is
the autobiography of General V.
K Singh.
Which of the above statement/
statements is/are false?
(a) only i
(b) only ii
(c) both i and ii
(d) neither i nor ii
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2.
(a)
3.
(d)
4. (b)
5.
(a)
6. (d)
7. (a)
8.
(c)
9.
(b)
10. (c)
11.
(a)
12. (a)
13. (b)
14.
(c)
15.
(d)
16. (b)
17.
(a)
18. (d)
19. (b)
20.
(a)
21.
(d)
22. (c)
23.
(d)
24. (d)
25. (b)
26.
(d)
27.
(a)
28. (d)
29.
(d)
30. (b)
31. (c)
32.
(c)
33.
(c)
34. (c)
35.
(c)
36. (c)
37. (b)
38.
(b)
39.
(a)
40. (b)
41.
(b)
42. (c)
43. (c)
44.
(b)
45.
(c)
46. (d)
47.
(c)
48. (a)
49. (c)
50.
(d)
51.
(d)
52. (c)
53.
(c)
54. (a)
55. (b)
56.
(a)
57.
(b)
58. (d)
59.
(a)
60. (c)
61. (c)
62.
(b)
63.
(c)
64. (c)
65.
(b)
87.
(d)
88.
(b)
89. (b)
90.
(c)
91.
(a)
92. (b)
93.
(b)
94.
(a)
95. (c)
96.
(b)
97.
(b)
98. (b)
99.
(c)
100.
(d)
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