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SharingAbstracts,NotesonvariousElectricalEngineeringTopics.

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NOVEMBER3,2011 9COMMENTS(HTTPS://ELECTRICALNOTES.WORDPRESS.COM/2011/11/03/ABSTRACTOF
NATIONALELECTRICALCODEFORTRANSFORMER%E2%80%99SPROTECTION/#COMMENTS)

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AccordingtoNEC450.4,eachtransformer600volts,nominal,orlessshallbeprotectedbyanindividualovercurrentdevice
installedinserieswitheachungroundedinputconductor.
Suchovercurrentdeviceshallberatedorsetatnotmorethan125%oftheratedfullloadinputcurrentoftheautotransformer.
Further,accordingtoNECTable450.3(B),iftheprimarycurrentofthetransformerislessthan9amps,anovercurrentdevice
ratedorsetatnotmorethan167%oftheprimarycurrentshallbepermitted.Wheretheprimarycurrentislessthan2amps,an
overcurrentdeviceratedorsetatnotmorethan300%shallbepermitted.
Example:DecideSizeofcircuitbreaker(overcurrentprotectiondevice)isrequiredontheprimarysidetoprotecta75kva440v
230v3transformer.
75kvax1,000=75,000va
75,000va/(440Vx3)=98.41amps.
Thecurrent(amps)ismorethan9ampssouse125%rating.
98.41ampsx1.25=123amps
Use125amp3polecircuitbreaker(thenexthighestfuse/fixedtripcircuitbreakersizeperNEC240.6).
TheovercurrentdeviceontheprimarysidemustbesizedbasedonthetransformerKVAratingandnotsizedbasedonthe
secondaryloadtothetransformer.

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AccordingtoNECTable450.3(B),wherethesecondarycurrentofatransformeris9ampsormoreand125%ofthiscurrentdoes
notcorrespondtoastandardratingofafuseorcircuitbreaker,thenexthigherstandardratingshallberequired.Wherethe
secondarycurrentislessthan9amps,anovercurrentdeviceratedorsetatnotmorethan167%ofthesecondarycurrentshallbe
permitted.
Example:DecideSizeofcircuitbreaker(overcurrentprotectiondevice)isrequiredonthesecondarysidetoprotecta75kva440v
230v3transformer.
WehaveCalculatethesecondaryovercurrentprotectionbasedonthesizeofthetransformer,notthetotalconnectedload.
75kvax1,000=75,000va
75,000va/(230Vx3)=188.27amps.(Note:230V3iscalculated)
Thecurrent(amps)ismorethan9ampssouse125%rating.
188.27ampsx1.25=235.34amps.
Therefore:Use300amp3polecircuitbreaker(perNEC240.6).

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Forprimaryandsecondaryprotectionwithatransformerimpedanceof6%orless,theprimaryfusemustnotbelargerthan
300%ofprimaryFullLoadAmps(F.L.A.)andthesecondaryfusemustnotbelargerthan250%ofsecondaryF.L.A.

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Forprimaryprotectiononly,theprimaryfusemustnotbelargerthan125%ofprimaryF.L.A.
Forprimaryandsecondaryprotectiontheprimaryfeederfusemustnotbelargerthan250%ofprimaryF.L.A.ifthesecondary
fuseissizedat125%ofsecondaryF.L.A.

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Theseshallbeprotectedwithprimaryfuseswheninstalledindoorsorenclosed

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Thissectionshowthat277/480voltwyeonlyconnectedservices,1000amperesandlarger,musthavegroundfaultprotection
inadditiontoconventionalovercurrentprotection.
Thegroundfaultrelay(orsensor)mustbesettopickupgroundfaultswhichare1200amperesormoreandactuatethemain
switchorcircuitbreakertodisconnectallungroundedconductorsofthefaultedcircuit.

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Anydeviceusedtoprotectalowvoltagesystemshouldbecapableofopeningallfaultcurrentsuptothemaximumcurrent
availableattheterminalofthedevice.
Manyovercurrentdevices,today,areusedincircuitsthatareabovetheirinterruptingrating.
ByusingproperlysizedCurrentLimitingFusesaheadofthesedevices,thecurrentcanusuallybelimitedtoavaluelowerthan
theinterruptingcapacityoftheovercurrentdevices.

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Theovercurrentprotectivedevices,alongwiththetotalimpedance,thecomponentshortcircuitwithstandratings,andother
characteristicsofthecircuittobeprotectedshallbesoselectedandcoordinatedsothatthecircuitprotectivedevicesusedtoclear
afaultwilldosowithouttheoccurrenceofextensivedamagetotheelectricalcomponentsofthecircuit.
Inordertodothiswemustselecttheovercurrentprotectivedevicessothattheywillopenfastenoughtopreventdamagetothe
electricalcomponentsontheirloadside.
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FILEDUNDERUNCATEGORIZED
AboutJignesh.Parmar
JigneshParmarhascompletedM.Tech(PowerSystemControl),B.E(Electrical)fromGujaratUniversity.Hehasmorethan13years
experienceinPowerTransmissionPowerDistributionElectricalenergytheftdetectionElectricalMaintenanceElectrical
Projects(PlanningDesigningcoordinationExecution).HeisPresentlyassociatewithoneoftheleadingbusinessgroupasaDeputy
ManageratAhmedabad,India.HeisFreelancerProgrammerofAdvanceExcelanddesignusefulExcelSheetsofElectrical
EngineeringasperIS,NEC,IEC,IEEEcodes.HeistechnicalAuthorforElectricalMirrorandElectricalIndiaMagazines.Heis
TechnicalBloggerandFamiliarwithEnglish,Hindi,Gujarati,Frenchlanguages.HewantstoSharehisexperience&knowledgeand
helptechnicalenthusiaststofindsuitablesolutionsandupdatingthemselvesonvariousEngineeringTopics.

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dhar1111says:
March11,2012at10:49am
hi,
veryintrestingelectricalsite,
Ihaveadoubt.Mostofthetrasformersseconderyisbusducted.IsitmandetoryaccordingtoIErules.pleaseclarifyme.
Sridhar
Hyderabad
Reply
nagendrasarmasays:
August12,2012at12:11pm
haisir,
thisisveryinterestingtostudentslikeme,asilearnedmoreinformationabouttrsnsformers,iwanttoknowlatesttrendsin
electricalmechines.pleaseupdateportalwiththis
P.NAGENDRASARMA
ANANTAPUR
Reply
Williesays:
November28,2012at10:35pm
Iliketoaddressthefollowingandthinkisvaluesfromdiferentvoltageswereusedintheexplanationprovided
75,000va/(440Vx3)=98.41amps.
Thecurrent(amps)ismorethan9ampssouse125%rating.
______
123ampsx1.25=112.76amps
[[[shouldntthisbe98.41Ampsx1.25=123AMps??]]]
The112.76PrimaryProtectioncomesfromusing(480vx3)butsinceyouareusing(440vx3)theAmpsis98Awhileona480v
x3is90.25Ampsx1.25=112.8Amps
Justtoclariy,goodworkinpostingthesearticlesxfmrdotendtocomfusepeoplealot..
bestregards
Willie
Reply
Jignesh.Parmarsays:
November30,2012at4:49pm
ThankWillieforhighlightingTypingerror.
Necessarycorrectionismadeinpost.
ThanksAgain.
Reply
Dhanapalmariappansays:
February19,2013at2:12pm
Sir,
Iftheloadconnectedtothetransformerislessthanitscapacity,canwesettheprotectivedevicebasedontheconnectedload?
Reply
Williesays:
February22,2013at7:24pm
GooddayDhanapalmariappan
Ifreferringtothesecondarysideofthetransformerthankeepinmindanythingoriginatingfromatransformerwillbe
consideredaservicepointandwillneedtomeetthenumberofmainslikeanyotherutilityservice(mayconsistof1thru6
circuitbreakersorfuses)
Nowyourquestionyesyoucouldlimitthefeederandsizeonthesecondarysideofatransformer,(Iwouldliketoaskwhy
wouldthisbethecase)alsoifyouarelimitingtheloadtoanspecificpanel/disconnectonthesecondarysidebecauseyouare
planningtohavemorethanonesecondaryovercurrentprotectivedevicesshouldbeawarethatthecombinedloadofthe
overcurrentdevicesshallnotexceedthetotalratingofthetransformersecondarycapacity..

Forexamplea75KVAtransformerwillhaveatotalof5disconnectsorfuseseachratedat60Abyaddingthisratingwill

Forexamplea75KVAtransformerwillhaveatotalof5disconnectsorfuseseachratedat60Abyaddingthisratingwill
exceedthesecondarysidecapacity(208A)
Primaryprotection
75kva/480v/3ph=90A
SecondaryMaxLoad
75kva/120/208v/3ph=2008A
Having5disconnectsonthesecondarysideratedat60A=thiscouldyieldatotalpossibleconnectedloadof300Athiswill
putthetransformerinanoverworkedmodenotalloworpermitted,thereforeyoushouldbelimitingtheloadofeach
disconnectsothatitwillnotexceedthesecondarycapacity(Ampacity).Thisisfor600Vorless.notthisreferstoactual
loadandnotratingofdisconnectingmeans
For600Vormorethereisasectionthatallowsthecombinedratingofthesecondarysidetobenomorethan300%ofthe
primarysideinexampleifprimaryis90Ax300%=270AthecombinedO.C.P.connectedtothesecondarysideofthe
transformercanbemorethan270Anotethatthisreferstotheratingofthedisconnectingmeansratherthantheactual
connectedloadaspreviouslydescribed
Thankyouhopethishelps
willie
Reply
Williesays:
February22,2013at7:30pm
Dhanapalmariappaninanutshellorasimpleyesorno
Yesyoucanprotecttotheactualconnectedloadandnotthefullloadofthesecondaryside.thiswillleavespaceforother
futureconnectionsalthoughveryuncommonpracticeunlessspecifyconditionsexistitispermissible..Alsodontforget
theO.C.Pshouldalsoprotectthewire.
Regards
Willie
Reply
vishalsays:
May17,2013at6:35am
Dearsir,
Ifwearegoingfora11kVhtpanelfeedingsay3nosoftransformerseach250kVA,shouldwegoforvcbsineachoutgoingof
thepaneloravcbinincomerofpanelandloadbreakswitchesasoutgoings.IfweuseLBSidoubtifsufficientprotectionwillbe
providedtotransformers.Pleasecommentonbestpossibleswitchgearselctiontobemadeforthispanel.
Reply
sakilsays:
October8,2013at3:09pm
IwantInstalled500KvaTransformerPl.guide
Reply

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