Serialization in Java PDF

29/8/2015
Serializationinjava
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ABOUT ARPIT MANDLIYA

IamjavadeveloperatTataConsultancyServicesLtd.MycurrentareaofinterestareJ2EE,webdevelopmentandjavadesign
patterns.Iamtechnologyenthusiasttryingtoexplorenewtechnologies.Insparetime,Iloveblogging.
NEWSLETTER
121704insidersarealreadyenjoyin
Serialization in java
Postedby:ArpitMandliya inCoreJava March12th,2013
Javaprovidesmechanismcalledserializationtopersistsjavaobjectsinaformoforderedorsequenceofbytesthatincludestheobjectsdata
aswellasinformationabouttheobjectstypeandthetypesofdatastoredintheobject.Soifwehaveserializeanyobjectthenitcanberead
anddeserializeitusingobjectstypeandotherinformationsowecanretrieveoriginalobject.
ClassesObjectInputStreamandObjectOutputStreamarehighlevelstreamsthatcontainthemethodsforserializinganddeserializinganobject.
ObjectOutputStreamhasmanymethodforserializingobjectbutcommonlyusedmethodis:
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privatevoidwriteObject(ObjectOutputStreamos)throwsIOException
{
SimilarlyObjectInputStreamhas
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privatevoidreadObject(ObjectInputStreamis)throwsIOException,ClassNotFoundException
{
NeedofSerialization?
SerializationisusuallyusedWhentheneedarisestosendyourdataovernetworkorstoredinfiles.BydataImeanobjectsandnottext.Now
theproblemisyourNetworkinfrastructureandyourHarddiskarehardwarecomponentsthatunderstandbitsandbytesbutnotJavaobjects.
SerializationisthetranslationofyourJavaobjectsvalues/statestobytestosenditovernetworkorsaveit.Onotherhand,Deserializationis
conversionofbytecodetocorrespondingjavaobjects.
ConceptofserialVersionUID:
SerialVersionUIDisusedtoensurethatsameobject(ThatwasusedduringSerialization)isloadedduringDeserialization.serialVersionUIDis
usedforversioncontrolofobject.YoucanreadmoreatserialVersionUIDinjavaserialization
ForSerialization:
Stepsare:
http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2013/03/serializationinjava.html
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Serializationinjava
Letstakeanexample:CreateEmployee.javainsrc>org.arpit.javapostsforlearning:
1.Employee.java
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packageorg.arpit.javapostsforlearning;
importjava.io.Serializable;
publicclassEmployeeimplementsSerializable{
intemployeeId;
StringemployeeName;
Stringdepartment;
publicintgetEmployeeId(){
returnemployeeId;
}
publicvoidsetEmployeeId(intemployeeId){
this.employeeId=employeeId;
}
publicStringgetEmployeeName(){
returnemployeeName;
}
publicvoidsetEmployeeName(StringemployeeName){
this.employeeName=employeeName;
}
publicStringgetDepartment(){
returndepartment;
}
publicvoidsetDepartment(Stringdepartment){
this.department=department;
}
}
Asyoucanseeabove,ifyouwanttoserializeanyclassthenitmustimplementSerializableinterfacewhichismarkerinterface.
MarkerinterfaceinJavaisinterfaceswithnofieldormethodsorinsimplewordemptyinterfaceinjavaiscalledmarkerinterface.Create
SerializeMain.javainsrc>org.arpit.javapostsforlearning
2.SerializeMain.java
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importjava.io.FileOutputStream;
importjava.io.IOException;
importjava.io.ObjectOutputStream;
publicclassSerializeMain{
/**
*@authorArpitMandliya
*/
publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){
Employeeemp=newEmployee();
emp.setEmployeeId(101);
emp.setEmployeeName('Arpit');
emp.setDepartment('CS');
try
{
FileOutputStreamfileOut=newFileOutputStream('employee.ser');
ObjectOutputStreamoutStream=newObjectOutputStream(fileOut);
outStream.writeObject(emp);
outStream.close();
fileOut.close();
}catch(IOExceptioni)
{
i.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
ForDeserialization:
Stepsare:
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CreateDeserializeMain.javainsrc>org.arpit.javapostsforlearning
3.DeserializeMain.java
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importjava.io.ObjectInputStream;
publicclassDeserializeMain{
/**
*/
Employeeemp=null;
try
{
FileInputStreamfileIn=newFileInputStream('employee.ser');
ObjectInputStreamin=newObjectInputStream(fileIn);
emp=(Employee)in.readObject();
in.close();
fileIn.close();
{
return;
}catch(ClassNotFoundExceptionc)
{
System.out.println('Employeeclassnotfound');
c.printStackTrace();
return;
}
System.out.println('DeserializedEmployee...');
System.out.println('Empid:'+emp.getEmployeeId());
System.out.println('Name:'+emp.getEmployeeName());
System.out.println('Department:'+emp.getDepartment());
}
}
4.Runit:
FirstrunSerializeMain.javathenDeserializeMain.javaandyouwillgetfollowingoutput:
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DeserializedEmployee...
Empid:101
Name:Arpit
Department:CS
Sowehaveserializeanemployeeobjectandthendeserializedit.Itseemsverysimplebutitcanbeverycomplexwhenreference
object,inheritancecomeintothepicture.Sowewillseedifferentcasesonebyoneandhowwecanapplyserializationindifferentscenarios.
Case1Whatifanobjecthasareferencetootherobjects
Wehaveseenverysimplecaseofserialization,nowwhatifitalsoareferencetootherobjects.Howwillitserializedthen?willreferenceobject
willalsogetserialized?.Yes,Youdonthavetoexplicitlyserializereferenceobjects.Whenyouserializeanyobjectandifitcontainanyother
objectreferencethenJavaserializationserializethatobjectsentireobjectgraph.
Forexample:Letssay,EmployeenowhasreferencetoaddressobjectandAddresscanhavereferencetosomeotherobject(e.g.Home)then
whenyouserializeEmployeeobjectallotherreferenceobjectssuchasaddressandhomewillbeautomaticallyserialized.LetscreateAddress
classandaddobjectofAddressasareferencetoaboveemployeeclass.
Employee.java:
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intemployeeId;
StringemployeeName;
Stringdepartment;
Addressaddress;
returnemployeeId;
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}
}
returnemployeeName;
}
}
returndepartment;
}
}
publicAddressgetAddress(){
returnaddress;
}
publicvoidsetAddress(Addressaddress){
this.address=address;
}
}
CreateAddress.javainorg.arpit.javapostsforlearning:
Address.java:
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publicclassAddress{
inthomeNo;
Stringstreet;
Stringcity;
publicAddress(inthomeNo,Stringstreet,Stringcity){
super();
this.homeNo=homeNo;
this.street=street;
this.city=city;
}
publicintgetHomeNo(){
returnhomeNo;
}
publicvoidsetHomeNo(inthomeNo){
this.homeNo=homeNo;
}
publicStringgetStreet(){
returnstreet;
}
publicvoidsetStreet(Stringstreet){
this.street=street;
}
publicStringgetCity(){
returncity;
}
publicvoidsetCity(Stringcity){
this.city=city;
}
}
CreateSerializeDeserializeMain.javainorg.arpit.javapostsforlearning:
SerializeDeserializeMain.java:
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importjava.io.FileInputStream;
publicclassSerializeDeserializeMain{
/**
*/
Addressaddress=newAddress(88,'MGroad','Pune');
emp.setAddress(address);
//Serialize
try
{
outStream.close();
fileOut.close();
{
}
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//Deserialize
emp=null;
try
{
in.close();
fileIn.close();
{
return;
{
return;
}
address=emp.getAddress();
System.out.println('City:'+address.getCity());
}
}
Runit:
WhenyourunSerializeDeserializeMain.java.Youwillgetfollowingoutput:
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java.io.NotSerializableException:org.arpit.javapostsforlearning.Address
atjava.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject0(UnknownSource)
atjava.io.ObjectOutputStream.defaultWriteFields(UnknownSource)
atjava.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeSerialData(UnknownSource)
atjava.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeOrdinaryObject(UnknownSource)
atjava.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject0(UnknownSource)
atjava.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject(UnknownSource)
Wegotexceptionwhatwentwrong.Iforgottomention,Addressclassmustalsobeserializable.SoyouhavetomakeAddressserializableby
implementserialzableinterface.
Address.java:
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publicclassAddressimplementsSerializable{
inthomeNo;
Stringstreet;
Stringcity;
super();
this.homeNo=homeNo;
this.street=street;
this.city=city;
}
returnhomeNo;
}
this.homeNo=homeNo;
}
returnstreet;
}
this.street=street;
}
returncity;
}
this.city=city;
}
}
Runagain:
WhenyourunagainSerializeDeserializeMain.java.Youwillgetfollowingoutput:
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Empid:101
Name:Arpit
Department:CS
City:Pune
Case2:Whatifyoudonthaveaccesstoreferenceobjects
sourcecode(e.gyoudonthaveaccesstoaboveAddress
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class)
IfyoudonthaveaccesstoaddressclassthenhowwillyouimplementserializableinterfaceinAddressclass.Isthereanyalternativetothat?
yesthereis,YoucancreateanotherclasswhichextendsaddressandmakeitserialzablebutItcanfailsinmanycases:
Whatifclassisdeclaredasfinal
Whatifclasshavereferencetoothernonserializableobject.
SothenhowwillyouserializeEmployeeobject?sosolutionisyoucanmakeittransient.Ifyoudontwanttoserializeanyfieldthenmakeit
transient.
1 transientAddressaddress
SoaftermakingaddresstransientinEmployeeclasswhenyourunprogram.YouwillgetnullPointerExceptionbecauseduringdeserialization
addressreferencewillbenull
Case3:Whatifyoustillwanttosavestateofreference
object(e.gaboveaddressobject):
Ifyoumakeaddresstransientthenduringdeserializationitwillreturnnull.Butwhatifyoustillwanttohavesamestateaswhenyouhave
serializedaddressobject.Javaserializationprovidesamechnismsuchthatifyouhaveprivatemethodswithparticularsignaturethentheywill
getcalledduringserializationanddeserializationsowewilloverridewriteObjectandreadObjectmethodofemployeeclassandtheywillbe
calledduringserializationanddeserializationofEmployeeobject.
Employee.java:
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intemployeeId;
StringemployeeName;
Stringdepartment;
transientAddressaddress;
returnemployeeId;
}
}
returnemployeeName;
}
}
returndepartment;
}
}
publicAddressgetAddress(){
returnaddress;
}
publicvoidsetAddress(Addressaddress){
this.address=address;
}
privatevoidwriteObject(ObjectOutputStreamos)throwsIOException,ClassNotFoundException
{
try{
os.defaultWriteObject();
os.writeInt(address.getHomeNo());
os.writeObject(address.getStreet());
os.writeObject(address.getCity());
}
catch(Exceptione)
{e.printStackTrace();}
}
privatevoidreadObject(ObjectInputStreamis)throwsIOException,ClassNotFoundException
{
try{
is.defaultReadObject();
inthomeNo=is.readInt();
Stringstreet=(String)is.readObject();
Stringcity=(String)is.readObject();
address=newAddress(homeNo,street,city);
}catch(Exceptione){e.printStackTrace();}
}
}
OnethingshouldbekeptinmindthatObjectInputStreamshouldreaddatainsamesequenceinwhichwehavewrittendatato
ObjectOutputStream.CreateAddress.javainorg.arpit.javapostsforlearning:
Address.java:
01 packageorg.arpit.javapostsforlearning;
02 importjava.io.Serializable;
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publicclassAddress{
inthomeNo;
Stringstreet;
Stringcity;
super();
this.homeNo=homeNo;
this.street=street;
this.city=city;
}
returnhomeNo;
}
this.homeNo=homeNo;
}
returnstreet;
}
this.street=street;
}
returncity;
}
this.city=city;
}
}
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/**
*/
Addressaddress=newAddress(88,'MGroad','Pune');
emp.setAddress(address);
//Serialize
try
{
outStream.close();
fileOut.close();
{
}
//Deserialize
emp=null;
try
{
in.close();
fileIn.close();
{
return;
{
return;
}
address=emp.getAddress();
System.out.println('City:'+address.getCity());
}
}
Runit:
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Empid:101
Name:Arpit
Department:CS
City:Pune
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sonowwegotsamestateofaddressobjectasitwasbeforeserialization.
InheritanceinSerialization:
Nowwewillseehowinheritanceaffectsserialization.Sotherecanbemuliplecaseswhethersuperclassisserializableornot.Ifnotthenhow
willyouhandlethatandhowitworks.Letsseebyexample.WewillcreatePerson.javawhichwillbesuperclassofEmployee:
Case4:WhatifsuperclassisSerializable?
Ifsuperclassisserialzablethenallitssubclassesareautomaticallyserializable.
Case5:WhatifsuperclassisnotSerializable?
Ifsuperclassisnotserializablethenwehavetohandleitquitedifferently.
Ifsuperclassisnotserializablethenitmusthavenoargumentconstructor.
Person.java
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publicclassPerson{
Stringname='default';
Stringnationality;
publicPerson()
{
System.out.println('Person:Constructor');
}
publicPerson(Stringname,Stringnationality){
super();
this.name=name;
this.nationality=nationality;
}
publicStringgetName(){
returnname;
}
publicvoidsetName(Stringname){
this.name=name;
}
publicStringgetNationality(){
returnnationality;
}
publicvoidsetNationality(Stringnationality){
this.nationality=nationality;
}
CreateEmployee.javainorg.arpit.javapostsforlearning:
Employee.java:
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publicclassEmployeeextendsPersonimplementsSerializable{
intemployeeId;
Stringdepartment;
publicEmployee(intemployeeId,Stringname,Stringdepartment,Stringnationality)
{
super(name,nationality);
System.out.println('Employee:Constructor');
}
returnemployeeId;
}
}
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returndepartment;
}
}
}
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/**
*/
//Serialize
Employeeemp=newEmployee(101,'Arpit','CS','Indian');
System.out.println('Beforeserializing');
System.out.println('Name:'+emp.getName());
System.out.println('Nationality:'+emp.getNationality());
System.out.println('************');
System.out.println('Serializing');
try
{
outStream.close();
fileOut.close();
{
}
//Deserialize
System.out.println('************');
System.out.println('Deserializing');
emp=null;
try
{
in.close();
fileIn.close();
{
return;
{
return;
}
System.out.println('Afterserializing');
System.out.println('Name:'+emp.getName());
System.out.println('Nationality:'+emp.getNationality());
}
}
Runit:
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IfsuperclassisnotSerializablethenallvaluesoftheinstancevariablesinheritedfromsuperclasswillbeinitializedbycallingconstructorof
NonSerializableSuperclassduringdeserializationprocess.Soherenameisinheritedfrompersonsoduringdeserialization,nameisinitialized
todefault.
Case6WhatifsuperclassisSerializablebutyoudontwant
subclasstobeSerializable
IfyoudontwantsubclasstoserializablethenyouneedtoimplementwriteObject()andreadObject()methodandneedtothrow
NotSerializableExceptionfromthismethods.
Case7CanyouSerializestaticvariables?
No,youcant.Asyouknowstaticvariableareatclasslevelnotatobjectlevelandyouserializeaobjectsoyoucantserializestaticvariables.
Summary:
SerializationisthetranslationofyourJavaobjectsvalues/statestobytestosenditovernetworkorsaveit.Onotherhand,Deserializationis
conversionofbytecodetocorrespondingjavaobjects.
GoodthingaboutSerializationisentireprocessisJVMindependent,meaninganobjectcanbeserializedononeplatformanddeserialized
onanentirelydifferentplatform.\
IfyouwanttoserializeanyclassthenitmustimplementSerializableinterfacewhichismarkerinterface.
MarkerinterfaceinJavaisinterfacewithnofieldormethodsorinsimplewordemptyinterfaceinjavaiscalledmarkerinterface
serialVersionUIDisusedtoensurethatsameobject(ThatwasusedduringSerialization)isloadedduringDeserialization.serialVersionUID
isusedforversioncontrolofobject.
WhenyouserializeanyobjectandifitcontainanyotherobjectreferencethenJavaserializationserializethatobjectsentireobjectgraph.
Ifyoudontwanttoserializeanyfield,thenmakeittrasient.
IfsuperclassisSerializablethenitssubclassesareautomaticallySerializable.
IfsuperclassisnotSerializablethenallvaluesoftheinstancevariablesinheritedfromsuperclasswillbeinitializedbycallingconstructorof
NonSerializableSuperclassduringdeserializationprocess.
IfyoudontwantsubclasstoserializablethenyouneedtoimplementwriteObject()andreadObject()methodandneedtothrow
NotSerializableExceptionfromthismethods.
Youcantserializestaticvariables.
Reference:SerializationinjavafromourJCGpartnerArpitMandliyaattheJavaframeworksanddesignpatternsforbeginners
blog.
Taggedwith:
SERIALIZATION
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13 COMMENTS
AbhijeetRai
October25th,2013at2:03pm
ExcellentpostArpit!!Itstooverbose,infact.Canyoupleaseelaboratethecase3.WhenexactlythewriteObject/readObjectmethods
arecalled.Because,weareassumingthatwehaveonlyonetransientvariableAddress.Whatifwehavesomeothertransientvariable
saySupervisor(intempId,Stringname).?HowwillweserializetheEmployeeobject.Thanksinadvance.
10/13
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Serializationinjava
Reply
Rajeshhalder
November23rd,2013at8:27pm
thankyouitwasveryhelpful.afterlongtimeibecameabletounderstandabouttheserializationandallofthat.thanksones
more
Reply
NitinRamachandra
October27th,2014at6:11pm
Kudosman..!!!!Youvedoneagreatjobbyspecifyingcertainthingsinaveryprecisemanner.Aonestopforallthenecessary
informationonSerializationinJava..!!!
Reply
JAVA
October29th,2014at10:58am
Awesomepost!!!!!
Reply
ChetanPatel
December17th,2014at2:22pm
verynicelyexplained,bravo.
Reply
DilipSinghVirk
January4th,2015at2:16pm
Hi,
Youexplainedverywellaboutserializationprocessinjavaitjustclearedmydouts.
Thanks
Reply
Akash
February20th,2015at9:53am
HiArpit,
Indeedexcellentpost,HoweverImstillnotabletofindtheanswerwhichanintervieweraskedtome(relatedtoJavaSerialization)and
Icouldntconvincehim.Ivesearchedmanyblogsbutnotgettinganyleads.
IntervieweraskedmeLetsayyouhaveaEmployeeclasshaving3properties(name,company,salary)wheresalaryistransient
variable.WhenyouserializeEmployeeobject,salarywillnotbestoredintoserializedfilewhichcanbeevidentbyinspectingthefile
(althoughthecontentofthefilewillbebinarybutyoucanseeseethepropertynameinsideitandsurelyyouwontseesalarythere).
NowwhenyoudeserializedthisEmployeeobjectbackandtrytogetthevalueofname,companyandsalaryyouwillgetthenullvalue
forsalaryasexpected.Myquestionishowyoucanevenrefertheattribute(e.g.salary)whichwasnotthereinserializedfile,Asthere
wasnoexistenceofsalaryfieldinreturnedemployeeobjectduringdeserializationprocesssodontyouthinkyoushouldget
NullPointerExceptionratherthanNull?
ThoughIwasprettyconfidentthattransientfieldnevergetstoredandtryingtogetthevalueofthisvalueindeserializedobjectwill
returnnullbutIwasnotabletologicallyanswerwhyitshouldntgiveNullPointerExceptionrathernullvalue.
IamsureImmissingsomethingbutnotabletogetwhereImwrong:(
Reply
Venkitesh
June18th,2015at8:32pm
WhatIunderstoodisthatyouareserializingthewholeobjectwithaconditionthatthetransientvariablesvalueshouldnotbe
takenwith.Thatsthereasonwhywegetanull.ButIdontknowwhyyouthoughtthatthereshouldbeanullpointerexception
thatshouldcomeup.Becausewhiledeserialization,yougettheemployeeobjectwhichisnotnull.Soadotoperatoronanon
nullobjectwillnotdefinitelygiveyouanullpointerexception.
Eg:udeserializetheobjecttogetEmployeeempwhichisnotnull.
emp.getsalaryoremp.getnameorwhateverwillnotgiveuanullpointeraspermyunderstanding.
Reply
kdj
March9th,2015at5:58pm
everyexampleofserializingistoafile.iwanttoserializemyobject(implementsserializable)toaString.(pleasedontaskwhyor
offeralternatives)Idonthaveaccesstothetostringcodefortheobject.
Cananyonepostexamplecodeforthis??
Reply
11/13
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raji
May1st,2015at6:05am
IbelievetheCase1isNOTtrue.TheAddressshouldimplementserializableinordertoserializetheEmployeeobj.Itesteditinmy
machine.
Reply
Venkitesh
Right..Theexamplealreadysaysthat.Buteitherthedescriptionofcase1orexamplehasgonewrong.
Reply
Venkitesh
YesTheabovesaidcommentistrue.Boththecase1descriptionandtheexamplecontradictstoeachother.
Couldyoumakeitclearandcorrect?
Anywayawonderfuleffort.
Reply
pramodvidyagar
July16th,2015at4:13pm
HI,
ThatsaverynicedocumentonSerialization.
PleaseaddwriteReplaceandreadResolvemethodsalsotomakeitcomplete.
Reply
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