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Plane Strain Tension

4/16/13 11:34 AM

D:\My Documents\Courses\ME342-Inela...\plane_strain_uniaxial.m

% ME342 Theory and Applications of Inelasticity

% Wei Cai, caiwei@stanford.edu
%
% Example: plane strain uniaxial loading
% Material parameters
mu = 100;
nu = 0.3;
sig_Y = 1;

% shear modulus
% Poisson's ratio
% yield stress

K = 2*mu*(1+nu)/3/(1-2*nu); % bulk modulus

E = 2*mu*(1+nu);
% Young's modulus
k = sig_Y/sqrt(3);
% condition at yield
sig_xx = sig_Y/sqrt(nu^2-nu+1); % see HW 1.1(a)
sig_yy = 0;
sig_zz = nu*sig_xx;
% hydrostatic stress
sig_bar
= (sig_xx + sig_yy + sig_zz)/3;
% deviatoric stress
s_xx = sig_xx - sig_bar;
s_yy = sig_yy - sig_bar;
s_zz = sig_zz - sig_bar;
J2 = (s_xx^2 + s_yy^2 + s_zz^2)/2;
% strain
eps_xx =
eps_yy =
eps_zz =

% J2 should equal k^2 at yield

(elastic at onset of yield)

sig_bar/(3*K) + s_xx/(2*mu);
sig_bar/(3*K) + s_yy/(2*mu);
sig_bar/(3*K) + s_zz/(2*mu);

% strain array (going beyond yield point)

eps_xx_data = eps_xx + [0:120]*1e-4;
% initialize arrays to store results
sig_xx_data = zeros(size(eps_xx_data));
sig_zz_data = zeros(size(eps_xx_data));
lambda_dt_over_2mu_data = zeros(size(eps_xx_data));
s_xx_data = zeros(size(eps_xx_data));
s_yy_data = zeros(size(eps_xx_data));
s_zz_data = zeros(size(eps_xx_data));
J2_data = zeros(size(eps_xx_data));
% the first data
sig_xx_data(1) =
sig_zz_data(1) =
s_xx_data(1)
=
s_yy_data(1)
=
s_zz_data(1)
=

point is the yield point considered above

sig_xx;
sig_zz;
s_xx;
s_yy;
s_zz;

7
1 of 3

Plane Strain Tension

4/16/13 11:34 AM
J2_data(1)

D:\My Documents\Courses\ME342-Inela...\plane_strain_uniaxial.m

= J2;

for i = 2:length(eps_xx_data),
param = [mu, nu, k, sig_xx_data(i-1), sig_zz_data(i-1), ...
eps_xx_data(i-1), eps_xx_data(i)];
%options = optimset('Display','iter','TolFun',1e-10);
options = optimset('Display','off','TolFun',1e-10);
trial = [sig_xx_data(i-1), sig_zz_data(i-1), 0];
sol = fsolve('eqns_plane_strain_uniaxial_plast', trial, options, param);
sig_xx = sol(1); sig_zz = sol(2); lambda_dt_over_2mu = sol(3);
% compute hydrostatic stress and deviatoric stress
sig_bar = (sig_xx + sig_zz)/3;
s_xx = sig_xx - sig_bar;
s_yy = sig_yy - sig_bar;
s_zz = sig_zz - sig_bar;
J2 = (s_xx^2 + s_yy^2 + s_zz^2)/2;
% save results to array
sig_xx_data(i) = sig_xx; sig_zz_data(i) = sig_zz;
lambda_dt_over_2mu_data(i) = lambda_dt_over_2mu;
s_xx_data(i) = s_xx; s_yy_data(i) = s_yy; s_zz_data(i) = s_zz;
J2_data(i) = J2;
end
% plot solution
% plot stress
figure(1);
subplot(3,1,1);
plot(eps_xx_data, sig_xx_data, '.-');
xlabel('\epsilon_{xx}');
ylabel('\sigma_{xx}');
subplot(3,1,2);
plot([0 eps_xx_data], [0 sig_zz_data], '.-');
xlabel('\epsilon_{xx}');
ylabel('\sigma_{zz}');
subplot(3,1,3);
plot([0 eps_xx_data], [nu sig_zz_data./sig_xx_data], '.-');
xlabel('\epsilon_{xx}');
ylabel('\sigma_{zz} / \sigma_{xx}');
% plot deviatoric stress
figure(2);
subplot(3,1,1);
plot(eps_xx_data, s_xx_data, '.-');
xlabel('\epsilon_{xx}');
ylabel('s_{xx}');
subplot(3,1,2);
plot(eps_xx_data, s_yy_data, '.-');
xlabel('\epsilon_{xx}');
ylabel('s_{yy}');

8
2 of 3

4/16/13 11:34 AM

Plane Strain Tension

D:\My Documents\Courses\ME342-Inela...\plane_strain_uniaxial.m

3 of 3

subplot(3,1,3);
plot(eps_xx_data, s_zz_data, '.-');
xlabel('\epsilon_{xx}');
ylabel('s_{zz}');
% plot lambda_dt_over_2mu and J2 (should equal k^2)
figure(3);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(eps_xx_data, [NaN lambda_dt_over_2mu_data(2:end)], '.-');
xlabel('\epsilon_{xx}');
ylabel('\lambda \Delta t / (2\mu)');
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(eps_xx_data, J2_data, '.-');
xlabel('\epsilon_{xx}');
ylabel('J_2');
ylim([0.9 1.1]*k^2);

4/15/13 12:42 AM

Plane Strain Tension

10

D:\My Documents\Courses\...\eqns_plane_strain_uniaxial_plast.m

1 of 2

% ME342 Theory and Applications of Inelasticity

% Wei Cai, caiwei@stanford.edu
%
% equations to be solved by plane_strain_uniaxial.m
function F = eqns_plane_strain_uniaxial_plast(vars, param)
% F(1): eps_xx_tot (specified)
% F(2): eps_zz_tot = 0
% F(3): yield condition
sig_xx = vars(1);
sig_zz = vars(2);
lambda_dt_over_2mu = vars(3);
sig_yy = 0;
mu = param(1);
nu = param(2);
k = param(3);
sig_xx_0 = param(4);
sig_zz_0 = param(5);
sig_yy_0 = 0;
eps_xx_0 = param(6); % total strain at previous time step
eps_xx
= param(7); % total strain at current time step
eps_zz_0 = 0;
eps_zz
= 0;
K = 2*mu*(1+nu)/3/(1-2*nu); % bulk modulus
% change of stress
dsig_xx = sig_xx - sig_xx_0;
dsig_yy = sig_yy - sig_yy_0;
dsig_zz = sig_zz - sig_zz_0;
dsig_bar = (dsig_xx + dsig_yy + dsig_zz)/3;
ds_xx = dsig_xx - dsig_bar;
ds_yy = dsig_yy - dsig_bar;
ds_zz = dsig_zz - dsig_bar;
% increment of elastic strain
deps_elast_xx = dsig_bar/(3*K) + ds_xx/(2*mu);
deps_elast_yy = dsig_bar/(3*K) + ds_yy/(2*mu);
deps_elast_zz = dsig_bar/(3*K) + ds_zz/(2*mu);
% hydrostaic stress
sig_bar
= (sig_xx + sig_yy + sig_zz)/3;
sig_bar_0 = (sig_xx_0 + sig_yy_0 + sig_zz_0)/3;
% deviatoric stress
s_xx = sig_xx - sig_bar;
s_yy = sig_yy - sig_bar;
s_zz = sig_zz - sig_bar;

4/15/13 12:42 AM

Plane Strain Tension

11

D:\My Documents\Courses\...\eqns_plane_strain_uniaxial_plast.m

2 of 2

s_xx_0 = sig_xx_0 - sig_bar_0;

s_yy_0 = sig_yy_0 - sig_bar_0;
s_zz_0 = sig_zz_0 - sig_bar_0;
% average deviatoric stress
ave_s_xx = (s_xx + s_xx_0)/2;
ave_s_yy = (s_yy + s_yy_0)/2;
ave_s_zz = (s_zz + s_zz_0)/2;
% increment of plastic strain
deps_plast_xx = lambda_dt_over_2mu * ave_s_xx;
deps_plast_yy = lambda_dt_over_2mu * ave_s_yy;
deps_plast_zz = lambda_dt_over_2mu * ave_s_zz;
% construct equation
F = [0 0 0]';
% total strain in xx
F(1) = (eps_xx_0 + deps_elast_xx + deps_plast_xx) - eps_xx;
% total strain in zz
F(2) = (eps_zz_0 + deps_elast_zz + deps_plast_zz) - eps_zz;
% yield condition
J2 = (s_xx^2 + s_yy^2 + s_zz^2)/2;
F(3) = J2 - k^2;

1.18

Plane Strain Tension

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Plane Strain Tension

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4/26/13 1:42 PM

D:\My Documents\Courses\ME342-Inelas...\torsion_plast_example.m

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% 2D Cylinder Example: Torsion with plasticity using triangular elements
%
% Wei Cai caiwei@stanford.edu
% William Kuykendall wpkuyken@stanford.edu
%
% adapted from FeCalc.m written by Peter Pinsky pinsky@stanford.edu
% universal meshing from Michael Hunsweck
%
% First Adapted 01/03/2013
%
% Last Modified 04/22/2013
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% Part 1: Set simulation parameters
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%clear;
global nNodes nElements Coord u IEN K F Nxe Nye EBC ID g penalty_factor
nDoF = 1;
% number of degrees of freedom
nDim = 2;
% number of dimensions
% L: [l w pl pw]
%
l, w:
domain length and width [m]
%
pl, pw: density of triangles along length and width
% Circular cylinder [x0 y0 r]--[center coordinates, radius] [m m m]
%shape = 'circle'; L = [0.8 0.8 10 10]; c = [0 0 0.2];
% Elliptical cylinder [x0 y0 a b]--[(x-x0)/a]^2+[(y-y0)/b]^2=1
%shape = 'ellipse'; L = [1.3 1.3 10 10]; c = [0 0 0.6 0.2];
% Rectangular rod [x0 y0 a b]-- [x_center, y_center, length, width]
%shape = 'rectangle'; L = [0.4 0.4 5 5]; c = [0 0 0.4 0.4];
shape = 'rectangle'; L = [0.6 0.4 5 5]; c = [0 0 0.6 0.4];
E = 200e9;
nu = 0.32;
mu = E/(2*(1+nu));% shear modulus [ N/m^2 ]
tau_max = 4.0e6; % maximum shear stress
%beta
= 3.5e-4;
% twist per unit length [1/m]
beta
= 4e-4;
% twist per unit length [1/m]
% options for solving plasticity problem by iteration
Niter = 2000; dt = 5e6; plotfreq = 100; penalty_factor = 2e-14;
% set axis limits for plotting
if strcmp(shape,'circle')
clim = c(3);
elseif strcmp(shape,'ellipse')
clim = max(c(3:4));
elseif strcmp(shape,'rectangle')
clim = max(c(3:4))/2;
else
fprintf('Unrecognized shape for plotting.\n');
clim = 1;

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D:\My Documents\Courses\ME342-Inelas...\torsion_plast_example.m

end
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% Part 2: Generate Mesh, Initialize Arrays, Set Up Boundary Conditions
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Step 1: Generate solution mesh
[Coord,IEN,c,shape]
= CreateMesh(L,c,shape); % Generates the mesh
IEN = IEN';
nNodes
= size(Coord,1);
% Number of nodes
nElements
= size(IEN,2);
% Number of elements
nNodesElement = size(IEN,1);
% Number of nodes per element
nEdgesElement = 3;
% Number of edges per element
% Step 2: Set Tolerance for detecting boundary nodes
boundary_tol = 1e-8;
onSurface = logical(zeros(1,nNodes));
% Step 3: Allocate Arrays
C
= spalloc(nElements,nDoF,nElements);
f
= spalloc(nElements,nDoF,nElements);
g
= spalloc(nNodes,nDoF,round(nNodes/4));
EBC = spalloc(nNodes,nDoF,round(nNodes/4));
% Step 4: Set Essential Boundary Condition
% Step 4.1: Get coordinates of all nodes
X = Coord(:,1);
% x-position of all nodes
Y = Coord(:,2);
% y-position of all nodes
% Step 4.2: Define essential boundary condition value(s)
T = [ 0 ]; % Traction
% Step 4.3: Set g, EBC for all nodes on the surface
% Step 4.3a: Find all nodes on external surface
if strcmp(shape,'circle')
% distance squared of node from circle center
D2 = (X-c(1)).^2 + (Y-c(2)).^2;
onSurface = (D2 >= c(3)^2-boundary_tol);
elseif strcmp(shape,'ellipse')
% distance squared of node from ellipse center
D2 = ((X-c(1))/c(3)).^2 + ((Y-c(2))/c(4)).^2;
onSurface = (D2 >= 1-boundary_tol);
elseif strcmp(shape,'rectangle')
for ii = 1:nNodes
onSurface(ii) = abs(X(ii)-c(1))>(c(3)/2-boundary_tol) ...
|| abs(Y(ii)-c(2))>(c(4)/2-boundary_tol) ;
end
else
error('Code should not get here. Shape should have been set.\n');
end
% Adjust the interior mesh coords
[newCoord] = AdjustMesh(Coord, IEN, onSurface, 200, 0e-1, 200);
Coord = newCoord;

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D:\My Documents\Courses\ME342-Inelas...\torsion_plast_example.m

% Step 4.3b: Set g, EBC for node on surface

EBC(onSurface) = 1;
g(onSurface)
= T;
% Step 5: Define the Natural Boundary Condition
% Step 5.1: Allocate h array
h = spalloc(nEdgesElement,nElements,round(nElements/4));
% In this problem there is not any natural boundary condition applied
% Step 6: Define the Load Value (often RHS of equation you are solving)
% Step 1: Set f for all elements
f(:) = 0.1;
f(:) = 10;
f(:) = 1;
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% Part 3: Create Destination Array (ID) and Location Matrix (LM)
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Step 1: Create Data Processing Arrays
% Step 1.1: Allocate arrays
ID = zeros(nNodes,nDoF)';
% Destination Array: ID(A) = P if A is not on essential boundary
%
0 if A is on the essential boundary
%
index is global node number (A)
%
result is global equation number (P)
LM = zeros(nNodesElement*nDoF,nElements);
% Location Matrix: P = LM(a,e)
%
row is degree of freedom (a)
%
column is element number (e)
%
result is global equation number (P)
% Step 1.2: Populate ID Array
I = full(EBC' == 0);
% Creates logical indexing array
nEquations = sum(sum(I));
% Count number of DoF's
ID(I) = 1:nEquations;
% Assign Equation numbers
ID
= ID';
% Step 1.3: Populate LM Array
P
= ID(IEN,:)';
LM(:) = P(:);
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% Part 4: Assembly of K and F Matrices
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Step 1: Allocate K and F
K = spalloc(nEquations,nEquations,20*nDoF*nEquations);
F = spalloc(nEquations,1,nEquations);
% Step 2: Assemble K and F
% Step 2.1: Compute element contributiontions
for e = 1:nElements
% Step 2.2: Get coordinates of element nodes
x = Coord(IEN(:,e),1);
y = Coord(IEN(:,e),2);
% Step 2.3: Define Shorthand

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D:\My Documents\Courses\ME342-Inelas...\torsion_plast_example.m

4 of 8

x12 = x(1) - x(2); x23 = x(2) - x(3); x31 = x(3) - x(1);

y12 = y(1) - y(2); y23 = y(2) - y(3); y31 = y(3) - y(1);
% Step 2.4: Compute element Jacobian
J_e = [ -x31, x23; -y31 y23 ];
% Step 2.5: Compute element size
elementSize = 0.5*det(J_e);
Ae = elementSize;
%==================================================================
% Subsection 1: Computation of k_e
%==================================================================
% For isotropic case.
k_e = 1/(4*2*mu*beta*Ae)* ...
[y23^2+x23^2,
y23*y31+x23*x31,
y23*y12+x23*x12;
y23*y31+x23*x31,
y31^2+x31^2,
y31*y12+x31*x12;
y23*y12+x23*x12,
y31*y12+x31*x12,
y12^2+x12^2];
%==================================================================
% Subsection 2: Computation of f_e
%==================================================================
ff = f(IEN(1,e));
f_e = ff*Ae/3*[1;1;1];
%==================================================================
% Subsection 3: Computation of f_g
%==================================================================
g_e = g(IEN(:,e));
f_g = -k_e*g_e;
%==================================================================
% Subsection 4: Computation of f_h
%==================================================================
% Step 4.1a: Edge load intensity (homogeneous boundary)
f_h = h(:,e);
% Step 4.1b: Edge load intensity (non-homogeneous boundary)
l12 = sqrt(x12^2 + y12^2);
l23 = sqrt(x23^2 + y23^2);
l31 = sqrt(x31^2 + y31^2);
h_e = h(:,e);
f_h = h_e(1)*l12/2*[1;1;0] + h_e(2)*l23/2*[0;1;1] + h_e(3)*l31/2*[1;0;1];
%==================================================================
% End of Subsections
%==================================================================
% Step 2.6: Get Global equation numbers
P = LM(:,e);
% Step 2.7: Eliminate Essential DOFs
I = (P ~= 0);
P = P(I);
% Step 2.8: Insert k_e, f_e, f_g, f_h
K(P,P) = K(P,P) + k_e(I,I);
F(P)
= F(P) + f_e(I) + f_g(I) + f_h(I);
end
% Global matrices for computing spatial gradients and area of elements
Nxe = zeros(nElements,nNodes); Nye = zeros(nElements,nNodes); Ae = zeros(nElements,1);

4/26/13 1:42 PM

D:\My Documents\Courses\ME342-Inelas...\torsion_plast_example.m

for e = 1:nElements
% Get element coordinates
xe = Coord(IEN(:,e),1);
ye = Coord(IEN(:,e),2);
% Define Shorthand
x12 = xe(1) - xe(2); x23 = xe(2) - xe(3); x31 = xe(3) - xe(1);
y12 = ye(1) - ye(2); y23 = ye(2) - ye(3); y31 = ye(3) - ye(1);
% Area of a triangle:
Ae(e) = (xe(1)*(ye(2)-ye(3))+xe(2)*(ye(3)-ye(1))+xe(3)*(ye(1)-ye(2)))/2;
% Compute element jacobian
J_e = [ -x31, x23; -y31 y23 ];
% Calculate natural derivatives of N1,N2,N3
N1es = 0; N2es = 1; N3es = -1;
N1er = 1; N2er = 0; N3er = -1;
d_Nrs = [N1er N1es; N2er N2es; N3er N3es];
d_Nxy = d_Nrs/J_e;
Nxe(e,IEN(:,e)) = d_Nxy(:,1)';
Nye(e,IEN(:,e)) = d_Nxy(:,2)';
end
% compute volume contribution from each node
for ii = 1:nNodes
[row,col] = find(IEN == ii);
V_ave(ii)= sum(Ae(col))/3; % 3 for triangular elements
end
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% Part 5: Compute Finite Element Solution (including plasticity)
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Step 1: Solve elasticity problem
d_slash = K\F;
% Step 2: Solve plasticity problem by
% minimize (0.5*d'*K*d - F'*d)_in_elast_region + (penalty)_in_plast_region
% using steepest descent algorithm
% Plast_region is defined for nodes on elements whose slope exceeds tau_max
% Elast_region is defined for remaining nodes
% For nodes in Plast_region, the (elastic) gradient
% from (0.5*d'*K*d - F'*d) term is set to zero, and the gradient from
% penalty function = (tau^2-tau_max^2)*penalty_factor is added.
% initialize d from elasticity solution (scaled)
if ~exist('d')
d = d_slash*0.25;
end
I = (EBC == 0); u = zeros(size(g)); tau_max2 = tau_max^2;
for iter = 1:Niter,
% grad is the residual of Poisson's equation
grad = K*d - F;
u(I) = d(ID(I)); u(~I) = g(~I);
dxe = Nxe*u; dye = Nye*u;

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D:\My Documents\Courses\ME342-Inelas...\torsion_plast_example.m

% total torque
Torque = 2*dot(V_ave, u);
% find elements whose slope exceeds tau_max
tau2 = (dxe).^2+(dye).^2;
element_factor = (tau2 >= tau_max2);
ind_e = find(element_factor);
id_in_elements = reshape(ID(IEN(:,ind_e)),length(ind_e)*3,1);
non_zero_entries = find(id_in_elements>0);
% for these elements, set the residual term from Poisson's equation to zero
grad(id_in_elements(non_zero_entries)) = 0;
% for elements whose slope exceeds tau_max, add penalty function
penalty = sum( (tau2-tau_max2).*element_factor ) * penalty_factor;
dpenalty_du = zeros(size(u)); dpenalty = zeros(size(d));
for e = 1:nElements,
if element_factor(e)
% derivative of slope wrt nodal value
dpenalty_du = dpenalty_du + ...
(2*(Nxe(e,:)*u)*Nxe(e,:)' + 2*(Nye(e,:)*u)*Nye(e,:)');
end
end
dpenalty_du = dpenalty_du * penalty_factor;
dpenalty(ID(I)) = dpenalty_du(I);
grad = grad + dpenalty;
% move d in the steepest descent direction
d = d - grad*dt;
% plot intermediate results during minimization
if (mod(iter,plotfreq)==0)
disp(sprintf('iter = %d/%d Torque = %e sum(d) = %e norm(grad) = %e', ...
iter,Niter,Torque,sum(d),norm(grad)));
figure(1)
x = Coord;
T = trisurf(IEN',x(:,1),x(:,2),u);
xlim([-clim clim]); ylim([-clim clim]);
figure(3)
for ii = 1:nNodes
[row,col] = find(IEN == ii);
du_ave(ii,1)= mean(dxe(col,:),1);
du_ave(ii,2)= mean(dye(col,:),1);
end;
T = trisurf(IEN',x(:,1),x(:,2),sqrt(du_ave(:,2).^2+du_ave(:,1).^2));
xlim([-clim clim]); ylim([-clim clim]);
drawnow
end
end
% Step 3: Arrange results (d) into solution vector (u)

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4/26/13 1:42 PM

D:\My Documents\Courses\ME342-Inelas...\torsion_plast_example.m

u = zeros(nNodes,nDoF);
I
= (EBC == 0);
u(I) = d(ID(I));
u(~I) = g(~I);
Torque = 2*dot(V_ave, u);
% Step 4: Create coordinate array
x = Coord;
% Step 5: compute average slope on nodes
for ii = 1:nNodes
[row,col] = find(IEN == ii);
du_ave(ii,1)= mean(dxe(col,:),1);
du_ave(ii,2)= mean(dye(col,:),1);
end;
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% Part 6: Plotting
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Step 1: Plot Prandtl's stress function (u, i.e. phi)
figure(1)
T = trisurf(IEN',x(:,1),x(:,2),u);
title('Torsion: Prandtl Stress Function',...
'Interpreter','Latex','FontSize',12);
xlabel('$x$','Interpreter','Latex','FontSize',12);
ylabel('$y$','Interpreter','Latex','FontSize',12);
zlabel('$\phi$','Interpreter','Latex','FontSize',12);
set(gca,'FontSize',8);
axis([-clim clim -clim clim 0 max(u*1.1)])
co = colorbar;
set(co,'FontSize',8);
colormap jet
shading interp
set(T,'EdgeColor','k');
% Step 2: Plot sigma_xz and sigma_yz (gradient of u)
figure(2)
subplot(2,1,1)
T = trisurf(IEN',x(:,1),x(:,2),du_ave(:,2));
axis equal
axis([-clim clim -clim clim])
view([0 90])
title('FE Solution for $\sigma_{xz}$',...
'Interpreter','Latex','FontSize',12);
xlabel('$x$','Interpreter','Latex','FontSize',12);
ylabel('$y$','Interpreter','Latex','FontSize',12);
zlabel('$\sigma_{xz}$','Interpreter','Latex','FontSize',12);
co = colorbar; set(co,'FontSize',8);
colormap jet; shading interp
set(T,'EdgeColor','k');
subplot(2,1,2)

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4/26/13 1:42 PM

D:\My Documents\Courses\ME342-Inelas...\torsion_plast_example.m

T = trisurf(IEN',x(:,1),x(:,2),-du_ave(:,1));
axis equal
axis([-clim clim -clim clim])
view([0 90])
title('FE Solution for $\sigma_{yz}$',...
'Interpreter','Latex','FontSize',12);
xlabel('$x$','Interpreter','Latex','FontSize',12);
ylabel('$y$','Interpreter','Latex','FontSize',12);
zlabel('$\sigma_{yz}$','Interpreter','Latex','FontSize',12);
co = colorbar; set(co,'FontSize',8);
colormap jet; shading interp
set(T,'EdgeColor','k');
% Step 3: Plot maximum shear stress (magnitude of gradient of u)
figure(3)
T = trisurf(IEN',x(:,1),x(:,2),sqrt(du_ave(:,2).^2+du_ave(:,1).^2));
xlim([-clim clim]); ylim([-clim clim]);
title('Torsion: Maximum Shear Stress',...
'Interpreter','Latex','FontSize',12);
xlabel('$x$','Interpreter','Latex','FontSize',12);
ylabel('$y$','Interpreter','Latex','FontSize',12);
zlabel('$\sigma_{xz}$','Interpreter','Latex','FontSize',12);
cbar = colorbar; set(cbar,'FontSize',8);
colormap jet; shading interp
set(T,'EdgeColor','k');
% Step 4: Plot contour of stress function with elast-plast boundary
figure(4);
lxi = linspace(-1,1,300);lyi = linspace(-1,1,300);[xi,yi] = meshgrid(lxi,lyi);
ui = griddata(x(:,1),x(:,2),u,xi,yi,'cubic');
dui = griddata(x(:,1),x(:,2),sqrt(du_ave(:,2).^2+du_ave(:,1).^2),xi,yi,'cubic');
[c h]=contour(xi,yi,ui,20);
hold on
c2=contourc(lxi,lyi,dui,[0.95 0.95]*tau_max,'b--');
plot(c2(1,2:end),c2(2,2:end),'r.');
hold off
title('Torsion: Prandtl Stress Function',...
'Interpreter','Latex','FontSize',12);
axis equal; axis([-clim clim -clim clim])
figure(5);
xi = linspace(-1,1,300);yi = linspace(-1,1,300);[xi,yi] = meshgrid(xi,yi);
contour(xi,yi,dui,20);
title('Torsion: Maximum Shear Stress',...
'Interpreter','Latex','FontSize',12);
axis equal; axis([-clim clim -clim clim])

8 of 8

Plastic solution
5

Torsion: Prandtl Stress Function

x 10

x 10

7
5
6
5
4

4
3
3
2
1
2
0
0.3
0.2

0.3
0.1

0.2
0

0.1
0

0.1
0.2

0.1
0.2

Torsion: Prandtl Stress Function

0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25

0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

Plastic solution
Torsion: Maximum Shear Stress

x 10
4

x 10

3.5

4.5
4

3.5
3

2.5

xz

2.5
2

1.5
1

1.5

0.5
0
0.3

0.2

0.3

0.1

0.2
0

0.5

0.1
0

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.2

FE Solution for xz
0.3

x 10
4
3

0.2

0.1

0
1

0.1

0.2

3
4

0.2 0.1

0.1

0.2

FE Solution for yz
0.3

x 10
4
3

0.2

0.1

0
1

0.1

0.2

3
4

0.2 0.1

0.1

0.2

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8
Elastic solution
0.8
num

rr

num

0.6

anl

rr

0.4

anl

/ p0

0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0

0.5

1.5
r

2.5

2
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0.5

1
0

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r

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13
Plastic solution
0
0.1

rr / (2k)

0.2

1.0

0.3
0.4

2.0
/a = 1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0

0.5
0.6
0.7
1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

r/a

1
0.9
0.8
0.7
/ (2k)

2.0

/a = 1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0

0.6
0.5
0.4

1.0

0.3
0.2
1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

r/a
0.3

2.0

0.25
0.2

zz / (2k)

0.15
0.1

1.0

0.05
0

/a = 1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0

0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
1

1.2

1.4

1.6
r/a

1.8

4/29/13 10:04 AM

D:\My Documents\Courses\ME342-Inelastic...\cylind_tube_elast.m

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% 2D Example: solve strain field in pressurized cylindrical tube
%
elastic deformation only
%
% Wei Cai caiwei@stanford.edu
% Created
03/24/2013
% Last Modified 04/29/2013
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
mu = 100;
nu = 0.3;
lambda = 2*mu*nu/(1-2*nu);
a = 1; b = 2;
dr = 0.05;
r = [a:dr:b];
p0 = 1;
eps_rr = zeros(size(r));
eps_qq = zeros(size(r));
Niter = 10000;
plotfreq = 1000; % 50;
param = [a b dr mu nu p0];
F0 = eqns_cylind_tube_elast([eps_rr, eps_qq],param);
%options = optimset('Display','iter','TolFun',1e-8);
options = optimset('Display','off','TolFun',1e-8);
sol = fsolve('eqns_cylind_tube_elast', [eps_rr, eps_qq], options, param);
eps_rr = sol(1:end/2); eps_qq = sol(end/2+1:end);
F1 = eqns_cylind_tube_elast([eps_rr, eps_qq],param);
%
%
%
%
%
%

(Alternative method using cgrelax, require gradient evaluation)

[U dU_depsrrqq] = grad_cylind_tube_elast([eps_rr, eps_qq],param);
acc = 1e-6; maxfn = 40000; dfpred = 1e-5; n = length([eps_rr, eps_qq]);
[U,eps_rrqq_rlx] = cgrelax('grad_cylind_tube_elast',n,acc,maxfn,dfpred,...
[eps_rr,eps_qq],param);
eps_rr = eps_rrqq_rlx(1:end/2); eps_qq = eps_rrqq_rlx(end/2+1:end);

% stress
sig_rr =
sig_qq =
sig_zz =

field
(lambda + 2*mu) * eps_rr + lambda * eps_qq;
(lambda + 2*mu) * eps_qq + lambda * eps_rr;
lambda * (eps_rr + eps_qq);

pp=p0*a^2/(b^2-a^2); E = 2*mu*(1+nu);
sig_rr_anl = pp*(1-b^2./r.^2);
sig_qq_anl = pp*(1+b^2./r.^2);
eps_rr_anl = (1-nu^2)/E*sig_rr_anl - nu*(1+nu)/E*sig_qq_anl;
eps_qq_anl = (1-nu^2)/E*sig_qq_anl - nu*(1+nu)/E*sig_rr_anl;

1 of 2

4/29/13 10:04 AM

D:\My Documents\Courses\ME342-Inelastic...\cylind_tube_elast.m

% plot solution
fs = 17;
figure(1);
plot(r, eps_rr /p0*mu, '.', r, eps_qq/p0*mu, 'd', ...
r, eps_rr_anl/p0*mu, r, eps_qq_anl/p0*mu);
xlim([0 max(r)*1.5]);
set(gca,'FontSize',fs);
xlabel('r'); ylabel('\epsilon \mu / p_0');
legend('\epsilon_{rr}^{num}','\epsilon_{\theta\theta}^{num}',...
'\epsilon_{rr}^{anl}','\epsilon_{\theta\theta}^{anl}');
figure(2);
plot(r, sig_rr/p0, '.', r, sig_qq/p0, 'o', r, sig_rr_anl/p0, r, sig_qq_anl/p0);
xlim([0 max(r)*1.5]);
set(gca,'FontSize',fs);
xlabel('r'); ylabel('\sigma / p_0');
legend('\sigma_{rr}^{num}','\sigma_{\theta\theta}^{num}',...
'\sigma_{rr}^{anl}','\sigma_{\theta\theta}^{anl}');

2 of 2

4/29/13 9:54 AM

D:\My Documents\Courses\ME342-Inela...\eqns_cylind_tube_elast.m

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% 2D Example: solve strain field in pressurized cylindrical tube
%
elastic deformation only
% Construct the equations to be solved by cylind_tube_elast.m
%
% Wei Cai caiwei@stanford.edu
% Created
03/24/2013
% Last Modified 04/29/2013
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
function F = eqns_cylind_tube_elast(vars, param)
% F(1:N-1): equilibrium equation
% F(N:2N-2): compatibility equation
% F(2N-1:2N): boundary condition
a = param(1);
b = param(2);
dr = param(3);
mu = param(4);
nu = param(5);
p0 = param(6);
N = length(vars)/2; F = zeros(1,2*N);
eps_rr = vars(1:N); eps_qq = vars(N+1:end);
lambda = 2*mu*nu/(1-2*nu);
r = [a:dr:b]; r_avg = (r(2:end) + r(1:end-1)) / 2;
% stress
sig_rr =
sig_qq =
sig_zz =

field
(lambda + 2*mu) * eps_rr + lambda * eps_qq;
(lambda + 2*mu) * eps_qq + lambda * eps_rr;
lambda * (eps_rr + eps_qq);

dsigrrdr = (sig_rr(2:end) - sig_rr(1:end-1)) / dr;

sig_rr_avg = (sig_rr(2:end) + sig_rr(1:end-1)) / 2;
sig_qq_avg = (sig_qq(2:end) + sig_qq(1:end-1)) / 2;
% equilibrium equation
F(1:N-1) = dsigrrdr + (sig_rr_avg-sig_qq_avg)./r_avg;
% strain field
depsqqdr = (eps_qq(2:end) - eps_qq(1:end-1)) / dr;
eps_qq_avg = (eps_qq(2:end) + eps_qq(1:end-1)) / 2;
eps_rr_avg = (eps_rr(2:end) + eps_rr(1:end-1)) / 2;
% compatibility condition
F(N:2*N-2) = depsqqdr - (eps_rr_avg-eps_qq_avg)./r_avg;
% boundary condition
F(2*N-1:2*N) = [sig_rr(1) + p0, sig_rr(end)];

1 of 1

5/10/13 8:39 AM

D:\My Documents\Courses\ME342-Inelastici...\cylind_tube_plast.m

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% 2D Example: solve strain field in pressurized cylindrical tube
%
pressure large enough to cause plastic deformation
%
% Wei Cai caiwei@stanford.edu
% Created
03/24/2013
% Last Modified 04/29/2013
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
mu = 100;
nu = 0.3;
k = 4;
% yield stress / sqrt(3)
E = 2*mu*(1+nu);
% Young's modulus
K = 2*mu*(1+nu)/3/(1-2*nu); % bulk modulus
a = 1; b = 2;
dr = 0.02; drho = dr;
r = [a:dr:b]; rho = r;
p0 = 1;
S_rr_sol
S_qq_sol
sig_rr_sol
sig_qq_sol
sig_zz_sol
eps_rr_sol
eps_qq_sol

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

zeros(length(r),
zeros(length(r),
zeros(length(r),
zeros(length(r),
zeros(length(r),
zeros(length(r),
zeros(length(r),

length(rho));
length(rho));
length(rho));
length(rho));
length(rho));
length(rho));
length(rho));

% analytic solution in elastic region

for i=1:length(r),
for j=1:length(rho),
% limit to elastic region
if r(i) >= rho(j),
ppp=k*((1-2*nu)^2/3 + b^4/rho(j)^4)^(-1/2);
sig_rr_1 = ppp*(1-b^2./r(i).^2);
sig_qq_1 = ppp*(1+b^2./r(i).^2);
sig_zz_1 = nu*(sig_rr_1 + sig_qq_1);
S_rr_1 = sig_rr_1 - (sig_rr_1+sig_qq_1+sig_zz_1)/3;
S_qq_1 = sig_qq_1 - (sig_rr_1+sig_qq_1+sig_zz_1)/3;
eps_rr_1 = (1-nu^2)/E*sig_rr_1 - nu*(1+nu)/E*sig_qq_1;
eps_qq_1 = (1-nu^2)/E*sig_qq_1 - nu*(1+nu)/E*sig_rr_1;
S_rr_sol(i,j)
= S_rr_1;
S_qq_sol(i,j)
= S_qq_1;
sig_rr_sol(i,j) = sig_rr_1;
sig_qq_sol(i,j) = sig_qq_1;
sig_zz_sol(i,j) = sig_zz_1;
eps_rr_sol(i,j) = eps_rr_1;
eps_qq_sol(i,j) = eps_qq_1;
end
end
end

1 of 3

5/10/13 8:39 AM

D:\My Documents\Courses\ME342-Inelastici...\cylind_tube_plast.m

2 of 3

% find solution in plastic region

disp('find solution in plastic region...');
for j=2:length(rho),
disp(sprintf('j = %d / %d',j, length(rho)));
for i=j-1:-1:1,
% find solution at (r, rho+drho)
eps_rr_1 = eps_rr_sol(i,j-1); eps_qq_1 = eps_qq_sol(i,j-1);
S_rr_1
= S_rr_sol(i,j-1);
eps_rr_2 = eps_rr_sol(i+1,j); eps_qq_2 = eps_qq_sol(i+1,j);
S_rr_2
= S_rr_sol(i+1,j);
param = [r(i), dr, mu, nu, k, eps_rr_1, eps_qq_1, ...
S_rr_1, eps_rr_2, eps_qq_2, S_rr_2];
%options = optimset('Display','iter','TolFun',1e-8);
options = optimset('Display','off','TolFun',1e-8);
%F0 = eqns_cylind_tube_plast([eps_rr_1, eps_qq_1, S_rr_1], param);
%sol = fsolve('eqns_cylind_tube_plast', [eps_rr_1, eps_qq_1, S_rr_1], ...
%
options, param);
[sol,Fval,exitflag] = fsolve('eqns_cylind_tube_plast', ...
[eps_rr_1, eps_qq_1, S_rr_1], options, param);
switch exitflag
case 0, fprintf(['Solution incorrect: ' ...
'Maximum number of function evaluations or iterations reached.\n']);
case -1, fprintf(['Solution incorrect: ' ...
'Algorithm terminated by the output function.\n']);
case -2, fprintf(['Solution incorrect: ', ...
'Algorithm seems to be converging to a point that is not a root.\n']);
case -3, fprintf(['Solution incorrect: ', ...
'Trust region radius became too small.\n']);
case -4, fprintf(['Solution incorrect: ' ...
'Line search cannot sufficiently decrease the residual '...
'along the current search direction.\n']);
end
%F1 = eqns_cylind_tube_plast(sol, param);
eps_rr_sol(i,j) = sol(1); eps_qq_sol(i,j) = sol(2); S_rr_sol(i,j) = sol(3);
S_qq_sol(i,j) = (-S_rr_sol(i,j) + sqrt(4*k^2-3*S_rr_sol(i,j)^2))/2;
sig_rr_sol(i,j) = S_rr_sol(i,j) + K*(eps_rr_sol(i,j)+eps_qq_sol(i,j));
sig_qq_sol(i,j) = S_qq_sol(i,j) + K*(eps_rr_sol(i,j)+eps_qq_sol(i,j));
sig_zz_sol(i,j) = -S_rr_sol(i,j)-S_qq_sol(i,j) ...
+ K*(eps_rr_sol(i,j)+eps_qq_sol(i,j));
end
end
% verify solution
disp('verify solution in plastic region...');
for j=2:length(rho),
for i=j-1:-1:1,
% find solution at (r, rho+drho)
eps_rr_1 = eps_rr_sol(i,j-1); eps_qq_1 = eps_qq_sol(i,j-1);
S_rr_1
= S_rr_sol(i,j-1);
eps_rr_2 = eps_rr_sol(i+1,j); eps_qq_2 = eps_qq_sol(i+1,j);

5/10/13 8:39 AM

D:\My Documents\Courses\ME342-Inelastici...\cylind_tube_plast.m

S_rr_2
= S_rr_sol(i+1,j);
param = [r(i), dr, mu, nu, k, eps_rr_1, eps_qq_1, ...
S_rr_1, eps_rr_2, eps_qq_2, S_rr_2];
F = eqns_cylind_tube_plast([eps_rr_sol(i,j), eps_qq_sol(i,j), ...
S_rr_sol(i,j)], param);
disp(sprintf('i = %d j = %d F = %e %e %e',i,j,F(1),F(2),F(3)));
end
end
% plot solution
fs = 17;
figure(1);
skip = find(r/r(1)==1.2,1,'First')-1;
plot(r/a, sig_rr_sol(:,1:skip:end)/(2*k), '.-');
set(gca,'FontSize',fs);
xlabel('r / a');
ylabel('\sigma_{rr} / (2k)');
legend('\rho/a = 1','1.2','1.4','1.6','1.8','2.0','Location','SouthEast');
figure(2);
plot(r, sig_qq_sol(:,1:skip:end)/(2*k), '.-');
set(gca,'FontSize',fs);
xlabel('r / a');
ylabel('\sigma_{\theta\theta} / (2k)');
legend('\rho/a = 1','1.2','1.4','1.6','1.8','2.0','Location','NorthWest');
figure(3);
plot(r, sig_zz_sol(:,1:skip:end)/(2*k), '.-');
set(gca,'FontSize',fs);
xlabel('r / a');
ylabel('\sigma_{zz} / (2k)');
legend('\rho/a = 1','1.2','1.4','1.6','1.8','2.0','Location','SouthEast');

3 of 3

4/29/13 10:07 AM

D:\My Documents\Courses\ME342-Inel...\eqns_cylind_tube_plast.m

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% 2D Example: solve strain field in pressurized cylindrical tube
%
pressure large enough to cause plastic deformation
% Construct the equations to be solved by cylind_tube_plast.m
%
% Wei Cai caiwei@stanford.edu
% Created
03/24/2013
% Last Modified 04/29/2013
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
function F = eqns_cylind_tube_plast(vars, param)
% F(1): equilibrium equation
% F(2): compatibility equation
% F(3): plastic flow rule
eps_rr = vars(1);
eps_qq = vars(2);
S_rr
= vars(3);
r = param(1);
dr = param(2); drho = dr;
mu = param(3);
nu = param(4);
k = param(5);
eps_rr_1 = param(6);
eps_qq_1 = param(7);
S_rr_1
= param(8);
eps_rr_2 = param(9);
eps_qq_2 = param(10);
S_rr_2
= param(11);
K = 2*mu*(1+nu)/3/(1-2*nu); % bulk modulus
F = [0 0 0]';
S_qq
= (-S_rr
+ sqrt(4*k^2-3*S_rr^2 ))/2;
S_qq_1 = (-S_rr_1 + sqrt(4*k^2-3*S_rr_1^2))/2;
S_qq_2 = (-S_rr_2 + sqrt(4*k^2-3*S_rr_2^2))/2;
dSrr_dr =
dSqq_dr =
depsrr_dr
depsqq_dr

(S_rr_2-S_rr)/dr;
(S_qq_2-S_qq)/dr;
= (eps_rr_2-eps_rr)/dr;
= (eps_qq_2-eps_qq)/dr;

depsrr_drho
depsqq_drho
dSrr_drho
dSqq_drho

=
=
=
=

(eps_rr
(eps_qq
(S_rr (S_qq -

- eps_rr_1)/drho;
- eps_qq_1)/drho;
S_rr_1)/drho;
S_qq_1)/drho;

1 of 2

4/29/13 10:07 AM

D:\My Documents\Courses\ME342-Inel...\eqns_cylind_tube_plast.m

% equilibrium condition
F(1) = dSrr_dr + K*( depsrr_dr + depsqq_dr ) ...
+ ( (S_rr_2+S_rr)/2 - (S_qq_2+S_qq)/2 ) / (r+dr/2);
% compatibility condition
F(2) = depsqq_dr - ( (eps_rr_2+eps_rr)/2 - (eps_qq_2+eps_qq)/2 ) / (r+dr/2);
% plastic flow rule
F(3) = 2*mu*( (2/3*depsrr_drho - 1/3*depsqq_drho)*(S_qq+S_qq_1)/2
...
-(2/3*depsqq_drho - 1/3*depsrr_drho)*(S_rr+S_rr_1)/2 ) ...
- dSrr_drho*(S_qq+S_qq_1)/2 + dSqq_drho*(S_rr+S_rr_1)/2 ;

2 of 2

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OtherSlipLineFieldlSolutions
for Notches
L. M. Ka.chanov,
Fundamentals
of il-'eTheoryof plasticity,Dover 2004

rI
J

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Fis.107.

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16
Slip Resistance in Polycrystal
mean dissip = 3.0665 (Taylor Factor)
3.6

0.7

3.4

0.5

3.2

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0.6

0.3

2.8

0.2

2.6

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2.4
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x

0.6

0.8

mean dissip = 3.0665 (Taylor Factor)

3.5
3
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x

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18
Crystal Rotation
rotation of tensile axis
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6/4/13 12:38 PM

D:\My Documents\Courses\ME342-Inelasti...\fcc_slip_system_map.m

1 of 3

% FCC slip systems for single crystal under uniaxial tension

%
plane
slip vector
slip_system = [ 1 1 1
1 -1 0
1 1 1
1 0 -1
1 1 1
0 1 -1
1 1 -1
1 -1 0
1 1 -1
1 0 1
1 1 -1
0 1 1
1 -1 1
1 1 0
1 -1 1
1 0 -1
1 -1 1
0 -1 -1
-1 1 1
-1 -1 0
-1 1 1
-1 0 -1
-1 1 1
0 1 -1 ];
N_slip_system = length(slip_system(:,1));
%domain_type = 1; % a simple parameterization covering several triangles
domain_type = 2; % parameterization of the standard triangle
% G. Y. Chin and W. L. Mammel,
%
Computer Solutions of the Taylor Analysis for Axisymmetric Flow
%
Trans. Metall. Soc. AIME 239, 1400-1405 (1967).

if domain_type == 1
theta = linspace(1e-4,1-1e-4,50)*acos(1/sqrt(3));
phi
= linspace(-0.2+1e-4,1-1e-4,50)*(pi/2);
elseif domain_type == 2
theta = linspace(1e-4,1-1e-4,50)*(pi/4);
phi
= linspace(1e-4,1-1e-4,50)*(pi/4);
else
disp('unknown domain_type');
end
X = zeros(length(theta), length(phi));
Y = X; x = X; y = X; z = X;
maxS = X; maxSind = X;
secondS = X; secondSind = X;
T_select = [ 0
1
1
0
1
2

0
0
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
2
3 ];

for ai = 1:length(theta),
for bi = 1:length(phi),
if domain_type == 1
x(ai,bi) = sin(theta(ai))*cos(phi(bi));
y(ai,bi) = sin(theta(ai))*sin(phi(bi));
z(ai,bi) = cos(theta(ai));

6/4/13 12:38 PM

D:\My Documents\Courses\ME342-Inelasti...\fcc_slip_system_map.m

elseif domain_type == 2
factor = atan(sin(theta(ai)))/(pi/4);
x(ai,bi) = sin(theta(ai))*cos(phi(bi)*factor);
y(ai,bi) =
sin(phi(bi)*factor);
z(ai,bi) = cos(theta(ai))*cos(phi(bi)*factor);
end
X(ai,bi) = 2*x(ai,bi)/(1+z(ai,bi));
Y(ai,bi) = 2*y(ai,bi)/(1+z(ai,bi));
T = [x(ai,bi) y(ai,bi) z(ai,bi)];
S = zeros(N_slip_system,1);
for i = 1:N_slip_system
n = slip_system(i,1:3);
b = slip_system(i,4:6);
S(i) = abs(dot(T,n)/norm(T)/norm(n) * dot(T,b)/norm(T)/norm(b));
end
[sortedS ind] = sort(S,1,'descend');
maxS(ai,bi) = sortedS(1);
maxSind(ai,bi) = ind(1);
secondS(ai,bi) = sortedS(2); secondSind(ai,bi) = ind(2);
end
end
X_select = zeros(length(T_select(:,1)),1);
Y_select = X_select;
maxS_select = X_select;
maxSind_select = X_select;
secondS_select = X_select;
secondSind_select = X_select;
for si=1:length(X_select),
T = T_select(si,:); T = T / norm(T);
X_select(si) = 2*T(1)/(1+T(3));
Y_select(si) = 2*T(2)/(1+T(3));
S = zeros(N_slip_system,1);
for i = 1:N_slip_system,
n = slip_system(i,1:3);
b = slip_system(i,4:6);
S(i) = abs(dot(T,n)/norm(T)/norm(n) * dot(T,b)/norm(T)/norm(b));
end
[sortedS ind] = sort(S,1,'descend');
maxS_select(si) = sortedS(1);
maxSind_select(si) = ind(1);
secondS_select(si) = sortedS(2); secondSind_select(si) = ind(2);
end
%plot results
figure(1);
contourf(X,Y,maxS,20);
hold on
plot3(X_select,Y_select,ones(size(X_select)),'ko','LineWidth',2);
hold off
xlabel('x');

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6/4/13 12:38 PM

D:\My Documents\Courses\ME342-Inelasti...\fcc_slip_system_map.m

ylabel('y');
axis equal
title('highest Schmid factor');
figure(2);
mesh(X,Y,maxSind);
hold on
plot3(X_select,Y_select,13*ones(size(X_select)),'ko','LineWidth',2);
hold off
view([0 90]);
xlabel('x');
ylabel('y');
axis equal
title('slip system ID with highest S');
figure(3);
mesh(X,Y,secondSind);
hold on
plot3(X_select,Y_select,13*ones(size(X_select)),'ko','LineWidth',2);
hold off
view([0 90]);
xlabel('x');
ylabel('y');
axis equal
title('slip system ID with second highest S');
figure(4);
contourf(X,Y,maxS./secondS-1,20);
colorbar
hold on
plot3(X_select,Y_select,ones(size(X_select)),'ko','LineWidth',2);
hold off
xlabel('x');
ylabel('y');
axis equal
title('S_2/S_1 - 1');

3 of 3

6/4/13 1:55 PM

D:\My Documents\Courses\ME342-I...\fcc_slip_system_polycrystal.m

% FCC slip systems for poly-crystal under uniaxial tension

% Find the 5 slip systems activated for each tensile axis
% following Taylor 1938
% G. Y. Chin and W. L. Mammel,
%
Computer Solutions of the Taylor Analysis for Axisymmetric Flow
%
Trans. Metall. Soc. AIME 239, 1400-1405 (1967).
%
slip_system = [

plane
slip vector
1 1 1
1 -1 0
1 1 1
1 0 -1
1 1 1
0 1 -1
1 1 -1
1 -1 0
1 1 -1
1 0 1
1 1 -1
0 1 1
1 -1 1
1 1 0
1 -1 1
1 0 -1
1 -1 1
0 -1 -1
-1 1 1
-1 -1 0
-1 1 1
-1 0 -1
-1 1 1
0 1 -1 ];
N_slip_system = length(slip_system(:,1));
theta = [0:0.01:1]*(pi/4);
phi
= [0:0.01:1]*(pi/4);
dtheta = theta(2)-theta(1);
dphi
= phi(2)-phi(1);
Ntrial = 3;
dTfactor = 1e-4;
X = zeros(length(theta), length(phi));
Y = X; x = X; y = X; z = X;
activeS = zeros(length(theta), length(phi), N_slip_system);
dissip
= zeros(length(theta), length(phi)); weight = dissip;
Taxis
= zeros(length(theta), length(phi), 3); netrot = Taxis; dTaxis = Taxis;
Taxisnew = Taxis; Xnew = X; Ynew = Y; dX = X; dY = Y;
strain = zeros(N_slip_system,6);
rotation = zeros(N_slip_system,3);
for i = 1:length(slip_system(:,1)),
n = slip_system(i,1:3); n = n/norm(n);
b = slip_system(i,4:6); b = b/norm(b);
tmp = (n'*b + b'*n)/2;
strain(i,:) = [tmp(1,1) tmp(2,2) tmp(3,3) tmp(2,3) tmp(3,1) tmp(1,2)];
rotation(i,:) = cross(n,b)/2;
end
% compute participation ratio of each slip system
for ai = 1:length(theta),
if mod(ai,10)==0
disp(sprintf('ai = %d / %d ', ai, length(theta)));
end
for bi = 1:length(phi),

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6/4/13 1:55 PM

D:\My Documents\Courses\ME342-I...\fcc_slip_system_polycrystal.m

factor = atan(sin(theta(ai)))/(pi/4);
x(ai,bi) = sin(theta(ai))*cos(phi(bi)*factor);
y(ai,bi) =
sin(phi(bi)*factor);
z(ai,bi) = cos(theta(ai))*cos(phi(bi)*factor);
X(ai,bi) = 2*x(ai,bi)/(1+z(ai,bi));
Y(ai,bi) = 2*y(ai,bi)/(1+z(ai,bi));
T = [x(ai,bi) y(ai,bi) z(ai,bi)];
Taxis(ai,bi,:) = T;
tmp = (T'*T - (T*T'/3)*eye(3))*(3/2);
tensile_strain = [tmp(1,1) tmp(2,2) tmp(3,3) tmp(2,3) tmp(3,1) tmp(1,2)];
%options = optimset('Display','iter','TolFun',1e-8);
options = optimset('Display','off','TolFun',1e-8);
% double # of slip systems so that coeff is non-negative
Aeq = [strain', -strain'];
beq = [tensile_strain'];
lb = zeros(length(slip_system(:,1))*2,1);
f= ones(length(slip_system(:,1))*2,1);
coeff = linprog(f, [], [], Aeq, beq, lb, [], [], options);
% half # of coeff to store as positive and negative values
compact_coeff = coeff(1:end/2)-coeff(end/2+1:end);
activeS(ai,bi,:) = compact_coeff;
dissip(ai,bi) = sum(abs(compact_coeff));
netrot(ai,bi,:) = rotation'*compact_coeff;
end
end
% compute change of Taxis
for ai = 1:length(theta),
for bi = 1:length(phi),
dTaxis(ai,bi,:) = cross(netrot(ai,bi,:),Taxis(ai,bi,:));
Taxisnew(ai,bi,:) = Taxis(ai,bi,:) + dTaxis(ai,bi,:)*dTfactor;
Xnew(ai,bi) = 2*Taxisnew(ai,bi,1)/(1+Taxisnew(ai,bi,3));
Ynew(ai,bi) = 2*Taxisnew(ai,bi,2)/(1+Taxisnew(ai,bi,3));
end
end
dX = Xnew - X; dY = Ynew - Y;
% compute area of mesh
area = zeros(size(weight));
for ai = 1:length(theta)-1,
for bi = 1:length(phi)-1,
dr1 = [x(ai+1,bi) y(ai+1,bi) z(ai+1,bi)] - [x(ai,bi) y(ai,bi) z(ai,bi)];
dr2 = [x(ai,bi+1) y(ai,bi+1) z(ai,bi+1)] - [x(ai,bi) y(ai,bi) z(ai,bi)];
dr3 = [x(ai+1,bi) y(ai+1,bi) z(ai+1,bi)] ...
- [x(ai+1,bi+1) y(ai+1,bi+1) z(ai+1,bi+1)];
dr4 = [x(ai,bi+1) y(ai,bi+1) z(ai,bi+1)] ...
- [x(ai+1,bi+1) y(ai+1,bi+1) z(ai+1,bi+1)];
area(ai,bi) = (norm(cross(dr1,dr2))+norm(cross(dr3,dr4)))/2;
end
end

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6/4/13 1:55 PM

D:\My Documents\Courses\ME342-I...\fcc_slip_system_polycrystal.m

% compute integration (quadrature) weight

for ai = 1:length(theta),
for bi = 1:length(phi),
weight(ai,bi) = area(ai,bi)/4;
if ai > 1
weight(ai,bi) = weight(ai,bi) + area(ai-1,bi)/4;
end
if bi > 1
weight(ai,bi) = weight(ai,bi) + area(ai,bi-1)/4;
end
if ai > 1 && bi > 1
weight(ai,bi) = weight(ai,bi) + area(ai-1,bi-1)/4;
end
end
end
mean_dissip = sum(sum(dissip.*weight))/(4*pi/48);
% plot results
fs = 17;
figure(1);
contourf(X,Y,dissip,50);
colorbar
set(gca,'FontSize',fs);
xlabel('x'); ylabel('y');
axis equal
title(sprintf('mean dissip = %.4f

(Taylor Factor)',mean_dissip));

figure(2);
mesh(X,Y,dissip);
set(gca,'FontSize',fs);
xlabel('x'); ylabel('y');
axis equal
view([30 80]);
title(sprintf('mean dissip = %.4f

(Taylor Factor)',mean_dissip));

figure(3);
skip = 10;
contour(X,Y,dissip,50); hold on
quiver(X(1:skip:end,1:skip:end), Y(1:skip:end,1:skip:end), ...
dX(1:skip:end,1:skip:end),dY(1:skip:end,1:skip:end));
hold off
set(gca,'FontSize',fs);
xlabel('x'); ylabel('y');
axis equal
title('rotation of tensile axis');
t001 = text(-0.01,0.02,'001');
t101 = text( 0.80,0.02,'101');
t111 = text( 0.70,0.70,'111');

3 of 3