PREFACE

We realized that the implementation of research and the completion of the

writer of this article because of the lord God who gives blessings of
health.Grace of the lord Jesus Christ, and love of God and the fellowship of the
holy spirit is with us.
raises and thanks to God and for all of his help and permit so we can be
finished the article even by hard effort and long time. For this chance
also we want to say thanks for sir Siringo-ringo who have supported , helped
and comforted at all times along with us so this article may be done so well. we
apologize if there are shortcomings in this article.Thank you.

TABLE OF CONTENT
PREFACE..............................................................................................

Table of Content....................................................................................

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UNIT I...................................................................................................

A.Background
B.Formula of Content
C.Purpose
UNIT II...................................................................................................

A.Definition of conditional if
B.Function of conditional if
C.Classification of conditional if..........................................................

Parts
Types of Conditional If
Subordinator
UNIT III.................................................................................................

Closing
Reference......................................................................................

UNIT I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background
There are many different ways to express conditional or hypothetical meaning in
English. One of them is to use the word if in the clause that expresses the condition. For
example, If it rains, well cancel the picnic. If it doesnt rain, we wont. This handout
explains how different verb tenses indicate different meanings when you are speaking
hypothetically and should help you choose the right verb tense for the meaning you want to
convey.
Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are
used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain
condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled. In this lecture our concern is not with subtleties in
the logical or semantic properties of conditional sentences, but with the tight connection
between the meanings of English conditional sentences and features of their grammatical
form. In a conditional sentence, there are two parts, (1) the antecedent = the protasis, and (2)
the consequent = the apodosis. In general I will refer to them simply as "P" and "Q", from the
logician's tradition of representing material implication as "P implies Q". Most of the
examples we consider will be of the form "if P, Q", but actually there are numerous ways of
expressing the meanings that get expressed in English conditional

A conditional sentence describes the condition that is necessary for a particular result
to occur. The conjunctions if, even if, when, whenever, whether, and unless often appear in
conditional sentences. The meaning of a conditional sentence determines which verb tenses
needs to be used in the independent and subordinate clauses.

B. Formula of Problem
1. What the definition of conditional if ?
2. What the function of conditional if ?
3. How much the classification of conditional if ?

C. Purpose
1. In order to tell the definition of conditional if.
2. In order to tell the function of conditional if.
3. In order to know about Classification of conditional if.

UNIT II
CONTENT

1. Definition of Conditional If
Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or
If Clauses. They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only
take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled. There are three types of
Conditional Sentences.
Most explanations of the conditional dont use one consistent example, so its difficult
to see how different verb tenses convey different meanings. This handout uses the same basic
activity in each example (sticking your fingers into the fire) to show how the situation
influences the choice of verb tense. The critical factor is the *likelihood* of the situation
being real. Pay attention to the situation described before each example and notice how the
verb changes as the situation becomes more and more likely.

2. Function of Conditional if
There are 5 different uses of conditional clauses :
Use conditional sentences to express a general or habitual fact. In this type
of conditional sentence, the verb tense in each clause is the same.
General fact :

When I touch an ice cube, it feels cold.

Habitual fact:

Whenever I touched an ice cube, it felt cold.

Use conditional sentences make predictions about the future, or express

future intentions or possibilities. In this type of conditional sentence, the subordinate
clause contains a present-tense verb and the independent clause contains the modal can,
may, might, should, or will) plus the base form of the verb.
Prediction

If I win the lottery, I can go to Paris.

Intention

If I win the lottery, I will go to Paris.

Possibility

If I win the lottery, I might go to Paris.

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Use conditional sentences to speculate about the future result of a possible but
unlikely condition in the present. In this type of conditional sentence, the subordinate
clause contains the past tense of the verb, and the independent clause contains the modal
would, could, or might, plus the base for of the verb.
Speculation :

If I won the lottery, I would go to Paris.

Unlikely present condition:

If I won the lottery,

Future result :

I would go to Paris.

Use conditional sentences to speculate about the past result of a condition that did not
happen in the past. In this type of conditional sentence, the subordinate clause
contains the past perfect tense of the verb, and the independent clause contains the
modal would have, could have, or might have, plus the past participle.
Speculation:

If I had won the lottery, I would have gone to Paris.

Untrue past condition:

If I had won the lottery,

Untrue past result:

I would have gone to Paris.

In this type of conditional sentence, you can express the conditional without using if
by reversing the order of the subject and the verb in the subordinate clause.
Speculation:

Had I won the lottery, I would have gone to Paris.

Use conditional sentences to speculate about the future result of a condition that is not true
in the present. In this type of conditional sentence, the subordinate clause contains the
past-tense verb were (never was), and the independent clause contains the modal would,
could, or might, plus the base form of the verb.
Speculation:

If I were Prime Minister, I would do a great job.

Untrue condition:

If I were Prime Minister

Future result:

I would do a great job.

Speculation:

If I were going to Paris, I would bring my passport.

Untrue condition:

If I were going to Paris,

Future result:

I would bring my passport

3. Classification of Conditional If
Parts
They are divided into two main parts:
Protasis : if-clause usually at the beginning
Apodosis : main clause usually in second position
If you phone me, I will go with you.
protasis

apodosis

Types of Conditional If
1. Zero Condition
Natural laws and their consequences (one thing follows automatically from
another)
If... + present... + present
If it snows, people wear warm coats.
PROBABLE CONDITION (open condition) :
o If-clause in present tense, the main clause in the future simple (or
present tense)
o If you come, I shall bring the book.
o If it rains, we shall stay at home.
o Don't say that unless you will do it.
o Variations: the main clause with a modal verb (may/might, must,
should):
o If you want to pass, you must study harder.
IMPROBABLE CONDITION (hypothetical or unreal condition) :
o If-clause in the past tense, the main clause in the conditional tense
(would+infinitive)
o If I had money, I would give it to you.
o If someone tried to do that, he would find himself in trouble.
o If I were you, I wouldn't do that.
o Variations : The main clause with might or could instead of would:
o If you tried again, you might succeed. (possible result)
UNFULFILLED CONDITION IN THE PAST

o If-clause in the past perfect tense, the main clause in the perfect
conditional (would+have+verb in past participle)
o If I had known that, I would not have come.
o If he had tried to understand, he would not have left that angry.
o Variations: the main clause with could or might instead of would:
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o
o
o
o

If we had found him earlier, we could have saved his life. (ability)
If we had found him earlier, we might have saved his life. (possibility)
Had can be placed first and the if ommitted:
Had I known that, I would not have come

2. Conditional Sentence Type 1

It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.
Use : refer to the future. An action in the future will only happen if a certain
condition is fulfilled by that time. We don't know for sure whether the condition
actually will be fulfilled or not, but the conditions seems rather realistic so we
think it is likely to happen.
Form

: if + Simple Present, will (future)

Ex

: If John has the money, he will buy a Ferrari.

3. Conditionanl Sentence Type 2

It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled.
Use : refer to situations in the present. An action could happen if the present
situation were different. I don't really expect the situation to change, however. I
just imagine what would happen if
Form

: if + Simple Past, + would + Infinitive)

Ex

: If John had the money, he would buy a Ferrari.

4. Conditional Sentence Type 3

It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past
Use : refer to situations in the past. An action could have happened in the past if a
certain condition had been fulfilled. Things were different then, however. We just
imagine, what would have happened if the situation had been fulfilled.
Form

: if + Past Perfect, + would + have + Past Participle)

Ex

: If John had had the money, he would have bought a Ferrari.

Subordinators
a) Common subordinators: if, unless, whether
b) Other subordinators: providing that, provided that, as long as, so long as,
on condition that, suppose that, supposing that, only if, even if, even
though, in case

 Subordinators (cont.)
IF
It is used for positive conditions to say that something is or would be the
consequence of something else happening
IF clause, (THEN) main clause.
If this is your last word, then I will leave right now.
UNLESS

It is used for negative conditions

similar to IF NOT.

Main clause(,) UNLESS clause.

(a menos que) and its meaning is

Dont tell her unless you are sure

WHETHER

It is not replaceable by IF.

WHETHEROR: a situation affected by 2 or more things

WHETHEROR NOT: a situation affected by either of 2 opposite

situations combination of conditional & disjuntive meaning.

You wont arrive on time whether you run or go on a bicycle or go in a

taxi.
He will not come to the party whether they invite his wife or not.

PROVIDED (THAT)
PROVIDING (THAT)
SO LONG AS
AS LONG AS
SUPPOSING (THAT) SUPPOSE (THAT)
ON CONDITION (THAT)

They mean IF and only IF

They express that one situation is necessary for another situation to take
place type 1
Ill do it provided (that) I am well paid.
Providing (that) there are no questions, we will finish in 5 minutes.
Ill go as long as you go with me.

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UNIT III
CLOSING

Conclution
If is often used to express condition
Conditional sentences state the dependence of one circumstance or set of
circumstances on another.
They are chiefly introduced by the conjunctions if (positive condition) and
unless (negative condition), but also by other compound conjunctions,
such as: if only, provided that, as long as, on condition that.
Conditional ("if") sentences normally have two parts.
One part shows a result and the other shows a condition
on which the result depends. The condition is normally
preceded by if. In "He'll be angry if he doesn't get what
he wants," the result is "he'll be angry" and the condition
(introduced by "if") is "he doesn't get what he wants."
There are two main types of conditional sentences: real
and unreal. Real conditional sentences refer to situations
that are either true or possible. Unreal conditionals are
often described as being contrary to fact and refer to
situations that are untrue, impossible, or hypothetical.
Special Notes:
3. 1. In this type of conditional sentence, if does not
mean when / whenever / every time.
2. It's possible, in this type of conditional, to use will
in both parts of the sentence. If will is used in the
if clause, it as a special meaning: willingness or
volition. It does not refer to future time.
Examples:
If she'll study, she'll get good grades.
(If she'll study = If she's willing to study.
3. Will can be used in if clauses only when it
shows willingness:
not logical:*If they'll have extra money,they'll put it in their savings account

Reference
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http://www.kfmaas.de/gram_if.html
Anwar, Munash F.2008 ENGLISH IN PROGRESS
http://2easy4share.blogspot.com/2011/11/definisi-conditional-sentences.html
http://www.misterguru.web.id/2011/09/conditional-sentences-type-1-type-2.html
Schrampter Azar, Betty, Hagen, A. Stacy copyright 2006,1997 ,1984 Basic
ENGLISH GRAMMAR ( Third Edition, teachers Guide). Printed in the United
States of America.
Anwar, Desy.2004. kamus Lengkap 10 Milliard (Inggris Indonesia,Indonesia
Inggris). Surabaya :Amelia
http/swarabhaskara.com/miscellaneous/conditional-sentences-part-2/

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BY :

GROUP : 6 ( ENAM )
CLASS

: 1-6

NAME
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

CLASS NUMBER

Bryan Situmeang
Lastri Wanita Manalu
Risky Damanik
Samuel Efraim Siregar
Yehezkiel Haloho
Yenny Doloksaribu

4
22
34
39
45
46

BUDI MULIA SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

PEMATANG SIANTAR
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