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ABSTRACT
This document is a thesis done in the production area in order to make a
technical analysis of alternatives that may increase the market share of the
heavy crude oil from Campo Arce, belonging to the company Kappa Resources
Colombia Ltda. Which produces with a high percentage of water output and an
API gravity of 12API to 60Farenheit, which lists this as a heavy crude oil with
a high percentage of heavy metals (Nickel and Vanadium). The study of this
thesis exposes 3 treatment systems of heavy crude oil that are proposed like
alternatives for Campo Arce, these alternatives are: implement type S
centrifugal from the Alfa Lava Company, a mixture of oil from Campo Arce
with crudes of a higher API from other oilfields, and an improved plant oil by
solvent injection. Standing out as the best economic alternative technique, the
improved plant oil, since it has centrifugation systems that separate the heavy
oil phase, (water and solids), and deasphalted crude from Campo Arce. In the
document it can be found the technical and financial analysis of the three
alternatives, standing out as practical and economical alternative the plant for
enhanced features of the Campo Arce heavy crude oil. For evaluation it takes
into account the functionality, adaptability for Campo Arce, and the fulfillment
of the objectives that are to reduce the percentage of water present and
redeem the solids in the crude oil.
Keywords: catalyst, coalescence, density, electrostatic, emulsifier, emulsion,
centrifugal force, upgrading, BS&W, BOPD.
1. Introduction
Heavy crude oil production brings
some
complications
for
marketing and sales, as its high
water content, the amount of
dissolved
solids,
and
high
viscosity. This in some cases
prevents it to be sold and
shipped, so it is necessary to
seek
alternative
surface
treatments
before
becoming
oil
2. Campo Arce
Campo Arce its located on the
western edge of the Contrato de
Asociacin las Quinchas, en the
department of Santander, 3 km
from the village of Puerto Berrio
(Antioquia).
The first well that was drilled in
the field was Arce-1 by the
Texaco Company in 1984 which
proved crude of 13oAPI in the
formation
Mugrosa,
approximately 2700 depth and a
production of 6 BOPD.
2.1.
Campo
geology
Arce
S
for
The
centrifugal
separation
system, if it becomes feasible its
implementation, it will be located
in the washing stage after the
density differential separation
made by the washing tank. By
reducing the water content of the
emulsion the separation of the
phases
becomes
difficult,
because the water drops losses
their weight and reduced, are
wrapped easier by oil drops,
which is typical in this heavy
type crudes because of their
content of high asphaltenes.
The washing tank of the Campo
Arce station receives Arce crude
with BS&W of 47% and delivers it
to his output after the 15
minutes residence period with a
BS&W lower of 11.7%, a result of
the Karl-Fisher test measurement
at the end of the washing stage.
The Arce emulsion will be heated
to increase the effectiveness of
the process to an average
temperature of 50oC, reducing
pressure losses by viscosity and
increasing
the
centrifugal
separation level. The equipment
has its own heater which is
controlled directly from the type
S separator console.
APIj
o
+ Xj
Xi
API =
Where:
4.2.
Arce crude dilution
with crudes of greater
API gravity.
The crude of Campo Arce have in
its principal characteristics an API
variation form 11.6o API to 13o
1.56 = 0.61/0.39
4.2.4.
Conclusions
Remove
asphalt
from
heavy oils.
Increase
the
Gas
Oil
production of the heavy
crude.
Obtain comercial asphalt
from raw crude.
Obtaining
more
light
fractions of crude.
Precipitate
asphaltenes
and heavy fractions.
leaving
the
treatment
increase the API gravity oil.
and