Title of the project:

Technological devices which are

suitable for overcoming the
limitations of sight and hearing

NAME : NUR ATHIRAH BT MD YUSUF

CLASS : 2 AL-KHAZIN
TEACHER : PUAN. SURIA
NOMAK : 113/010

Humans have sight and hearing

limitation. Without any devices, our sight
and hearing was limited. Most of the
limitation of sight can be overcome with
the help of certain optical instruments
such as magnifying glass, microscope,
binoculars and others. The range of
frequency of hearing in human 20 Hz to
20 000 Hz. It was different according to
the age of a person. Hearing limitations
can be overcome by using devices such
as microphone, stethoscope, earphone
and PA system. All of these devices help
us to make our live easier.

THEWORLD THROUGH
OUR SENCES
LIMITATION OF SIGHT

 DEVICES USED TO OVERCOME

THE LIMITATIONS OF SIGHT

understanding
light and sight

objective of the
project

state the devices used to

overcome the limitation
of sight

blind
spot

not
able to
see too
distant
objects

optical
illusion

cannot
see
throug
h
opaque
objects

Limitation
of sight
for human

able to
see too
tiny
Optical Illusion objects
WHAT WE SEE DEPENTS NOT ONLY
ON YOUR EYES ,BUT ALSO ON
YOUR BRAIN .SOMETIMES THE
BRAIN DISTORTS IMAGES .THIS
GIVES RISE TO OPTICAL
ILLUSION.THE IMAGE FORMED IN
THE EYE IS ACCURATE BUT THE
BRAIN PLAYS A TRICKS ON US
AND MAKES THE IMAGE
MISLEADING.

The blind spot

WHEN IMAGES FALL ON THE
BLIND SPOT,THEY CANNOT
BEEN SEE.THIS IS BECAUSE

THERE ARE NO
PHOTORECEPTORS ON IT.

stereosco
pic
vision

Limitation
of sight for
animal
monocul
ar vision

CHARACTERIS
TIC

STEREOSCOPIC
VISION

MONOCULAR
VISION

FIELD OF
VISION

OVERLAPPING
VISUAL FIELD

ADVANTAGES

TYPES OF
ANIMAL

EXAMPLE OF
ANIMALS

OVERLAP

HAVE A LITTLE OR
NO OVERLAPPING

1.EACH EYE SEES A

SLIGHTLY
DIFFERENT IMAGE

1.HAVE A WIDE
FIELD OF
VISION

2.TO JUGDE
DISTANCE
ACCURATELY

2.DETECTS THEIR
ENEMIES
FROM A WIDE
RANGE OF
DIRECTIONS

PREDATORS

PREY

TIGERS,WOLVES,OW DERRS,CHICKENS.
LS
RABBITS

OPTICAL INTRUMENTS

OPTICAL
INTRUMENTS USED
TO OVERCOME THE
LIMITATION OF
SIGHT

Microscope

To see object that are too small

for the naked eye.
Invented in 1625 by Zacharias
Janssen in Netherlands.
Optical microscope (the first
invented), have one/more
lenses that are refractive
glass and occasionally of
plastic to focus light into the
or another light detector.

Telescope

 To see far-off objects such as

stars and planets.
Ivented in 1605 by Hans
Lippershey.
The first known practical
telescope were invented in
Netherlands.
An instruments that aids in the
observation of
remote objects by collecting
electromagnetic
radiation.

Binoculars

To see tiny distant objects such

as birds in the sky.
Invented in 1825 by J.P Lemiere.
A pair of identical or mirrorsymmetrical telescope
mounted side by side aligned
to point accurately
in the same direction allowing
the viewer to use both
eyes when viewing distant
object.

MAGNIFYING GLASS
To make tiny objects appear
larger than the original.
Invented in 1250 by Roger
Bacon.
Convex lens that is used to
produce a magnified
image of an object.
Also called a hand lens in a
laboratory contexts.

Ultrasound machine
To scan and see the foetus in a
pregnant mother.
Invented in 1957 by DR. Lan
Donald.
A cyclic sound pressure wave
with frequency
greather than the upper limit
of the human hearing
range.

Periscope
To see a view beyond and
obstracting object.
Invented in 1450 by Johannes
Gutenberg.
An instrument foe observation
from a concealed
position.
Consist of an outer case with
mirrors at each other at
45 degree angle.

X-ray machine

To see the internal organs or to

inspect baggages at
the airports.
Invented in 1895 by Wilhelm
Conrad Rontgen.
These devices are commonly
used by
radiographers.

Sight is very
important for human
being and animal to
ensure their
survival.With
sight,human being

and animals can

differentiate danger
from other animals
and enemies from the
face reaction or
action.

THEWORLD THROUGH
OUR SENCES

 LIMITATION OF HEARING

DEVICES USED TO OVERCOME

THE LIMITATIONS OF HEARING

Understanding
sound
and
hearing

OBJECTIVE OF
THE PROJECT

State the devices used to

overcome the limitation of
hearing
Limitation of hearing
A person with normal senses of hearing can
only detect sounds between 20 Hz and
20 000 Hz (hertz).

Different people have different ranges of

hearing.As we grow older,our range of
hearing decreases.
There is also the limit to how far our ear is
able to hear sounds from a distance.
We also cannot hear very soft sound like our
heartbeat.

The limitations of hearing can be overcome

by using hearing aids.

Hearing devices

Devices used to
overcome
the limitation of

Hearing.

stethoscope
Helps doctors to detect soft
heartbeat of patients.
Invented in 1816 by Rene
Laennes at the Necker-Enfants
Malades Hospital in
Paris,France.
It is an acoustic medical for
auscultation or listening to
internal sounds of an animal or
human body.

Mega phone
Used to amplify a persons voice
or other sound and direct
it in a given direction.
Invented in 1655 by Samuel
Morland and Athanasius
Kircher.
Boosts a weak sounds and
increases the volume of the
sound.

Ear phone
Collects and amplifies sounds
before sending them to the
middle ear.
Invented in 1910 by Nathaniel
Baldwin in Stratford,
Ontario ,Canada.
They provide hardly any acoustic
isolation and leave room
for ambient noise to seep in
user may turn up the volume

dangerously high to
compensate,at the risk of
causing
hearing loss.

Public address
system
Amplified voices so that they
can be heared from far away.

Invented by Edwin Jensen and

Peter Pridham.
The term is also used for
systems which may additionally
have a mixing consale and
amplifiers and loudspeakers.

HEARING AIDS
Attached to the ears ( Open-Ear-Fitting/OEF )

Hearing aids are small and thin wires connected to the

receiver ( receiver) that directs sound into the ear .
- Comfortable and small
- Sound is more natural and less clogging
- Appearance of stylish and colorful
- Suitable for mild hearing impairment and moderate

Behind the ear ( Behind -The- Ear / BTE )

This hearing curved and placed behind each ear. The
sound delivered through a tube into the ear canal .
- High amplification to help problem hearing mild to very
severe levels
- Size larger and easier to use , especially for those who
have difficulty handling small objects
- The battery life is much longer

In Ear / In ear canal ( In-The- Ear (ITE ) / In-The- Canal

(ITC )
Made with a special ear mold and fitted comfortably in
the outer ear or ear canal
- The sound directly into the ear for ensure optimum
performance

- Safe and comfortable in the outer ear

- Suitable for moderate hearing to severe levels

Hearimg ensure
human being can
enjoy difference type
of sounds such as
wind blowing,bird
singing,wolf
howling,dog barking
and ect.