RRB AC Power Booster Capsule 2015 by AffairsCloud

RRB AC Power Booster
Capsule 2015
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RRB AC POWER BOOSTER FOR SCALE-1 , 2, OFFICE ASST

#ALL ABOUT RRB's
Regional Rural Banks were established under the provisions of an Ordinance passed on 26
September 1975 and the RRB Act. 1976
These were set up on the recommendations of The Narasimham Working Group during the tenure
of Indira Gandhi's government with a view to include rural areas into economic mainstream since
that time about 70% of the Indian Population was of Rural Orientation.
The development process of RRBs started on 2 October 1975 with the forming of the first RRB, the
Prathama Bank.
Also on 2 October 1976 five regional rural banks were set up with a total authorised capital of Rs.
100 crore ($10 Million) which later augmented to 500 crore ($50 Million).
The Regional Rural Bank were owned by the Central Government ,the State Government and the
Sponsor Bank(There were five commercial banks, Punjab National Bank, State Bank of India,
Syndicate Bank, United Bank of India and United Commercial Bank, which sponsored the regional
rural banks) who held shares in the ratios as follows Central Government-50%, State Government15% and Sponsor Banks- 35%.
Earlier, Reserve Bank of India had laid down ceilings on the rate of interest to be charged by these
RRBs. However from August 1996 the RRBs have been granted freedom to fix rates of interest,
which is usually in the range of 14-18% for advances.
Organizational Structure
The Organizational Structure for RRB's varies from branch to branch and depends upon the nature and size
of business done by the branch. The Head Office of an RRB normally had three to seven departments.
The following is the decision making hierarchy of officials in a Regional Rural Bank.
1. Board of Directors
2. Chairman & Managing Director
3. General Manager
4. Chief Manager/Regional Managers
5. Senior Manager
6. Manager
7. Officer / Assistant Manager
8. Office Assistant (Multipurpose)
*IMPORTANT POINTS TO REMEMBER
RRBs are started for regional ineualities
concept for RRBs -- "BRD" -- balanced regional development
Ariel awarness for RRBs report given by D.R.Gadgil -1962
lead bank scheme -- narsimhan --1969
First Recommitte setup for RRBs-- sarayu committee -- 1972
Committee recommended setting up RRBs-- Narasimham Committee in 1975.
First RRB set up--Prathama Grameen Bank on 2nd oct 1975.
RRBs are formed by which act--RRB Act.1976.
Ownership ratio of stakeholders in the RRBs--Central Govt-50%,State Govt-15%,Sponsor Bank-35%.
RRBs regulated by--National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development(NABARD).
Total Number of RRBs as of Now--56.
Indian States don't have any RRBs as of now--Goa & Sikkim.
At Present how many states are having state level RRBs--7
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The Regional Rural Banks(Amendmentbill 2014) increased authorised capital from Rs. 5 Crore to-2,000Crore.
Going to merge soon then -- it will 56 as per the latest rrb bill -2014
2006-- 133 RRBs ;2011-- 82 ;2013-64 ; 2014-Bill --56(now present)
First fully Computerised RRB in the Country--South Malabar Grameen Bank(Malappuramnear
Kozhikode).
Malappuram-based, Canara Bank-sponsored Kerala Gramin Bank is the countrys largest regional
rural bank (RRB) in terms of business volume. With 19, 800 crore of business and 535 branches
Minimum Capital to Risk Weighted Assets Ratio(CRAR) of RRBs which they have to maintain---9%.
Agricultural review committe as per RRBs loans -- khushro committe --1989
Presently how much Budget provision for recapitalization of RRBs--Rs.15 crore.
RRBs are Classified as which type of Banks--Commercial Banks.
The Combined Capital of the Centre,State Govt and Sponsor Banks will not come down below--51%.
Committee for Recapitalisation of Regional Rural Banks headed by--KC Chakrabarty-2010
K Mitra committee -- to offer higher salary and perquisites to attract talented and competent
officers.
RRB commitees
1. Narasimham Committee, 1975--Working Group On Rural Banks
2. Dantwala Committee, 1978--Committee on Rural Banks
3. CRAFICARD, 1981--Committee to Review Arrangements for Institutional Credit for Agriculture and
Rural Development
4. Kelkar Committee, 1984--Working Group on Regional Rural Banks
5. Agricultural Credit Review Committee (ACRC, 1989)
6. Narasimham Committee, 1991--Committee on Financial System
7. Bhandari Committee, 1994--Committee on Restructuring of RRBs
8. Misra Committee, 1995--Working Group on Funds Management in RRBs
9. Basu Committee, 1996--Committee on Revamping of RRBs
10. Thingalaya Committee, 1997--Expert Group on RRBs
11. Narasimham Committee, 1998--Committee on Banking Sector Reforms
12. Agrawal Committee, 2000--Committee on Manpower Norms in RRBs
13. Expert Committee on Rural Credit (ECRC, 2001)
14. Dr.Vyas Committee, 2004--Advisory Committee on Flow of Credit to Agriculture and Related
Activities.
15. Recommendations of regional basis to amagmation - by purwar committee
16. RRB re organisation bill -2013 for 1975 passed in loksabha
RRB ACTs
1. Regional Rural Banks Act, 1976
2. Indian Trusts Act, 1882
3. Companies Act, 1956
4. Deposit Insurance Corporation Act, 1961
5. Industrial Reconstruction Bank of India Act, 1984
6. National Housing Bank Act, 1987
7. National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Act, 1981
8. Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934
9. Small Industries Development Bank of India Act, 1989
10. Subsidiary bank-- has the meaning assigned to it in the State Bank of India (Subsidiary Bank) Act,
1959
11. Sponsor Bank has the meaning assigned to it in the Regional Rural Bank Act, 1976
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NABARD
National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development is an apex development bank in India having
headquarters based in Mumbai and other branches are all over the country.
Founded: July 12, 1982
Credit Functions
Framing policy and guidelines for rural financial institutions.
Providing credit facilities to issuing organizations
Monitoring the flow of ground level rural credit.
Preparation of credit plans annually for all districts for identification of credit potential.
Development Functions:
Help cooperative banks and Regional Rural Banks to prepare development actions plans for
themselves.
Help Regional Rural Banks and the sponsor banks to enter into Mous with state governments and
cooperative banks to improve the affairs of the Regional Rural Banks.
Monitor implementation of development action plans of banks.
Provide financial support for the training institutes of cooperative banks, commercial banks and
Regional Rural Banks.
Provide financial assistance to cooperative banks for building improved management information
system, computerisation of operations and development of human resources.
Supervisory Functions:
Undertakes inspection of Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) and Cooperative Banks (other than
urban/primary cooperative banks) under the provisions of Banking Regulation Act, 1949.
Undertakes inspection of State Cooperative Agriculture and Rural Development Banks (SCARDBs)
and apex non-credit cooperative societies on a voluntary basis.
Provides recommendations to Reserve Bank of India on issue of licenses to Cooperative Banks,
opening of new branches by State Cooperative Banks and Regional Rural Banks (RRBs).
Undertakes portfolio inspections besides off-site surveillance of Cooperative Banks and Regional
Rural Banks (RRBs).
RURAL HEADs & Head quarters
SEBI --Est -1992 Chairman - Shri U K Sinha, Head Office - Mumbai
IRDA --Est--1999, Chairman - T.s.Vijayan, Head Office - HyderabadKey .
IDBI --Est--1976-- Chairman, M. S. Raghavan, Head Office - Mumbai
SIDBI --Est1990 , Chairman - Shri Sushil Muhnot Head Office - Lucknow
NABARD Est--1982 --Chairman - Harsh Kumar Bhanwala--Mumbai (Maharashtra)
EXIM Bank -Est--1982--Chairman --Yaduvendra Mathur --Head Office - Mumbai
NHB --Est1988--Chairman--Kalyanaraman --Head office - New Delhi
*MUDRA-- Est 2015 -- CEO--Jiji Mammen--Headquarters--India
# INDICATORS
RBI Rates
Policy Repo Rate 7.25%
Reverse Repo Rate 6.25%
Marginal Standing Facility Rate 8.25%
Bank Rate 8.25%
CRR 4%
SLR 21.5%
BANKS in INDIA
1. Reserve bank of india-1 (Unique bank & central bank)
2. Public sector banks --27
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3. Nationalised banks--19
4. Regional rural banks --56
5. Foreign banks with branches in India--45
6. Foreign banks with representative offices in India39
Cooperative banks
7. State cooperative banks 32
8. Urban cooperative banks --52
Private sector banks
9. Old private sector banks --13
10. New Private Sector banks --16 + Latest bandhan + IDFC
11. Small banks --72
12. payment banks --42( License approved by RBI --11)
13. NBFC --1224( Deposit accepted -- 342 , others non -deposit accepted )
14. MFIs--268
15. District Central Cooperative Banks (DCCBs)--370
16. Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS) 92432
'Indradhanush' to revamp PSU banks
The seven elements include appointments
Board of bureau-- capitalisation-- de-stressing--empowerment-- framework of accountability -governance reforms.
Under recapitalisation plans for Public Sector Banks, 13 banks would get Rs 20,058 crore this
financial year. The rest Rs 5,000 crore would be allocated based on efficiency criteria.
70,000 crores in upcoming 5 years to reach need of 1.60 lakh crores needed for banks , 80,000
crores will get the banks from market
Banks board of bureau will replace existing appointments board. Its members would be appointed
in the next six months to be headed by the RBI governnor.
Banks board bureau would also hold bad assets of public sector banks.
SBI will get the highest Rs 5,511 cr, followed by Bank of India at Rs 2,455 cr, IDBI at Rs 2,229 cr, PNB
at Rs 1732 cr and IOB at Rs 2009 cr.
Microsoft India Chairman Ravi Venkatesan as Chairman of Bank of Baroda.
T N Manoharan as Non-Executive Chairman of Canara Bank
G Padmanabhan as Non-Executive Chairman of Bank of India.
Rakesh Sharma Of Lakshmi Vilas Bank will be new MD & CEO Of Canara Bank
Six more Non-Executive Chairman posts to be filled in 6 months
Target by govt of india disinvestment this fiscal for PSUs 2015-16
ONGC-- 5% -- 13100 Crores
INDIAN OIL -- 10% -- 9000 crores
NTPC -- 5% -- 6000 crores
NMDC -- 10% -- 4800 crores
BHEL --5% -- 3000 crores
NHPC -- 11.36% -- 2400 crores
NALCO -- 10% -- 1200 crores
PAID UP CAPITAL
1. New bank license --500 crores
2. Private banks --500
3. Foreign bank -500 crores
4. Urban cooperative banks --100 crores
5. State cooperative banks --100 crores
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6. Small bank & payment banks --100 crores
7. NABARD -- 500 crores
8. EXIM bank -- 8500 crores
9. SIDBI -- 1000 Crores
10. Authorised Regional Rural Bank--2000 crores
11. MUDRA BANK --20000 crore (Intial corpus --3000 crores ) (paid up capital --750 crores)
INDIA GDP estimates --2015-16
Finance Ministry ---8-8.5 %
ECONOMIC SURVEY- 8.1-8.5%
Reserve Bank of India--7.6 %
IMF- 7.5%
IBRD- 7.5%
UN Report --7.7%
S& P -- 7.6%
MOODYs--7%
OECD-7.7%
ADB-7.8%
FITCH--- 7.8%
NOMURA -6.7%
Citigroup-- 7.9%
CRISIL --7.4%
Domestic brokerage -IDFC --7.7%
INDIA'S external debt 2015
Total external debt --475.8
long term debt-- 391.1
Short tem debt--48.7
Multeral debt--52.6
Bilateral debt--21.7
IMF-- 21.7
Export credit--- 12.8
ECB exteranl commercial borrowing-- 181.9
NRI deposits-- 115.2
Ruppee debt-- 1.5
Sovereigh debt-- 89.6
* Note -- all numbers in US$ billion
Economic indicators
Reserve money --Net non- monetary liabilities of RBI as on july 17,2015--8,468.47
FER -- Foreign exchange reserves --$354.433 billion ,august 26th 2015
Banks' gross NPAs rises to 4.45% from 4.1% in 1 year: RBI
FII inflows -- $ 4092 billions --2014-15
CPI-- 5.40%--july 2015
WPI--(-2.4%)--july 2015
IIP-- 4.1%--july 2015
Fiscal defecit --2014-15 --4%
Revenue defecit --2.8%
TRADE defecit -- $ 10.8 billion
exports --> (-15.8%)
Imports -->( -13.40%)
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National social security indicators & interest rates
EPFO-8.75%
PPF-8.7%
KVP(Kisan vikas patra)-8.7%-min --1000, max --50,000 Denomination,double in 100 months lock in
period 2.5 years (2 years 6 months
KCC-Kisan credit card Smart Card cum Debit Card.-- 7% interest rate ;KCC for 5 years
Sukanya samridhi yojana-9.2% (2015)
PMJJBY--18 and 50 years --of Rs. 330 is what you need to pay to get a life cover of Rs. 2 lacs.
PMSBY--18 years and 70 years , Rs. 12 for a cover of Rs. 2 lacs
ATAL PENSION SCHEME--under the age of 40, would receive the fixed monthly pension of Rs. 1000
to Rs 5000 at the age of 60 years
surkasha bandhan scheme --recipient can use these cheques by depositing in his or her bank
account for a realisable value of Rs 342 (Rs 12 + Rs 330) to cover one-year subscription to PMJJBY
and PMSBY.
PMJDY -12%--Accidental --1.00 lac, Life cover of Rs.30,000, overdraft --5000
Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) -- Rs.2/ a Kg- wheat & Rs.3/ a Kg.--rice, Rs 1/ - Pulses.
AGRICULTURE INDICATORS --2014-15
Total Food grains -- 251.12 million tonnes
Rice -- 102.54 million tonnes
Wheat -- 90.78 million tonnes
Coarse Cerels -- 40.42 miilion tones
Maize -- 22.74
PULSES --17.38
TUR- 2.71
Gram - 7.59
OIL SEEDS --27.38 million tonnes
SOYABEAN -- 10.70
Groundnut --6.64 million tonnes
Rapessed & mustard --6.75
cotton --35.32
sugarcane -- 356.56
AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTIONS & FATHERS
Protein revoultion --higher productivity(Techonology driven 2nd green revolution)-----coined by -Modi & Arun jaitely
Green Revolution ___ Food grains
Father of green revolution --"Norman borlang" --USA
Father of indian green revolution --"M.S.swaminathan" --INDIA
Green revolution "word" COINED by ---" william s.goud" --UK
White Revolution or Operation Flood---Milk production -- "VARGHESE KURIEN "
Yellow Revolution --Oil Seeds production--" Sam Pitroda
Black Revolution --Petroleum Production
Blue Revolution --Fish Production---"DR.ARUN KRISHNAN".
Brown Revolution --Leather/non-conventional(India)/Cocoa production
Golden Fiber Revolution --Jute Production
Golden Revolution --Fruits/Overall Horticulture development/Honey Production--"NIRPAKH
TUTEJ"
Grey Revolution --Fertilizer
Pink Revolution --Onion production/Pharmaceutical (India)/Prawn production--"DURGESH PATEL"
FATHER OF INDUCED BREEDING--"PROF.HIRLAL CHAUDRI"
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Red Revolution --Meat & Tomato Production--"VISHAL TEWARI"
Round Revolution ---Potato
Silver Fiber Revolution Cotton
Silver Revolution --Egg/Poultry Production --"INDIRA GANDHI"
Evergreen Revolution --Overall development of Agriculture--Started in 11th plan (2007-2012)
#NOTE -- Father of telecom revolution -- sampitroda
FOOD CROPS
1. RICE --> world wide china tops -- next india , in india -- wbengal , AP , UP , PUNJAB
2. WHEAT --> top -3 China, india, USA , IN india --- up , punjab, harayana
3. JOWER --> top -- USA , CHINA ,, in india -- maharastra , karanatka , mp
4. MAIZE -- >top -- USA , Mexico , India , in india -- AP (andhra) , Karnataka
5. BAJRA -- >IN india -- rajasthan , maharastra , gujrat
6. RAGI -- >top -- karanataka , tamilnadu , andhrapradesh
7. Barley -->TOP -- UP , Rajasthan
8. PULSES -->MP, UP
9. Ground nut /Oil seeds -- >AP, GUJARAT ,T NADU
SPICE CROPS
1. Pepper --> indonesia, india , in india --kerala
2. cardmom --> india , indonesia , in india --kerala
3. cloves -- >Tanzania , in india -- kerala
4. Turmeric --> india top in the world , in india -- Guntur
5. Saffron -- >india 1st place , in india -- Jammu & kashmir
6. Ginger -- >india top in the world , in india -- kerala
PLANTATION CROPS
1. TEA --> TOP -3 -- india ,china ,srilanka , in india -- Assam , westbengal , tamilnadu
2. COFFEE --> Top-3 . SANTOOS , COLOUMBIA , ECUDOR , india --5th , in india -- karanataka
3. RUBBER -- >TOP -3 -- thailand , indonesia. india , in india -- kerala, tamilnadu , karnataka
4. COCONUT --> Top -3 , indonesia , philliphines , india -- in india -- kerala , taminadu , karnataka
MACRO ECONOMIC TIME PERIOD
GDP -- yearly , quarterly , monthly
Call money -- overnight
Notice money -- 2-14 days
term money-- 15days to 1 year
Certifcates of deposits--min 7 days - max- 12 months
Commerical papers -- min 7 days -- max --12 months
Forward rate aggrements -- contracts are available for maturity 10 years
Market repo-- 1 day - 1 year
RBI LAF -- 1 day
NDTL -- 15 Days basis
T-bills -- 91, 182, 364 DAYS
Inter bank participation -- 91 -180 Days
CBLO Colletral borrowing slending obligation -- 1 day - 1 year
Capital market -- 1 year and above
Money market -- less than 1 year
IIP calulates -- quartely , monthly
RBI finacial year -- july 1st -- june 30
BANKS -- April 1st -- MARCH -31st
General budget -- financial starts from April 1ST
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NATIONAL income -- every 1 YEAR
Measuring methods --FOR national income
REVISED ESTIMATE -- 0 % CHANGE
PROVISIONAL ESTIMATE-- 50 % change
QUICK ESTIMATE-- 75% change
ADVANCED ESTIMATE --100% change
TYPES OF MONEY
MO RESERVE MONEY -- reserve money -- weekly
M1 NARROW -- fortnight -- 15 days
M3 BROAD --fortnight -- 15 days
L1 -- MONTHLY
L2--MONTHLY
L3 -- QUARTERLY -- 3MONTHS
ACCOUNTS --Min & Max
SAVING ------NO
CURRENT--- no time period
RECURRING-- 6 months , 10 years
FIXED -- 7DAYS / NOW 14 DAYS -- 10 YEARS
FLEXI --6 months upto a maximum of 5 years.
NPAs
90 DAYS --BAD LOANS

upto --90 days -- overdue NPAs
90 days --1 year -- Substandard NPA
1 year -- 3 years -- Doubtful NPA
>> 3 Years -- confirmed NPA/Bad debt NPA
GOVT securities
Short term -- 1 YEAR
Medium-term securities----1-5 years
Long-term securities-- more than 5 years
Dated securities -- 30 years
Long term streching -- 50 Years
Agriculture loans time period
Short -- 6-18 months
Medium -- upto 18-36 month
Long -- More then 36 months
FDI Limit
Agriculture-100%
Asset Reconstruction Companies--100%
Civil Aviation--100%
Commodity Exchanges--49%
Courier Services--100%
Credit Information Companies--74%
Defence--49%(Defence Raised to 49% from 26%)
e-commerce B-B --100%
Insurance--49%
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Multi Brand Retail--51%

Pension--26%(Pension Raised to 49% from 26%)
Petroleum and Natural Gas--49%
Power Exchanges--49%
Print Media--49%
Private Sector Banks--100%
Public Sector Banks--20%
Single Brand Retail--49%
Special Economic Zones--100%
Stock Exchanges/Clearing Corporations--49%
Tea Plantation--100%
Telecom--100%
Tourism--100%
# DIGITAL BANKING & APPs

#.STATE BANK OF INDIA
FORBES LIST MOST POWER WOMEN 2015 -- RANK# 30- Arundhathi bhattacharya
Forbes-India home to 56 of the world's 2,000 powerful companies
Fortune 500 companies State Bank of India, ranked- 152
SBI FINACIAL INCLUSION 2015-16 _
Country's largest public sector lender SBI has been provided with the maximum capital infusion of Rs
2,970 crore
SBI and Amazon _ announce a strategic partnership to transform how India shops and sells.
PAY-PAL__State Bank of India announces partnership with PayPal
SBI's Micro Small and Medium Enterprise (MSME) customers to gain access to PayPal's secure payment
solutions.
PAY-PAL - CREDIT CARD /*PAY-NET - DEBIT CARD
Capital Assist Program__ SBI enters into agreement with Snapdeal for Seller Financing under Snapdeal.
State Bank of India (SBI)--ASSAM & NE states __ will provide finance totalling Rs. 100 crore benefiting
3,000 small tea growers in the North East region soon.
SBI--contactless debit and credit cards__State Bank of India has launched contactless debit and credit
cards that enable users to make payments by waiving or tapping the card near the card reader instead
of swiping or dipping it, reports Our Bureau.
SBI-FEDERAL BANK _ Co-branded credit cards __
Federal Bank & SBI forayed into the credit card segment through the launch of co-branded credit cards
in partnership with SBI Cards, a leading credit card issuer.
SBI launches RuPay platinum debit card with NPCI_ State Bank of India launched a RuPay platinum
debit card in association with National Payment Corporation of India (NPCI). The RuPay card comes
with a special feature for the convenience of customers that is accepted at all payment channels-ATMs,
PoS and e-commerce.
SBI- CITI BANK__ Air India may tie up with SBI, Citibank to raise funds through ECB
SBI-home loan rates for women_ which offer loans to women at 9.85 percent
SBI-INTOUCH_DIGITAL SERVICE launched in delhi , chennai, bangulure,mumbai.
SBI- COUNTRY first bank to set-up payment gateways to entire govt entities & small trades in online
market.
SBI -launched digital banking facilities . e-KYC , tab banking for customers.
SBI started accounts on_twitter , youtube , facebook
SBI - CMS info TIE TO SETUP -- 700 atms CMS --deploy (NAUTILAUS HYSOUNG ATMS)
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SBI touches NPAs -- 27% , 67999 crores
Programs launched by SBI recently:
SBI mCash: Enables you to transfer money to anyone by just knowing their mobile number or e-mail ID,
irrespective of whether they bank with SBI or not.
Quick Transfer: Enables you to send upto Rs. 5000/- to anyone through mobile banking without
registration of beneficiary.
SBI Quick: Access basic banking services through a simple Missed Call or an SMS.
Online Overdraft against Fixed Deposit: Provides instant overdraft facility against e-TDR/e-STDR
through Internet Banking.
Online Loan against shares: This online facility enables you to apply for loan against shares which are
held in your Demat Account of SBI Cap Securities. The whole processing is fully automated and the loan
amount gets credited to your account without any visits to the branch.
Online Loan Application Portal: A platform to apply forHome/Car/Education/Personal loans. Also
enables you to check your loan eligibility and get instant e-approval.
Digital Banking Outlets: Experience state-of-the-art digital banking at "sbiINTOUCHLite" branches
already live at select centres. They propose to scale up the numbers during the current year.
Tie up with m-Commerce/e-Commerce players: The Bank has entered into MoUs with leading ecommerce players like Amazon & Snapdeal to explore ways to make our shopping experience
smoother and happier. They are running very exciting and attractive cash back deals from time to time.
SBI e-corners: 24 X 7 facilities to deposit, withdraw, transfer money, update passbook and use host of
other facilities.
Contactless Debit Card: Enables you to make fast, convenient and secure payment for everyday
purchases by simply tapping your card.
State Bank Tech Learning Centre: Equips you to take advantage of the latest technology at SBI through
interactive learning programmes held across the country. Also, can view tutorials on various
functionalities by visiting their page on You Tube.
SBI partners with MakeMyTrip for travel biz In its series of digital initiatives and tie-ups, State Bank of
India, countrys largest bank, partnered with online travel company MakeMyTrip.com to capitalise on
the business opportunities of the booming e-commerce and m-commerce ecosystem.
1.Allahabad Bank
Allahabad Bank InstaPay Bill Payment
Akshay Krishi Kisan Credit Card Scheme, A unique Scheme to provide adequate and timely credit
support under a single window to the farmers for their cultivation and other needs.
AB Aashiana Scheme allahabad housing scheme --Maximum Amount: Up to Rs 500 Lac.
2.Canara Bank
Canara Mobile Wallet (m-Wallet)--existing limit of Rs. 5,000/- per day per customer to Rs.
1,00,000/- per day per customer with a monthly cap of Rs. 1,00,000/ CanMobile A mobile banking product to our customers. It is simple, safe, secure, swift and
instant.
National Unified USSD (Unstructured Supplementary Service Data)--Dial *99#.,Balance Enquiry,
Mini Statement last 5 transactions, IMPS Funds Transfer (Mobile No. & MMID), IMPS Funds
Transfer (Account No. & IFSC Code), Change M-PIN
3.Andhra Bank
DOCTOR PLUS LOANS TO CATER TO THE CREDIT NEEDS OF QUALIFIED MEDICAL PRACTIONERS
INCLUDING DENTAL SURGEONS, PHYSIOTHERAPISTS AND RADIOLOGISTS.
AB BillPay services
4.Bank of Baroda
Bobcard BBA cobranded Platinum Credit Card is an attempt to pay gratitude to enduring and
enriching relationship of Bank of Baroda and Bombay Bullion Association over several years.
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BOB Suvidha Fixed Deposit Scheme__A product offering a combination of competitive interests as
well as easy liquidity. A convenient way of utilising your deposits giving you the best of both, longterm as well as short-term deposit plans
5.Central Bank of India
AZADI e-debit card -- independence day issue card
Cent-lakhpathi scheme by central bank of india
Women Ent Cell -- women entrenpenur scheme
6.Corporation Bank
Corp Kiran --target group for all the activities shall be persons from weaker sections of the society.
The Association would enlist support of Banks employees / ex-employees, their family members,
NGOs, SHGs, State Governments, District Administration, local bodies etc in project execution.
corporation bank --APKE DUKAN --LOAN TO OWN A SHOP
CORPORATION BANK SME credits _Corp Artisans Credit Card
Corp Weavers Credit Card
Credit Linked Capital Subsidy Scheme (CLCSS)
Technology Upgradation Fund Scheme (TUFS)
Corp Timber Traders Loan
Prime Ministers Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP)
Corp Vanitha Udyog Scheme (CVUS)
corporation bank tie up MUDRA BANK -- for SME CARDS
7.Bank of India
boi -- easy pay --for sending & receving money solutions
Star Laghu Udyami Samekat Loan
Star SME Liquid Plus
BOI Star Vyapar
BOI Star Yuva Account
BOI Star Mahila SB Account
BOI Star Senior Citizen SB Account
BOI Star Gurukul SB Account
BOI Salary Plus Account Scheme
Star Suraksha SB Plus Account
8.Dena Bank
DENA e TRADE (On Line Trading in shares)
Dena MConnect the convenient and secure way to conduct banking transaction in your account
using your mobile handset
Dena Laxmi Shiksha Protsahan Yojana
Credit facilities to Minority Communities - 121 Minority Concentrated Districts
9.Bank of Maharashtra
MAHA mobile banking
Bank of Maharashtra Introduces Purple Privileges Account for HNIs
Mahabank Parivar participated in RUN FOR UNITY
Bank of Maharashtra paid Rs.67.87 Cr dividend to Govt. of India
10.ECGC
Smt. Geetha Muralidhar appointed as New Chairman cum Managing Director of ECGC Limited
Honble Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Commerce and Industry visit to ECGC Head
office at Mumbai on 07-03-2015
ECGC Ltd. handed over a Claim Cheque to PNB on account of M/s Veetee Fine Foods Ltd.
Shield for Excellent Official Language Implementation by Ministry of Commerce during 2013-14
Indira Gandhi Rajbhasha Award 2013-14
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Shri N. Shankar, Chairman-cum-Managing Director, ECGC Ltd. has demitted the office of CMD, on
18-10-2014 on completion of his 3 years tenure.
ECGC is in process of seeking online feedback regarding its services from the exporter clients.
Policy holders may kindly contact the nearest branch office of ECGC
ECGC signs MOU with ECAs of BRICS countries
11.Bharatiya Mahila Bank
Bharatiya Mahila Bank wins The Asian Banker Achievement Award 2015
Bharatiya Mahila Bank Opens 75th And 76th Branch
Bharatiya Mahila Bank inaugurates its Gold branch in Mysore
Bharatiya Mahila Bank Launches Doctors Loan and Her Auto Loan
Bharatiya Mahila Bank Bharatiya Yuva Shakti Trust MoU to promote young entrepreneurs
Bharatiya Mahila Bank recently soft launched two rural branches - one branch in Raja Ulatu, Ranchi
District, Jharkhand
BMB Sponsors ABAHONI Artisans Crafts Bazaar And Handloom Expo 2015
BMB annpoorna -- catering service loans
BMB parvrish -- central baby care loan
BMB sarswathi -- for girl child education loan
BMB sringaar -- beauty parlour loan
12.EXIM Bank
EXIM Bank Announces the Winner of IERA 2014
EXIM Bank co-promotes a Project Development Company in Africa
Exim Bank of India has signed an MOU with the Brazilian Development Bank
Exim Bank of India along with other member Development Banks of BRICS Nations signed an
agreement expressing their intent to cooperate with the New Development Bank
Exim Bank announces 27th edition of its International Economic Research Award
13.IDBI Bank
IDBI "GO mobile " BANKING
Jeevan Pramaan Yojna - Digital Life
MoU with FICCI-CMSME for extending MSE loans
14.Syndicate Bank
SYND SMART GEN -- small account for childrens education
SYND SMART she -- saving products for women
SYND SME -- for small and medium micro loans
SYND jewellers -- for gold jewleers bussiness people
15.Indian Bank
e-Purse DEBIT CARDS
INDPAY -- MOBILE BANKING
16.UCO Bank
UCO Bank has been awarded 1st Prize in the category of Best Bank for operational performance for
2014.
UCO BANK RANK's 7th in large banks category in India's Best Banks: 2014 rankings by BT-KPMG
UCO YATRA LOAN SCHEME--To meet the expenses (like airfare/Train/Bus charges,expenses for
accommodation, sight-seeing, etc.) forgoing for pilgrimage/tours/excursions/medical treatment
etc.
17.Indian Overseas Bank
IOB is proud to Launch IOB mPassbook, IOB Mobile and IOB Self Passbook Kiosk-- ON august 15th
2015
18.Union Bank of India
UMOBILE- a milestone in banking field- provides the customers a secure and convenient means of
banking and commerce from anywhere anytime
13 | P a g e

Kisan ATMs in rural areas to serve the customers of our remote rural branches.
19.Oriental Bank of Commerce
Mobile Banking- "OBCmPAY"
OBC --PMEGP e-Tracking System
Tied up with canara bank , hsbc for insurance products
OBC e-Shoppe--online shopping and other utility payments through various consolidators.
20 .United Bank of India
UNITED MBANKING -- Mobile banking facility
United quick pay -- e banking facility
21.Punjab National Bank
PNB is having its representative offices in Dubai (UAE), Sydney (Australia) and Shanghai
(China). Bank has got permission for opening or representative offices in Dhaka (Bangladesh) and
Yangon (Myanmar).
Bank is looking forward to upgrade its Representative Office in Australia to full fledged branch.
Bank has three overseas subsidiaries viz. PNB International limited in UK with 7 branches, JSC
SB PNB Kazakhstan with 4 branches and Druk PNB Bank Ltd, Bhutan with 6 branches.
Bank has a Joint Venture in Nepal with Everest Bank Ltd.
Bank is also exploring possibilities for establishing its presence in Sri Lanka, Mozambique, Brazil and
South Africa.
Bank has launched PNB Ladli scheme for popularization of education among girls of Rural / Semi
urban areas.
Bank has also launched PNB Asha Kiran to accelerate pace of women empowerment and
development in rural areas
PNB Ujala Scheme for providing 4 solar street lights in the
adopted villages and a solar lantern to each girl student adopted under PNB Ladli Scheme
22.Vijaya Bank
V Genuth Savings Bank Account--Saving Bank account designed for Children - Age day 1 and above.
Students undergoing various courses are also eligible
Account can be opened with minimum initial deposit of Rs.10/- and can continue with Zero balance
Cheque book and withdrawal facility provided for children above twelve years
V-ABACUS Tab Banking offers the convenience of opening a bank account for customer, from
home or office. With ABACUS Tab Banking, customer can now enjoy a faster and smoother account
opening experience with VIJAYA Bank
23.Punjab & Sind Bank
PSB Kisan Suvida Scheme (PSB KSS)
Punjab & Sind Bank has launched the e-KYC Service
Launch of IMPS Facility in PSB Mobile Banking Services
Introduction of Punjab and Sind Bank MasterCard ATM cum Debit Card
PPF AND SENIOR CITIZEN SAVING SCHEME
LIST OF BRANCHES NOMINATED FOR PPF AND SENIOR CITIZEN SAVING SCHEME
HOUSING LOANS:SWITCH OVER TO PRESENT LOWER RATE OF INTEREST
DOCTORS SPECIAL LOAN SCHEME
SUKHMONEY SCHEME FOR SENIOR CITIZENS- REVERSE MORTAGE CONCEPT
#Children Special Bank Accounts
Pehli UdaanSaving Account -- SBI

Pehla Kadam Saving Account--SBI
CANARA JUNIOR SAVING ACCOUNT --Minor Students above the age of 10 years
Gen-Next Junior --Bank of baroda -Children upto 18 years of age.
BOI STAR YUVA ACCOUNT--Age group 21-35 years
Juniour syndian -- tommarow millioners -- syndicate bank-- BELOW 18 YEARS
14 | P a g e

Synd balasakthi -- for minor children above age group -10 years
Smart Star Saving Account-- ICICI Bank
Future Star Saving Account-Axis Bank
Zing Saving Account--ING Vysya Bank
My First Yes Account--Yes Bank
Kids Advantage Account--HDFC Bank
My Junior Account--Kotak Mahindra Bank
Power Kidz Account ---IDBI
Young Champ Saving Account--Federal Bank
TYPES & Various kinds of ATM
1. Handheld ATMS--Used in remote areas-DENA bank introduced in GUJRAT
2. Mini ATMs POS enabled --service with CASH-IN CASH -OUT through IMPS --used for pensions , govt
schemes , PDS public distributed system
3. MICRO ATMs--Used by Bussiness coresspondants ,BC handle physically
4. BIO-METRIC ATMs--Rural areas , Used by govt of india --for DBT (direct benefit transfer), MNREGA
scheme
5. On site ATM -within the premises of bank
6. Off site ATM - Outside the bank premises
7. White Label ATM - Provided by NBFC
8. Green Label ATM - Provided for Agricultural Transaction
9. Orange Label ATM - Provided for Share Transactions
10. Yellow Label ATM - provided for E-commerce
11. PINK label ATM---women banking
12. BROWN label ATM-- ATM are those Automated Teller Machines where hardware and the lease of
the ATM machine is owned by a service provider--but cash management and connectivity to
banking networks is provided by a sponsor bank
LATEST CARDS BY BANKS
Airtel money - AXIS BANK + AIRTEL
Federal bank --Federal Bank introduces Online Religious Offering facility
E-Wallet - IRCTC
Facebook-based funds transfer platform KayPay - Kotak Mahindra Bank
First home grown INDEX "COMPOSITE INDEX" - SBI
Indias first transparent credit card in association with American Express - ICICI
India's first credit card exclusively for GOLF LOVERS - RBL Bank
Instant money transfer - BOI
Instant Money Transfer (IMT) - Bank of India
Maha Millionaire, Maha Lakhpati - Bank of Maharashtra
BINGO CARD -- BANK OF INDIA ---STUDENTS Exclusively for students , The Master BINGO Card can
be issued to youth between the ages of 15 years to 25years
Star Vidya Card --BANK OF INDIA This is also a proprietary card exclusively given to students who
are studying
M-Wallet - Canara Bank
Indusind & federal bank --Video conferencing banking
IndPay - Mobile App Indian Bank
Ping n pay- axis bank
Tatkal sbi
15 | P a g e

Latest APPs by Banks
STATE BANK OF INDIA
SBI- BUDDY
Youth for India Fellow ship program
Twitter handle account
Tab banking facility
E-Forex
E-KYC
State Bank Freedom App - State Bank of India
Boutique financing scheme
SBI -any where -- retail banking solutions
SBI m-CASH -- quick way money ransfer solutions
SBI--PAY-PAL - CREDIT CARD & PAY-NET - DEBIT CARD
SBI--contactless debit and credit cards
SBI-FEDERAL BANK _ Co-branded credit cards
SBI mCash-Enables you to transfer money to anyone by just knowing their mobile number or e-mail
ID
State Bank Foreign Travel Card is a prepaid Foreign Currency card that makes your foreign trip
trouble-free and convenient. It is a Chip based Card which stores encrypted and confidential
information. It offers you a convenient and secure way to carry cash anywhere in the world (valid
worldwide except in India, Nepal and Bhutan). State Bank Foreign Travel Card is available in eight
Foreign Currencies viz. US Dollars (USD), Pound Sterling (GBP), Euro (EUR), Canadian Dollar (CAD),
Australian Dollar (AUD), Japanese Yen (YEN), Saudi Riyal (SAR) and Singapore Dollar (SGD). We will
shortly be adding UAE Dirham (AED), Thai Baht (THB) Hong Kong Dollar (HKD) and Malaysian Ringgit
(MYR).
sbiINTOUCHLite--Digital Banking Outlets
SBI e-corners24 X 7--facilities to deposit, withdraw, transfer money, update passbook and use host
of other facilities
Haj pilgrims from India will be provided State Bank of India's (SBI) foreign travel cards that can be
operated in any ATMs or cash points in Saudi Arabia
SBI-Quick -- Missed call banking
SBI Quick Transfer: Enables you to send upto Rs. 5000
ICICI
ICICI--Smart vault --safety locker system
Digital banking "POCKETs"
Student travel card
m -pesa - icici+vodafone
I-Mobile app for windows phone
EMI ON DEBIT CARD - ICICI BANK
Digital village akodara--gujarat
Branch on wheel --Odisha
Speech recognization password
ICICI --TAP & PAY --it transfer with moment or payments out of cash
HDFC
HDFC --- launched a 10 second paperless instant loan plan
HDFC Bank launches PayZapp--- first 1-click mobile-pay solution
HDFC -- secure + -- high secuity & safe cards
HDFC-- i watch banking -apple
16 | P a g e
AXIS
DDA Housing Scheme 2014 - HDFC Bank

HDFC --Hajj Umrah Card-- HAJJ piligrims
HDFC Bank Limited has launched an exclusive 'ForexPlus' card for people making the Haj and Umrah
pilgrimages
HDFC Bank launches Chillr -- phone book can send immediate money
ASHA home loan -- online loan access upto 25lakhs
AXIS kisan card -- CREDIT to farmers
BANK NAME
CMD
HEADQUARTER
TAGLINE
StateBank of India
Arundhati
Bhattacharya
(Chairman)
Jyoti Ghosh ,MD
Mumbai
The banker to every Indian.
Jaipur
The Nation banks on us.
Hyderabad
Modern.Innovative.Dependable
Patiala
State Bank of Mysore
Santanu
Mukherjee,MD
S. A. Ramesh
Rangan,MD
Sharad Sharma,MD
State Bank of
Travancore
Jeevandas
Narayan,MD
Thiruvananthap
uram
Blending Modernity with

Tradition
Working for a better
tommorow.
A long tradition of trust.
State Bank of Bikaner &

Jaipur
State Bank of
Hyderabad
State Bank of Patiala
Bengaluru
Nationalised Banks
BANK NAME
Allahabad Bank
Andhra Bank
HEADQUARTER
Kolkata
Hyderabad
TAGLINE
A tradition of trust.
Where India Banks
Bank of Baroda
CMD
Rakesh Sethi
Satish Kumar Karla
(Additional charge)
P.S .Jaykumar
Vadodara,Gujarat
Bank of India
Melwyn O Rego
Mumbai
Bank of Maharastra
Canara Bank
Central Bank of India
Sushil Muhnot
Rakesh Sharama
Rajeev Rishi
Pune
Bangalore
Mumbai
Corporation Bank
Dena Bank
Indian Bank
Sadhu ram Bansal

Ashwini Kumar
Mahesh Kumar
Jain(Additional charge)
R.Koteeswaran
Mangalore,Karnataka
Mumbai
Chennai
India's International
Bank.
Relationship beyond
banking.
One family One Bank.
Together we can.
Central to you since
1911.
Prosperity for all
Trusted Family Bank
Your Tech Friendly Bank
Oriental Bank of
Commerce
BANK NAME
Animesh Chauhan
Gurgaon,Haryana
CMD
HEADQUARTER
Good people to grow

with
Where every individual
is commited
TAGLINE
Punjab & Sind Bank
S.Jatinder bir singh
New Delhi
Where service is a way
Indian Overseas Bank
Chennai
17 | P a g e
Punjab National bank
New Delhi
Syndicate Bank
UCO Bank
Union Bank of India
Usha
Ananthasubramaniyam
Arun Shrivastava
Arun Kaul
Arun Tiwari
United bank of India
P.Srinivas
Kolkata
Vijaya Bank
Kishore kumar sansai
Bangalore
Bharatiya Mahila Bank Usha

Ananthasubramanian
IDBI Bank
Kishore piraji kharat
New Delhi
NABARD
Harsh Kumar Bhanwala
Mumbai
Exim Bank
Yaduvendra Mathur
Mumbai
ECGC
Geetha Muralidhar
Mumbai
Manipal,Karnataka
Kolkata
Mumbai
Mumbai
of life
The name you can bank
upon
Faithful and Friendly
Honours Your trust
Good people to bank
with
The bank that begins
with u
A friend u can bank
upon
Empowering Women,
Empowering India.
Banking for allAAo
Sochein Bada
Revitalizing rural India
through urban support
Together towards
Tomorrow.
You Focus on
Exports.We cover the
risks.
Private Sector Banks

BANK NAME
Axis Bank
Chairman
Sanjiv Misra
MD&CEO
Shikha Sharma
HEADQUARTER
Mumbai
ICICI Bank
Chanda Kochhar
Mumbai
YES Bank
Rana Kapoor
Mumbai
HDFC Bank
Aditya Puri
Mumbai
Romesh Sobti
Mumbai
IndusInd Bank
R.Seshasayee
Kotak Mahindra
Bank
Catholic Syrian
Bank
City Union Bank
Uday Kotak
Mumbai
S.SanthanKrishnan Anand
Krishnamurthy
N.Kamakodi
Thrissur,Kerala
Dhanlaxmi Bank
Federal Bank
T.Y.Prabhu
Abraham Koshy
Jammu&Kashmir
Bank
Karnataka Bank
Mushtaq Ahmad
Kumbakonam
G.Sreeram
Thrissur,Kerala
Shyam
Kerala
Srinivasan
Mushtaq Ahmad Srinagar,J&K
P Jayarama Bhat
Mangaluru,karnataka
TAGLINE
Badhti ka naam
Zindagi
Hum Hai
Na,Khyal Apka
Experience our
expertise
We understand
your world
We make u feel
richer
Lets make
money simple
Support all the
way.
Trust and
Excellence since
1904
Tann.Mann.Dhan
Your perfect
Banking Partner
Serving to
Empower
Your Family Bank
across India
18 | P a g e

Karur Vysya Bank Katta Pradyumna
kumar
Lakshmi Vilas
Bank
K.Venkataraman Karur
Rakesh Sharma
Karur
Nainital Bank
Suresh Kumar
Gupta
Vishwavir Ahuja
V.G.Mathew
Nainital,Uttarakhand
HS Upendra
Kamath
Tuticorin
Suresh Kumar
Gupta
Ratnakar Bank
South Indian
Bank
Tamilnad
Mercantile Bank
HS Upendra
Kamath
Kolhapur,Maharashtra
Thrissur,Kerala
Smart way to
Bank
The changing
face of
prosperity
Banking with
personal touch
Experience next
generation
Banking
Be a step ahead
of life
#MACROECONOMICS
NATIONAL INCOME
* National income first time coined by -- Dadabai nauarji --1868
* First time scientific national income calcuated by --V.K.R.V.Rao-1931
National income is a flow not a stock concept
In india ,national income estimates are realted with financial year
(1st april to 31st march)
GNP (Gross national product) _
GNP refers to the money value of total output or production of final goods and service produced by the
national income during a given period ,i.e ayear
GNP = GDP +(X-M)* , X= export, GDP=Gross domestic product , M= import
* If export = import or X=M , then GNP = GDP and it is a condition for a closed economy X=M=0 GDP(Gross
domestic product) - It is the total money value of all goods and service
produced with in the
geographical boundaries of the country during a given year
GDP = GNP -(X-M)
NNP net national income _ NNP is obtained by substracting depreciation value from GNP
NNP = GNP - depreciation*
When NNP is obtained at factor cost , it is known as national income
NATIONAL INCOME (NI)-- National income is calculated by substracting the net indirect taxes form NNP at
market prices
NNP at Factor cost or NI --NNP at Market prices - indirect taxes + subsidie
NNP at Market prices --NNP at fator cost + indirect taxes - subsidies
GNP at Market prices --GDP at market prices + NET factor income earned from abroad
NNP at Market prices --GNP at market prices - consumption of fixed capital
Per capital income _N.I.at constant prices / population *
National income estmates by various departments & established as per time sense
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Dept of commerce --1945-46

National income committee-- p.c.mahalnobis
CSO central statstics office --1951
ISI - Indian statistical instution-- 1950
NSSO -- national sample survey organisation--1956
NCAER-- National council for applied economic research --1956
DES -- directorate of economics & statisctics--1956
ASI -- annual survey of insustries 1980
19 | P a g e

INFLATION
"General increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money"
at the time of inflation_
National income > Economy
Demand > Supply
Buyers > Sellers
Moneysupply > Goods & Services
* Note _ It is opposite applicable to Deflation
Inflation gap _ short term as well as long term
Deflation gap _ short term as well as long term gap
* Short term _ Will boost for both buyers , sellers benefits for short term inflation
Long term -- faces more problem
Inflation measurement _
* It was measured by ministry of statictics and program implementation --CSO
RATES
0-3% -- Creeping infaltion
3-7% -- Walking inflation
7-9% -- Running inflation
>10% -- Hyper infaltion
*NOTE _ 4% of infaltion called -- comfort zone inflation(CZI)*
Methods to measure inflation_
1. METHOD-1_
CPI & WPI -- CPI -- Basket of 576 items __ average of consumer goods
WPI -- Basket of 678 items _ Average of consumer goods + capital goods
2.METHOD-2 _
Comparison method or base year method -- comparing the present goods value with the base year value
goods
3.METHOD-3 _
Inflation rate method :
(Pin)- (Pin-1)/(PIN-1)
-->(Pin-1)-- previous year (2014-15)--100 value
--> Pin -- present year (2015-16)--200 value
200-100/100*100-- 100% raise
Deflation--is a decrease in the general price level of goods and services.
Disflation--is a decrease in the rate of inflation a slowdown in the rate of increase of the general price
level of goods and services in a nation's gross domestic product over time
Reflation-- is the act of stimulating the economy by increasing the money supply or by reducing taxes,
seeking to bring the economy,back up to the long-term trend
Stag flation-- is a situation in which the inflation rate is high, the economic growth rate slows down,
and unemployment remains steadily high.
Depression --is a sustained, long-term downturn in economic activity in one or more economies
Recession--temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced,
generally identified by a fall in GDP in two successive
Cost-push Inflation- General prices of goods and services in the economy rises due to an increase in
production cost. Such types of Inflation are caused by three factors (i) an increase in wages, (ii) an
increase in profit and (iii) imposition of heavy tax.
Demand- pull inflation -The most common cause of inflation is the pressure of ever-rising demand on a
less rapidly increasing supply of goods and services. The expansion in aggregate demand may be the
20 | P a g e

result of rapidly increasing private investment and/or spending government money for war or for
economic development.
VARIOUS TYPES OF INFLATION WHICH MAKES ECONOMY UPs/down from various sector
1. Demand pull inflation
2. cost push inflation
3. Mixed inflation ->Demand pull inflation+cost push inflation
4. profit pull inflation
5. Suppressed inflation
6. open infaltion
7. partial or semi infaltion
8. structural inflation or bottle neck inflation or instutuional inflation
9. Mark up inflation
10. demand transfer inflation or sector wise inflation
11. core inflation or agflation
Reasons for inflation --Capital formation, defecit finance, Devalution, problems & scarcity of other areas,
future market, black money, food inflation, easy money
Agriculture
Agriculture comes under primary sector like agriculture , forestry , fisheries , farming ,grazing,
extracting of oil & gas , mining , quarrying ,hunting , gathering etc are all comes under primary
sector .
Primary sector contributes --65% labour work force , 21% in earning for indian economy
share of agriculture in national income -- 14.3 % of gdp
Agricultural crops divided based on seasons_
KHARIF -- sown around April & harvesting begins October
KHARIF Crops:millet and rice Maize ,Mung bean (green gram) ,Urad bean (black gram)
RABI --sown around mid-November & harvesting begins in April/May
Rabi Crops: Wheat, mustard,barley,Maize ,Gram ,Onion ,Tomato Potato ,Oat
Agricultural crops divided into 2 groups
Food grains _ Wheat, rice , jowar , bajra, maize, pulses
Non- food grains _include cash crops like oil seeds , sugar cane cotton , jute etc
*Commerical crops -- cotton , sugar , jute , tea, coffee
Money
Concept of money belongs to the demand since buyers having demand.
money came from word " JUNTO MANTO "-- Roman
* money should be minted in proportional to goods
if MS > GS ( money supply grater than goods supply prices leads inflation
Money market
Money refers to the mechanism where by borrowers manage to obtian shortterm loanable funds on the
one hand and lenders succed in getting credit worthy borrowers for their money on the other .
Money market basic things
BUYERS > SELLERS
DEMAND > SUPPLY
Nature of money
Nature of money in the economic system available in the form of .
Buyers , popluation , demand , money supply , national income , aggregate demand
21 | P a g e

Money supply in india maninly consitutue with
RBI + GOI + BANKS
RBI -- has capability to printing currency -- through legal tender method
GOI-- lower money printed by minister of finance
BANKS-- they are supply agency , and having velocity power since they having capacity
having
deposit money
DEFECIT FINANCE -- "Minting of currency beyond the limit is named as defecit currecny "
Money evalution
1.barter system -- exchange the items
2.goods as money -- echange of goods w.r.t to money .. sheeps , cloths , dice , elephant tusk
3.metal as money -- coins , gold ,silver ,copper, nickel alloy metal money
paper currency -- paper currency that is circulated for transaction-related purposes. The printing of paper
money is typically regulated by a country's central bank/treasury in order to keep the flow of money in line
with monetary policy.
concept of money
Hot money ---Money which swifts from one country to another country in order to upgrade itself is called
as hot money
FIAT MONEY -- Fiat money is money that can be used as tender but does not have a physical commodity,
such as gold or silver, linked to it, *extrinsic value > intrinsic value
NEAR MONEY
assets which can readily be converted into cash, such as bills of exchange.
CALL MONEY
money loaned by a bank or other institution which is repayable on demand.
DEAR MONEY or tight money
A situation in which money or loans are very difficult to obtain in a given country. If you do have the
opportunity to secure a loan, then interest rates are usually extremely high
CHEAP MONEY--loan or credit with a low interest rate, or the setting of low interest rates by a central bank
PRECAUTIONARY MONEY
unexpected financial crisis economic situation , keep people to save gold with themselves called as
precautionary money
NETRUAL MONEY
if an economy is having , the capacity to maintian steady price for longer period , named as netrual money
* GS == MS ( goods suppy = money supply)
DEPOSIT MONEY
the money which is maintianed by the banks named as deposit money also calleda s creadit agencies
*example -- DFIs, commerical banks , coperatives , RRBs , NBFCs
SMART MONEY
The process by which experienced investors and traders who tend to evaluate and find investment
opportunities before anyone is known
credit cards , debit card, cash card
PLASTIC MONEY--Plastic money is a term that is used predominantly in reference to the hard plastic cards
we use everyday in place of actual bank notes. They can come in many different forms such as cash cards,
credit cards, debit cards, pre-paid cash cards and store cards.
RESERVE MONEY
It is a measure of money multiplier. Money multiplier shows the mechanism by which reserve money
creates money supply in the economy. It is again dependent on two variables, namely currency deposit
ratio and reserve deposit ratio.
22 | P a g e

STANDARD MONEY - Monetary unit which is designated by a government to serve as the basis of its
currency system and into which other types of money in the country are convertible& compare standard of
value.
* intrinsic value = extrinsic value
INDIA COINAGE ACT -- FOR printing of coins
indian coinage age act -- 1906
INDIAN COINAGE ACT -2011 was passed by the loksabha on march 25 , 2011
the bill amalgamte th efollowing 4 acts and one ordiance
1. The indian coinage act - 1906
2. The small coins (offence ) act -1971
3. The metal token act -1889
4. The bronze coin (legal tender ) act -1918
5. The cuurency ordiance act -- 1940
MINIMUM RESERVE SYSTEM_
Currency with the Public:
i. Ac-cording to the modem economic thinking the magnitude of currency issued should be determined
by the monetary needs of the economy and not by the available reserves of gold and silver. As in other
developed countries, since 1957 Reserve Bank of India follows Minimum Reserve System of issuing
currency.
ii. Under this system, minimum reserves of Rs. 200 crores of gold and other approved securities gold -115 crores / currency -- 85 crores .
TYPES OF MONEY SUPPLY
1. M0-- Reservemoney/ govt money/ base money/high power money/momey multiplier
2. M0 = C + OD + CR
C= currency in circulation
OD = other deposits with RBI
CR = CASH RESERVE RATIO with RBI
3. M1-- Narrow money/ high circulated money/ high liquidity money
M1 = C + DD + OD
C= Currency in circualtion
DD = demand deposits == CD(current deposits ) + SD(saving deposits)
OD = other deposits with RBI
4. M2 = M1 + Post office savings as deposits (DD)
5. M3 = M1 + TD time deposits (TD = RD(recurring deposits ) + FD(fixed deposits)
6. M4 = M3 + POST OFFICE DEPOSITS
NM1/NM2/NM3-- REVISED money
NM1 = C+ OD + DD
NM2= NM1 + STD(short ter deposits )
NM3= NM2 + long term deposits + call money
New calculations
L1 = NM3 + All deposits with post offices (NSC) national saving scheme
L2 = L1 + Term deposits of lending institutions + term borrowings of lending insutuions + CD issued by
financial institutions
23 | P a g e
L3 = L2 + NBFCs Deposits
#Banking
Banking is the base for 2 sector model of indian economy
Economic vehicle = GDS( gross domestic savings ) + GDI ( gross domestic investments)
Economic vehicle is balanced by -- banking
under the indian money market the RBI occupies the central position because it regulates and controls the
credit supply of the country . indian money market divided into 2 parts
1.organised sector
2.unorganised sector
Organised sector includes = state bank of india + associates + 19 nationalised banks + RRBs + cooperative
banks + NGOs + other banks
unorganised sector includes _ money lenders + indigenous bankers
Reserve bank of india

Establishment
The Reserve Bank of India was established on April 1, 1935 in accordance with the provisions of the
Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934.
The Central Office of the Reserve Bank was initially established in Calcutta but was permanently
moved to Mumbai in 1937.
Though originally privately owned, since nationalisation in 1949, the Reserve Bank is fully owned by
the Government of India.
The Reserve Bank's affairs are governed by a central board of directors. The board is appointed by
the Government of India in keeping with the Reserve Bank of India Act.
Appointed/nominated for a period of four years Constitution:
Official Directors_Full-time : Governor and not more than four Deputy Governors
Governor--Dr. Raghuram Rajan*
Deputy Governor_
1. Shri H.R. Khan
2. Dr. Urjit R. Patel
3. Shri R. Gandhi
4. Shri S. S. Mundra
Non-Official Directors -- 11 total recently added = rajiv mehrishi + hasmukh adhia
Nominated by Government: ten Directors from various fields and one government Official
Others: four Directors - one each from four local board
Financial Supervision
The Reserve Bank of India performs this function under the guidance of the Board for Financial Supervision
(BFS). The Board was constituted in November 1994 as a committee of the Central Board of Directors of
the Reserve Bank of India.
Objective
Primary objective of BFS is to undertake consolidated supervision of the financial sector comprising
commercial banks, financial institutions and non-banking finance companies.
I. Acts administered by Reserve Bank of India
1. Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934
2. Public Debt Act, 1944/Government Securities Act, 2006
3. Government Securities Regulations, 2007
4. Banking Regulation Act, 1949
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5. Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999
6. Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act,
2002 (Chapter II)
7. Credit Information Companies(Regulation) Act, 2005
8. Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007
9. Payment and Settlement Systems Regulations, 2008 and Amended up to 2011 and BPSS
Regulations, 2008
10. The Payment and Settlement Systems (Amendment) Act, 2015 - No. 18 of 2015
11. Factoring Regulation Act, 2011
II. Other relevant Acts
1. Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881
2. Bankers' Books Evidence Act, 1891
3. State Bank of India Act, 1955
4. Companies Act, 1956/ Companies Act, 2013
5. Securities Contract (Regulation) Act, 1956
6. State Bank of India Subsidiary Banks) Act, 1959
7. Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation Act, 1961
8. Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1970
9. Regional Rural Banks Act, 1976
10. Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1980
11. National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Act, 1981
12. National Housing Bank Act, 1987
13. Recovery of Debts Due to Banks and Financial Institutions Act, 1993
14. Competition Act, 2002
15. Indian Coinage Act, 2011 : Governs currency and coins
16. Banking Secrecy Act
17. The Industrial Development Bank (Transfer of Undertaking and Repeal) Act, 2003
18. The Industrial Finance Corporation (Transfer of Undertaking and Repeal) Act, 1993
Main Functions
Monetary Authority:
Formulates, implements and monitors the monetary policy.
Objective: maintaining price stability and ensuring adequate flow of credit to productive sectors.
Regulator and supervisor of the financial system:
Prescribes broad parameters of banking operations within which the country's banking and
financial system functions.
Objective: maintain public confidence in the system, protect depositors' interest and provide costeffective banking services to the public.
Manager of Foreign Exchange
Manages the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999.
Objective: to facilitate external trade and payment and promote orderly development and
maintenance of foreign exchange market in India.
Issuer of currency:
Issues and exchanges or destroys currency and coins not fit for circulation.
Objective: to give the public adequate quantity of supplies of currency notes and coins and in good quality.
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Developmental role
Performs a wide range of promotional functions to support national objectives.
Related Functions
Banker to the Government: performs merchant banking function for the central and the state
governments; also acts as their banker.
Banker to banks: maintains banking accounts of all scheduled banks.
Offices
Has 19 regional offices, most of them in state capitals and 9 Sub-offices.
Training Establishments
Has five training establishments
Two, namely
1. College of Agricultural Banking and Reserve Bank of India
2. Staff College are part of the Reserve Bank
Others are autonomous_
3. National Institute for Bank Management
4. Indira Gandhi Institute for Development Research (IGIDR)
5. Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology (IDRBT)
Quantative & Qualitative credit control
I. quantative credit control is to establish control over the total quantitiy of credit in the country.
II. qualitative credit control the central bank takes the help of bank rate , open market operations ,
SLR , CRR , rationing of credit , regualtion of consumer credit , moral suasion , variation in margin
requirement
RATES INTRODUCED in the years, repo rate -- 1992, revers repo rate -- 1996, bank rate --1934, LAF - 1999
Bank Rate: Bank rate is the rate at which the RBI is prepared to buy or rediscount eligible bills of exchange
or other commercial papers. In simple words, bank rate is the rate at which RBI extends advices (Credit) to
commercial banks. A change in the bank rate will result in a change in the prime lending rate of banks and
thus act as an independent instrument of monetary control.
Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR): Cash reserve ratio is the cash parked by the banks in their specified current
account maintained with RBI. In other words, it is the percentage of deposit (both demand and time
deposit) which a bank has to keep with the RBI. RBI is empowered to vary the CRR between 3% to 15%. The
purpose of reducing CRR is to leave large cash reserve with banks so as to enable them to expand bank
credit. Similarly increasing of CRR means squeezing the cash reserve of the banks and limits their credit
providing capacity
Statutory liquidity Ratio (SLR): Statutory liquidity ratio is the liquid assets commercial banks maintain with
the RBI in the form of cash (book value), gold (current market value) and balances in unencumbered
approved securities. At present SLR is 21.50% of the total demand and time deposit liabilities of the bank.
However, RBI can change SLR from time to time. Both CRR and SLR reduce or increase the capacity to
expand credit to business and industry. Thus both of these are anti-inflationary.
# MONEY MARKET
Open Market Operations (OMO): The buying and selling of eligible securities in the money market by RBI
for the purpose of curtailing or expanding the volume of credit. By selling securities the RBI can absorb
funds, and buying the securities can release funds also into the market. The purpose of OMO is to influence
the volume of cash reserves with the commercial banks and thus influence the volume of loans and
advances they can make to the industrial and commercial sector.
1. Selective Credit Controls: Under the Banking Regulation Act 1949, section 21 empowers RBI to
issue directives to the banking companies regarding their advance in order to check speculation and
rising prices. The controls are selective as they are used to control and check the rising tendency of
price and hording of certain individual commodities of common use. However, while imposing
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selective control, RBI takes care that bank credit for production and transportation of commodities
and exports is not affected. These are mainly focused on credit to traders who use such credit for
financing hoarding and speculation. Since 1956-57 RBI is employing this method.
2. Prime Lending Rate (PLR): It is rate of interest of which commercial banks lend to their prime high
profile blue chip corporate borrowers. (From 1990s banks are free to determine PLR).
3. Repo Rate: Repurchasing option is traded in this market for a short time periods. Repo is
Repurchasing by RBI.
4. Priority Sector Lending: It is lending to some particular sector at lower interest rate. RBI orders all
public sector banks to give 18% of credit to priority sector.
5. Market Stabilization Scheme: It is a scheme under which RBI buys and sells Government of India
securities in order to control liquidity.
6. Money in Circulation: Money in use to finance current transactions as distinct from idle money.
7. Investment Bank: A Bank that provides long term fixed capital for industry, generally by taking up
shares in limited companies.
8. Regional Rural Bank: It was established in 1975 under the provision of RRB Act 1976, with a view to
develop rural economy.
9. Lead Banking Scheme: Under this scheme all the nationalized banks and few private sector banks
were allowed specially and were asked to play the Lead Role. The lead banks act as a leader to
bring about co-ordination of cooperative banks, commercial banks and other financial institutions
in their respective demises to bring about rapid economic development.
10. Call Money: It is a loan that is made for a very short period i.e. for a few days only or for duration of
a week. It carries a low rate of interest. In case of a stock exchange market, the duration of call
money may be for a fortnight.
11. LIBOR: London Inter- Bank Offered Rate. An interest rate at which banks can bestow funds, in
marketable size, from other banks in London interbank market.
12. MIBOR: Mumbai Inter Banking Operative Rate.
13. Capital Deepening: It occurs when capital to LIBOR ratio increase in a country, it helps in economic
development of the country.
14. BASEL II: This norms assess the need for risk capital and replaces the minimum 9% capital adequacy
norm under BASEL-I. BASEL II enables greater transparency and banks will evaluate themselves.
15. CAMELS: Capital Adequacy, Asset Quality, Management, Earnings Liquidity and Systems.
16. Capital Adequacy Ratio: It is the ratio of total capital fund of a bank to its risk weighted assets. It is
an indicator of banks financial health.
17. Asset Reconstruction Company: Takes over the NPA of banks or financial institutions at cheaper
rate, reconstruct it and sells it and makes profit out of it. This helps in clearing the balance sheet of
banks.
18. Universal Banking: It is a banking scheme given by Khan Committee according to which conduction
of all financial activities under one roof by a bank or financial institution. In other words, this means
integration of roles of bank and other development banks.
19. Service Area Approach: Under this scheme, branches of commercial banks were allotted certain
specific semi-urban and rural areas. These branches were made more responsible for overall
development of prescribed areas. It was implemented in 1989.
20. Merchant Banking: It is an activity under which a bank take up portfolio management (Banks
advising their clients about management of fund) as well as banker to the issue of the company.
21. Urban co-operative bank --Urban Co-operative Banks (UCBs) though not formally defined, refers to
primary cooperative banks located in urban and semi-urban areas. These banks, till 1996, were
allowed to lend money only for non-agricultural purposes. This distinction does not hold today.
These banks were traditionally centered around communities, localities work place groups. They
essentially lent to small borrowers and businesses
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22. Land development bank--The special banks providing Long Term Loans are called Land
Development Banks, in the short, LDB.The history of LDB is quite old. The first LDB was started at
Jhang in Punjab in 1920. This bank is also based on Co-operative. The main objective of the LDB's
are to promote the development of land, agriculture and increase the agricultural production. The
LDBs provide long-term finance to members directly through their branches.
23. Greshems Law: Bed money (Black Money) pushes good money (White Money) out of circulation.
24. Bank of International Settlement: Based in Switzerland, gives the statement of international
monetary transactions. It is the one which gives CAMELS, BASEL.
# CAPITAL MARKETS -- SEBI(Regualted )

SEBI: Securities and Exchange Board of India. SEBI is the primary governing/regulatory body for the
securities market in India. All transactions in the securities market in India are governed and regulated by
SEBI. Its main functions are:
1. New issues (Initial Public Offering or IPO)
2. Listing agreement of companies with stock exchanges
3. Trading mechanisms
4. Investor protection
5. Corporate disclosure by listed companies etc.
Zero Coupon Bonds: Zero Coupon Bonds (also called as pure discount bonds) are bonds that pay no
periodic interest payments or so called Coupens. Zero coupon bonds are purchased at a discount from
their value at maturity. The holder of a Zero Coupon bond is entitled to receive a single payment, usually of
a specified sum of money at a specified time in future. Investors earn interest via difference between the
discounted price of the bond and its par (or redemption) value.
Undated Securities: Securities not bearing a redemption date or option.
Tap Issue: An issue of treasury bills to government departments and others at a fixed price stand, without
going through the market, as distinct from a tender issue.
Buy Back of Shares: Various individuals, financial institutions, directors of the company, hold company
shares. This indicates the ownership of the company, when a company is allowed to buy-back its shares. It
means it is increasing its ownership.
Penny Stocks: Penny stocks are securities or stocks which are sold by smaller new companies. They are
generally sold because companies are seeking money for expansion, basic operations, and even for the
commencement of business.
Participatory notes: These are notes issued by FIIs and some of the Indian based foreign banks.
GDR/ADR: Global Deposit Receipts (GDR) are popularly known as Euro issues i.e. shares of Indian
companies sold in the European market. When these shares of Indian companies are sold in the US capital
market they are called as American Deposit Receipts (ADR).
Black-Sholes Formula: A formula used to establish a fair price for options in financial markets.
Swap: A transaction in which securities of a certain value are sold to a buyer in exchange for the purchase
from the buyer of securities having the same value. The purpose being to obtain an improvement, in the
eyes of either of the parties, in the quality of the security or to anticipate a change in yield. Currency as
well as securities are swapped in this way.
Screen Based Book- where securities are auctioned through an anonymous screen based system, and the
price of which securities are sold is discovered in screen. This eliminates the delays, risks and
implementation difficulties associated with traditional procedures.
ESOP: Employee Stock Option.
Market Capitalisation: Total value of the equity in the present market price is called market capitalization.
Hedge Funds: They are basically private investment pools for wealthy, financially sophisticated investors.
Traditionally they have been organized as partnership, with the general partner managing the funds
portfolio.
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Mutual Funds: Funds set up on the principal of pooled risk and pooled resources with the purpose of giving
them the benefits of share market without exposing individually to the volatility of share market.
Venture Capital: Risk capital is called venture capital.
Sovereign Wealth Fund: It is state owned fund composed of financial assets such as stocks, bonds,
property or other financial investment.
Futures: Contracts made in a future market for the purchased or sale of commodities on a specified future
data. Futures provide a convenient mechanism for holding market risk. Future market forms an important
part of many organized commodity exchange or market.
NCDEX: National Commodity Derivatives Exchange. It is the largest commodity futures exchange.
Forward Market Commission: It is a regulatory body for commodity futures, and forward trade in India. It
was set up under Forward Contract (Regulation) Act 1952. Its headquarter is in Mumbai.
CARE: Credit Analysis and Research Ltd. It was started in November 1993. It was set up by IDBI.
ICRA: Investment Information and Credit Rating Agents of India Limited. It was established in 1991. It
primarily rates short, medium and long debt instruments. But, since 1995 it has been doing equity rating
also.
Voting Shares: Equity shares entitling holders to vote in the election of directors of a company. Normally
all ordinary shares are voting shares, but sometimes a company may create a class of non-voting ordinary
shares.
Tobin Tax: The tax foresighted by James Tobin. It is a tax that should be imposed on portfolio capitals, so
that when a foreign investor wants to take out this investment he has to pay tax, which is expected to
discourage the tendency to move from one country to another in search of quick gains.
Factoring: The business in which, a firm takes over the collection of trade debts on behalf of others,
thereby enabling them to obtain insurance against bad debts. It is a service primarily intended to meet the
needs of small and medium-size firms. The procedure is for the factoring company to buy up its clients
invoices and then itself claim payment of them.
Underwriting: Underwriting is the business of insuring against risk.
Counter Guarantee: It is given by an economic agent, another agent will oblige the contract signed with
the 3rd party.
NSDL: It is the first registered depository in India set up in November 1996 and has been promoted by IDBI,
UTI and NSE.
CDSL: Central Depository Services Limited.
Sub- Prime Loans: It is also called as B loans or second chance loans. These are loans originated to
borrowers who do not qualify for market interest rates because of problems in their credit history.
Derivative Trading: It is trading on claims, on claims on real producers.
Currency Future: Where in a contract in made between two parties, in which a party agrees to buy or sell a
fixed amount of currency at fixed foreign exchange at a later date. It reduces currency volatility rise for
both the parties.
Insider Trading: When insider (managers, directors, others) have more information of the companies
performance than the external share holders. And they use it to make a profit is called insider trading. It is
banned in India by SEBI.
Multi Commodity Exchange (MCE): The trading happening in papers instead of commodities in physical.
The largest MCX is in Ahmedabad.
Arbitrage: The act of buying a currency or a commodity in one market and simultaneously selling it for a
profit in another market.
COMMODITIES, DERIVATIVES, AND METALS MARKETS
i. Commodity markets are markets where raw or primary products are exchanged , with traditional
commodities such grains, meat and livestock, exchange trading has expanded to include metals,
energy, currency and currency indexes, equities and equity indexes, government interest rates and
private interest rates.
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ii. These raw commodities are traded on regulated commodities exchanges, in which they are bought
and sold in standardized
iii. Contracts.
iv. A Commodities Exchange is an exchange where various commodities and derivatives products are
traded. These contracts can include spot prices, forwards, futures, and options on on futures.
India has 7 national commodity exchanges namely
1. Multi Commodity Exchange (MCX)
2. National Commodity and Derivatives Exchange (NCDEX)
3. National Multi-Commodity Exchange (NMCE)
4. Indian Commodity Exchange (ICEX)
5. The ACE Derivatives exchange ( ACE )
6. Universal commodity exchange (UCX)
7. Bhatinda Om & Oil Exchange Ltd.
*The regulatory body is Forward Markets Commission (FMC) which was set up in 1953
# HIGHLIGHTS OF UNION BUDGET 2015-16
TAXATION
Abolition of Wealth Tax.

Additional 2% surcharge for the super rich with income of over Rs. 1 crore.
Rate of corporate tax to be reduced to 25% over next four years.
No change in tax slabs.
Total exemption of up to Rs. 4,44,200 can be achieved.
100% exemption for contribution to Swachch Bharat, apart from CSR.
Service tax increased to14 per cent.
AGRICULTURE
Rs. 25,000 crore for Rural Infrastructure Development Bank.

Rs. 5,300 crore to support Micro Irrigation Programme.
Farmers credit - target of 8.5 lakh crore.
INFRASTRUCTURE
Rs. 70,000 crores to Infrastructure sector.

Tax-free bonds for projects in rail road and irrigation.
PPP model for infrastructure development to be revitalised and govt. to bear majority of the risk.
Atal Innovation Mission to be established to draw on expertise of entrepreneurs, and researchers to
foster scientific innovations; allocation of Rs. 150 crore.
Govt. proposes to set up 5 ultra mega power projects, each of 4000MW.
EDUCATION
AIIMS in Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Himachal Pradesh, Bihar and Assam.
IIT in Karnataka; Indian School of Mines in Dhanbad to be upgraded to IIT.
PG institute of Horticulture in Amritsar.
Kerala to have University of Disability Studies.
Centre of film production, animation and gaming to come up in Arunachal Pradesh.
IIM for Jammu and Kashmir and Andhra Pradesh.
DEFENCE
Allocation of Rs. 2,46,726crore; an increase of 9.87 per cent over last year.
Focus on Make in India for quick manufacturing of Defence equipment.
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WELFARE SCHEMES
GST and JAM trinity (Jan DhanYojana, Aadhaar and Mobile) to improve quality of life and to pass benefits
to common man.
Six crore toilets across the country under the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.
MUDRA bank will refinance micro finance orgs. to encourage first generation SC/ST entrepreneurs.
Housing for all by 2020.
Upgradation 80,000 secondary schools.
DBT will be further be expanded from 1 crore to 10.3 crore.
For the Atal Pension Yojana, govt. will contribute 50% of the premium limited to Rs. 1,000 a year.
New scheme for physical aids and assisted living devices for people aged over 80.
Govt. to use Rs. 9,000 crore unclaimed funds in PPF/EPF for Senior Citizens Fund.
Rs. 5,000 crore additional allocation for MGNREGA.
Govt. to create universal social security system for all Indians.
RENEWABLE ENERGY
Rs. 75 crore for electric cars production.

Renewable energy target for 2022: 100K MW in solar; 60K MW in wind; 10K MW in biomass and 5K MW
in small hydro
TOURISM
Develpoment schemes for churches and convents in old Goa; Hampi, Elephanta caves, Forests of
Rajasthan, Leh palace, Varanasi ,JallianwalaBagh, QutbShahi tombs at Hyderabad to be under the new
toursim scheme.
Visa on Arrival for 150 countries.
GOLD
Sovereign Gold Bond, as an alternative to purchasing metal gold.

New scheme for depositors of gold to earn interest and jewellers to obtain loans on their metal
accounts.
To develop an Indian gold voin, which will carry the Ashok Chakra on its face, to reduce the demand for
foreign coins and recycle the gold available in the country.
FINANCIAL SECTOR
Forward Markets Commission to be merged with the Securities and Exchange Board of India.
NBFCs registered with the RBI and having asset size of Rs 500 crore and above to be considered as
financial institution under Sarfaesi Act, 2002, enabling them to fund SME and mid-corporate
businesses.
Permanent Establishment norms to be modified to that mere presence of offshore fund managers
in the country does not lead to adverse tax consequences.
# Rail budget 2015-16
No increase in fairs for daily passengers but railway freight hiked 10% for urea, 2.7% for cement and
6.3% for coal, 0.8% for iron and steel.
No new trains will announced for this current year.
Increasein the number of bio toilets and vacuum toilets like airplane in trains.
Water wending machines will installed on stations to arrange drinking water for passengers.
'Operation 5 minutes', where in passengers traveling unreserved can purchase a ticket in 5
minutes. He also announced to launch mobile app for purchase of unreserved tickets.
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For security and convenience of passengers he announced two 24*7 helplines 138 for general
complaint and 183 for security complaints.
On priority basis Prabhu announces to install Surveillance cameras in ladies compartments and
selected coaches for women's safety because Nari-Surakasha is major issue for everyone in
previous years.
Over 400 railway stations will lashed with Wi-fi in coming year,healsoannounced to give mobile
charging facility to all coaches including general coaches.
Speed on nine railway corridors to go up to 200 km per hour.It will helptrains to increase their
average speed.
Booking facility of Wheel chairs for senior citizen will be available through online.
Prabhu introduces satellite railway terminals in major cities and centrally managed Rail Display
Network is expected to be introduced in over 2K stations over the next 2 years.
Railways will also going to establish Four Railway Research Centres in four universities.
Cleanliness also got priority in Prabhus budget he announce Swach-Railscheme.
To make train and sta]ons clean ,this scheme is launched under Swach Bharat Abhiyan Under
Swach-Rail scheme railways are going to setupnew department of cleanliness and going to engage
professional agencies for training of cleaning staffs on 650 major stations.
Railway is going to setup Alarm announcing system at no man crossing with help of IIT Kanpur.
#Modi schemes
1.Pradham mantri jan dhan yojana
AIM -- financial inclusion
National Mission for Financial Inclusion to ensure access to financial services, namely, Banking Savings &
Deposit Accounts, Remittance, Credit, Insurance, Pension in an affordable manner
Accidental insurance cover of Rs.1.00 lac & No minimum balance required,life insurance cover of Rs.30,000/& operation of the account for 6 months, an overdraft facility will be permitted & Accidental Insurance
Cover, RuPay Debit Card must be used at least once in 45 days, Overdraft facility upto Rs.5000/- is available
in only one account per household.
By 28 January 2015, 12.58 crore accounts were opened, with around Rs.10590 crore
launched on --15 August 2014, location --viganan bhavan , new delhi
2.Sukhanya samridi account

AIM -- For girl child
Sukanya Samriddhi Account, Govt is trying to give a social message that Girl Child is not a financial burden
if parents of a Girl child secure their future through proper financial planning.
Interest rate of 9.2% --2015-16

The maturity of account is 21 years from the date of opening of the account or Marriage of the Girl Child
Initial deposit of Rs 1000 and thereafter any amount in multiple of Rs 100 can be deposited subject to max
limit of 1.5 lakh & Age of 10 years, a girl child can operate her account
launched - 22 January 2015, location --Haryana, panipat ,Brand ambasdor -- Madhuri dixit
3.MUDRA Bank Yojana

AIM -- Financial inculsion
Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency Ltd (MUDRA) Bank on 8 April, 2015 with a corpus of Rs
20,000 crore and a credit guarantee corpus of Rs 3,000 crore.
Mudra bank Extend finance and credit support to Microfinance Institutions (MFI) and agencies that lend
money to small businesses, retailers, self-help groups and individuals& SC& STs & BCs
MUDRA Bank has launched three loan instruments:
Shishu: covers loans upto Rs 50,000/32 | P a g e
Kishor: covers loans above Rs 50,000/- and upto Rs 5 lakh

Tarun: covers loans above Rs 5 lakh and upto Rs 10 lakh
launched on -- april 8th 2015, location --New Delhi
SIDBI-- SMEs credit & limitations

MANUFACRING SECTOR (investments limit for support of machinery & tools)
Micro--25lakhs
Small--25lakhs--5crores
Medium--5crores--10crores
SERVICE SECTOR
Micro--10 LAKHS
Small--10lakhs--2crores
Medium--2crores--5crores
4.Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY)
AIM -- Social security scheme
Bank account holders aged between 18 and 50 years are eligible to apply for this scheme
premium is fixed at Rs. 330 for a life cover of Rs. 2 lacs.
June 1st, 2015 to May 31st, 2016 is the period for which this scheme will cover all kind of risks to your life in
the first year of operation. Next year onwards as well, the risk cover period will remain June 1 to May 31.
launched--9 May 2015 , , location --Kolkata
5.Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY)

Bank account holders aged between 18 years and 70 years are eligible to apply for this scheme.
Just rs. 12 in annual premium for having an accidental death or disability cover of rs. 2 lacs under this
scheme
Insured for a period of one year from june 1, 2015 to may 31, 2016. Next year onwards as well, the risk cover
period will remain to be june 1 to may 31.
Launched--9 may 2015 , , location --kolkata
6.Atal Pension Scheme

Minimum age of joining APY is 18 years and maximum age is 40 years

Would receive the fixed monthly pension of Rs. 1000 to Rs 5000 at the age of 60 years
Pension of Rs 1000 he would contribute Rs 181 a month. On his death his wife would get Rs 1000 per month
and after her death the nominees will get 1.7 lakh.
launched--9 May 2015 , , location --Kolkata
7.Kisan Vikas Patra (KVP) Re-Introduced

AIM -- saving certificate scheme
The scheme provided facility of unlimited investment by way of purchase of certificates from post offices in
various denominations
denomination of Rs. 1000, 5000, 10,000 and 50,000, with no upper
lock-in period of 2 years and 6 months
Double in 100 months
Maturity period of 8 years 4 months
Interest rate--8.7%
8.Krishi Amdani Beema Yojana
AIM -- Agricultural insurance
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Plight of small and marginal farmers he said that most of them were leaving the agricultural practice
because of the uncertainty over the produce and returns.
Krishi amdani beema yojana so that the farmers dont bear any financial burden if their produce gets
destroyed due to unexpected weather or for any other reason
9.Pradhan Mantri Gram Sinchai Yojana AIM -- micro irrigation

Micro irrigation & ensure water supply to farmers round the year.
basic contours of the agri-irrigation programme would be on lines of the PMGSY
Budget allocation --5300 crores
launched by -- Rajnath Singh .
10.Pradhan Mantri Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana

AIM -- Rural development
Under the Yojana, Members of Parliament (MPs) will be responsible for developing the socioeconomic and physical infrastructure of three villages each by 2019, and a total of eight villages each
by 2024.
Target --6,433 Adarsh Grams, of the 2,65,000 gram panchayats, will be created by 2024
Funding -- through MP lads
11.Soil Health Card Scheme for Every Farmer
AIM -- Soil data
Soil Health Card is used to assess the current status of soil health and, when used over time, to determine
changes in soil health that are affected by land management.
The scheme will provide all 145 million farm owners in the country with a soil health card in the next three
years.
The budget allotted Rs.100 crore for issuing cards and an additional Rs.56 crore to set up 100 mobile soil
testing laboratories across the country.
Programme started in rajasthan & first SHC issued in punjab
12.MAKE IN INDIA
India must become a manufacturing powerhouse in order to gainfully employ its demographic dividend
& Big labour pool and a large domestic market. In addition, with Chinas competitive advantage in
manufacturing eroding
India has the opportunity to take some share of global manufacturing away from China.
stop tax terrorism & improve infrastructure
reform labour laws & invest in skills development
make it easier to acquire land & implement Goods and Services Tax (GST)
some of the make in india initatives
Spice Group said it would start a mobile phone manufacturing unit in Uttar Pradesh with an investment
of 500 crore
SAMSUNG --MSME-Samsung Technical Schools" will be established in India
Hitachi said it was committed to the initiative, It said that an auto-component plant will be set up in
Chennai in 2016
Huawei opened a new research and development (R&D) campus in Bengaluru
AIRBUS with MAHENDRA said that it will manufacture its products in India and invest $ 2 Billion US
dollars.
Marine Products Export Development Authority said that it was interested in supplying shrimp eggs to
shrimp farmers in India under the initiative
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Tata JLR (Jaguar Land-Rover) announced that it will move its production of the Land Rover Defender to
its Pune facility in India in 2016
13.Digital india
KEY components of digital india
Digital infrastructure-to support national optic fiber

INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT)-essential building of smart cities
Foreign ICT investments -- make in india policy
9 pillars of digital india

1.Broadband Highways
2.Universal Access to Mobile Connectivity
3.Public Internet Access Programme
4.E-Governance Reforming government through Technology
5.eKranti Electronic delivery of services
6.Information for All
7.Electronics Manufacturing Target NET ZERO Imports
8.IT for Jobs
9.Early Harvest Programmes
DIGITAL INDIA intiatives
India's top billionaires pledged around Rs 4.5 lakh crore to projects related to Digital Indiagenerate
employments for some 18 lakh people.
government's Rs 1.13-lakh-crore Digital India programme
Tata Consultancy Services -will hire 60,000 IT professionals this year.
Reliance Industries Chairman Mukesh Ambani said his company would invest Rs 2.5 lakh crore
across different Digital India heads
Digital India where 1.2 billion connected Indians drive the nation," said the Prime Minister at the
launch of the Digital India Week
Kumar Mangalam Birla--350,000 towns and villages in India to provide mobile-based healthcare
and education services
Bharathi Mittal said spend over Rs 1 lakh crore in the next five years.
Rival telco Reliance Communications, pledged to invest Rs 10,000 crore to fund transformational
initiatives across the cloud, digital and telecom space.
Vedanta Resources Chairman Anil Agarwal, to provide education through digital medium, or eShikhsha.
13.SKILL INDIA
focus on creating jobs for youth, the government has decided to revamp the antiquated industrial
training centres that will skill over 20 lakh youth annually and devise special courses based on
industry needs.
will set up 1,500 new ITIs across the country and another 100-odd such centres in North East and
Left Wing Extremism affected states.
Creating 500 Million jobs by 2020
World Youth Skills Day on 15th July*
14.Smart cities
A smart city should be able to respond faster to city and global challenges than one with a simple
'transactional' relationship with its citizens
Key 'smart' sectors which includes--Transport, Energy , Health care& Water and waste
100 PROPOSED SMART CITIES
SMART CITIES - Assistance from other countries
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SINGAPORE --100 smart cities across the country, USA--Ajmer , Ahmadabad, Vishakapatnam , JAPAN-Varanasi, FRANCE --Pondicherry and Nagpur & gujarat ,SPAIN ---DELHI, ISREAL -- Maharastra , CHINA
-PUNE , CHINA - Andhrapradesh
JAPAN --MUMBAI, AUSTRALIA-- ATAL scheme, AUSTRIA -- JNNURM
GERMANY --3 more smart cities * no mentiones cities
CANADA -- Wooden multi-storey housing technology in urban cities
NOTE -- first smart city -- puducherry
Budget intiative -- 100 crores
Corpus --48000 crores & each smart city will get 100 crores for next 5 years
15.Swachh bharat abhiyan
Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is started by the government to make India a completely clean India
This mission has to be completed by 150th birth anniversary of Bapu (2nd October of 2019) in next five years
The costs of programmes are set like Rs 7,366 crore on solid waste management, Rs 1,828 crore on public
awareness, Rs 655 crore on community toilets, Rs 4,165 crore on individual household toilets.
swachh bharat mission of urban areas aims to cover almost 1.04 crore households in order to provide them
2.6 lakhs of public toilets, 2.5 lakhs of community toilets together with the solid wastes management in
every town.
16. NAMAMI GANGA

From 1985 -2014 -- 4500 crores by govt of india
Ganga conservation mission --2000 cr & Budget -2014-15 -- 2037crores
Recent -- 20000 crores for "NAMAMI GANGA PROJECT "
Authority --NGRBA -- National Ganga River Basin Authourity & min. of water resources river devl. &
Mission -- NMCG -- National Mission for Clean Ganga
JAPAN - External aided project , Australia -- cleaning project , germany -- water management &
rejvuation , Netherlands -- flood control assistance
17.Beti Bachao Beti Padhao
Multiple deprivations faced by girls and women is critical for more inclusive and sustainable growth adverse
sex ratio in young children in the 0-6 years age group in Nutrition from different States & UTs and districts
To enable inter state sharing and learning from these models through thematic presentations,dialogue, state
poster sessions and cluster/interest group interactions.
To evolve a strategy framework that synthesizes learning from these models for adaptation/replication and
enables innovation and new approaches.
To encourage mentoring support between states and continued learning, through the formation of state
interest groups, field based learning hubs and thematic e- networks.
Care and Protection of the Girl Child - Beti Bachao Beti Padhao
Brand ambassdor -- parneethi chopra & started -- haryana
18.INDRADANUSH
To achieve full immunization coverage for all children in the country by 2020
The Union Health & Family Welfare Ministry will be supported by UNICEF, WHO, Rotary International and
other donor partners 82 districts are in the States of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh.
The plan aims at providing immunization for seven diseases which can be prevented by
vaccination:Whooping cough ,Hepatitis B, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Polio, Tuberculosis
19.Pharma Jan Samadhan Scheme
Monitoring the availability of drugs, identify shortages, if any, and to take remedial steps and Maintaining
data on production, exports and imports, market share of individual companies, profitability of companies
etc, for bulk drugs and formulations
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Rendering advice to the Central Government on changes/ revisions in the drug policy
20.Sansad adharsh gram yojana

Leveraging the leadership, capacity, commitment and energy of the Members of Parliament (MP) to
develop model Gram Panchayats.
Building partnerships with voluntary organisations, co-operatives and academic and research institutions.
MPs or Sansads to identify and develop one village from their respective constituency as a model village by
2016 and two more by 2019.
MPs are required to pick one village with a population of 3000-4000 in plains and 1000-3000 in hills within
a month of the launch.
smart schools with IT-enabled classrooms and e-libraries, Panchayat infrastructure improvement under
schemes such as MGNREGA and Backward Regions Grants Fund etc
21.Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana

strengthening of sub-transmission and distribution network, feeder separation, Metering at all levels
including at input points, feeders and distribution transformers.
It also seeks to strengthen Micro grid and off grid distribution network of rural electrification. Funds:
The scheme has budgetary outlay of 76,000 crore rupees for implementation of the projects of which
Union Government will provide grant of 63,000 crore rupees.
It should be noted that, this scheme replaces Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY), which
was launched by previous UPA government led by then PM Manmohan Singh.
22.Jyotigram Yojana scheme

Jyotigram Yojana is an initiative of the Government of Gujarat to ensure availability of 24-hour three phase
quality power supply to rural areas of the state and to supply power to farmers residing in scattered farm
houses through feeders having specially designed transformers.
The scheme was dedicated to the nation by President A. P. J. Abdul Kalam in 2006.
Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI) has commended the scheme saying Jyotigram scheme has
radically improved the quality of village life, spurred non-farm economic enterprises, and halved the power
subsidy in agriculture.
Government of India is set to accept Gujarat's Jyotigram project as a flagship scheme for the 12th five year
plan.
23.AMRUT--Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation

AMRUT mission aimed at transforming 500 cities and towns into efficient urban living spaces, with special
focus on a healthy and green environment for children.
The National Priority is to create infrastructure to provide basic services to households, and build
amenities
This will improve the quality of life of all
especially the poor and the disadvantaged.
The infrastructure should lead to provision of better services to people.
The Cabinet approved Rs 50,000 crore for this mission which is to be spent over the next five years
AMRUT -- upgraded vesrsion of JNNURM -- also called as -JNNURM-2
24.Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission

Budgetary provision for the Pooled Municipal Debt Obligation Facility has been enhanced from Rs 5000
crore to Rs 50,000 crore with extension of the facility by five years to March 31, 2019
scheme covers _
Urban renewal of cities and towns, four fundamental activities

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Safe drinking water and sewerage management

Use of recycled water for growing organic fruits and vegetables
Solid waste management
Digital connectivity
25.Housing for All by 2022 scheme
Slum rehabilitation of Slum Dwellers with participation of private developers using land as a resource;
Promotion of affordable housing for weaker section through credit linked subsidy;
Affordable housing in partnership with Public & Private sectors and
Subsidy for beneficiary-led individual house construction or enhancement.
TARGET -- 2 lakh houses in urban & 4 lakh houses in rural
26.HRIDAY - Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana
With a duration of 27 months (completing in March 2017) and a total outlay of INR 500 Crores, the Scheme
is being implemented in 12 identified Cities .
list of HRIDAY selected places

Warangal--Telangana, Amritsar -- Punjab, Varanasi--UP, PURI--BHUBNESWAR , KANCHIPURAM -TAMILNADU, GAYA -BIHAR, MATHURA -UP DWARAKA--GUJARAT, BADAMI--KARNATAKA, AMARAVATHI -ANDHRAPARADESH, AJMER--RAJSTHAN, VELANKANNI--TAMILNADU
27.Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and Spiritual Augmentation Drive (PRASAD)
Implement the PRASAD scheme a Mission Directorate has been set up in the Ministry of Tourism. The
Budget provision of Rs.15.60 crore has been made in Revised Estimate (RE) 2014-15
list of PRASAD selected places
Amaravati (Andhra Pradesh), Gaya (Bihar), Dwarka (Gujarat), Amritsar (Punjab), Pushkar-Ajmer (Rajasthan),
Kanchipuram (Tamil Nadu), Vellankani (Tamil Nadu)
Puri (Odisha),Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh), Mathura (Uttar Pradesh), Kedarnat (Uttarakhand) , Kamakhya
(Assam)
28.SWADESH DARSHAN-world-class infrastructure destination

Develop tourist circuits potential
Develop intergrated infrastrcuture theme based circuit
Promote cultrual and heritage value of the country
Provide complete tourism facility in common based circuit
Follow commuinity based devlopment and pro-poor tourism approach
Promote local arts , culture , heritage to generate livelihood in the identified region
29.Pandit deendayal upadhyay shramev yojana
That would allot Labour Identification Number (LIN) to nearly 6 lakhs units and allow them to file
online compliance for 16 out of 44 labour laws
An all-new Random Inspection Scheme: Utilizing technology to eliminate human discretion in
selection of units for Inspection, and uploading of Inspection Reports within 72 hours of inspection
mandatory
Universal Account Number: Enables 4.17 crore employees to have their Provident Fund account
portable, hassle-free and universally accessible
Apprentice Protsahan Yojana: Will support manufacturing units mainly and other establishments by
reimbursing 50% of the stipend paid to apprentices during first two years of their training
Revamped Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana: Introducing a Smart Card for the workers in the
unorganized sector seeded with details of two more social security schemes
30.Deen dayal upadhyaya grameen kaushalya yojana- Enable Poor and Marginalized to Access Benefits
Demand led skill training at no cost to the rural poor , Inclusive Program Design
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Mandatory coverage of socially disadvantaged groups (SC/ST 50%; Minority 15%; Women 33%)
Shifting Emphasis from Training to Career Progression
Pioneers in providing incentives for job retention, career progression and foreign placements
Greater Support for Placed Candidates
Proactive Approach to Build Placement Partnerships
31.PAHAL scheme Pratyaksh Hanstantrit Labh _ LPG debt scheme
The Direct Benefit transfer of LPG (DBTL) scheme PAHAL (Pratyaksh Hanstantrit Labh) has been relaunched in 54 districts on 15 November 2014
in the 1st Phase and will be launched in the rest of the 622 districts of the country on 1 January
2015.
The scheme will cover over 15.3 crore consumers across 676 districts of the country. Currently over
6.5 crore consumers i.e. 43% have already joined the scheme and will receive subsidy in their bank
account.
32.MAHATMA GANDHI PRAVASI SURAKSHA YOJANA (MGPSY)
objective of MGPSY is to encourage and enable the overseas Indian workers by giving government
contribution to:
Save for their Return and Resettlement (R&R) & Save for their old age,
Obtain a Life Insurance cover against natural death during the period of coverage for five years or
till the return of subscribed worker back to India, whichever is earlier.
Government contribution of Rs.1,000 per annum in line with Swavalamban platform for all MGPSY
subscriber who save between Rs.1,000 and Rs.12,000 per year in NPS-Lite.
33.KCC kisan credit card
Kisan Credit Card is a credit card to provide affordable credit for farmers in India. It was started by the
Government of India, Reserve Bank of India (RBI), and National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
(NABARD) in 1998-99 to help farmers access timely and adequate credit.
The Kisan Credit Card allows farmers to have cash credit facilities without going through time-consuming
bank credit screening processes repeatedly.
Repayment can be rescheduled if there is a bad crop season, and extensions are offered for up to four years.
The card is valid for five years and subject to annual renewals. Withdrawals are made using slips, cards, and
a passbook.
Crop loan with Kisan Credit Card
Credit to farmers or groups of farmers for crop loans, working capital or investment credit for viable
agriculture purpose.
All farmers, owner cultivators, tenant cultivators, share croppers and individual farmers
Eligibility: Individual
Repayment period: With in A MAXIMUM OF 12 MONTHS.
Collateral Security: Registered mortgage of land in case loan is above Rs. 100000/- and hypothication of
crops to be raised.
34.Nai Manzil
To mainstream Madarsa students through bridge course with the help of reputed Academic Institutions.
To be implemented by Maulana Azad Education Foundation (MAEF).
Launched in 2014 by Ministry of Minority Affairs
35.USTTAD (Upgrading the Skills and Training in Traditional Arts/Crafts for Development)
The Scheme aims at upgrading Skills and Training in preservation of traditional Ancestral Arts/Crafts of
minorities.
4 Components of the scheme:
Up-gradation of Skills and Training in Traditional Arts/Crafts through Institutions.
USTTAD Fellowship for Research and Development.
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Support to Craft museum for curating traditional arts/ crafts.

Support to minority craftsmen/artisans for marketing Nationally/ Internationally through Export
Promotion Councils
Launched in May 2015, in Varanasi by Ministry of Minority Affairs
36.Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana
Announced in Budget 2015-16

Nodal Agency: Ministry of Agriculture
The scheme is aimed at irrigating the field of every farmer and improving water use efficiency to provide
`Per Drop More Crop.
Traditional methods of farming such as Organic farming will be encouraged so as to improve soil health.
Soil Health Card Scheme has also been launched to improve soil fertility on a sustainable basis.
37.Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching (PMMMNMTT)
Under the scheme Government will set up 50 Centres of Excellence for Curriculum and Pedagogy
with necessary emphasis on Maths and Science.
setting up 30 Schools of Education,
50 Centres of Excellence for Curriculum and Pedagogy,
Two Inter University Centres,
National Resource Centre,
Five Centres of Academic Leadership and Educational Management,
Subject Based Networks and Workshops and Seminars
Launched in March 2015 by Ministry of Human Resource Development
38.Project Uddan
In this project the National Skills Development Corporation and the Ministry of Home Affairs and
industry will provide skills to 40,000 youth over a period of five years.
39.Rani Laxmi Bai Pension Scheme
This is a 'Special pension' pension program it would be given to Muzaffarnagar riot victims by U.P.
Govt. there will be help of Rs. 400 and Rs. 500, would be given under this scheme.
40.E-inclusion project
In the e-inclusion project to spread e literacy the people will receive IT training.
This project is an initiative to make at least one individual in every household e-literate, under the
project.
economically weaker sections of the society including rural SC, ST.
41.Bhagat Puran Singh Sehat Beema Yojana (BPSSBY)
This is a health care scheme for BPL families launched in Punjab
42.Roshini Scheme
This scheme is released by the Centre government for skill development and job placement for
rural youth and women in most affected 24 districts in 9 states.
43.Nai Roshini
leadership development scheme for minority women by Ministry of Minority Affairs.
# MODI VISITS
Note -- *from 2015
1.Seychelles_1011 March 2015
Aggrements-Hydrography,Renewable energy,Infrastructure , Development and sale of navigation
charts and electronic navigational charts
Capital: Victoria, Currency: Seychellois rupee, President: James Michel
2.Mauritius__1113 March 2015
Ocean Economy, Cultural Cooperation ,Homeopathy
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Agriculture and Cooperation-- importation of fresh mango from India
India Offers $500 Million Credit to Mauritius During PM Modi's Visit
Capital: Port Louis, Currency: Mauritian rupee, Prime minister: Anerood Jugnauth
President: Ameenah Gurib, Continent: Africa
3.Sri Lanka__1314 March 2015
Reserve Bank of India and the Central Bank of Sri Lanka have agreed to enter into a currency swap
agreement of $1.5 billion
Joint venture project between the Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB) and NTPC Ltd of India.
6.Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) between the two countries.
modi flagged off railway track between Madhu Road and Talaimannar Pier is the last segment of
the 265-km long
key persons--president -Maithripala SirisenaRanil , prime minster --Wickremesinghe
4..Singapore 29 March 2015
Modi attended the state-funeral of Lee Kuan Yew,
The first Prime Minister of Singapore.
5.France__912 April 2015
India asked France to supply 36 Rafale fighter jets in fly-away condition
Including on the stalled nuclear project in Jaitapur in Maharashtra
MoU was signed between Larsen and Tubro and AREVA
key person ___French President Francois Hollande.
6.Germany__1214 April
PM Modi promised to set up a mechanism to help German companies invest and do business in
India , Make in India lion is a symbol of new India- Modi at India Pavilion.
PM Narendra Modi visited the India Pavilion at the Hannover Messe.
key person --Germany chancellor--- angela merkel
7.CANADA 1416 April
The visit, which resulted in several new bilateral agreements and commercial deals worth over $1.6
billion.
Canadian company, Cameco, to supply over 3.175 million kg of uranium concentrate to India over
the next five years for the generation of electricity.
Modi was came back with PARROT LADY gifted by canada PM
key person --Stephen Harper-PM
8.China 1416 May 2015
AGGREMENTS For 3 day visit -- total 21+ 24 = 45 aggrements done
Agreement on establishment of sister-city relations b/w Chennai and Chongqing ,Hyderabad and
Qingdao ,Aurangabad and Dunhuang of China.
Modi visted errcota army museum
ICICI bank open in china __* LAST year AXIS bank open its branch in bejing
Indian Council for Cultural Relations and Yunnan Minzu University on the establishment of a yoga
college.
key persons--Xi Jinping(President) , Li Keqiang( Prime minister)
9.Mongolia 1617 May 2015
Mongolia and India are keen to move forward on the MoU for Uranium supply
Modi was gifted a horse "KANTAKA" by mongolia counter part
Capital: Ulan Bator, President: Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, Prime minister: Chimed Saikhanbileg
10.South korea __1819 May 2015
"Look Act East "is an upgraded version of the Look East policy
manufacturing sector, South Korean companies including Samsung, LG and Hyundai that have
strong presence in India.
Capital: Seoul
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Currency: South Korean won
Prime minister: Hwang Kyo-ahn
President: Park Geun-hye
11.BANGLADESH__June 6 7 2015
Modi discussed the ratification of te India-Bangladesh Land Boundary Agreement - 1974 &
Protocol- 2011. & Testa water issue
Total -22 aggrements including on curbing human trafficking, smuggling of fake currency and
setting up an Indian Economic Zone, to boost bilateral ties
Agreements on two key bus services were also reached, including the Kolkata-Dhaka-Agartala
Another Dhaka-Shillong-Guwahati route was also flagged off by the three leaders.
Memorandum of Understanding for Extending a New Line of Credit (LoC) of USD 2 billion by India to
Bangladesh was signed.
Capital: Dhaka , Currency: Bangladeshi taka , PM: Sheikh Hasina,President: Abdul Hamid
12.Uzbekistan 6 July 2015
Modi said the contract to do so, which was signed in 2013 to supply 2,000 metric tons of uranium
ore concentrate over five years
3-PACTS on Strengthening cooperation, cooperation on cyber-security, special economic zones
MOUs signed on Political ties,Security, Counter-terrorism, Trade and investment, Science and
technology , Cultural linkages.
Key points -Capital --Tashkent, Currency--Uzbekistani som, President --Islam Karimov, Prime
minister--Shavkat Mirziyoyev.
13.Kazakhstan 7 July 2015
Will supply 5,000 tonnes of uranium to India during 2015-19, PMs visit to Kazakhstan is expected
to give a fillip to the civil nuclear deal signed in 2009.
Caspian Sea oil block drilling agreement, that India has 25 per cent stake in. India and Kazakhstan
could also be finalising agreements on mining, mineral and oil and gas projects, which include iron
ore, coal and potash exploration.
KEY POINTS _Capital --Astana, Currency--Kazakhstani tenge, President --Nursultan Nazarbayev,
Prime minster -Karim Massimov
14. Russia--7th BRICS summit & SCO summit 810 July 2015
Modi to attend BRICS and SCO summit in Ufa_
Attend 7th BRICS summit and Shanghai Cooperation Organization summits (SCO) in Ufa, Russia.
Theme BRICS -- "powerful factor for Global Development"
India & pakistan got the member ship in SCO ; SCO --Headquarters_ Beijing, China
Members_ China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Pakistan, India -Observers_ Afghanistan, Belarus, Iran, Mongolia
Modi and Sharifs Meet in Ufa
Tackling Terrorism, Military Meeting, Freeing Fishermen, Religious Tourism, Mumbai Terror Attack
KEY persons _ INDIA -MODI, Foreign secretary -- S.jai shankar, NSA -- Ajit Doval
PAKISTAN --PM -- SHARIF, Foreign secretary-- Aizaz Chowdary, NSA-- Sartaj aziz
15.Turkmenistan 10-11 July 2015
Narendra Modi on Saturday pitched for early implementation of the $ 10 billion TAPI gas pipeline
project
7-pacts signed --Including defence & tourism, Cross-border threats of terrorism, Organised crime ,
Illegal drug-trafficking , Reaffirmed their commitment for a stable Afghanistan, Land-sea route
through Iran for the pipeline should be explored, Enhancing connectivity-- TAPI
TAPI (Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India) --operational by 2018 and will carry gas from
Turkmenistans Galkynysh field that holds gas reserves of 16 trillion cubic feet.
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KEY POINTS--Capital--Ashgabat, Currency-- Turkmenistan manat, President -Gurbanguly
Berdimuhamedow
16. Kyrgyzstan 12 July 2015
Modi signed four agreements including one on bolstering defence cooperation and holding annual
joint military exercises.
Defence Cooperation, Election , Bureau of Indian Standards , Cooperation in Culture
KEYPOINTS--Capital --Bishkek, Currency-- Kyrgyzstani som, President --Almazbek Atambayev
17.Tajikistan 12-13 July 2015
KEY AREAS--Trade , economic intergration

Modi's visit to Tajikistan would give an impetus to bilateral ties between New Delhi and Dushanbe.
key points --Capital --Dushanbe, Currency--Tajikistani somoni, president--Emomali Rahmon, primeminster -Kokhir Rasulzoda
18. United Arab Emirates 16-17 August

India and UAE will promote collaboration & inter-operabilty for humanitarian assistance &
evacuation in natural disasters & conflict situations.
India and UAE will cooperate to strengthen maritime security in the Gulf and Indian Ocean Region
India and UAE will strengthen cooperation in law enforcement, anti-money laundering, drug
trafficking, extradition arrangements.
India and UAE to establish UAE-India Infra Investment Fund of $75 billion
Prime Minister Modi visited the Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque in Abu Dhabi and signed in the
visitor's book, saying, It (the mosque) will serve to remind generations about the extraordinary
vision and leadership of the president of UAE, his highness Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan AL Nahyan.
Narendra Modi on Monday addressed the Indian diaspora at the Dubai International Cricket
Stadium. About 50,000 Indian expatriates had registered for Marhaba Namo
UAE trip by visiting Masdar City, a hub of cleantech and S&T innovation.
#FOREIGN MINISTER --SUSHMA SWARAJ visits
UK --She has inaugurated the Regional Pravasi Bharatiya Divas in London.
MAURITUS--celebrate Apravasi Divas, marking 180 years since the first Indian indentured labourers
arrived in Mauritius
MALDIVES -- commitment towards prosperity, stability and security of Maldives.
UAE--bilateral relations and took stock of progress and development in joint cooperation in many
areas and looked into the ways of enhancing them for common interests.
SOUTH KOREA--Trade and investments to top the agenda including joint shipbuilding ventures will
be endorsed heavily under Make in India programme.
CHINA--Russia-India-China (RIC) trilateral foreign ministers meeting in Beijing.
OMEN--Maiden visit to the Sultanate of Oman, the country with which India shares warm bilateral
relations in the gulf.
SRILANKA --Discussion on bilateral issues with her counterpart Mangala Samaraweera.
TURKMENSITAN--TAPI gas pipeline issue
INDONESIA -- Indonesia to join the celebration of 60 years of Bandung Congference
SOUTHAFRICA -- Third India Africa Forum Summit.
BANGKOK --- from 27-29 June 2015 to co-chair the 7th Meeting of India-Thailand Joint Commission
(JCM) and to attend the 16thWorld Sanskrit Conference in Bangkok.
#SECRETARIES OF MINISTRIES
Secretary to the President--Smt. Omita Paul
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Principal Secretary to Prime Minister--Shri Nripendra Mishra

Private secretary to primeMinister--rajeev topno
Private secretary to primeMinister--sanjeev single
National Security Advisor--Ajit Kumar Doval
Cabinet Secretary--Shri Pradeep Kumar Sinha
Finance Secretary---Rajeev Mehrishi
Home Secretary---L C Goyal
MinorityAffairs secretary--Shri Arvind Mayaram
Defence secretary--Shri G Mohan Kumar
Coalsecretary--Shri Anil Swarup
Civil Aviation secretary--Shri Rajiv Nayan Choubey
Commerce & Industry secretary--Ms. Rita A Teaotia
Corporate Affairs secretary--Ms. Anjuly Chib Duggal
External Affairs secretary--Shri S. Jaishankar
Mines secretary--Shri Balvender Kumar
Power secretary--Shri Pradeep Kumar Pujari
Tourism secretary--Shri Narendra Kumar Sinha
Steel secretary--Shri Rakesh Singh
Panchayati Raj secretary--Shri S. M. Vijayanand
Space secretary--Shri A. S. Kiran Kumar
Health & Family Welfare secretary--Shri Bhanu Pratap Sharma
Atomic Energy secretary-- Dr. Ratan Kumar Sinha
Culture secretary--Shri Narendra Kumar Sinha
North Eastern Region secretary--Shri. R. Vijay kumar
Disinvestment secretary--Smt. Aradhana Johri
Drinking Water & Sanitation secretary--Smt. Vijaylaxmi Joshi
Earth Sciences secretary--Dr. Shailesh Nayak
Food Processing Industries secretary---Shri Ranglal Jamuda
Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises----Shri Rajan S. Katoch
Human Resource Development secretary--Shri V.S. Oberoi
Information and Broadcasting secretary--Shri Bimal Julka
Labour and Employment secretary--Shri Shankar Agarwal
Law and Justice secretary--Ms. Kusumjit Sidhu
Micro. Small & Medium Enterprises secretary---Dr. Anup K. Pujari
New & Renewable Energy secretary--Shri Upendra Tripathy
Overseas Indian Affairs secretary--Shri Anil Kumar Agarwal
Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation secretary---Dr. Nandita Chartterjee
Environment, Forests & Climate Change secretary---Shri Ashok Lavasa
Communications & Information Technology secretary--Shri Rakesh Garg
ConsumerAffairs, Food and Distribution secretary-- Shri C.R. Viswanath
Parliamentary Affairs secretary--Shri Afzal Amanullah
Personnel,Public Grievances and Pensions secretary--Shri Sanjay Kothari
Petroleum & Natural Gas secretary--Shri Kapil Dev Tripathi
Rural Development secretary--Shri J.K. Mohapatra
Science and Technology secretary--Prof. Ashutosh Sharma
Shipping secretary---Shri Rajive Kumar
Skill Development & Entrepreneurship secretary--Shri Sunil Arora
Social Justice & Empowerment secretary--Ms. Anita Agnihotri
Textiles secretary--Shri Sanjay Kumar Panda
Tribal Affairs secretary---Shri Arun Jha
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Urban Development secretary--Shri Madhusudhan Prasad

Women and Child Development secretary--Shri V. Somasundaran
Youth Affairs and Sports secretary--Shri Ajit M. Shara
Water & River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation secretary--Shri Shashi Shekhar
#AMBASSDORS
India to Bhutan: Gautam Bambawale

India to Russia: P.S. Raghavan
Russia to India : Alexander Kadakin
India to Tajikistan: SHRI ASITH BHATTACHARJEE
India to Turkmenistan: TV Nagendra Prasad
India to Kazakhstan: Harsh Kumar Jain
Kazakhstan to India: BULAT SARSENBAYEV
Indian to Uzbekistan: Mr Vinod Kumar
Uzbekistan to India: Dr. SALIKH R. INAGAMOV
Bangladesh to India: Syed Muazzem Ali
India to Bangladesh:H.E. Pankaj Saran
Indian to south korea: Mr. Vikram Doraiswami
India to Mongolia: somnath ghosh
China to India: Le Yucheng
India to china: Ashok kantha
India to Canada: Shri. Vishnu Prakash
Germany to India: Dr. Martin Ney
India to germany: Mr. Vijay Gokhale
India to france: Arun Kumar Singh
France to India: Mr Franois Richier
Singapore to India: Mr Lim Thuan Kuan
India to Singapore: Ms.Vijay Thakur Singh
India to srilanka: Mr. Y.K. Sinha
Srilanka to India: Sudharshan Seneviratne
India to Mauritius:Shri Anup Kumar Mudgal
India to Seychelles: Mr.Sanjay Panda
India to FIJI:Gitesh Sharma
India to Australia : Mr. Sunjay Sudhir
Australia to India: Patrick Suckling
India to Myanmar: Gautam Mukhopadhay
India to US: Dr. S. Jaishankar
US to India: Richard Rahul Verma
Japan to India: Mr. Takeshi Yagi
India to japan: Deepa Gopalan Wadhwa
India to Nepal: Ranjit Rae
Nepal to India: Deep Kumar Upadhyay
India to brazil: Sunil Kumar lal
Indian High to newzeland:Commissioner Ravi Thapar
#Latest presidents & Countries --2015
ARGENTINA -Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner

CROTIA --Kolinda Grabar-Kitarovic (WOMEN)* FIRST
DENMARK --Lars Lokke Rasmussen
FINLAND --Sauli Niinisto
GREECE -Prokopis pavlopuols
45 | P a g e
ITALY -Sergio Mattarella

IVORY COAST --Alassane Ouattara
KAZASTHAN --Nursultan Nazarbayev
NIGERIA --Muhammadu Buhari
POLAND -Andrzej Duda
SRILANKA --Maithripala Sirisena
SUDAN -Omar al-Bashir
TANZANIA--Jakaya Kikwete
TOGO --Faure Gnassingbe
TURKEY -Ahmet Davutoglu
UZEBEKISTAN -Islam Karimov
ZAMBIA --Edgar Lungu
#Latest prime minsters & countries --2015

SRILANKA -- wickramasinge
EGYPT -Ibrahim Mahlab
ETHOPIA--Hailemariam Desalegn Boshe
ESTONIA -Taavi Roivas
SPAIN -Mariano Rajoy
UK --David Cameron
OPERATION RECENT
1. Operation shiva __smooth conduct 59-day-long annual Amarnath Yatra in J&k
2. Operation Rahat__Recover of indian from yemen_4000 people rescue
3. Operation Maitri__ NEPAL earth quake
4. Operation lehar__ hudhud storm
5. Operation Megh Rahat__ Jammu & Kahmir floods
6. Operation Surya _ Indian army helping hand uttarkhand floods
7. Operation Rahat__ Indian Airforce helping hand uttarkhand floods
8. Operation All Out __ Against bodo miltants
9. Operation Green Hunt __ govt of India's paraforces state's forces against the Naxalites
10. Operation Red Spider__ AML of ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank and Axis Bank.
11. Operation Maitri - Nepal
12. Operation Sistachar - Delhi police
13. Operation Shiva - Amarnath Yatra
14. Operation Muskan - Gurgaon Police
15. Operation Smile - Ghaziabad Police
16. Operation Talash - Dornier End
#committes
GOVT committes
1. Union Government formed a Committee to oversee 125th Bhim Jayanti celebrations--MODI
2. Union Ministry of Finance constituted Committee on Revisiting & Revitalizing PPP Model--Vijay
Kelkar
3. Union Government constituted Task Force on Interlinking of Rivers--BN Navalawala
4. Union Ministry of Commerce and Industry committee to simplify clearances --Ajay Shankar
5. Union Government constituted SIT to reinvestigate 1984 anti-Sikh riot cases--Pramod Asthana
6. Union Government constituted to suggest a framework to assess CSR activities--Anil Baijal
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7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Union Cabinet reconstituted Empowered Committee on setting up of Semiconductor Wafer FAB

projects--V K Saraswat
Committee recommended single window system for environment projects--Subramanium
Union Government set up to examine constitution of SIT on 1984 anti-Sikh riots-Mathur committee
Union Finance Ministry constituted High Level Committee to hear industry's tax issues--Ashok Lahiri
Union Government constituted committee to provide Bankruptcy code for SMEs--Vishwanathan
Panel submitted its report with guidelines on government ads--Madhava Menon
Committee reported most deemed universities not fit for being a university--H Devaraj
Union Finance Ministry constituted panel to evaluate unclaimed PPF--H R Khan
Bombay High Court set up Committee to conduct forensic audit of NSEL--V V Daga
RBI Committes
1. Report of Committee on Data Standardization-- P. Parthasarathi
2. Report of the Internal Working Group (IWG) to Revisit the Existing Priority Sector Lending
Guidelines-- Lily Vadera
3. Report of the Committee on Capacity Building in Banks and non-Banks-- G Gopalakrishna
4. Report of the Internal Working Group on Implementation of Counter-cyclical Capital Buffer-- B.
Mahapatra
5. Report of the Committee on Data and Information Management in the Reserve Bank of India--Shri
D.K.Mohanty
6. Estimates of Productivity Growth for the Indian Economy --B N Goldar
7. Report of The Committee to Review Governance of Boards of Banks in IndiA--P.J.Nayak
8. Report of the Working Group on Resolution Regime for Financial Institutions-- Anand Sinha
9. Report of the GIRO Advisory Group--Umesh Bellur
10. Report of the Group on Enabling PKI in Payment System Applications--Anil Kumar Sharma
11. Report of the Working Group on Pricing of Credit--Shri Anand Sinha
12. Report of the Committee to Recommend Data Format for Furnishing of Credit Information to Credit
Information Companies--Aditya Puri
13. Implementation Group on OTC Derivatives Market Reforms--R. Gandhi
14. Report of the Committee on Financial Benchmarks--P. Vijaya Bhaskar
15. Report of the Technical Committee on Mobile Banking--B Sambamurthy
16. Report of the Technical Committee on Enabling Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) in Payment System
Applications-- Anil Kumar Sharma
17. Report of the Expert Committee to Revise and Strengthen the Monetary Policy Framework--Urjit
Patel
18. Committee on Comprehensive Financial Services for Small Businesses and Low Income Households-Nachiket Mor
SEBI COMMITTES recent
1. Alternative Investment Policy Advisory Committee (AIPAC)--N.R. Narayana Murthy
2. Secondary Market Advisory Committee (SMAC)--Jayanth R. Varma
3. SEBI Committee on Disclosures and Accounting Standards (SCODA)--Ishaat Hussain
4. Advisory Committee for the SEBI Investor Protection and Education Fund--Shri K.V.Kamath
5. Risk Management Review Committee (RMRC)---J. R. Varma Professor
6. committee on Clearing Corporations --K. V. kamath Chairman
7. SEBI Advisory Committee on Mutual Funds--Janki Ballabh
8. Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) -- Dr. Ashok Jhunjhunwala
9. High Level Committee for reviewing the SEBI (Prohibition of Insider Trading)--Justice N.K. Sodh
10. 1Corporate Bonds and Securitization Advisory Committee (CoBoSAC)--Shyamala Gopinath
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Railway committes
1. Mobilization of Resources for Major Railway Projects &Restructuring of Railway Ministry and
Railway Board___ Bibek Debroy
2. ways and means to raise the revenue of Indian Railways__D.K.mittal
3. High Level Safety Review Committee under the chairmanship __ Dr. Anil Kakodkar
4. Indian Railways Vision 2020__Rakesh Mohan
5. Expert Group on Modernization of Railways _Sam Pitroda
6. Committee on Creative Financing for Indian Railways_ Montek Singh Ahluwalia
RECENT BILLS & ACTS passed
INDO -BANGLADESH land boundary bill __ 119th amendement_ Both houses
Repeating and amending bill -2015 __ both houses
The right of TRANSGENDER persons bill -2014 -- rajyasabha
Black money and imposition of tax bill -2015 -- rajyasabha
Compesatory Afforestaion fund bill cleared-- rajyasabha
Juvenile Justice bill -2015 __ both houses _ age reduced from 18 -to -16
Whistle blower protection act --passed by cabinet
The coal mines bill-2015__ parliament
Mines & minerals amendement bill -2015 __ parliament
MOTOR-VEHICLES Amendement bill -2014 __ Loksabha_ FOR e-rickshaws
Public premises Amendement bill _2014 _ passed by loksabha
Electricity amendemnt bill 2014 _ passed by loksabha
Apprentice bill -- passed by loksabha
SC-related bills passed by -- parilament_ haryana,karnataka,odsiha,dadra& nagar haveli
Anti -corrupt act -- cleared by cabinet
Homi-pathy act --clears by cabinet
NID -BILL national institute design bill2013 __ rajyasabha
Real- Estate Regulation development bill __ cabinet clears the bill
National judicial appointments commission bill __ 124th amen__now ACT
Land aqusition bill 2014__ govt approved ordiance for ease to land aqusition law
The Securities Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2014--passed by both houses
The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Bill, 2014-- passed by both houses
STATE BILLS
Anti -terror bill -- gujarat
Tamil nadu govt passed dhoti bill
Maharastra bans dance bars -- assembly passed bill
Rajasthan --first state to ratifies NJAC bill
Banning beef bill passed by --maharastra & haryana & rajasthan
Gujrat local authorities law amendement bill __ compulsory voting
Minimum educational eligibility bill for panchayat election rajasthan
#SUMMITS & VENUES
International
G20 Meeting -- 2015 Turkey, Antalya , 2016 --China
APEC Summit --27th APEC Summit 2015 Philippines , 2016 Lima, 2017 Hano, Vietnam
Nuclear Security Summit - 4th Nuclear Security Summit 2016 : United States
Indian science congres--2015 --- mumbai, 2016 -- mysore
G8 NOW --G7 _Summit -- 2015 Schloss Elmau (Germany)
BRICS Summit -7th BRICS Summit 2015 Ufa, Russia , 2016--india , newdelhi
SCO summit -- 2015 --Ufa, Russia
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SAARC Summit -5th SAARC health minister meet - new delhi,19th -- islamabad , pakistan
ASEAN Summit -26th ASEAN summit 2015 -- Langkawi , Kuala Lumpur
NATO summit 2016-- Warshaw , poland
4th BIMSTEC Summit 2015--- Nepal
Global earth hour 2015 - Seoul
Arab Summit 2015 --Cairo
SANSKRIT summit - 2015-- bangkok
23rd CHOGM 2015--Portlouis,Mauritius
world water summit 2015--Athens , greece
UN climate change conference 2015 - PARIS
New Jersey to host International Hindi Conference in April 2015
The Economist Insurance Summit 2015--united kingdom
8th India-Republic of Korea Joint Commission meeting --South Korea
EU-US 2015 -- United States and the European Union --Brussels
8TH IRENA -- international renewable energy agency -- Abu dhabi
6th International Nuclear Energy Forum Atomexpo 2014 --Moscow
3rdUN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction -- Sendai, Japan
13th UN Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice --- Doha
National summits
Pravasi Bharatiya Divas --2015 -- Gujarat (Gandhinagar) ,2016-- AGRA
RE-Invest 2015-- New Delhi
29th Indian Economy Summit in-- Delhi
PERTOTECH summit -2015 -- New delhi
15th Sustainable Development Summit--Delhi
3rd India 2015 Africa Forum Summit - New Delhi
World Diamond Conference 2015-- New Delhi
1st Renewable Energy Global Investors Meet & Expo-- NEW delhi
1st World ocean science congress -- kochi
11th METRO POLIS CONGRESS --HYDERABAD
7th Global Insurance Summit 2014--Hyderabad
Global Investors meet o Global Investors Meet 2015 --Chennai
1st Counter-Terrorism Conference 2015 held in Jaipur
7th Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in 2016-- INDIA
World Congress on Information Technology in 2018--Hyderabad
18th National Conference on e-Governance held in-- Gujarat
New Jersey to host International Hindi Conference in April 2015
8th India-Republic of Korea Joint Commission meeting --South Korea
77th Annual Convention of Presiding Officers of Legislative Bodies held in Lucknow
#Fortune /Forbes / World /Asia-pacific/Britain -2015
1. World Billioniers list 2015 tops -CHINA
2. Richest person on the planet_2015-- BILL GATES
3. Richest Women In The World 2015--Christy Walton(WALMART)
4. The World's Richest BILLIONIER 2015 -- BILL GATES
5. The World's Youngest Billionaires under 40--2015 --Evan Spiegel & Bobby Murphy--Snapchat
cofounders
6. The World's Highest-Paid Superstars Of 2015--Floyd Mayweather
7. The World's Highest-Paid Athletes-- 2015 --Floyd Mayweather
8. Asia's 50 Power Businesswomen--2015--Lucy Peng(ALIBABA)
9. FORBES india rich list 2015 -- Dilip sangavi
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10. Top 20 Richest Indian Celebrity in 2015--salman khan
11. FORBES 50 power ful women list - india women --Arundhati bahattchary(SBI)
12. FORBES most powerful person - 2015 -- Modi- 15 *
13. FORBES -Bussiness person of year 2014 - LARRY PAGE
14. FORTUNE -500 india biggest country --IOC*
15. Wealth-X list-2015 under 40 age billioners--Arun Pudur (INDIA)-- cel frame
16. Forbes Global 2000 companies in 2015--USA
17. FORTUNE 100 Best Companies to Work For-- GOOGLE
18. FORTUNE WORLD'S GREATEST LEADERS-2015--TIM COOK
19. FORTUNE Worlds Billonier list 2015 tops -CHINA
20. Fortune 500 companies _ 2015--wall mart
21. FORTUNE_The 100 Best Workplaces for Millennials in 2015_ power home remodelling group
22. Fortune Magazine's 40 under 40-- 2015 __Travis Kalanick-Uber
23. Richest woman in Britain 2015--Kirsty Bertarelli
24. TIMES--Britain richest sportsperson 2015 --Lewis hamilton
25. Wealth-X list-2015 under 40 age billioners--Arun Pudur (INDIA)-- cel frame
26. luxury publishing group Huran Report-- world rischest countries --USA,CHINA,INDIA
27. Most 5 influential medicine makers 2015--ANTHONY FACUI --USA
28. Most 5 influential medicine makers 2015--KIRAN AMZUMDAR SHAH-INDIA
29. Expensive cities in 2015 by WEALTH -X REPORT -Luanda, Angola
30. Least expensive cities in 2015 --Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
# SCIENCE & TECHONOLOGY & DEFENCE

1. MEGA-TROPHICS -- INDO -FRENCH - satellite mission watercycle in the tropical atmosphere
2. NAVIAGATION SATELLITES _
IRNSS -1A_PLV-C22
IRNSS - 1B_PLV-C24
IRNSS - 1C_PSLV-C26
IRNSS -1D_ PSLV-C27
3. GSLV MARK -3 -X launched --CARE crew module atmospheric reentry experiment
4. GSAT- 16 - INSAT-3E decommissioned satellite by ISRO
PLANETS & SPACECRAFTS
1. MERCURY -- Messenger -- NASA
2. VENUS--- Venus express-- ESA
3. MARS--- Curiosity ,Maven-- NASA , India --MOM
4. JUPITER--- Juno-- NASA
5. SATURN--Cassini --Hugyens --NASA & ESA
6. URANUS-- Voyager-NASA
7. NEPTUNE ---Voyager 2 -- NASA
8. PLUTO -- New horizons
9. *MOON-- Mangalayaan
INDIA DEFENCE & NAVAL EXERCISES
AJAI__Indian army excise
AKRAMAN-2__ Indian army Rajasthan
FOAL EAGLE__South korea & USA
GARUDA__India-france_ Air exercise
HAND-HAND _India & China
INDRA__India & russia
JIMEX __India & japan
KOMADO-2014 Indonesia
MALBAR US & India
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MARITIME-coperation India & china & pakistan
MILAN __India & 16 countires
MITRA SAKTHI__India & srilanka
NASEEM AL-BAHR__India & oman
PEACE ANGLE__Pakistan & China
PASSEX -- india & china
RANDI __china& pakistan
SAR- search & rescue-- INDIA & china
SARDAR VIJAY__Indian airforce exercise_rajasthan
SARVADA VIJAY __ Indian army _ rajasthan
SHATRUJEE__ India & USA
SHADE__Naval forces of india,japan,china
START__Russia & USA
SIMBEX__ India & singapore
SURYA-KIRAN__India & nepal
SILK ROUTE 2015__sri lanka & china
TROPEX __ India naval exercise__ Indian ocean & Bay of bengal & Arbian sea
YUDH-ABHYAS__India & US
VARUNA__India&France
RECENT INS projects commissioned 2014-15
INS Vikrant __decommissioned -- mumbai
INS Vikramditya __aircraft carrier --Sevmash Shipyard in Russia__ modi
INS Viraat __ Aircraft carrier -- westernnaval command __ Arun jaitley
INS Arihant __ first indigenously nuclear submarine__ vishakptnam
INS Kamorta _ First indigenoulsy anti-submarine _ kolkatta
INS Shakti , INS Ranvijay, INS Shivalik __ particpated in INDRA-2014 NAVAL exercise
INS Kolkatta __guided missile destroyer __ mumbai __ modi
INS Sumitra __ (NOPV)naval offshore patrol vessel __ chennai _ R.k.dhowan
INS Kalvari __ First scorpine class__ mazagon docyard _ mumbai
INS Vishakpatnam __ Biggest stealth destroyer __Mumbai
INS Sardarpatel __ Naval base __ GUJARAT__ R.k.dhowan
INS CHAKRA - First nuclear submarie leased from russia
Recent decommisioned -- INS VIRAT , INS VIKRANT
Other countries recent defence
PAKISTAN --BURRAQ- Drone ,BARQ -- Laser guided missile ,SHAHPAR - UAVs,Shaheen - 2 & 3 ballistic missile ,RAAD - nuclear capabale cruise missile ,HATF-VI - ballistic missile
CHINA --*Wu-14 -- Hypersonic strike vehicle , Yaogan -23 Remote sensing satellite ,DF-41 - multi
war head super ballistic missile ,CHANG'e-5 --unmanned space craft
INDIA - ISRAEL-- LRSAM missile tested -70km range
JAPAN--IZUMO - largest warship - visted by manoharparikar.
European agency--BEAGLE -2 / mars express
SPACE -X launched falcon 9 rocket from florida
RUSSIA--Angara - A5 rocket W/missile attack warning spy
*CBERS 4 -- china & brazil - earth resources satellite
* ARSAT-1 -- Argentina domestic commuincation satellite
DEFENSE AGGREMENTS
Pipavav shipyard, Anil Ambani goes big on defence
kalyani group -- with ISREAL RAFALE
300 Spike anti-missile tanks ISRAEL
200 SUKHOI -latest RUSSIA 5th generation
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197 Light ultra helicopters CHIRIOOK /APACHE USA

126 MMRCA france
114 DHANUSH GUNSindigenious
106 PILATUS aircraft Switzerland
100 MIG -21 J
56 Transport aircraft for india airforce
36 DASAULT RAFALE ready to fly FRANCE
16 Multi role Helicopter BOEING USA
15 Amphbious patrol aircraft JAPAN
4 CHINTAL from india -to afganistan
HEADS & DEFENCE CHIEFS

NSA AJIT DOVEL
NAVAL R.K.DHOWAN
AIRFORCE Arup Raha
ARMY Dalbir Singh Suhag
ITBP krishna chowdary
BSF Devendra Kumar Pathak
CRPF Prakash Mishra
NSG J N Choudhury
DRDO S Christopher
HAL TS Raju
BEL S.K. SHARMA
BDL V.UDAYA BHASKAR
ISRO Kiran kumar
VSSC-- K.SIVAN
SHAR -- P.kunhi krishnan
LPSC -- S.bandopadyyya
RAW Rajinder Khanna
CBI Anil Kumar Sinha
IB Dineshwar Sharma
Recent power projects -2015
ARUN -3 hydro power project india helps - nepal
RINL -- commissions green power project pollution free - 120 MWcapcity
SPVs (Special purpose vehicles) coal locked states project -- chattisgarh , jharkahand , odhisa
BHEL - 800MW - Kothagudam - telengana
BHEL commission 147MW power plant in rwanda
BHEL , russian firm INTMA ink powerplant in Kazakhstan
BHEL commissioned 600MW thermal unit at dhabra in chattisgarh --600MW
ADANI -Largest solarpark -- rajasthan --10000MW
MODI - Inaugurated -- power plant khandwa district Mdhya pradesh- 600 MW
MODI - Inauagrated 2nd unit palatana power project in tripura
REWA - 750MW solar project - MADHYA PRADESH
POPULATION CENSUS -2011
It has been conducted every 10 years, beginning in 1871.

Census 2011 were released in New Delhi on 31st March 2011
Union Home Secretary GK Pillai and RGI C Chandramouli.
Census 2011 was the 15th census of india & 7th census after Independece
The motto of census 2011 was Our Census, Our future.
Total estimated cost of the Census was INR2200 crore (US$350 million).
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First census in 1872.

Present Registrar General & Census Commissioner C.Chandra Mouli
Total Population 1,210,569,573 (1.21 Billion)
India in 2nd rank in population with 17.64%. decadal growth & China is 1st rank with decadal
growth 19% (over 1.35 billion)
World Population is 7 Billions
Increase in population during 2001 2011 is 181 Million
Population 1210.19 million [Males 623.7 million (51.54%) Females 586.46 million (48.46%)
Top Populous of the State
1.Uttar Pradesh --19,98,12,341
2.Maharashtra--11,23,74,33
3.Bihar--10,40,99,452
4.West Bengal--9,12,76,115
5.Andhra Pradesh--8,45,80,777
Least Populous of the State
1. Lakshadweep 64,473
2. Daman and Diu
2,43,247
3,43,709
3. Dadra and Nagar Haveli
4. Andaman and Nicobar Islands
3,80,581
5. Sikkim 6,10,577
Population Highlight
Highest Populous UT-Delhi
Least Populous UT-Lakshadweep
Highest Populous state
--Uttar Pradesh
Least populous state--Sikkim
Highest urban Population in india (state& UT)--Maharashtra 4,11,00,980
Lowest urban Population in india (state& UT)--Lakshadweep 26,967
Highest Rular Population in india (state& UT)--Uttar Pradesh 13,16,58,339
Lowest Rular Population in india (state& UT)--Lakshadweep 33,683
Sex Ratio (Females per 1000 Males) Sex ratio in India--943
Highest sex ratio in state--Kerala (1084)
Lowest sex ratio in state--Haryana (879)
Highest sex ratio in UT--Pondicherry (1037)
Lowest sex ratio in UT--Daman and Diu (618)
Child (0-6 years) sex ratio--914
Highest child (0-6) sex ratio in state--Mizoram (971)
Lowest child (0-6) sex ratio in state--Haryana (830)
Total Person Literacy Rate--74%
Males--82.14%
Females--65.46%
Highest Literacy Rate in State--Kerala (94%)
Lowest Literacy Rate in State--Bihar (61.8%)
Hightest Literacy Rate in UT--Lakshadweep (91%)
Lowest Literacy Rate in UT--Dadra and Nagar Haveli (76.24%)
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CENSUS -2011

1. First Economic census since 1932
2. Relesed by M.r.ARUN JAITELY
3. National stastical commission chairman -- pronab sen
Important points
1 IN 3 Rural household are landless
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Total housholds--24.39 crores
Rural poverty level--25.7%
census--640 districts covered
Rural households--17.91 crores
Deprived household--10.69 crores
without a salaried jobs--90.3%
Landless house holds --56%
Parameters considered
Source of income, Literacy/education, Water supply, power supply, employement, women /quality
of living, Households
HIGHLIGHTS
Women population--48%
Transgender--0.1%
Unmarried--41.6%
Currently married --40%
Divorced--3.5%
5 Members average household size among 12.8% out of them are headed by women
Illerate --36%
Literate --64%
Crossed higher secondary--5.4%
graduated form colleage --3.4%
State performance
Highest illterate state -- Rajasthan --47.6%
Lowest illterate state -- Lakshdweep -- 9.3% , Kerala -- 11.4%
DELHI best state for completed graduate -- 9.6%
Highest widow population -- puducherry --6% Followed by kerala -- 5.5 %
WATER/POWER
50 lakh household are not aware of drinking water facility
20 laksh housholds having no electricity facility
LABOUR
Manual labour -51%
90% of housholds with out salaried jobs
35 Lakhs with no household incomes
43000 House hold incomes --beggining stage
RGI (Religion)Census 2011
Total Population in 2011 is 121.09 crores
Hindu 96.63 crores (79.8%)
Muslim 17.22 crores (14.2%)
Christian 2.78 crores (2.3%)
Sikh 2.08 crores (1.7%)
Buddhist 0.84 crores (0.7%)
Jain 0.45 crores (0.4%),
Other Religions & Persuasions (ORP) 0.79 crores (0.7%)
Religion Not Stated 0.29 crores (0.2%).
Proportion
The proportion of Hindu population to total population in 2011 has declined by 0.7 percentage point (PP);
the proportion of Sikh population has declined by 0.2 PP and the Buddhist population has declined by 0.1
PP during the decade 2001-2011. The proportion of Muslim population to total population has increased
by 0.8 PP. There has been no significant change in the proportion of Christians & Jains.
Growth Rate
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The growth rate of population in the decade 2001-2011 was 17.7 %. The growth rate of population of the
different religious communities in the same period was as Hindus: 16.8%; Muslim: 24.6%; Christian: 15.5%;
Sikh: 8.4%; Buddhist: 6.1% and Jain: 5.4%.
#SPORTS EVENTS important
F-1 Grand Prix winners this year -2015
Lewis Hamilton --AB^3C^2 --A-- Australian,B-- Bharaian , British , Belguim , C -- Chinese , Canada
Nico Rosberg -- SAM, S -- Spanish, A-- Austrian ,M -- Monoco
Sebestaian vettel --HM (Hindustan motors )H -Hungarian ,M -- Malaysian
AUSTRALIAN-2015
MENS SINGLES --Novak Djokovic & WOMEN SINGLES -- Serena Williams
MENS DOUBLES --Fabio Fognini/ Simone Bolelli
WOMEN DOUBLES --Lucie Safarova/Bethanie Mattek-Sands
MIXED DOUBLES -- Leander Paes/Martina Hingis
FRENCH OPEN-2015
MENS SINGLES -- Stanles wawrincka& WOMEN SINGLES --Serena Williams
Men's Doubles--Ivan Dodig / Brazil Marcelo Melo
Women's Doubles--Bethanie Mattek-Sands / Lucie Safrova
Mixed Doubles--Bethanie Mattek-Sands / United States Mike Bryan
WIMBLEDON OPEN -2015
MENS SINGLES --Novak Djokovic & WOMEN SINGLES --Serena Williams
MENS DOUBLES --Jean-Julien Rojer / Romania Horia Tecau
WOMEN DOUBLES --Martina Hingis / Sania Mirza
MIXED DOUBLES--Leander Paes / Switzerland Martina Hingis
# BEST-OF-BEST ABBREVATIONS
#A
ACF --Auto-Correlation Function
AD-- Authorized Dealer
ADB --Asian Development Bank
ADR-- American Depository Receipt
AFS-- Annual Financial Statement
AGM-- Annual General Meeting
AIRCSC --All India Rural Credit Survey Committee
AO --Additive Outliers
AR-- Auto Regression
ARIMA-- Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average
AFS-- Available For Sale
ASSOCHAM --Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India
ATM--Asynchronous Transfer Mode
ATM --Automated Teller Machine
#B
BIS --Bank for International Settlements
BOI --Bank of India
BoP-- Balance of Payments
BPSD --Balance of Payments Division,
BSR --Basic Statistical Returns
#C
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CAD --Capital Account Deficit
CAG --Controller and Auditor General of India
CBS-- Consolidated Banking Statistics
CC-- Cash Credit
CD --Certificate of Deposit
CDR--Credit Deposit Ratio
CDBS --Committee of Direction on Banking Statistics
CF-- Company Finance
CFRA-- Combined Finance and Revenue Accounts
CGRA-- Currency and Gold Revaluation Account
CII --Confederation of Indian Industries
CO --Capital Outlay
CP-- Commercial Paper
CPI --Consumer Price Index
CPI-IW Consumer Price Index for Industrial Workers
CR --Capital Receipts
CRAR --Capital to Risk Weighted Asset Ratio
CRR-- Cash Reserve Ratio
CSIR --Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
CSO --Central Statistical Organisation
CVC --Central Vigilance Commission
#D
DAP-- Development Action Plan
DBOD-- Department of Banking Operations and Development
DCB-- Demand Collection and Balance
DCCB-- District Central Cooperative Bank
DD-- Demand Draft
DDS --Data Dissemination Standards
DEIO --Department of External Investments and Operations
DI-- Direct Investment
DICGC-- Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation of India
DID--Discharge of Internal Debt
DMA --Departmentalized Ministries Account
DRI --Differntial Rate of Interest Scheme
DSBB --Dissemination Standards Bulletin Board
DVP --Delivery versus Payment
#E
ECB --External Commercial Borrowing
ECB-- European Central Bank
ECGC-- Export Credit and Guarantee Corporation
ECS --Electronic Clearing Scheme
EDMU --External Debt Management Unit
EEA --Exchange Equalization Account
EEC-- European Economic Community
EEFC --Exchange Earners Foreign Currency
EFR-- Exchange Fluctuation Reserve
EPF-- Employees Provident Fund
EUR-- Euro
EXIM --Bank Export Import Bank of India
#F
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FCA --Foreign Currency Assets
FCCB-- Foreign Currency Convertible Bond
FCNR(B)-- Foreign Currency Non-resident (Banks)
FCNRA --Foreign Currency Non-resident Account
FCNRD-- Foreign Currency Non-Repatriable Deposit
FDI --Foreign Direct Investment
FEMA-- Foreign Exchange Management Act
FI-- Financial Institution
FICCI --Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry
FII-- Foreign Institutional Investor
FIMMDA--Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives Association of India
FISIM --Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured
FLAS --Foreign Liabilities and Assets Survey
FOF-- Flow Of Funds
FPI-- Foreign Portfolio Investment
FRA --Forward Rate Agreement
FRBM --Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, 2003
FRN-- Floating Rate Note
FSS -Farmers Service Societies
FWG-- First Working Group on Money supply
#G
GDP-- Gross Domestic Product
GDR-- Global Depository Receipt
GFD --Gross Fiscal Deficit
GFS-- Government Finance Statistics
GIC-- General Insurance Corporation
GLS --Generalized Least Squares
GNIE-- Government Not Included Elsewhere
GoI --Government of India
GPD --Gross Primary Deficit
G-Sec-- Government Securities
#H
HDFC-- Housing Development Finance Corporation
HFT --Held For Trading
HICP-- Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices
HUDCO-- Housing & Urban Development Corporation
#I
IBRD-- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
IBS --International Banking Statistics
ICAR-- Indian Council of Agricultural Research
ICICI --Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India
ICMR-- Indian Council of Medical Research
IDB-- India Development Bonds
IDBI-- Industrial Development Bank of India
IDD --Industrial Development Department
IFAD-- International Fund for Agricultural Development
IFC-- International Finance Corporation
IFCI --Industrial Finance Corporation of India
IFR --Investment Fluctuation Reserve Account
IFS-- International Financial Statistics
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IGLS-- Iterative Generalized Least Squares
IIBI --Industrial Investment Bank of India
IIP --Index of Industrial Production
IMD-- India Millennium Deposits
IMF-- International Monetary Fund
IN-- India
INR-- Indian Rupee
IOTT --Input-Output Transaction Table
IRBI-- Industrial Reconstruction Bank of India
ISDA-- International Swaps and Derivative Association
ISIC-- International Standard Industrial Classification
ISO-- International Standards Organization
ITRS-- International Transaction Reporting System
IWGEDS-- International Working Group on External Debt Statistics
#L
LAF-- Liquidity Adjustment Facility
LAMPS --Large-sized Adivasi Multipurpose Societies
LBD --Land Development Bank
LBS --Locational Banking Statistics
LERMS-- Liberalised Exchange Rate Management System
LIC-- Life Insurance Corporation of India
LTO-- Long Term Operation
#M
M1 --Narrow Money
M3-- Broad Money
MIGA-- Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
MIS-- Management Information System
MMSE-- Minimum Mean Squared Errors
MSS --Market Stabilisation Scheme
MT-- Mail Transfer
MTM-- Mark-To-Market
#N
NABARD-- National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
NAS --National Account Statistics
NASSCOM --National Association of Software and Services Companies
NBC --Non-Banking Companies
NBFC-- Non Banking Financial Companies
NEC --Not Elsewhere Classified
NEER-- Nominal Effective Exchange Rate
NFA --Non-Foreign Exchange Assets
NFD-- Net Fiscal Deficit
NGO-- Non-Governmental Organization
NHB-- National Housing Bank
NIC --National Industrial Classification
NIF --Note Issuance Facility
NNML --Net Non-Monetary Liabilities
NPA --Non-Performing Assets
NPD-- Net Primary Deficit
NPRB --Net Primary Revenue Balance
NPV --Net Present Value
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NRE-- Non-Resident External
NRG --Non-Resident Government
NRI-- Non-Resident Indian
NSC --National Statistical Commission
NSSF-- National Small Savings Fund
#O
ODA --Official Development Assistance
OECD-- Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
OECO --Organisaton for Economic Co-operation
OFI --Other Financial Institutions
OLTAS --OnLine Tax Accounting System
OMO --Open Market Operations
OSCB-- Other Indian Scheduled Commercial Bank
#P
PACF-- Partial Auto-Correlation Function
PACS --Primary Agriculture Credit Societies
PCARDB-- Primary Cooperative Agriculture and Rural Development Bank
PD-- Primary Deficit
PDAI-- Primary Dealers Association of India
PDO-- Public Debt Office
PDO-NDS-- Public Debt Office-cum-Negotiated Dealing System
PDs-- Primary Dealers
PES-- Public Enterprises Survey
PF --Provident Fund
PIO --Persons of Indian Origin
PRB --Primary Revenue Balance
PSE-- Public Sector Enterprises
PUC-- Paid Up Capital
QRR --Quick Review Report
#R
RD-- Revenue Deficit
RE-- Revenue Expenditure
REC --Rural Electrification Corporation
REER-- Real Effective Exchange Rate
RFC-- Residents Foreign Currency
RIB-- Resurgent India Bonds
RIDF-- Rural Infrastructure Development Fund
RLA-- Recoveries of Loans & Advances
RLC --Repayment of Loans to Centre
RNBC-- Residuary Non-Banking Companies
RoCs-- Registrars of Companies
RPA-- Rupee Payment Area
RPCD-- Rural Planning and Credit Department, RBI
RR --Revenue Receipts
RRB --Regional Rural Bank
RTP --Reserve Tranche Position
RUF-- Revolving Underwriting Facility
RWA-- Risk Weighted Asset
#S
SAM-- Social Accounting Matrix
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SAS --Statistical Analysis System
SCARDB-- State Cooperative Agriculture and Rural Development Bank
SCB-- State Cooperative Bank
SCB-- Scheduled Commercial Bank
SCS --Size Class Strata
SDDS-- Special Data Dissemination Standards
SDR --Special Drawing Right
SEBI --Securities and Exchange Board of India
SEBs-- State Electricity Boards
SFC-- State Financial Corporation
SGL-- Subsidiary General Ledger
SGSY-- Swarnajayanthi Gram Swarrojgar Yojana
SHGs --Self-Help Groups
SIDBI-- Small Industries Development Bank of India
SIDC-- State Industrial Development Corporation
SI-SPA --Systems Improvement Scheme under Special Project Agriculture
SJSRY-- Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rojgar Yojana
SLR-- Statutory Liquidity Ratio
SLRS-- Scheme for Liberation & Rehabilitation of Scavangers
SMG --Standing Monitoring Group
SNA-- System of National Accounts
SRWTO --Small road & Water Transport Operators
SSI --Small-Scale Industries
SSSBEs --Small Scale Service & Business Enterprises
SWG-- Second Working Group on Money Supply
#T
TBs --Treasury Bills
TC-- Temporary Change
TT --Telegraphic Transfer
#U
UBB-- Uniform Balance Book
UBD-- Urban Banks Department
UCB-- Urban Cooperative Bank
UCN --Uniform Code Number
US --United States
USD-- US Dollars
UTI-- Unit Trust of India
VC --Venture Capital
#W
WGMS-- Working Group on Money Supply
WPI --Wholesale Price Index
WSS-- Weekly Statistical Supplement
YTM --Yield to Maturity
#FINANCIAL AWARNESS
Highlights of RBIs 2nd Bi-Monthly Monetary Policy
Shortterm lending rate (repo) cut by 0.25 per cent to 7.25 per cent
Cash Reserve Ratio unchanged at 4 per cent
Statutory Liquidity Ratio retained at 21.5 per cent
Inflation expected to rise to 6 per cent by January 2016
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Growth forecast lowered to 7.6 per cent for 2015-16 from 7.8 per cent projected in April.
RBI Estimates Current Account Deficit at 1.5% in FY16
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) on 16 July 2015 permitted Cooperative Banks with Core Banking
Solution (CBS) to issue ATM cards/ATM-cum-debit cards in tie with a sponsor banks. The decision
was taken by the RBI in an attempt to move towards a less-cash economy and with an aim to
inculcate the habit of using electronic payment channels among bank customers.
Following are the criteria to become a sub-member of NFS:
i. Core Banking Solution (CBS) fully implemented
ii. Licence for conducting banking business Introduction from sponsor bank (a bank having
ATM network connectivity)
iii. Connectivity with National Payment Corporation of India (NPCI)
iv. The decision is in addition to the earlier decision of the RBI taken on 16 April 2015 to allow
State Cooperative Banks (StCBs) to install offsite/ mobile ATMs as per their need and
potential in their area of operation.
However, they were allowed to install mobile ATMs only with prior permission of the RBI and
subject to satisfyingthe following criteria:
i. CRAR not being less than 9 per cent
ii. No default in maintenance of CRR/SLR during the preceding financial year
iii. Net NPA being less than 5 per cent
iv. The bank should have a track record of regulatory compliance and no monetary penalty
should have been imposed on the bank on account of violation of RBI directives/guidelines
during last two financial years
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) on 15 July 2015 constituted a committee to work out a five-year
(medium-term) action plan for financial inclusion. The 14-member panel will be headed by RBI
executive director Deepak Mohanty. The Committee will work to spread the reach of financial
services to unbanked population.
To review the existing policy of financial inclusion including supportive payment system and
customer protection framework taking into account the recommendations made by various
committees set up earlier.
To study cross country experiences in financial inclusion to identify key learnings, particularly in the
area of technology-based delivery models, that could inform our policies and practices.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) on 16 July 2015 directed banks to ensure that their overall direct
lending to farmers should not fall below the average of last three years. The direction was given by
RBI against the backdrop of government expressing concern over adverse impact of any reduction
in direct credit, given the adverse weather conditions. Further, the RBI warned the banks that direct
lending below the target set for priority sector lending will attract usual penalties. The apex bank
also said that banks should also continue to maintain efforts to reach the level of 13.5 percent
direct lending to beneficiaries who earlier constituted the direct agriculture sector.
The RBI has asked banks to consider the due date on which the customer is supposed to pay the
minimum amount towards credit card dues while calculating the 90-day period beyond which the
customer will be considered an NPA if there is no payment made.
The Reserve Bank signed a special currency swap agreement with the Central Bank of Sri Lanka that
will allow the latter to draw up to USD 1.1 billion. Under the arrangement, the Sri Lankan bank can
draw up to USD 1.1 billion for a maximum period of six months. This special arrangement is in
addition to the existing Framework on Currency Swap Arrangement for the SAARC member
countries. In March, RBI had signed a Currency Swap Agreement with the Central Bank of Sri Lanka
for USD 400 million under the existing SAARC Currency Swap Framework within the overall limit of
USD 2 billion.
2. MONTHLY-FINANCIAL AWARNESS
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AUGUST
RBI norms to push more loans to farmers
In a bid to strengthen credit flow to small and marginal farmers, RBI has asked banks to ensure that direct
lending to non-corporate farmers does not fall below the systemwide average of the last three years
achievement
RBI on fair value for recast exercise
RBI said that a rate equal to the actual interest rate charged to the borrower before restructuring may be
used to discount future cash flows for the purpose ofdetermining the diminution in fair value of loans
onrestructuring.
RBI tightens NPA rule on credit card dues
Past due' status of a credit card account for the purpose of asset classification would be reckoned from the
payment due date mentioned in the monthly credit card statement. Consequently, in case of banks, a
credit card account will be treated as Non-Performing Asset if the minimum amount due, as mentioned in
the statement, is not paid fully within 90 days from the payment due date mentioned in the statement
RBI allows issue of prepaid cards by mass rapid operators
RBI has given its final nod for introducing a new category of semi-closed Prepaid Payment Instruments
(PPI) for Mass Transit Systems (PPI-MTS) to encourage migration
from cash to electronic payments. Among other features, these instruments will be re-loadable, can have a
balance limit of up to `2,000 and come with minimum validity of
six months from the date of issue.
Banks should make use of CRILC
RBI has asked banks to make use of the information available in Central Repository of Information on Large
Credits (CRILC) while opening current accounts of customers. They should not just limit their due diligence
to seeking a No-Objection Certificate (NOC) from the bank with whom the customer is supposed to be
enjoying the credit facilities.
RBI's revised MIBOR method
With the introduction of Financial Benchmarks India Limited - Overnight MIBOR on July 22, 2015, RBI has
revised the methodology for the Fixed Income, Money Market and Derivatives Association of India
(FIMMDA) - National Stock Exchange - Overnight Mumbai Interbank bid / offer rate (overnight MIBID /
MIBOR) benchmark in India.
RBI on credit concentration norms
RBI will give leeway to NBFCs in determination of credit concentration norms for their investments made in
companies in the same group / subsidiaries of NBFCs, provided these investments have been reduced to
the extent such amount exceeds 10 per cent of the Owned
Funds
NBFCs need RBI nod for acquisition, transfer of
control
As per a RBI notification, in cases of acquisition / transfer of control of NBFCs, parties to the transaction
will need to give prior public notice and seek its approval. NBFCs will have to give public notice of at least
30 days before effecting the sale or transfer of ownership through sale of shares, or transfer of control
with or without sale of shares.
RBI for account aggregator NBFC
Reserve Bank will put in place a regulatory framework to allow a new kind of Non-Banking Finance
Company (NBFC), which could act as an account aggregator to enable the common man to see all his
accounts across financial institutions in a common format. The idea of such an NBFC had emanated from
the Financial Stability and Development Council (FSDC).
India, US sign FATCA to curb tax evasion
From September 30, 2015, India and the US will start sharing information about bank accounts or financial
investments made by their citizens in each other's countries. This move will help curb offshore tax
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evasions. Both countries, signed an Inter Governmental Agreement (IGA) to implement the Foreign
Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) to promote transparency on tax matters
Black money : rules for valuation of foreign assets notified
According to the rules notified for implementation of a one-time compliance window under the Black
Money (Undisclosed Foreign Income and Assets) and Imposition of Tax Act, 2015, anyone having
undisclosed foreign assets abroad will now have to pay tax and a penalty on the sum of deposits made
since opening the account.
RBI constitutes committee on financial inclusion
RBI has constituted a committee for working out a medium-term (five-year) measurable action plan for
financial inclusion. The terms of reference will include reviewing the existing policy of financial inclusion,
including supportive payment system & customer protection framework, and considering the
recommendations made by various earlier committees
Securitization market set for take-off
Insurance, Pension and Mutual Funds can play an important role in the Indian securitisation market as they
can invest long term and at the same time have the risk appetite, capacity and expertise for taking
exposures to the lower tranches. However, the Pension Funds are not allowed to invest in securitisation
PTCs and Insurance companies are allowed to invest in high
investment grade AAA securities only.
Monetary policy panel to have three RBI members
The proposed Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) will have three members from RBI instead of two
proposed earlier, under a revised draft of the Indian Financial Code (IFC). Due to the code, the present
system of Reserve Bank of India (RBI) governor solely deciding the monetary policy actions (such as interest
rate) will be replaced by an MPC taking such decisions by majority. As per the revised draft, the MPC would
be headed by RBI chairperson and would include an executive member of its board and one of its
employees nominated by the chairperson, apart from four members appointed by the
government.
RBI expands loan recast forbearance for NBFCs
RBI has expanded the scope of forbearance on restructured loans of projects for Non Banking Finance
Companies (NBFCs) by bringing them on par with banks, Now, lenders can classify restructured loans as
standard, in case a project is stuck for a total 6 years, provided the final two year delay is due to a change
in ownership.
RBI eases cash delivery via LAF
Worried over volatility on intra-day call money days, RBI will offer funds to banks via the fixed rate repo
and reverse repo windows on a real-time basis. RBI aims to keep overnight rates close to the repo rates i.e.
7.25%
New Basel III norms will affect growth
According to Mr. S. S. Mundra, Deputy Governor, RBI, the new international regulatory measures under
the Basel III norms would have an adverse impact on the economic growth and all countries need to brace
up to this fact
Insurers' approved investments can only be in CNX200,
BSE200 companies In its new draft on investments, IRDAI has said that only the equity investments in
CNX200 or BSE200 can be considered as approved investments. Other approved instruments for
investment would also include debentures by first charge on immovable
property.
IRDAI group to explore opportunities in insurance e-commerce
IRDAI is constituting two groups - one in life insurance and one in general insurance - to explore
opportunities in the e-commerce sector. They are inclined to facilitate the promotion of e-commerce in
insurance space to reduce the cost of transacting insurance business along with bringing higher efficiencies
and greater reach.This will suitably leverage the government's Digital India initiative aimed at creating a
digitally empowered society and knowledge economy. The panels have been formed with captains of
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industry as members including Mr. Sandeep Bakshi, CEO, ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Prudential Life
Insurance Company Ltd., and Mr. Tapen Singhel, CEO, Bajaj Allianz General Insurance Company Ltd. They
will identify opportunities of e-commerce in the insurance sector, recommend technological solutions for
e-commerce, suggest regulatory and other facilitation measures for the growth of e-commerce and
synergize with Centre's Digital India initiative.
GDP to grow 8% in FY16; hit $3-trillion mark in five years
According to Dr. Arvind Panagariya, Vice-Chairman, NITI Aayog India's growth rate is expected to
accelerate to 8% in the current financial year and the economy will surpass the $3 trillion mark in less than
five years.
JULY
RBI directive on pay package for non-executive directors
RBI has asked the Board of Directors to formulate a comprehensive compensation policy, including
payment in the form of profit-related commission, for nonexecutive directors (other than the Part-time
Chairman) of private banks.
RBI announces measures on SDR
Under a new Strategic Debt Restructuring (SDR) scheme, banks, as majority owners, can find professionals
to run the company and then divest stake in order to recover their dues. RBI has proposed a slew of
measures, including setting a timeline of 30 days from the review of the restructured loan account for
invoking the SDR.
Banks allowed to invest in long-term bonds of other banks, with rider
RBI has allowed banks to invest in long term-bonds of other banks, subject to conditions whereby not more
than 20% of the primary issue size of a bond issue is allotted to banks. Presently banks are not permitted to
cross-hold long-term bonds issued specifically for the purpose of financing of infrastructure and affordable
housing loans among themselves. Banks' investment in such bonds will not be treated as 'assets with the
banking system in India' for the purpose of calculation of Net Demand and Time Liability (NDTL).
RBI asks big borrowers to hedge against price risks
RBI has advised banks to encourage large agricultural borrowers, such as agricultural commodity
processors, traders, millers, aggregators etc. to hedge their commodity price risks with the use of
derivatives. Banks provide a number of credit facilities to customers engaged in
activities related to agriculture.
RBI eases norms for banks to raise foreign money
With a view to providing greater flexibility in seeking access to overseas funds RBI has permitted
Authorised Dealer Category-I banks to borrow from international / multilateral financial institutions
without approaching Reserve Bank for a case by case approval. These shall include International /
Multilateral Financial Institutions of which Government of India is a shareholding member or which have
been established by more than one government or have shareholding by more than one government and
other international organizations
RBI proposes net stable funding ratio for banks under Basel III
RBI has proposed that banks maintain a minimum 100% net stable funding ratio under Basel-III guidelines
to have access to stable sources of funding on a continued basis. Banks will have to maintain a Net Stable
Funding Ratio (NSFR) from January 2018.
RBI allows airlines, affordable housing project developers to tap overseas funds
RBI has reviewed the scheme of raising ECB for working capital as a permissible end-use, under the
approval route for civil aviation sector. It will continue till March 31, 2016, with the same terms and
conditions. Similarly, the scheme of raising ECBs for low-cost affordable housing
projects will continue for the financial year 2015-16.
FM asks PSBs to chalk out five-year recap plan
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The Finance Ministry has asked PSBs to draw up a five-year capitalization schedule to prepare them to lend
support to its long-term growth plans. This marks a departure from the existing practice of capital
allocation on the basis of annual requirements to ensure banks complied with capital adequacy norms
FM proposes tax rebate on card payments
India is looking to incentivize the use of credit and debit cards by offering tax rebates to merchant
establishments and consumers. High-value transactions may be made mandatory through electronic
means and an additional levy may be imposed on cash payments above a certain level, to curb black
money
New banks : Bandhan gets final RBI nod
Bandhan Financial Services has got the final approval from RBI to become a full fledged bank. The new
Bandhan Bank will be head-quartered in Kolkata and will launch operations in August. Bandhan, the
country's largest micro-finance institution, bagged RBI's inprinciple approval to set up a bank. All of
Bandhan's existing business and existing clients will be transferred to the bank. The core focus will be
retail, rural and MSMEs (micro, small and medium enterprise).
FM pushes for uniform reserve price on bad assets
To ensure that ARCs carry out better due diligence before buying an asset, in August 2014 RBI mandated
that they hold a minimum of 15% (instead of earlier 5%) of the Security Receipts issued by them against
the stressed / bad assets acquired by them. Thus, ARCs pay a bank 15% of the price of the loan that is
agreed upon with the banks and for the remaining amount, they issue security receipts as compensation to
the bank consequent upon sale of these assets.
RBI warns against misuse of collateral in share trading
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has cautioned against the use of collateral by the clearing members for
purposes other than intended for, as the securities are transferred into an omnibus account.
India among top 10 FDI destinations in 2014
According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (Unctad)'s World Investment
Report 2015, India has moved up six places to become one of the top 10 destinations for Foreign Direct
Investment (FDI) in 2014. FDI inflows into India were $34 billion
in 2014, up 22% from $28 billion in 2013. In fact, inflows into the country were 83.5% of South Asia's $41.2
billion, including Iran and the seven other member nations of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
ADB to increase annual lending to India to $4 billion
Over the next few years, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) has decided to increase lending to India, from
an annual average of $3 billion to $4 billion in order to support new initiatives that target higher growth
and reduce poverty, said Mr. Takehiko Nakao, the visiting President of ADB.
JUNE
The Housing Development Finance Corp (HDFC)
the largest mortgage lender in the country, on 8 Jun said its board of directors had approved fund-raising
worth `5,000 cr simultaneously by secured redeemable non-convertible debentures (NCDs) and warrants.
Restructuring bad loans
In a significant move to provide a more flexible process for lenders to recover bad loans, the Reserve Bank
of India (RBI) on 8 Jun allowed banks to acquire 51 per cent or more stake in companies defaulting after
restructuring of their loans
Utility bills
Utility bills can now be submitted as proof of address for opening account with banks or other financial
institutions, the Reserve Bank of India said on 11 Jun.
The govt has decided to infuse capital in public sector banks (PSBs) based on the requirement of individual
lenders. The govt has asked PSBs to make detailed presentations on their capital requirement for the
current financial year. If the govt is convinced that a bank needs funds, then it will infuse capital. The govt
has earmarked `7,940 cr for capital infusion in PSBs in 2015-16
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The Asian Development Bank (ADB)
has decided to increase its lending to India as part of efforts to support the countrys new initiatives that
target higher growth and reduced poverty. From being an average $ 3-bn annual lender, ADB will move
towards annual lending of $ 4 bn to India in next few years. This was announced by the visiting ADB Bank
President Takehiko NAkao
After a gap of more than a decade, a new private sector lender will start operations from Aug 23. The
Kolkatabased micro financier, Bandhan Financial Services, received the final approval from the Reserve
Bank of India on 17 Jun morning. The bank will not give loans to the corporate sector, at least for the time
being, and focus on its strength, that is serving the bottom of the pyramid category. The lender will start
with 600 branches, of which 200 will be in metro and urban areas and the remaining in semi-urban and
rural areas
loan against shares
In probably a first-of-its-kind loan against shares (LAS) offering, HDFC Bank is allowing customers to
design their own loans. The entire loan offering is digitised and is aimed at reducing the time taken for the
loan approval and disbursement from four to eight days (across the industry) to 24 hours.
Rupay ,Indias own card payment system floated by the National Payment Corporation of India (NPCI)
would roll out RuPay Credit cards from next year.
Bank for International Settlements (BIS)
The Bank for International Settlements (BIS), the apex bank for all central banks, has complimented the
Indian banking authorities for their substantial reforms and alignment with the Basel framework. The
Indian Basel III framework for bank risk-based capital requirements came into force in Apr 2013
world banks with RGTIL
The Reliance Gas Transportation Infrastructure Ltd (RGTIL), an unlisted company owned by Indias richest
man, Mukesh Ambani ,has received a generous loan-restructuring package from Indian banks after the
company incurred huge losses in the past few years.
The multilateral lender world bank on 3 june approved $250mn loan for Jhelum and Tawi flood Recovery
Project for reconstruction of flood-affected public infrastructure in jammu&Kashmir.The project will be
funded by credit from World Banks concessionary International Development Association (IDA). The loan
has a maturity of 25 years, including a 5-year grace period.
World Bank hleps tamilnadu for urban development project
The central govt has signed a deal with the World Bank for a $400mn loan for an urban development
project in Tamil Nadu. The size of the project is $600 mn, of which $400 mn would be financed through the
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
Based on the Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) members GDP weight in the world economy,
China will become the banks largest shareholder, followed by India and Russia. China is likely to have a
30.85% share in the bank, followed by India with 10.4 per cent.
Green PIN scheme
The second-largest private sector lender HDFC Bank has decided to discontinue issuing slips after cash
withdrawals at ATMs and will alert the customer through SMSes. The bank will roll out the scheme across
its network of over 11,700 ATMs by the end of Jun. The bank witnesses an average of 2 cr cash withdrawals
every month at its ATMs. The switch to paperless mode will help it save about `10 cr a year spent on paper.
This is a part of the digital initiative for the bank, under which it had last year launched the Green PIN
scheme, wherein card-users were given the PIN numbers electronically rather than in a printed kit.
SBI tie up with snapdeal
The State Bank of India (SBI) is aggressively trying to grab a piece of the business in the digital commerce
space. The countrys largest lender on 20 May signed a memorandum of understanding with Amazon to
develop payment and commerce solutions for customers and small businesses. The SBI also inked two
MoUsone with e-commerce major Snapdeal and the other with digital payments company, PayPal.
The ICICI Bank launched voice recognition service
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which authenticates customers based on their speech patterns and allows them to execute banking
transactions through the banks call centre in a quick, secure and convenient manner. The first-of-it-kind
service by a bank in the country, it is available to over 33 mn customers of its savings account and credit
card.
ANZ Bank
will open two more branches in India by early next year. The two branches would be opened at Gurgaon
and Bangalore. The bank opened its first branch in India at Mumbai four years ago
The wage revision
Following a pact between public sector bank (PSB) employees and officers with the management, all
branches in the country will remained closed on all second and fourth Saturdays from July. IBA has also
signed a wage settlement pact with the United Forum of Bank Unions and a few others, for a 15 per cent
increase in salary and allowances to about a million employees. The wage revision is with effect from Nov
1, 2012, and is valid for five years.
Five of the worlds largest banks
including JPMorgan Chase & Co and Citigroup Inc, were fined roughly $5.7 bn, and four of them pleaded
guilty to US criminal charges over manipulation of foreign exchange rates, authorities said on 20 May. A
fifth bank, UBS AG, will plead guilty to rigging benchmark interest rates, the US Justice Department said.
UnionPay International
Chinese tourists and people working in India may soon be able to use automated teller machines (ATMs)
and point of sale (PoS) terminals in the country to withdraw cash in the Indian currency. The National
Payments Corporation of India(NPCI),an agency backed by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) that processes
retail transactions in India, has signed an agreement with UnionPay International, its counterpart from
China, to allow Chinese customers to use ATMs and PoS terminals in India.
The Reserve bank of India(RBI) on 21 May relaxed rules for Indian companies to raise money in rupees
from overseas lenders. The overseas lenders will have to enter into currency swap transactions with their
overseas banks, who in turn will provide rupees by tapping a bank in India for extending funds in rupees to
the corporate.
liberalised remittances scheme
The govt has issued rules to raise limit on funds individuals can take abroad under liberalised remittances
scheme. The limit has been raised to $2.5 lakh (about `1.6 cr) from the current $1.25 lakh (about `80 lakh).
The RBI had announced this increase in the Feb monetary policy.
Jan Dhan Yojana envisages
Only 8,000 account holders have availed of the overdraft (OD) facility under the Jan Dhan Yojana,
according to govt sources. The Jan Dhan Yojana envisages extending households an overdraft facility of
`5,000 after satisfactory operation of accounts. As the overdraft can be offered only in accounts operated
for over six months, only those that were opened before Oct 31 are currently eligible for the facility
Japan unveiled
Japan unveiled a plan on 21 May to provide $110 bn in aid for Asian infrastructure projects, as China
prepares to launch a new institutional lender that is seen as encroaching on the regional financial clout of
Tokyo and its ally Washington.
point of sales (PoS) terminals
To reduce cash transactions in the economy and boost the usage of cards and point of sales (PoS)
terminals, the Union finance ministry and Reserve Bank of India (RBI) have set up a committee to look at
ways to encourage use of plastic money. The committee has representatives from National Payments
Corporation of India, State Bank of India and ICICI Bank.
worlds first facial-recognition ATM
China has unveiled the worlds first facial-recognition ATM, which will not allow users to withdraw cash
unless their face matches their IDs. The machine was created by Tsinghua University and Hangzhou-based
technology company Tzekwan.
Kotak Mahindra Bank and ING Bank
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have joined hands for exploring opportunities arising from cross-border business, investment and trade
flows across various regions, including Europe. A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to this effect was
signed in the presence of the visiting Netherlands PM Mark Rutte to India on 5 Jun.
benchmark index Sensex
The private sector electricity producer Tata Power moved out of the stock market benchmark index Sensex
and was replaced by pharmaceuticals company Lupin. Adani Power is to be excluded from the S&P BSE 100
and be replaced by Aurobindo Pharma. In addition, Tata Motors. class A shares or DVR shares will also be
included in BSE 100. Asias oldest exchange also removed Canara Bank and Bank of India from the Bankex,
and replaced 26 companies from the BSE 500 index by introducing 27 stocks as part of their index
rebalancing.
The Forward Markets Commission
(FMC) will have to complete all pending investigations before its merger with the securities market
regulator, Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi). This is one of the key conditions put by Sebi,
working to ensure a smooth transition from being a stock market regulator to one for commodities, too.
The commodities regulator is being merged with Sebi following an announcement in the Union budget in
Feb.
MAY
UCBs eye NextGen tag with credit cards
By allowing Urban Co-operative Banks (UCBs) to issue credit cards, RBI has allowed new avenue to
traditional banks to emerge as NextGen banks. Dr. Raghuram Rajan, Governor,RBI said in order to enlarge
the scope and businessof UCBs, the Financially Sound and Well-Managed (FSWM) scheduled UCBs, which
are CBS-enabled and having minimum net worth of `100 crore, will now be allowed to issue credit
cards.Similarly, with a view to providing greater freedom to state co-operative banks to expand their
business and to provide technology-enabled services to their customers, it has been decided to permit
State Co-operative Banks satisfying certain eligibility criteria to set up off-site ATMs / mobile ATMs without
obtaining prior approval from the Reserve Bank of India.
Parliament passes Payments and Settlement Bill
The Parliament has passed a Bill that seeks to address theproblem of insolvency in the payment and
settlement system by increasing transparency and stability and bringing India's banking payment system in
sync withinternational practices. The amendment seeks to protect funds collected from the customers by
the payment system providers. It also seeks to extend the Act to cover trade repository and legal entity
identifier issuer.
RBI liberalises norms for taking position in exchange-traded currency derivatives
Foreign Portfolio Investors can take position - both long (bought) as well as short (sold) - in foreign
currency up to USD 10 million or equivalent per exchange . As a measure of further liberalisation, it has
now been decided to increase the limit (long as well as short) for FPIs in USD-INR pair upto USD 15 million
per exchange. In addition, FPIs shall be allowed to take long (bought) as well as short (sold) positions in
EUR-INR, GBP-INR and JPY-INR pairs, all put together, upto USD 5 million equivalent per exchange. These
limits shall be monitored by the exchanges and breaches, if any, may be reported.
Banks get further flexibility in debt recast if promoter changes
RBI has given banks additional time for classifying a restructured asset as non-performing by extending the
Date of Commencement of Commercial Operations (DCCO) by up to two years for projects whose
ownership changes. The DCCO might get further extension of two years (more) for infrastructure projects
stuck due to court cases. An extension of one year is granted beyond the two year period quoted above,
when the project is delayed due to reasons beyond the control of the promoters (other than court cases).
Provisioning pertaining to fraud accounts
RBI has decided to prescribe auniform provisioning norm in respect of all cases offraud. The entire amount
due to the bank (irrespectiveof the quantum of security held against such assets),or for which the bank is
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liable (including in case ofdeposit accounts), is to be provided for over a period not exceeding four quarters
commencing with the quarter in which the fraud has been detected. However, where there has been
delay, beyond the prescribed period, in reporting the fraud to Reserve Bank, the entire provisioning is
required to be made at once. In addition, Reserve Bankof India may also initiate appropriate supervisory
action where there has been a delay by the bank in reportinga fraud, or provisioning there against.
RBI tightens rules for export credit to repay rupee loans
RBI has tightened the rules for granting long-termexport advances to curb the practice of using
tradefinance to retire old rupee loans. The facility for long-term export advances was primarily being
utilized for refinancing rupee loans of borrowers, instead of using it to execute long-term supply contracts
for export of goods.
RBI raises borrowing limit of NBFC-MFI clients
RBI has allowed Non Banking Financial Company-Microfinance Institutions (NBFC-MFIs) to increase the cap
on the borrowing limit of their clients by `50,000 to `1 lakh. In order to widen the scope, it has been
decided that loan disbursed by an NBFC-MFI to a borrower with a rural household annual income not
exceeding `1,00,000 or urban and semi-urban household income not exceeding `1,60,000 would be eligible
to be defined as a qualifying asset.
Banking units in IFSC must have capital of at least $20 million
RBI has mandated capital of at least $20 million forsetting up banking units in the International Financial
Services Centre (IFSC) near Gandhinagar, Gujarat. Both Indian banks and Foreign banks in India have to
adhereto this requirement. Banks seeking to set up units within special financial zones could only transact
in currencies other than the rupee. All prudential norms applicable to overseas branches of Indian banks
would apply to IFSC Banking Units (IBUs). Specifically, these units would be required to follow the 90 days'
payment delinquency norm for income recognition, asset classification and provisioning as applicable to
Indian banks.
Banks Can Now Offer Differential Rates to Fixed Deposit Holders
Banks are now allowed to offer differential rates of interest on term deposits on the basis of tenor for
deposits less than `1 crore and on the basis of quantum and tenor onterm deposits of `1 crore and above.
Banks will havethe discretion to offer differential interest rates based on whether the term deposits are
with or without-premature-withdrawal-facility, subject to certain conditions. Under new guidelines all term
deposits of individuals (held singly or jointly) of `15 lakh and below should, necessarily, have premature
withdrawal facility, for others, banks can offer deposits without the option of premature withdrawal as
well.
RBI issues guidelines for identification of Wilful Defaulters
RBI said that the evidence of wilful default on the partof the borrowing company and its promoter / wholetime director at the relevant time should be examinedby a Committee headed by an Executive Director
and consisting of two other senior officers of the rank of GM / DGM. If the Committee concludes that an
event of wilful default has occurred, it shall issue a Show Cause Noticeto the concerned borrower and the
promoter / whole-time director and call for their submissions and after considering their submissions issue
an order recordingthe fact of wilful default and the reasons for the same.
At 9.75%, non-food credit grows lowest in a decade on slowdown
Banks' non-food credit grew at the lowest pace in a decade in FY 2014-15 as a slow-down in the economy
crimped fresh loan demand from corporate and a sharp fall inbond yields drove companies to take
recourse to the bond market. As on March 20,2015 non-food credit rose 9.75% to an outstanding 64.70
lakh crore. Loan off-take to manufacturing companies plummeted to 6% in February2015, the lowest since
RBI began decimating it in 2007.
RBI scraps ceiling on buyer's credit for project exports
In order to push project exports, RBI has scrapped thelimit on banks to extend buyer's credit. RBI has
withdrawn the earlier ceiling of $20 million for buyer's credit extended to foreign buyers for export of
goods on deferred payment terms and turn-key projects from India. The step has been taken to further
liberalizing the procedures for export of goods and services.
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Banks turn to BCs to make Jan Dhan accounts operational:
As of February, 2015, about 13.68 crore accounts wereopened by PSBs, RRBs and Private Sector banks
under the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY). However, out of these, about 8.60 crore accounts
have zero balance and the Indian Banks' Association (IBA) is now working on making them operational. IBA
has suggested that Banking Correspondents (BCs)be imparted the necessary training to help operationalize
and make these accounts viable. There are 2.5 lakh BCs providing banking services especially in the
unbanked and under-banked areas ofthe country. The IBA, banks, NABARD and the Indian Institute of
Banking and Finance (IIBF) have drawn up a road-map to familiarise BCs with banking products and
financial services like micro insurance, micro pensions, etc. to make them available to the target group.
Easier KYC for sole owner companies to open Co-opbank A/cs
Relaxing KYC norms, RBI has allowed sole proprietor firms to open accounts in urban, state and central cooperativebanks by submitting a single proof of their business (instead of two documents as were required
earlier), if it is not possible for them to submit two documents. However, the banks would have to
undertake contact point verification, collect such information as would be required to establish the
existence of such firm, confirm, clarify and satisfy themselves that the business activity has been verified
from the address of the proprietary concern.
RBI fixes ceiling on MSS balance:
Reserve Bank of India, in accordance with the provisionsof the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on
the Market Stabilisation Scheme (MSS) with Government of India, the ceiling for the outstanding balance
under the MSS for the fiscal year 2015-16 has been fixed at `50,000 crore. This ceiling will be reviewed
when the outstanding balance reaches the threshold limit of `35,000 crore. The current MSS outstanding
balance is nil.
Need for more options to trade in currencies:
Mr. G. Padmanabhan, Executive Director, RBI hasproposed more options instruments to trade in currencies
and shifting more of other currency debt into rupee debt. He opines There is a need to appropriately
incentivize the move away from foreign currency debts to rupee debts even as the position of overall
indebtedness is prudentially managed. We propose to pursue this matter further in a calibrated manner.
Differentiated banking is key to financial inclusion
Mr. R. Gandhi, Deputy Governor, RBI while delivering th the 10 Sri Narayanan Memorial Lecture at Sastra
University Campus in Tamil Nadu said that there are diverse opportunities in the banking and financial
landscape reflecting significant macro-economic growth potential in India and differentiated licensing
could enable unlocking potential of these opportunities as it encourages niche banking by facilitating
specialisation thereby reducing potential non-optimal use of resources.
Motor third party premiums for FY 2015-16
From 1st April 2015, the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) has hiked the
vehicle insurance premiums depending on the typeof vehicle owned. However, Insurers are not permitted
to cancel the current insurance policies and issue fresh policies to effect new premium rates. The schedule
of premium rates shall be prominently displayed on the Notice Board of every underwriting office of the
insurers where it can be viewed by the public.
Insurance FDI cap increased to 49%:
The extant FDI policy for the insurance sector has been reviewed and further liberalized. On 1 April 2015,
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has notified thegovernment's decision to raise Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
limit in the insurance sector to 49%, subjectto revised conditions. Also, a new activity viz. Other Insurance
Intermediaries appointed under the provisions of Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority Act,
1999 (41 of 1999) has been included within the definition of 'Insurance'.
APRIL
Launch of Mudra Bank
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Shri. Narendra Modi, honourable Prime Minister ofIndia launched MUDRA (Micro Units Development and
Refinance Agency) Bank on April 8, 2015. Arun Jaitely, Finance Minister, in his Budget Speech for 2015-16,
had announced formation of MUDRA Bank, which aims to help 5.77 crore small business units in getting
institutional credit at cheaper rates. Initially, the bank will be carved out of SIDBI as a separate subsidiary
and will be registered as an NBFC.
All 56 Regional Rural Banks on RuPay Card & NACH system
National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), has enabled all 56 Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) in
thecountry under its central payment systems network with RuPay cards and access to NACH (National
Automated Clearing House) service. With this engagement, 120 million customers at 19,000 bank branches
of all 56 Regional Rural Banks are now part of the nationalnetwork of electronic payment systems.
Social security rollout to happen with banks, insurers
The Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY),providing accidental death risk cover), Atal Pension
Yojana, for a defined pension and Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY) for Life Insurance
Cover - will be implemented on a mission mode like the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana, with the full
backing of banks and insurance companies, said Dr. Hasmukh Adhia, Secretary, Department of Financial
Services, Ministry of Finance. The new schemes will be implemented initially through the existing bank
account holders. Their premium / pension amounts can be either deposited in their accounts or
automatically debited, provided the accounts have the required amount in them.
RBI changes public deposit rules for NBFCs
Reserve Bank of India made revisions to the norms forNon-Banking Finance Companies (NBFCs). In case of
an unrated asset finance company, it shall obtain the minimum investment grade or other specified credit
rating on or before March 31, 2016. Those AFCs that do not get a minimum investment grade rating by
March 31, 2016, shall not renew existing deposits or accept fresh deposits thereafter. In the intervening
period, i.e. till March 31, 2016, unrated Asset Finance Companies or those with a sub-investment grade
rating shall only renew the existing deposits on maturity, and shall not accept fresh deposits, till they
obtain an investment grade rating.
RBI eases rules for contact-less cards
RBI in its draft guidelines has proposed easing the authentication process for buying products up to `2,000
using contact-less cards based on Communication (NFC)users to make payment by just waiving or touching
the card on a terminal kept at the merchant. Unlikecredit and debit cards there is no need for a
swipe.Banks can relax the Additional Factor of Authentication (AFA) requirement for transactions for a
maximum value of `2,000 per transaction in the case of contactless chip cards that adhere to the EuropayMasterCard-Visa standards. However, banks are free to set lowerper-transaction limits. For transactions
above `2,000, Personal Identification Number will be mandatory.
Modification in guidelines on sale of Financial Assets to Reconstruction companies
Earlier RBI had permitted banks to reverse the excess provisions made on NPA sold on or after February26,
2014 to Securitisation Company / Reconstruction Company, if the sale value is for a value higher than the
Net Book Value (NBV), to their profit and loss account in the year the amounts are received. Banks can now
reverse the excess provision (when the sale is for a value higher than the NBV) on sale of NPAs (sold prior
to February 26, 2014 to SCs / RCs) to their profit and loss account. Reversal can be made only when the
cash received (by way of initial consideration and/or redemption of security receipts / pass through
certificates) is higher than the NBV of the NPAs sold to SCs / RCs.
RBI relaxes KYC norms for proprietary firms
RBI has relaxed the Know-You-Customer (KYC) norms for proprietary firms, for cases where banks are
satisfied that it is not possible to furnish two documents viz., registration certificate and utility bills as
activity proof. At such times, banks have the discretion to accept only one of those documents. However,
banks would have to undertake contact point verification; collect the requisite information to establish the
existence of such a firm; and confirm, clarify and satisfy itself that the business activity had been verified
from the address of the proprietary concern.
PSL loans for disabled people to be classified under weaker sections
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RBI has decided to classify Priority Sector Lending(PSL) loans to Persons with Disabilities (PwD), under the
Weaker Sections category. This guideline is applicable to all Scheduled Commercial Banks (except Regional
Rural th Banks) effective from 13 March, 2015.
Effective information management practices in Banks
Reserve Bank of India's committee on data standardisationhas called for effective information
management practices and robust management information systems in banks.In the past, RBI had
emphasised the importance of both quality and timeliness of data to enable transforming the data into
information which is useful for effective decision making purposes. To achieve this, uniform data standards
are of vital importance, it says. The Committee examined various dimensions of data standardisation
keeping in view the terms of reference and related aspects and provideddetailed recommendations in its
Report.
RBI for tighter bank exposure norms
As per the Basel Committee on Banking SupervisionStandards, the sum of all the exposure values of a bank
to a single counterparty or to a group of connected counterparties must, at all times, not be higher than
25% of the bank's available eligible capital base, i.e.,the effective amount of Tier 1 capital fulfilling
thecriteria defined in the Basel III Capital framework. At present, the exposure ceiling limits are fixed at
15% of capital funds in case of a single borrower and 40%of capital funds in the case of a borrower group.
Credit exposure to a single borrower is allowed to exceedthe exposure norm of 15% of the bank's capital
funds by an additional 5% (i.e. up to 20%) provided theadditional credit exposure is on account of
extension of credit to infrastructure project. Further an additional 5% leeway is given to the banks' board.
Banks set to reap treasury gains with falling bond yields
Banks are likely to protect their profit margins in the January-March quarter as they reap treasury gains
with falling bond yields following RBI's surprise rate cut. RBI reduced the key policy or benchmark
repurchase rate, at which banks borrow from RBI, by a quarter percentage point to 7.5%.Indian bonds
firmed up sharply. The 10-year benchmark bond yield dropped 15 bps to 7.61% - its lowest level since July
2013. Later, some profit-booking pared price gains and it closed at 8.69%.
Levelling field for NBFCs and banks
RBI has set out a road-map for NBFCs to classify their assets as non-performing if the borrower has not
paid for a consecutive period of 90 days. The proposal to give large NBFCs recourse to SARFAESI Act to
recover bad loans is a step towards creating a level playing field between large NBFCs and banks. While
banks follow the 90 days asset classification norm, different NBFCs follow anywhere between 90-days and
180-days for classifying a loan as bad loans.
Priority Sector Target
An internal panel of RBI has advised that the 40% target for Priority Sector Lending (PSL) be retained for all
banks, including foreign banks. The recommendations say foreign banks with 20 and more branches may
be given time till March 2018. They should present revised action plans to the regulator.Those with less
than 20 branches may be given time up to March 2020. There is continued need for making credit available
to various priority sectors on the grounds of growth and equity. So, the target for lending to the redefined
priority sector may be retained at 40% of Adjusted Net Bank Credit (ANBC) or credit equivalent of offbalance sheet exposure, whichever is higher, forall scheduled commercial banks uniformly.
Credit growth trails mop-up of deposits
As per RBI's latest data, bank credit growth continued to trail deposit mop-up and remained muted with a
mere 10.39% rise at `64,533.9 billion in the fortnight to February 20,2015. Bank deposits continued to
outpace credit demand rising 11.85% to `84,748.2 billion in the reporting fortnight. In the previous
fortnight, banks' credit had grown at 10.38%, while deposits increased by 11.77%. Banks' demand deposits
rose by 11.81% to `7,690.8 billion in the period.Time deposits rose by 11.85% to `77,057.5 billion.
Banker- Borrower relationship
Mr. S. S. Mundra, Deputy Governor, RBI said Banks should observe timeliness in sanctioning and
disbursing the loans to the borrower and should provide handholding support especially in times of stress.
The bankers should be able to appreciate the business prospects of the borrower and be able and willing
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to logically reason with the borrower about the projections and assumptions. Loan pricing needs to be riskbased, fair and transparent. The borrowers must focus on their core business rather than diversifying in
other areas. Excessive leverage run up by the Indian corporate is a matter of great concern.
Credit discipline will help reduce bad loans in education sector
As on March 31, 2014, the education segmentsaw bad loans of over 7.54% (for loans below `4lakh). Clearly,
borrowers are still oblivious of the consequences of non-repayment on their credit track record. In terms
of developing a credit culture amongst the future generation, the most important financial product is the
education loan. Mr. R. Gandhi, Deputy Governor, RBI at the seventh annual CIBIL Transunion Credit
Information Conference elaborated that it isvital for consumers to understand the importanceof
maintaining financial discipline and paying the Equated Monthly Instalments (EMIs) of their loansand credit
card dues regularly.
IRDAI issues norms for insurance marketing firms
Enterprising insurance agents and entrepreneurs can soon start their own insurance distribution
company.The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authorityof India (IRDAI) has released its final
guidelines on insurance marketing firms, which will be a new distribution category for insurance products.
With a minimum capital requirement of `10 lakh, an insurance marketing firm registered under these
regulations shall be permitted to solicit and procure insurance products of two life, two general and two
health insurance companies only. At the time of initial grant of registration (which will be valid for three
years), the insurance marketing firm will be permitted to set up offices only in one district of its choice.
They can apply for more areas at the time of renewal.
Forex reserves climb to all-time high
Reserve Bank of India's foreign exchange reserves reachedan all-time high of $339.99 billion for the week
ending March 20, 2015. The rise in reserves was $4.26 billion. This is the seventh time this year that
reserves touched an all-time high. Foreign currency assets, a key component, rose $4.54 billion to $314.89
billion. The reserves have been rising because RBI has been mopping dollar flows through state-run banks.
During the week, gold reserves remained unchanged at $19.84 billion.
New version of foreign exchange dealing platforms from April 6, 2015
The new version of foreign exchange dealing systems - FX-Clear and FX-Swap platforms with the Clearing
Corporation of India (CCIL) as counter-party from the point of trade, concluded in the order matching
mode, will go live from April 6, 2015. This will be in tandem with the payment versus payment in the
dollar/rupee settlement segment. This will allow members to trade on the platforms without any bilateral
limits with various counter-parties.
Cap on import credits, ECBs up
RBI has decided to extend the all-in-cost ceiling of trade credits for imports into India and External
Commercial Borrowings (ECBs) till March 31, 2015. For trade credit, the all-in-cost ceiling over six month
London Interbank Offers Rate (LIBOR) is 350 bps across various maturityperiods. The all-in-cost for ECBs
under average maturity of three years and up to five years is 350 bps over six-month Libor and for more
than five years it is 500 bps over six-month LIBOR.
3.Key financial terms

APR: It stands for Annual Percentage Rate. APR is a percentage that is calculated on the basis of the
amount financed, the finance charges, and the term of the loan.
ABS: Asset-Backed Securities. It means a type of security that is backed by a pool of bank loans, leases, and
other assets.
EPS: Earnings Per Share means the amount of annual earnings available to common stockholders as stated
on a per share basis.
CHAPS: Clearing House Automated Payment System. Its a type of electronic bank-to-bank payment system
that guarantees same-day payment.
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IPO: Initial Public Offerings is defined as the event where the company sells its shares to the public for the
first time. (or the first sale of stock by a private company to the public.)
FPO: Follow on Public Offerings: An issuing of shares to investors by a public company that is already listed
on an exchange. An FPO is essentially a stock issue of supplementary shares made by a company that is
already publicly listed and has gone through the IPO process.
Difference: IPO is for the companies which have not been listed on an exchange and FPO is for the
companies which have already been listed on an exchange but want to raise funds by issuing some more
equity shares.
RTGS: Real Time Gross Settlement systems is a funds transfer system where transfer of money or securities
takes place from one bank to another on a real time. (Real time means within a fraction of seconds.)
The minimum amount to be transferred through RTGS is Rs 2 lakh. Processing charges/Service charges for
RTGS transactions vary from bank to bank.
NEFT: National Electronic Fund Transfer. This is a method used for transferring funds across banks in a
secure manner. It usually takes 1-2 working days for the transfer to happen. NEFT is an electronic fund
transfer system that operates on a Deferred Net Settlement (DNS) basis which settles transactions in
batches. (Note: RTGS is much faster than NEFT.)
CAR: Capital Adequacy Ratio. Its a measure of a banks capital. Also known as Capital to Risk Weighted
Assets Ratio (CRAR), this ratio is used to protect depositors and promote the stability and efficiency of
financial systems around the world. It is decided by the RBI.
NPA: Non-Performing Asset. It means once the borrower has failed to make interest or principal payments
for 90 days, the loan is considered to be a non-performing asset. Presently it is 2.39%.
IMPS: Inter-bank Mobile Payment Service. It is an instant interbank electronic fund transfer service
through mobile phones. Both the customers must have MMID (Mobile Money Identifier Number). For this
service, we dont need any GPS-enabled cell phones.
BCBS: Basel Committee on Banking Supervision is an institution created by the Central Bank governors of
the Group of Ten nations.
RSI: Relative Strength Index.
IFSC code: Indian Financial System Code. The code consists of 11 characters for identifying the bank and
branch where the account in actually held. The IFSC code is used both by the RTGS and NEFT transfer
systems.
MSME and SME: Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME), and SME stands for Small and Medium
Enterprises. This is an initiative of the government to drive and encourage small manufacturers to enjoy
facilities from banks at concessional rates.
LIBOR: London InterBank Offered Rate. An interest rate at which banks can borrow funds, in marketable
size, from other banks in the London interbank market.
LIBID: London Interbank Bid Rate. The average interest rate at which major London banks borrow
Eurocurrency deposits from other banks.
ECGC: Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of India. This organisation provides risk as well as insurance
cover to the Indian exporters.
SWIFT: Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication. It operates a worldwide financial
messaging network which exchanges messages between banks and other financial institutions.
STRIPS: Separate Trading for Registered Interest & Principal Securities.
CIBIL: Credit Information Bureau of India Limited. CIBIL is Indias first credit information bureau. Whenever
a person applies for new loans or credit card(s) to a financial institution, they generate the CIBIL report of
the said person or concern to judge the credit worthiness of the person and also to verify their existing
track record. CIBIL actually maintains the borrowers history.
CRISIL: Credit Rating Information Services of India Limited. Crisil is a global analytical company providing
ratings, research, and risk and policy advisory services.
AMFI: Association of Mutual Funds of India. AMFI is an apex body of all Asset Management Companies
(AMCs) which have been registered with SEBI. (Note: AMFI is not a mutual funds regulator)
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FCCB: Foreign Currency Convertible Bond. A type of convertible bond issued in a currency different from
the issuers domestic currency.
CAC: Capital Account Convertibility. It is the freedom to convert local financial assets into foreign financial
assets and vice versa. This means that capital account convertibility allows anyone to freely move from
local currency into foreign currency and back, or in other words, transfer of money from current account to
capital account.
BANCASSURANCE: Is the term used to describe the partnership or relationship between a bank and an
insurance company whereby the insurance company uses the bank sales channel in order to sell insurance
products.
Balloon payment: Is a specific type of mortgage payment, and is named balloon payment because of the
structure of the payment schedule. For balloon payments, the first several years of payments are smaller
and are used to reduce the total debt remaining in the loan. Once the small payment term has passed
(which can vary, but is commonly 5 years), the remainder of the debt is due - this final payment is the one
known as the balloon payment, because it is larger than all of the previous payments.
CPSS: Committee on Payment and Settlement Systems
FCNR Accounts: Foreign Currency Non-Resident accounts are the ones that are maintained by NRIs in
foreign currencies like USD, DM, and GBP.
M3 in banking: Its a measure of money supply. It is the total amount of money available in an economy at
a particular point in time.
OMO: Open Market Operations. The buying and selling of government securities in the open market in
order to expand or contract the amount of money in the banking system. Open market operations are the
principal tools of monetary policy. RBI uses this tool in order to regulate the liquidity in economy.
Umbrella Fund: A type of collective investment scheme. A collective fund containing several sub-funds,
each of which invests in a different market or country.
ECS: Electronic Clearing Facility is a type of direct debit.
Tobin tax: Suggested by Nobel Laureate economist James Tobin, was originally defined as a tax on all spot
conversions of one currency into another.
Z score is a term widely used in the banking field.
POS: Point Of Sale, also known as Point Of Purchase, a place where sales are made and also sales and
payment information are collected electronically, including the amount of the sale, the date and place of
the transaction, and the consumers account number.
LGD: Loss Given Default. Institutions such as banks will determine their credit losses through an analysis of
the actual loan defaults.
Junk Bonds: Junk bonds are issued generally by smaller or relatively less well-known firms to finance their
operations, or by large and well-known firms to fund leveraged buyouts. These bonds are frequently
unsecured or partially secured, and they pay higher interest rates: 3 to 4 percentage points higher than the
interest rate on blue chip corporate bonds of comparable maturity period.
ARM: Adjustable Rate Mortgage is basically a type of loan where the rate of index is calculated on the basis
of the previously selected index rate.
ABO: Accumulated Benefit Obligation, ABO is a measure of liability of pension plan of an organisation and
is calculated when the pension plan is terminated.
Absorption: A term related to real estate, it is a process of renting a real estate property which is newly
built or recently approved.
AAA: A type of grade that is used to rate a particular bond. It is the highest rated bond that gives maximum
returns at the time of maturity.
DSCR: Debt Service Coverage Ratio, DSCR is a financial ratio that measures the companys ability to pay
their debts.
FSDC: Financial Stability and Development Council, Indias apex body of the financial sector.
ITPO: India Trade Promotion Organisation is the nodal agency of the Government of India for promoting
the countrys external trade.
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FLCC: Financial Literacy and Counseling Centres.
ANBC: Adjusted Net Bank Credit is Net Bank Credit added to investments made by banks in non-SLR bonds.
Priority sector lending: Some areas or fields in a country depending on its economic condition or
government interest are prioritised and are called priority sectors i.e. industry, agriculture.
M0, M1, M2 AND M3: These terms are nothing but money supply in banking field.
BIFR: Bureau of Industrial and Financial Reconstruction.
FRBM Act 2003: Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management act was enacted by the Parliament of India
to institutionalise financial discipline, reduce Indias fiscal deficit, improve macroeconomic management
and the overall management of the public funds by moving towards a balanced budget.
The main objectives of FRBM Act are:1. To reduce fiscal deficit.
2. To adopt prudent debt management.
3. To generate revenue surplus.
Gold Standard: A monetary system in which a countrys government allows its currency unit to be freely
converted into fixed amounts of gold and vice versa.
Fiat Money: Fiat money is a legal tender for settling debts. It is a paper money that is not convertible and is
declared by government to be legal tender for the settlement of all debts.
BCSBI: The Banking Codes and Standards Board of India is a society registered under the Societies
Registration Act, 1860 and functions as an autonomous body, to monitor and assess the compliance with
codes and minimum standards of service to individual customers to which the banks agree to.
OLTAS: On-Line Tax Accounting System.
EASIEST: Electronic Accounting System in Excise and Service Tax.
SOFA: Status of Forces Agreement, SOFA is an agreement between a host country and a foreign nation
stationing forces in that country.
CALL MONEY: Money loaned by a bank that must be repaid on demand. Unlike a term loan, which has a
set maturity and payment schedule, call money does not have to follow a fixed schedule. Brokerages use
call money as a short-term source of funding to cover margin accounts or the purchase of securities. The
funds can be obtained quickly.
Scheduled bank: Scheduled Banks in India constitute those banks which have been included in the Second
Schedule of RBI Act, 1934 as well as their market capitalisation is more than Rs 5 lakh. RBI in turn includes
only those banks in this schedule which satisfy the criteria laid down vide section 42 (6) (a) of the Act.
FEDAI: Foreign Exchange Dealers Association of India. An association of banks specialising in the foreign
exchange activities in India.
PPF: Public Provident Fund. The Public Provident Fund Scheme is a statutory scheme of the Central
Government of India. The scheme is for 15 years. The minimum deposit is Rs 500 and maximum is Rs
70,000 in a financial year.
SEPA: Single Euro Payment Area.
GAAP: Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. The common set of accounting principles, standards and
procedures that companies use to compile their financial statements.
Indian Depository Receipt: Foreign companies issue their shares and in return they get the depository
receipt from the National Security Depository in return of investing in India.
Hot Money: Money that is moved by its owner quickly from one form of investment to another, as to take
advantage of changing international exchange rates or gain high short-term returns on investments.
NMCEX: National Multi-Commodity Exchange.
PE RATIO: Price to Earnings Ratio, a measure of how much investors are willing to pay for each dollar of a
companys reported profits.
CASA: Current Account, Savings Account.
CAMELS: CAMELS is a type of Bank Rating System. (C) stands for Capital Adequacy, (A) for Asset Quality,
(M) for Management ,(E) for Earnings, (L) for Liquidity and (S) for Sensitivity to Market Risk.
OSMOS: Off-site Monitoring and Surveillance System.
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Free market: A market economy based on supply and demand with little or no government control.
Retail banking: It is mass-market banking in which individual customers use local branches of larger
commercial banks.
Eurobond: A bond issued in a currency other than the currency of the country or market in which it is
issued.
PPP: Purchasing Power Parity is an economic technique used when attempting to determine the relative
values of two currencies.
FEMA Act: Foreign Exchange Management Act, it is useful in controlling HAWALA.
Hawala transaction: Its a process in which large amount of black money is converted into white.
Teaser Loans: It is a type of home loans in which the interest rate is initially low and then grows higher.
Teaser loans are also called terraced loans.
ECB: External Commercial Borrowings, taking a loan from another country. Limit of ECB is $500 million, and
this is the maximum limit a company can get.
CBS: Core Banking Solution. All the banks are connected through internet, meaning we can have
transactions from any bank and anywhere. (e.g. deposit cash in PNB, Delhi branch and withdraw cash from
PNB, Gujarat)
CRAR: For RRBs it is more than 9% (funds allotted 500 cr) and for commercial banks it is greater than 8%
(6000 cr relief package).
NBFCs: NBFC is a company which is registered under Companies Act, 1956 and whose main function is to
provide loans. NBFC cannot accept deposit or issue demand draft like other commercial banks. NBFCs
registered with RBI have been classified as AssetFinance Company (AFC), Investment Company (IC) and
Loan Company (LC).
IIFCL: India Infrastructure Finance Company Limited. It gives guarantee to infra bonds.
IFPRI: International Food Policy Research Institute. It identifies and analyses policies for meeting the food
needs of the developing world.
Currency swap: It is a foreign-exchange agreement between two parties to exchange aspects (namely the
principal and/or interest payments) of a loan in one currency for equivalent aspects of an equal in net
present value loan in another currency. Currency swap is an instrument to manage cash flows in different
currency.
WPI: Wholesale Price Index is an index of the prices paid by retail stores for the products they ultimately
resell to consumers. New series is 2004 2005. (The new series has been prepared by shifting the base year
from 1993-94 to 2004-05). Inflation in India is measured on WPI index.
MAT: Minimum Alternate Tax is the minimum tax to be paid by a company even though the company is
not making any profit.
Future trading: Its a future contract/agreement between the buyers and sellers to buy and sell the
underlying assets in the future at a predetermined price.
Reverse mortgage: Its a scheme for senior citizens.
Basel 2nd norms: BCBS has kept some restrictions on bank for the maintenance of minimum capital with
them to ensure level playing field. Basel II has got three pillars:
Pillar 1- Minimum capital requirement based on the risk profile of bank.
Pillar 2- Supervisory review of banks by RBI if they go for internal ranking.
Pillar 3- Market discipline.
Microfinance institutions: Those institutions that provide financial services to low-income clients.
Microfinance is a broad category of services, which includes microcredit. Microcredit is provision of credit
services to poor clients.
NPCI: National Payments Corporation of India.
DWBIS: Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence System, a type of system which is launched by SEBI.
The primary objective of DWBIS is to enhance the capability of the investigation and surveillance functions
of SEBI.
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TRIPS: Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights is an international agreement administered by the World
Trade Organisation (WTO) that sets down minimum standards for many forms of intellectual property (IP)
regulation as applied to nationals of other WTO Members.
TRIMs: Trade Related Investment Measures. A type of agreement in WTO.
SDR: Special Drawing Rights, SDR is a type of monetary reserve currency, created by the International
Monetary Fund. SDR can be defined as a basket of national currencies. These national currencies are
Euro, US dollar, British pound and Japanese yen. Special Drawing Rights can be used to settle trade
balances between countries and to repay the IMF. American dollar gets highest weightage.
LTD: Loan-To-Deposit Ratio. A ratio used for assessing a banks liquidity by dividing the banks total loans
by its total deposits. If the ratio is too high, it means that banks might not have enough liquidity to cover
any fund requirements, and if the ratio is too low, banks may not be earning as much as they could be.
CAD: Current Account Deficit. It means when a countrys total imports of goods, services and transfers is
greater than the countrys total export of goods, services and transfers.
LERMS: Liberalized Exchange Rate Management System.
FRP: Fair and Remunerative Price, a term related to sugarcane. FRP is the minimum price that a sugarcane
farmer is legally guaranteed. However sugar Mills Company gives more than FRP price.
STCI: Securities Trading Corporation of India Limited was promoted by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in
1994 along with Public Sector Banks and All India Financial Institutions with the objective of developing an
active, deep and vibrant secondary debt market.
IRR: Internal Rate of Return. It is a rate of return used in capital budgeting to measure and compare the
profitability of investments.
CMIE: Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy. It is Indias premier economic research organisation. It
provides information solutions in the form of databases and research reports. CMIE has built the largest
database on the Indian economy and companies.
TIEA: Tax Information Exchange Agreement. TIEA allows countries to check tax evasion and money
laundering. Recently India has signed TIEA with Cayman Islands.
Contingency Fund: Its a fund for emergencies or unexpected outflows, mainly economic crises. A type of
reserve fund which is used to handle unexpected debts that are outside the range of the usual operating
budget.
FII: Foreign Institutional Investment. The term is used most commonly in India to refer to outside
companies investing in the financial markets of India. International institutional investors must register
with the Securities and Exchange Board of India to participate in the market.
P-NOTES: P means participatory notes.
MSF: Marginal Standing Facility. Under this scheme, banks will be able to borrow upto 1% of their
respective net demand and time liabilities. The rate of interest on the amount accessed from this facility
will be 100 basis points (i.e. 1%) above the repo rate. This scheme is likely to reduce volatility in the
overnight rates and improve monetary transmission.
FIU: Financial Intelligence Unit set by the Government of India on 18 November 2004 as the central
national agency responsible for receiving, processing, analysing and disseminating information relating to
suspect financial transactions.
ASBA: Application Supported by Blocked Amount. It is a process developed by the SEBI for applying to IPO.
In ASBA, an IPO applicants account doesnt get debited until shares are allotted to him.
DEPB Scheme: Duty Entitlement Pass Book. It is a scheme which is offered by the Indian government to
encourage exports from the country. DEPB means Duty Entitlement Pass Book to neutralise the incidence
of basic and special customs duty on import content of export product.
LLP: Limited Liability Partnership, is a partnership in which some or all partners (depending on the
jurisdiction) have limited liability.
Balance sheet: A financial statement that summarises a companys assets, liabilities and shareholders
equity at a specific point in time.
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TAN: Tax Account Number, is a unique 10-digit alphanumeric code allotted by the Income Tax Department
to all those persons who are required to deduct tax at the source of income.
PAN: Permanent Account Number, as per section 139A of the Act obtaining PAN is a must for the following
persons:1. Any person whose total income or the total income of any other person in respect of which he is
assessable under the Act exceeds the maximum amount which is not chargeable to tax.
2. Any person who is carrying on any business or profession whose total sales, turnover or gross receipts
are or are likely to exceed Rs. 5 lakh in any previous year.
3. Any person who is required to furnish a return of income under section 139(4) of the Act.
JLG: Joint Liability Group, when two or more persons are both responsible for a debt, claim or judgment.
REER: Real Effective Exchange Rate.
NEER: Nominal Effective Exchange Rate.
Contingent Liability: A liability that a company may have to pay, but only if a certain future event occurs.
IRR: Internal Rate of Return, is a rate of return used in capital budgeting to measure and compare the
profitability of investments.
MICR: Magnetic Ink Character Recognition. A 9-digit code which actually shows whether the cheque is real
or fake.
UTR Number: Unique Transaction Reference number. A unique number which is generated for every
transaction in RTGS system. UTR is a 16-digit alphanumeric code. The first 4 digits are a bank code in
alphabets, the 5th one is the message code, the 6th and 7th mention the year, the 8th to 10th mentions
the date and the last 6 digits mention the days serial number of the message.
RRBs: Regional Rural Banks. As its name signifies, RRBs are specially meant for rural areas, capital share
being 50% by the central government, 15% by the state government and 35% by the scheduled bank.
MFI: Micro Finance Institutions. Micro Finance means providing credit/loan (micro credit) to the weaker
sections of the society. A microfinance institution (MFI) is an organisation that provides financial services
to the poor.
PRIME LENDING RATE: PLR is the rate at which commercial banks give loans to its prime customers (most
creditworthy customers).
BASE RATE: A minimum rate that a bank is allowed to charge from the customer. Base rate differs from
bank to bank. It is actually a minimum rate below which the bank cannot give loan to any customer. Earlier
base rate was known as BPLR (Base Prime Lending Rate).
EMI: Equated Monthly Installment. It is nothing but a repayment of the loan taken. A loan could be a home
loan, car loan or personal loan. The monthly payment is in the form of post dated cheques drawn in favour
of the lender. EMI is directly proportional to the loan taken and inversely proportional to time period. That
is, if the loan amount increases the EMI amount also increases and if the time period increases the EMI
amount decreases.
Basis points (bps): A basis point is a unit equal to 1/100th of a percentage point. i.e. 1 bps = 0.01%. Basis
points are often used to measure changes in or differences between yields on fixed income securities,
since these often change by very small amounts.
Liquidity: It refers to how quickly and cheaply an asset can be converted into cash. Money (in the form of
cash) is the most liquid asset.
Certificate of Deposit (CD) is a negotiable money market instrument and issued in dematerialised form for
funds deposited at a bank or other eligible financial institution for a specified time period.
Commercial Paper (CP) is an unsecured money market instrument issued in the form of a promissory note.
It was introduced in India in 1990. Corporates and the All-India Financial Institutions are eligible to issue
CP.
4.Finanacial abbrevations
NERPAP - National Electrol Roll Purification and Authentication Programme

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NASSCOM - National Association Of Software and Services Companies

GIIC - guizhou maritime silkroad international investment coropration
SLACC - sustainable livelihoods and adpation to climate change
CPGRAMS - centralised public grievance and monitoring system
IGMDP - integrated Guided MIssile Development Programme
ACTPN - advisory committee for trade policy and negotations
FIBA - federation of international basket ball association
DCCO - data of commencement of commercial operations
GCTOC - Gujarat Control Of Terrorism and organised crime
FFFAI - federation of freight forward association of india
IREDA - Indian renewebale energy development agency
MUDRA - multi units development and refinance agency
MANS - maharastra andhash raddha nirmoolan samiti
CARE - crew model atomspheric re-entry experiment
BIFR - Bureau for industrial and fiancail reconstrction
FRBM - fiscal responsibility and budget management
INDCs - Intended Nationally Determined Contribution
IRNSS - Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System
INSTC - interantional north south transport corridor
LARR - land aqusition rehabilation and resettlement
CCTNS - Crime and criminal tracking network system
TRANSLOC - Transport logistic corporation of india
NJAC - national judicial appointment commission
DIPP - department of industrial policy & promotion
NOFNP - National optic fiber network programme
IAMAI - Internet and mobile assocaition of india
IMEI - international mobile equipment identity
FIEO -federation of indian exports Organisation
GIFT - Gujarat international Finance tech-city
DAVP - direactorate of audio visual publicity
WGEEP - Western Ghats ecology expert panel
MEIS - Merchandise exports from india scheme
NPCI - National payment commission of india
SETU - self employment and talent utilisation
IPCC - interantional panel for climate changes
TReDS - Trade Receviables Discouting System
CCEA - cabinet committee on economic affairs
TADA - Terrorist and distruptive activities act
UPSI - Unpublished price senstive information
NIIF - national investment infrastruture fund
NTCA - National tiger conservation authority
MIAL - Mumbai international airport limited
PHWRs - Pressurised heavy water reactors
TRAI - telecom regulatory authority of india
RRAI - railway regulatory authority of india
FIPB - foreign investment promotion board
PSLCs - Priority sector lending certificates
CPCB - Central pollution Promotion Board
IFSC - international finance Service Centre
NALSA - National Legal Services Authority
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DIAL - delhi international airport limited

AFSPA - Armed forces special powers act
ISSF - international shooting sport federation
NMDA - national disaster mangement act
NDLM - National digital literacy mission
AIIB - Asia infrastructure investment Bank
SEIS - Services exports from india scheme
JAM - jandhan yojana aadhaar mobile number
PDMA - public debt mangement act
ICBM - intercontiental ballistc missile
FTAAP - Free trade area for asia-pacific
CAGR - compound annual growth rate
NFTP - New Foreign trade policy
GAAR - General anti avoidance rule
EcoSoc - Economic Social Council
EPIC - electro photo idntity card
NDRF - national disaster response fund
SDRF- state disaster response fund
POTA - prevention of terrorism Act
NSFR - Net stable funding ration
ULFA - united libertion front of ASOM
OROP - One Rank One Pension
DBTL - direct benefit transfer of LPG
SaaS - software as a service
STPs - sewage treatement plants
LCA - light combat aircraft
FIU - Financial intelligence units
IEDs - improvised Expolsive Devices
SWFs - Sovereign Wealth Funds
SPV - special puepose vehicles
QIP - Qualified instutional placement
PIT - Prohibition of insider trading
PMG - project monitoring group
AOP- Air operator Permit
AFI - atheletics federation of india
SAI - sports authority of india
PCI - paraolympic committee of india
RNI - Registate of newspapers of india
ECB - Exteranl commercial borrowings
CCI - competative commission of india
DAC- Defence aqusition council
TFA - Trade Facilitation Agreement
FMC - Forward Market Commission
MPC - monetary policy committee
VSAT - very small aperture terminal
SAT- Securities Appellate Tribunal
CSS - central sponser schemes
AIM - Atal innovation mission
NGT- national green tribunal
NFC - near field communication
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OMCs - Oil marketing companies

PSKs - Pass port seva kendras
CRZ - Coastal regulatory zone
DBT - Direct benefit transfer
SAC - Space Application Centre
UCC- union carbide corporation
LEA - loss of ecology authority
MSP - Minimum support price
FRP - Fair Price Renumerative
NDB - new developmemt bank
GMS - gold monetised scheme
OCI - Overseas citizens of india
NRI - Non resident indian
PIO - person of indian origin
NBT - National Book Trust
MII - MAKE in INDIA
EZs-Exclsuion Zones
#STATIC GK PART
TRANSPORT SYSTEM-- AIRWAYS , RAILWAYS , WATERWAYS
1.#AIRWAYS
First Air mail in india stated in the year 1911 -- from allahabad to naini
Tata airways stared first private service -- mumbai to karachi --1931
In india mumbai to thiruvanthapuram tata airways -- 1935
father of india ariways --J.R.D.TATA
First private airlines in india -- tatasons , air service of india , deccan airways --1947
MORE private services in india -- bharat airways , himalyan aviation ltd , airways india , kalinga
airways -- 1951
Air transport was nationalised and 2 corporations was established
Air india -- muscat -- maharaja ( international)
indian airlines -- muscat -- konark wheel
1st march , 2007 the govt of india merged air india & indian airlines and form Airindia --Muscat -flying swann with konark wheel -- corprate offfice -- mumbai
First north eastern airservice -- VAYUDUT SERVICE --1981
First ISO CERTIFICATE air service -- PAWAN HANS limited - ISO 9002 -- 1985
Worlds highest Aiport -- LASA --TIBET
India highest Airport --LEH -- jammu & kashmir --local name -- kushok-bakula-rimpocha
World largest airport -- king abdul aziz international aiport -- DUBAI
world's busiest airport has been specified by the Airports Council International in Geneva,
Switzerland
World's busiest airports by cargo traffic--hongkong int.airport -Chek Lap Kok, Hong Kong
World's busiest airports by passenger traffic are measured by total passengers -- HartsfieldJackson
Atlanta International Airport
World's busiest airports by aircraft movements are measured by total movements-- O'Hare
International Airport--Chicago, Illinois, United States
First open sky policy in india -- 1990
Airport authority of india (AAI) 1ST APRIL -- 1995
Total airports & Airstrips -- 450
19 international airports
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86 domestic
126 newly identified by AAI
INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES & SERVICES NAMES
Afganistan -- Ariana afgan airlines
Australia -- queensland (qantas)
Belguim -- sabina national belgium airlines
East africa -- East african airways
France -- air france
Germany --luftansa
Hongkong -- cathy pacific airways
Hungary -- hungarian airlines
Indonesia-- garuda indonesian airways
Iran - iran air
Ireland -- irish international airlines
Isreal -- EI AL
Italy -- itlaian airllines
Kuwait -- kuwait airlines
Lebanon -- middle east airlines
Nepal -- royal nepal airlines corp
Netherlands -- KLM royal dutch airlines
Pakistan -- pakistna internationla airlines
Phillippines -- philliphines airlines
Poland -- polish state air service
Rumania -- tenasporturi aerine romanie
Scandainavia -- scandanivanian air system
Russia -- aero flot
Srilanka -- air lanka
Switzerland -- swiss air
United kingdom -- british airways
USA -- pan american airways , trans world airlines
Air Asia--Asia
Qatar Airways--Doha Air Arabia
Malayasia -- tiger airways
Canada--Air Canada
Berlin --Air Berlin
Brussels --Brussels Airlines
Ethopia --Ethiopian Air
Jordan--Royal Jordanian
Kenya --Kenya Airways
China--China Airlines
Luxemburg --Luxair
Ukraine Intl Air
Czech Airlines
FlyNiki-- japan
Pakistan Intl Air
As per world -- bussiest airport -- as per 2015 statistics
1. Atlanta international airport -USA
2.chayong shunoy -- bejing, China
3.Dubai international airport -- UAE
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4. Haned airport -- Tokyo , Japan
5. Los angles international airport --USA
6. Heathrow international airport -- London
7. Hong Kong international airport -- hongkong , China
8. O' hare international airport -- Chicago , USA
9. Dallas international airport -- USA
10. Suvarnabhoomi international airport -- Thailand
** Note as per traffic of passenger
CATEGORY OF AIRPORT SERVICES
1. Customs
2. defence
3. future
4. international
5. domestic
6. private
AS per size
international
major national airports
medium
minor
AIRPORTS as per states which includes , domestic , intenational

STATE
Andhra Pradesh
CITY
Hyderabad
AIRPORT NAME
Rajiv Gandhi International
Airport
Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi
International Airport
Assam
Guwahati
Bihar
Gaya
Gaya Airport
Delhi
New Delhi
Gujarat
Ahmedabad
Karnataka
Bengaluru
Indira Gandhi International

Airport
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Bengaluru International
Airport
Karnataka
Mangalore
Mangalore Airport
Kerala
Kochi
Cochin International Airport
Kerala
Kozhikode
Calicut International Airport
Kerala
Thiruvananthapuram
Trivandrum International
Airport
Madhya Pradesh
Bhopal
Raja Bhoj Airport

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Madhya Pradesh
Indore
Devi Ahilyabai Holkar Airport
Maharashtra
Mumbai
Chhatrapati Shivaji
Maharashtra
Nagpur
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar

Maharashtra
Pune
Pune Airport
Meghalaya
Shillong
Zaruki International Airport
Rajasthan
Jaipur
Jaipur International Airport
Tamil Nadu
Chennai
Chennai International Airport
Tamil Nadu
Coimbatore
Civil Aerodrome
Tamil Nadu
Tiruchirappalli
Tiruchirapalli International
Airport
Uttar Pradesh
Lucknow
Amausi Airport
West Bengal
Kolkata
Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose

STATE
STATE AIRPORTS
CITY
AIRPORT NAME
Andhra Pradesh
Donakonda
Donakonda Airport
Andhra Pradesh
Kadapa
Cuddapah Airport
Arunachal Pradesh
Daporijo
Daporijo Airport
Arunachal Pradesh
Tezu
Tezu Airport
Assam
Dibrugarh
Dibrugarh Airport
Assam
Dhubri
Rupsi Airport
Assam
Tezpur
Tezpur Airport
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Bihar
Jogbani
Jogbani Airport
Bihar
Patna
Lok Nayak Jayaprakash

Airport
Chhattisgarh
Jagdalpur
Jagdalpur Airport
Chhattisgarh
Raipur
Swami Vivekananda Airport
Daman and Diu
Diu
Diu Airport
Vadodara
Vadodara Airport
Gujarat
Kandla
Kandla Airport
Gujarat
Bhavnagar
Bhavnagar Airport
Gujarat
Gujarat
Keshod
Porbandar
Keshod Airport
Porbandar Airport
Gujarat
Rajkot
Rajkot Airport
Gujarat
Surat
Surat Airport
Himachal Pradesh
Kangra
Gaggal Airport
Himachal Pradesh
Shimla
Shimla Airport
Himachal Pradesh
Kullu
Bhuntar Airport
Jammu & Kashmir
Jammu
Jammu Airport
Jharkhand
Dhanbad
Dhanbad Airport
Jharkhand
Jamshedpur
Sonari Airport
Jharkhand
Ranchi
Birsa Munda Airport
Karnataka
Belgaum
Belgaum Airport
Karnataka
Hubli
Hubli Airport
Karnataka
Mysore
Mysore Airport
Karnataka
Toranagallu
Vidyanagar Airport
Gujarat
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Lakshadweep
Agatti
Agatti Aerodrome
Madhya Pradesh
Gwalior
Gwalior Airport
Madhya Pradesh
Jabalpur
Jabalpur Airport
Madhya Pradesh
Khajuraho
Khajuraho Airport
Madhya Pradesh
Khandwa
Khandwa Airport
Maharashtra
Akola
Akola Airport
Maharashtra
Aurangabad
Aurangabad Airport
Maharashtra
Jalgaon
Jalgaon Airport
Maharashtra
Kolhapur
Kolhapur Airport
Maharashtra
Nanded
Nanded Airport
Maharashtra
Nashik
Gandhinagar Airport
Maharashtra
Nashik
Ozar Airport
Maharashtra
Ratnagiri
Ratnagiri Airport
Maharashtra
Solapur
Solapur Airport
Manipur
Imphal
Tulihal Airport
Aizawl
Lengpui Airport
Nagaland
Dimapur
Dimapur Airport
Orissa
Bhubaneswar
Biju Patnaik Airport
Orissa
Jharsuguda
Jharsuguda Airport
Orissa
Berhampur
Berhampur Airport
Mizoram
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Orissa
Jeypore
Jeypore Airport
Orissa
Hirakud
Hirakud Airport
Orissa
Nuagaon
Nuagaon Airport
Orissa
Utkela
Utkela Airport
Tamil Nadu
Madurai
Madurai Airport
Tamil Nadu
Salem
Salem Airport
Tamil Nadu
Tuticorin
Tuticorin Airport
Tripura
Tripura
Agartala
Kailashahar
Agartala Airport
Kailashahar Airport
Tripura
Khowai
Khowai Airport
Uttrakhand
Dehradun
Jolly Grant Airport
Uttrakhand
Pantnagar
Pantnagar Airport
West Bengal
Balurghat
Balurghat Airport
West Bengal
Cooch Behar
Cooch Behar Airport
STATE
Andhra Pradesh
FUTURE AIRPORTS
CITY
Warangal
AIRPORT NAME
Warangal Airport
Karnataka
Bijapur
Bijapur Airport
Karnataka
Karwar
Karwar Airport
Karnataka
Shimoga
Shimoga Airport
Karnataka
Gulbarga
Gulbarga Airport
Karnataka
Hassan
Hassan Airport
Karnataka
Bidar
Bidar Airport
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Kerala
Kannur
Kannur International Airport
Maharashtra
Navi Mumbai
Navi Mumbai International

Airport
Maharashtra
Yavatmal
Yavatmal Airport
Uttrakhand
Pithoragarh
Naini Saini Airport
West Bengal
Malda
Malda Airport
2.#RAILWAYS
First train service in the world -- stockten -darlington --england -- 1825

In india first train serivce bombay to thane , april 16, 1853 , 34 km
first electrical train in india -- "DECCAN QUEEN "
India first underground railway started -- kolkatta -- dum dum -- toligang
father of indian railway -- lord dalhousie
Railway system started in india -- Lord Hardinge
Railway board stated by -- Lord Curzon
Indian railway complete "150 years " -- 1853-2003 -muscat " Bol the guard"
india longest rail -bridge -- valarapadam -vembanadu lake - kerla
longest road cum rail bridge -- rjamundary -kovvuru -- andhrapradesh
longest railway platoform -- kharagpur --w bengal
india highest railway bridge -- chenab river -- j&k -- 360 mts height
longest railway route -- j& k --> kanyakumari
longest tunnei -- karduba tunnel -- lonkan railway --goa
Railway budget seperated from general budget in the year --1921-22
First railway budget introduced in the parliament -- 1924-25
Budget income source -- 65% goods , 26% passengers fare , 9% others
WORLD wide railway networks

1ST --USA
2ND -- RUSSIA
3RD -- CHINA
4TH -- INDIA
Note * Railway track -- 108706km , railroute -- 71989km
Electric trains -- 1st place --RUSSIA , INDIA
Indian railway occupies first postion in terms of employees around 20 lakh people
indias largest departement --indian railway
INDIAN RAILWAY UNESCO --Identified places
Darjeeling --hinalayan -- wbengal-1999
victoria terminal -- mumbai -- 2004
nilagiri mountian railway -- tnadu -- 2005
kalka shimla -- himachal pradesh -- 2008
matheran railway -- maharstra -- 2010
Calcutta Tramways
Railway guages
Broad guage --1.676m -- 5.5 feet -- 75% railwys in india
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meter guage-- 1 mts -- 3.28 ft
narrow guage -- 0.762 mts -- 2.5 fts -- hilly areas
light narrow guage -- 0.610 mts -- 2 feet-- industrial area
standard guage -- 1.5mts -- 4 feet
RAILWAY INDUSTRIES
Chittranjan locomotives factory -- electric engines & steam engines -- w bengal -- 1950
mahadevpur --electric engines- bihar
varanasi -- diesel locomotives -- uttarpradesh
patiala -- diseal component works --punjab
Yehalanka -- wheels & exel plant -- banglore
nejelpaniguri -- wheels & exel plant -- wbengal
Railway coaches
Permbur -- madras
Kapurtal -- punjab
Banglore -- karnataka
Singur -- westbanegal
Railbarely -- UP
Kochin -- kerala
Railway wagons
Secunderabad -- telenagana
Bardahan -- wbengal
Guhwathi -- assam
Bhuvenswar --odisha
Haldia -- wbengal
Durgapur -- wbengal
RAILWAY ZONES --HQ
1. Southern railway - CHENNAI --1ST railwya zone -- 1951
2. central railway-- MUMBAI
3. western railway-- MUMBAI ( CHURCH GATE )
4. northern railway--NEWDELHI
5. northeast railway-- GORKPUR
6. eastern railway-- KOLKATTA
7. south eastern -- KOLKATTA
8. north eastern -- GUWHATHI --ASSAM
9. south central-- SECUNDERABAD -- TELANGANA
10. north central-- ALLAHABAD --UP
11. east central -- HAJIPUR -- BIHAR
12. north west -- JAIPUR -- RAJASTHAN
13. east coast -- BHUVANSEWAR -- ODHISHA
14. south west -- HUBLI -- BANGLORE
15. west central-- JABALPUR -- MP
16. south east central -- BILASPUR -- CHATTISGARH
17. KOLKATTA METRO -- 17th zone of the Indian Railways.
STATE WISE RAILWAY ROUTES
Highest -- Top --3 -- uttarpradesh , rajasthan , maharastra
Lowest -- nagaland -- 13km , mizoram -2km . Arunchal pradesh -- 1km , manipur -- 1km , sikkim -yet not started , Meghalaya -- no Railway network
METROS
1. Kolkata -- KOLKATTA METRO --First mass rapid transit system in India
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
CHENNAI--Chennai MRTS--Chennai Metro Rail Limited

Delhi - NCR -- DELHIO METRO --India's first modern rapid transit system.
Bangalore-- NAMMA METRO--First metro in India to introduce Wi-Fi onboard trains
Gurgaon--Rapid MetroRail Gurgaon--India's first fully privately financed metro
Mumbai--Mumbai Metro
Jaipur--JAIPUR METRO--Double-storey elevated road and Metro track project
Chennai--CHENNAI METRO
UPCOMING METROS PROJECTS -- HYDERBAD , NAVIMUMBAI ,LUCKNOW , KOCHI , AHAMADABAD ,
NAGPUR
Mono rail -- Mumbai Monorail is a monorail system in the city of Mumbai, India, part of a major expansion
of public transport in the city. The project was implemented by the Mumbai Metropolitan Region
Development Authority (MMRDA), along with a consortium of Mumbai-based conglomerate Larsen &
Toubro and the Malaysian infrastructure firm Scomi Engineering
between Wadala Depot and Chembur -- operational form feb --2014
ADMINISTRATIVE OF INDIAN RAILWAYS
Under control of indian railways
1. RITES-- Rail india techinical & economic service limited
2. IRCON--- Indian railway construction
3. IRFC-- Indian railway finance corportation of india limited
4. CONCOR-- Container corp of india limited
5. KRCL-- Konkan railway coroporation limited
6. IRCTC-- Indian railway catering and tourism corporation limited
7. MRVNL-- Mumbai rail vikas nigam ltd
8. RVNL-- Rail vikas nigam limited
9. DFCCIL-- Dedicated freight corridor corporation of india limited
10. BWEL-- Bahart wagon and engineering limited
11. BSCL-- Burn standard company limited
12. BCL-- Braith waite and company limited
13. RAILTEL--Railtel corporation of inida limited
HIGH SPEED TRAINS
1. Delhi - Agra-- 160km/hr
2. Chennai - Hyderabad--160km/hr
3. Delhi - Chandigarh--160km/hr
4. shatabadi -- delhi/mumbai --150km/hr
5. rajadhani -- delhi/jahansi --140km/hr
6. rajadhani --delhi /howrah --130km/hr
some popular trains
Vivek express -- swamivivknanada
Kavi guru express-- ravindranatha tagore
Samjota express-- india --pakistan connecting
Maitri express-- india -- bangladesh
Durantho -- non stop train
Karma bhoomi -- unskilled labours
Matru bhoomi -- special trains for women
Life line express -- mobile train
Sukhgruhu express-- for slum people
Maharaja express-- maharastra
Deccan odyssi -- maharastra
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Buddha luxury train -- uttrapradesh

Golden chariot -- karnataka
Southern splendor -- andhrapradesh (proposed)
Palace of wheels -- rajasthan
Royal oreintal express -- gujarat
3.#ROADWAYS
National highways / Express ways -- 70,934 km
State highways -- 154522 km
Other roads -- 3884136km
world road transport --TOP -- 3 -- USA , INDIA , BRAZIL
Classifcation of road transport as percentage
National highways -- 2%
state highways -- 4%
distict roads -- 14%
village roads --80%
The National Highways Act, 1956
Board road organisation was setup --1960 HQ -- newdelhi
now total no of highways -- 228
National Highways Development Project (NHDP
four metropolitan cities (Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata) have been fully paved and widened
into four-lane highways. been converted to four or six lane expressways
Delhi-Agra
Delhi-Jaipur
Ahmedabad-Vadodara
Mumbai-Pune
Mumbai-Surat
Bangalore-Mysore
Bangalore-Chennai
Chennai-Tada
Delhi-Meerut
Hyderabad-Vijayawada
Guntur-Vijayawada.
*Phase V of the National Highway Development Project is to convert all 6,000 km (3,700 mi) of the Golden
Quadrilateral Highways to 6-lane highways/expressways by 2012.
National highest length states --TOP -5 --UP , RAJASTHAN , MP, AP ,TAMILNADU
Least -- chandigarh , pondicherry , sikkim
Road density -- 245 sqkm for 1 lakh people
Highest road density state -- kerala -- 375km/per 100 sqmts
least -- jammu kashmir -- 10km/ 100 sqmts
highest road development state -- harayana -- 91.68%
National higways development project - NHAI est -- 1988
National higways development project -- stated in 1999
7 stage project
STAGE -1 -- Golden quadilateral highway --5846km, delhi --mumbai --NH8, mumbai -chennai --NH 4 ,
chennai -kolkatta -- NH5 , kolkatta - delhi -- NH2
STAGE-2 NORTH SOUTH & EAST WEST --CORRIDOR ,North -- srinagar -- J&K, south - kanyakumari --tnadu,
west -- porbunder--gujarat, east -- sichur --assam
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STAGE-3 -- 1000km national highway 2 lines
STAGE-4 -- 20,000km National highway 1 line
STAGE-5 -- golden quadliateral highways 4 line
STAGE-6 -- 1000 km express highways -- for speccial puropose
STAGE-7 --- ring roads, by -pass road , service roads
National highways
NH-1 -- DELHI -- AMRITSAR -- 456 km
NH 1 A -- uri (J&k) -- jalandhar -- 663 km
NH 1 B -- BATOTE -- KHANDAL -- 274 KM
NH 1 C -- DOMEL -- KATRA -- 8 KM
NH 2 -- DELHI -- KOLKATTA -- 1465 KM
NH 2 A -- SIKANDARA -- BHOGNIPUR -- 25 KM
NH 3 -- AGRA - MUMBAI -- 1161 KM
NH 4 -- CHENNAI -- THANE -- 1235 KM
NH 4 A -- BELGAUM -- PANAJAI - 153KM
NH 5 -- CHENNAI - BAHARAGORA -- 1533 KM
NH 5 A-- HARIDASPUR -- PARADEEP PORT -- 1533KM
NH 6 -- KOLKATTA -- HAJIRA -- 1949 KM
NH 7 -- VARANASI -- KANYAKUMARI -- 2369KM
NH 7A -- PALAYANKOTTAI -- TUTICORN -- 51KM
NH 8 -- DELHI -- MUMBAI -- 1428KM
NH 8A -- AHMEDABAD -- MANDVI -- 473KM
NH 8B -- PORBANDAR -- BAMANBORE -- 206KM
NH 8C -- CHILODA --SARKHEJ -- 46KM
NH 8D -- JETPUR --SOMANTH -- 127KM
NH 8E -- SOMANTH-- BHAVANAGAR -- 220KM
NH 9-- PUNE -- MACHILIPATNAM -- 841KM
NH 10 -- DELHI --FAZILKA -- 403 KM
4.#WATERWAYS
Total coastline -- 7516.6 kilometers

one of the biggest peninsulas in the world
Total navigable water -- 14500 km
Major post -- 13 ,medium ports -- 11 , minor ports --200
Gujarat (42)Maharashtra (48)Tamil Nadu (15)Karnataka (10) Kerala (17)Andhra Pradesh (12) Odisha
(13)Goa (5)West Bengal (1) Daman and Diu (2)Lakshadweep (10)Pondicherry (2)and Andaman &
Nicobar (23)
Government of India plans to modernise these ports and has approved a project called Sagarmala
Highest water ways developed states -- ASSAM , BIHAR , WBENGAL
INLAND WATER WAYS AUTHORITY -- 1986
Shipping corp of india -- est --1961
india first shippoing company -- bombay steam navaigation company --1840
100 years old ports --kolkatta , mumbai , chennai , marmgoa
There are 28 ship yards , 7 under public sector , 2 under state govt , 19 private
SHIPYARDS IN INDIA
1. Garden resaech ship yard -- kolkatta
2. mazagoan dock limited -- goa
3. hindustan shipyard limited -- visakhaptnam
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4. cochin shipyard -- kochi
5. Hoggly dock & port engineers limited -- Kolkatta
MAJOR PORTS IN INDIA
1. Mumbai -- arbaian sea-- 2nd oldest busiest port in india
2. kolkatta -- bay of bengal -- 1st oldest port
3. kochi -- kerala -- Exporter in tea , coffee, spices , petroleum , fertilizers
4. kandala -- gujarat-- Tidal & FTZ port , salt cement , oil ,petrolum , cotton ,scrap
5. chennai -- tamilnadu-- 2nd largest traffic handled port
6. mormugao -- goa --leading iron ore port
7. manglore -- karnataka --EDIBLE OILS , petrolum from kudramukh
8. tuticorn --- tamilnadu -- ARTIFICAL deep sea harbour
9. vishapatnam -- andhrapradesh -- india deepest landlocked port
10. paradeep -- orissa --E xports raw iron to japan
11. nhava seva -- mumbai -- FASTEST growing port
12. ennore -- tamilnadu -- first port with cooperation participation
13. portblair -- andaman & nicobar
INLAND WATER -WAYS
NATIONAL WATER WAY-1 NATIONAL WATER WAY-2- NATIONAL WATER WAY-3- NATIONAL WATER WAY-4- NATIONAL WATER WAY-5- NATIONAL WATER WAY-6--
allahabad -haldia -- hooghly river -- 1620km

sadiya - dhubri -- brahmaputra river -- 891 km
kottapuram - kollam -- champakara canal -- 205km
kakinda -- puducherry -- river krishna -- 1095km
talcher -- dhamra -- brahmani river -- 623km
Lakhipur to banga -- river barak--121km
FESTIVALS OF INDIAN STATES
AndhraPradesh--Dasara Festival,Gangamma Jatara,Gowri Habba,Ugadi,Vaikunta Ekadashi

Assam--Ali Ai Ligang,Ambubachi Mela,Baresahariya Bhaona,Bathow puja,Bihu,Bohag Bihu,Bihuwa
dance,Brahmaputra Beach Festival,Bwisagu,Dehing Patkai festival,Jonbeel mela,Kaziranga Elephant
Festival,Magh Bihu,Porag,Rongker
Arunachal Pradesh--Siang River festival,Ziro,Solung,Nyokum,Lossar,Dree,Boori
Boot,Loku,Sanken,Reh,Myoko,Budhha Mahotsava,Choekhor,Tamladu,Mopin
Bihar--Chhath,Jivitputrika,Patliputra natya Mahotsav,Patna Sahib Mahotsav,Rajgir Mahostav,Sama
Chakeva
Chandigarh --Baisakhi,Festival of gardens,Teej
Chhattisgarh--Bastar Dussehra,Bastar Lokotsav,Dadaria,Gaur Maria Dance,Madai ,Rajim Kumbh
Goa--Shigmo,Bonderam,San joao,Panjim/Margao
Gujarat--International Kite festival,Modhera,Kutch Mahotsava,Bhavnath Mahadev fair
Saptak,Shamlaji,TarnetarVautha,Madhavrai
Haryana--Lohri,Basant Panchami,Gangore,Baisakhi,Teej,Nirjala Akadashi,Guggapir
Himachal Pradesh--Dham,Kullu Dussehra,Mandi Shivaratri ,Sati pradha
Jammu and Kashmir--Hemis,Lohri,Vaishno devi
Jharkhand--Karma,Sohari,Sarhul,Chhath puja,Jityya Bhaiya Dooj
Karnataka,Karaga,Dakkebali,Gowri Habba,Kanakadasa Jayanthi,Madikeri Dasara
Mahamastakabhisheka,Mailara Jaatre ,Mysore Dasara
Kerala--Onam,Thiruvathira,Vishu
MadhyaPradesh--Chethiyagiri vihara,Madai,Bahgoriya,Nimar utsav,Dhrupad samaroh
Maharashtra--nant chaturdashi,Bhau-beej,Gudi Padwa,Pola,Shayani Ekadashi,Vat purnima
Mizoram--Chapchar Kut ,Mim Kut ,Pawl Kut
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Nagaland--Horn Bill,Nazu,Sekrenyi,Tuluni,Yemshe,Sankarni,Rengma Ngadah
Odisha--Chaiti,Dhanu,Kalahandi,Ghantapatua,Jagaddhagtri,Raja praba ,Ratha-yatra(puri),Samba
Dashami
Punjab--Maghi,Lohri,Basant,Holi,Vaisakhi,Rakhri,Teeyan
Rajasthan---Baneshwar,Gangaur,Pushkar,Teej,Urs
Sikkim--Saga Dawa,Lossong,Losar,Dasain,Tihar,Gutor cham
Tamil Nadu--Brihadeeswara Temple car festival,Jangura Habba Erwadi Santhanakkodu,Mattu
pongal,Panguni Uthiram,Thaiusam,Thimithi
Telangana--Bathukamma,Bonalu,Sammakka Saarakka Jaathara,Peerla panduga
Tripura--Ker,Garia Puja
Uttarakhand--Phool Dei,Harela and bhitauli,Olgia,Khatarua,Bat savitri,Janopunya,Chippla Jaat,Hilijatra
WestBengal--Bhadu,Haldia Utsav,Jagaddhatri,Poush Mela
FOLK DANCES
AndhraPradesh--Kuchipudi(classical),Ghantamardala,Ottam,thedal,Mohioniattam,kummi,Siddhi
madhuri,Chhadi.
Chhattisgarh--Goudi,Karma,Jhumar,dagla,Pali,Tapali,Navrani.Diwari,Mundari.
Arunachal Pradesh--Mask Dance,War Dance.
HimachalPradesh--,Jhali,Chharhi,Dhaman,chhapeli,Mahasu,Nati,Dangi,Chamba,Thali,Jhainta,Daf,
Sti-ck dance.
Goa--Mandi,Jhagor,Khol,Dakni.
Assam--Bihu,Bichhua,Natpuja,Maharas,Kaligopal,Bagurumba,naga dance,Khel gopal,Tabal
chongli,canoe,Jhumura Hobjanai.
West Bengal--kathi,Gambhira,Dhali,Jatra,Baul,marasia,Mahal,Keertan
Keral--Kathakali(classical),Ottam Thulal,mohini-attam,Kaikottikali,Tappatikali,Kali auttam.
Meghalaya--laho,baagla.
Manipur--Manipuri(classical),Rakhal,Nat rash,Maha rash,raukhat.
Nagaland--Chong,Khaiva,lim,Nuralim
Orissa--odissi(classical),savari,Ghumara,painka,munari,chhau,chadya dandanata.
Maharashtra--Lavani,Nakata,koli,Lezim,Gafa,Dahikala,dasavtar or
Bohada,Tamasha,mauni,Powara,Gouricha.
Karnataka--Yakshagan,Huttari,Suggi,Kunitha,Karga,Lambi.
Gujarat--Garba,dandiya ras,Tippani juriun,Bhavai.
Punjab--Bhangra,giddha,Daff,Dhaman.
Rajasthan--Ghumar,chakri,Ganagor,Jhulan leela,Jhuma,Suisini,Ghapal,Panihari,Ginab
Mizoram--Khanatm,Pakhupila,Cherokan.
Jammu&Kashmir--Rauf,hikat,mandjas,kud dandi nach<Damali.
TamilNadu--Bharatnatyam,kumi,kolattam,kavadi.
Uttar Pradesh--Nautanki,Raslila,Kajri,Jhora,chappeli,Jaita.
Bihar--Jata-Jatin,Bakho-Bakhain,Panwariya,Sama-chakwa,Bidesia,Jatra.
Haryana--Jhumar,Phag,Daph,Dhamal,Loor,Gugga,Khor,Gagor.
Jharkhand--chhau,sarahul,Jat-jatin,karma,Danga,Bidesia,Sohrai
Uttarakhand--gadhwali,kumayuni,kajari,Jhora,raslila,chappeli
INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS AND THEIR HEADQUARTERS
UNO (United Nations Org) = New York
UNICEF =New York
UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade & Development) =Geneva
WHO (World Health Org) =Geneva
ILO (International Labour Org)= Geneva
WMO (World Meteorological Org) =Geneva
World Intellectual Property Org =Geneva
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International Standards Org.= Geneva
IMF (International Monetary Fund) =Washington DC
World Bank =Washington DC
UNESCO (United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Org) =Paris
OECD (Org. for Economic Cooperation and Dev.) =Paris
UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Dev. Org)= Vienna
IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) =Vienna
OPEC(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) =Vienna
Amnesty International London Commonwealth of Nations =London
IMO(International Maritime Organization) =London
ICJ (International Court of Justice) =The Hague
FAO(Food and Agricultural Organization) =Rome
NATO(North Atlantic Treaty Organization) =Brussels
Transparency International= Berlin
SAARC(South Asian Association for Regional Coop.) =Kathmandu
ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations) =Jakarta
APEC (Asia Pacific Economic Forum) =Singapore
Organization of Islamic Cooperation= Jedda
IMPORTANT HYDROPOWER DAMS
ANDHRAPRADESH
1. Nizam Sagar Dam-Manjira River-Andhra Pradesh
2. Prakasam Barrage-Krishna River-Andhra Pradesh
3. Srisailam Dam-Krishna River-Andhra Pradesh
GUJRAT
1. Ukai Dam-Gujarat
2. Dharoi Dam-Banas River-Gujarat
3. Dantiwada Dam-Sabarmati River-Gujarat
HIMACHAL PRADESH
1. Pandoh Dam-Beas River-Himachal Pradesh
2. Bhakra Nangal Dam-Sutlej River-Himachal Pradesh
3. Nathpa Dam-Sutlej River-Himachal Pradesh
4. Gobind Sagar, Reservoir-Sutlej River-Himachal Pradesh
5. Maharana Pratap Sagar Reservoir-Himachal Pradesh
JAMMU & KASHMIR
1. Salal Project-Chenab River-Jammu & Kashmir
2. Chutak Hydroelectric Project-Jammu & Kashmir
3. Dumkhar Hydroelectric Dam-Indus River-Jammu & Kashmir
4. Uri Hydroelectric Dam-Jhelum River-Jammu & Kashmir
JHARKHAND
1. Maithon Dam-Barakar Rive-Jharkhand
2. Chandil Dam-Subarnarekha River-Jharkhand
3. Panchet Dam-Damodar River-Jharkhand
KARNATAKA
1. Tunga Bhadra Dam-Tungabhadra River and Krishna River-Karnataka
2. Linganamakki dam-Sharavathi River-Karnataka
3. Alamatti Dam-Krishna River-Karnataka
4. Harangi Dam-Cauvery River-Karnataka
5. Ghataprabha Reservoir-Ghataprabha River-Karnataka
KERALA
1. Banasura Sagar Dam-Chalakudy River-Kerala
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2. Malampuzha Dam-Malampuzha River-Kerala
3. Idukki Dam-Periyar River-Kerala
4. Mullaperiyar Dam-Pennar River-Kerala
5. Neyyar Dam-Pennar River-Kerala.
MADHYA PRDESH
1. Barna Dam-Barna River-Madhya Pradesh
2. Indirasagar Project-Narmada River-Madhya Pradesh
3. Narmada Dam Project-Narmada River-Madhya Pradesh
4. Gandhi Sagar Dam-Chambal River-Madhya Pradesh
5. Tawa Reservoir-Tawa River-Madhya Pradesh
MAHARASTRA
1. Koyna Dam-Koyna River-Maharashtra
2. Bhatsa Dam-Bhatsa and Chorna rivers-Maharashtra
3. Wilson Dam-Pravara River-Maharashtra
4. Girna Dam-Girna and Godavari River-Maharashtra
5. Radhanagari Dam-Bhogawati River-Maharashtra
ODSIHA
1. Jalaput Dam-Orissa
2. Balimela Reservoir-Sileru River-Orissa
3. Indravati Dam-Indravati River-Orissa
4. Hirakud Dam-Mahanadi River-Orissa
RAJASTHAN__MBisalpur dam-banas river--RAJASTHAN
TAMILNADU
1. Vaigai Dam-Vaigai River-Tamil Nadu
2. Krishnagiri Reservoir-Tamil Nadu
3. Pechiparai Reservoir-River Kodayar-Tamil Nadu
4. Vidur Reservoir-Tamil Nadu
5. Perunchani Dam-Paralayar River-Tamil Nadu
6. Periyar Reservoir-Periyar River-Tamil Nadu
7. Stanley Reservoir-Kaveri River-Tamil Nadu
8. Mettur Dam-Kaveri River-Tamil Nadu
9. Bhavanisagar Reservoir-Bhavani River-Tamil Nadu
10. Parambikulam Reservoir-Parambikulam River-Tamil Nadu
UTTARPRADESH_
1. Parichha Dam-Betwa River-Uttar Pradesh
2. Rihand Project-Rihand River and Son River-Uttar Pradesh
3. Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar Dam-Rihand River-Uttar Pradesh
4. Tehri Dam-Bhagirathi River-Uttrakhand
NATIONAL PARKS IN INDIA
1. Balphakram National Park -Meghalaya
2. Bandipur National Park - Karnataka
3. Kudremukh National Park Karnataka
4. Bannerghatta National Park --Karnataka
5. Betla National Park
Jharkhand
6. Bhitarkanika National Park Odisha
7. Blackbuck National Park Gujarat
8. Buxa Tiger Reserve West Bengal
9. Campbell Bay National Park Andaman and Nicobar Islands
10. Chandoli National Park Maharashtra
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11. Dachigam National Park Jammu and Kashmir
12. Desert National Park Rajasthan
13. Dudhwa National Park Uttar Pradesh
14. Eravikulam National Park Kerala
15. Galathea National Park Andaman and Nicobar Islands
16. Gir Forest National Park Gujarat
17. Great Himalayan National Park Himachal Pradesh
18. Guindy National Park Tamil Nadu
19. Gulf of Mannar National Park Tamil Nadu
20. Harike Wetland Punjab
21. Hazaribagh National Park Jharkhand
22. Jaldapara National Park West Bengal
23. Jim Corbett National Park Uttarakhand
24. Kanha National Park Madhya Pradesh
25. Kanger Ghati National Park Chhattisgarh
26. Kasu bramanda Reddy National Park Telangana
27. Kaziranga National Park Assam
28. Keibul Lamjao National Park Manipur
29. Keoladeo National Park Rajasthan
30. Khangchendzonga Park Sikkim
31. Kishtwar National Park Jammu and Kashmir
32. Madhav National Park Madhya Pradesh
33. Mahatma National Park Andaman and Nicobar Islands
34. Manas National Park Assam
35. Mandla Fossils National Park Madhya Pradesh
36. Marine Gulf of Kutch park Gujarat
37. Mount Abu Wildlife Sanctuary Rajasthan
38. Mrugavani National Park Telangana
39. Mudumalai National Park Tamil Nadu
40. Namdapha National Park Arunachal Pradesh
41. Nameri National Park Assam
42. Nanda Devi National Park Uttarakhand
43. Nandankanan Zoological Park Odisha
44. Navegaon National Park Maharashtra
45. Neora Valley National Park West Bengal
46. Palani Hills National Park Tamil Nadu
47. Pench National Park Madhya Pradesh
48. Periyar National Park Kerala
49. Blue Mountain National Park Mizoram
50. Pin Valley National Park Himachal Pradesh
51. Rajaji National Park Uttarakhand
52. Ranthambore National Park Rajasthan
53. Saddle Peak National Park Andaman and Nicobar Islands
54. Salim Ali National Park Jammu and Kashmir
55. Sariska Tiger Reserve Rajasthan
56. Satpura National Park Madhya Pradesh
57. Silent Valley National Park Kerala
58. Simlipal National Park Odisha
59. Singalila National Park West Bengal
60. South Button National Park Andaman and Nicobar Islands
98 | P a g e

61. Sri Venkateswara Park Andhra Pradesh
62. Sultanpur National Park Haryana
63. Sundarbans National Park West Bengal
64. Valley of Flowers National Park Uttarakhand
65. Valmiki National Park Bihar
ATOMIC POWER PLANTS
1. Kaiga atomic power plant---karnataka
2. Kakrapar atomic power plant---Gujarat
3. Madras atomic power plantTamil Nadu
4. Narora atomic power plant---Uttar Pradesh.
5. Rajasthan atomic power plantRajasthan
6. Tarapur atomic power plant----Maharashtra
7. Kundankulam atomic power plantTamil Nadu
8. Gorakhpur atomic power plant---- Haryana
9. Chutka atomic power plant---Madhya Pradesh
10. Mahi Banswara atomic power plant---Rajasthan
11. Kaiga atomic power plant----Karnataka
12. Kovvada atomic power plant---Andhra Pradesh
13. Mithi virdhi atomic power plant---Gujarat.
IMPORTANT HILL STATIONS
1. Nainital-- Uttakhand
2. shima -- Himachal pradesh
3. KULLU Manali -- Himachal pradesh(Valley of Gods)
4. Mussoorie -- Uttarakhand(Queen of hills)
5. CHAMBA-- Himachal pradesh
6. Almora -7. Ranikhet--Himalayas
8. Gulmarg--Meadow of flowers
9. Dharamshala-- Himachal pradesh
10. Dalhousie --Himachal pradesh
11. Lansdowne--UTTARKHAND
12. Auli--UTTARKHAND
13. Mirik--Westbengal
14. Khandala--maharastra
15. Lonavala--maharastra
16. matheran --maharashtra(Automoile free hillstation)
17. Mount Abu--rajasthan
18. Saputara --gujarat
19. Munnar--kerala
20. Aruku valley -- andhrapradesh
21. Coonoor-- tamilnadu
22. Coorg -- Karnataka(Kashmir of south)
IMPORTANT LAKES
1. Wular Lake-- Wular Lake is one of the largest fresh water lakes in Asia and the largest in India, is
located in Jammu and Kashmir
2. Loktak Lake-- Loktak Lake is the largest freshwater lake in northeastern India, located in Manipur.
3. Damdama Lake-- Damdama Lake is one of the biggest natural lakes in Haryana.
99 | P a g e

4. Dal Lake--The Kashmir valley is blessed with exotic natural beauty of landscape and water bodies,
out of them one of the best is Dal Lake
5. Pichola Lake-- Lake Pichola is an artificial fresh water lake situated in Udaipur city in Rajasthan.
6. Gurudongmar Lake--Gurudongmar Lake is one of the highest lakes in the world. This fresh-water
lake is located northeast of the Kangchenjunga range in Sikkim.
7. Chilka Lake--Chilka Lake is the brackish water lake and is the largest coastal lake in India. The Chilka
Lake in situated in Orissa and is Asias largest inland salt-water lagoon.
8. Vembanad Lake--Vembanad Lake is Indias longest lake and is the largest lakes in the beautiful state
land of God, Kerala
9. Bhimtal Lake-- The pride of Bhimtal is a beautiful lake which offers magnificent vistas for tourists.
The lake is larger than Nainital lake, uttarnachal
10. Upper lake--Upper lake is the largest artificial lake in Asia, situated in City of Lakes called Bhopal,
Madhya Pradesh
11. Kolleru Lake and Pulicat Lake --are two major lakes for number of migratory birds in India-AP
SOBRIQUETS --PLACES
1. Asia paris -- lahore , pakistan
2. Africa in Miniature --Cameroon
3. Bengal sarrow -- river damodar , wetbengal , india
4. Blue mountains -- nilagiri hills , india
5. Britain of the East - Japan
6. Britain of the South - New Zealand
7. Battle field of Europe - Belgium
8. Backbone of england -- pennine mountians
9. Back bone of italy -- apenninine mountians
10. Big apple -- newyork
11. City of Cycles - Beijing
12. City of Eternal Springs - Quito (Ecuador)
13. City of Sky Scrappers - New York (USA)
14. City of Magnificent Distances - Washinton DC
15. City of Golden Gate - San Francisco (USA)
16. City of Seven Hills - Rome (Italy)
17. Cockpit of Europe - Belgium
18. Concentration Camp of Africa --Equatorial Guinea
19. Copper Country - Zambia
20. City of factories -- Knapur (U.P)
21. City of festivals -- Madurai , tamil nadu
22. City of dreaming spires -- Oxford , england
23. City of golden temple --amritsar , india
24. City of magnificant distance s-- chennai
25. City of palaces -- kolkatta , india
26. cock pit of europe -- belguim
27. City of pope -- rome
28. City of seven islands -- mumbai
29. City of snow -- canada
30. City of arbian nights -- baghdad, iraq
31. City of motor cars -- detroit , michigan (usa)
32. The City that Never Sleeps -- Cairo
33. City of roses -- chandigarh
34. City of smoke -- osaka , japan
35. City of steel in india -- jamshedpur
100 | P a g e

36. City of temples -- varanasi
37. Costliest coast -- coast rica
38. Coffee port of the world -- shantos ( brazil)
39. Dark continent -- Africa
40. Dead Heart of Africa --Chad
41. Dairy of northern europe -- denmark
42. Evergreen forest -- western ghats
43. Eighth Continent--Madagascar
44. Emerland island -- ireland
45. Empire city -- newyork
46. Eternal city -- rome
47. Eye of greece -- athens
48. Electronic city of india -- banglore
49. Forbidden city -- lhasa (tibet)
50. Friendly island -- tonga
51. Front door of australia -- darwin
52. Garden city of england - kent (england)
53. Garden city of world -- chicago , usa
54. Garden city of india -- banglore
55. Garden of europe -- italy
56. Garden of south india -- thanjavur
57. Garden of gods --colorado (USA)
58. Gate way of india -- mumbai
59. Garden provice of south africa -- natal
60. Gateway of tears -- jerusalem
61. George cross island -- malta
62. Grnaite city -- aberdeen (scotland)
63. Great white way -- broadway ( newyork)
64. Granery of india --punjab
65. Gift of the Nile --Egypt
66. Granery of south india --andhrpradesh
67. Granery of tamilnadu --tanjavuur
68. Granery of kerala -- palakkad
69. Gribraltar of the indian ocean -- aden
70. Golden state -- california , usa
71. Golden city -- johannesburg , south africa
72. Golden penisula -- thailand
73. Hermit kingdom -- korea
74. Herring pond --atlantic ocean
75. Horn of africa -- somalia
76. Holy city -- jerusalem
77. Holy land -- palestine
78. Holy mountain -- fujiyama , japan
79. Horn of Africa --Somalia
80. Hinge of Africa-- Cameroon
81. Heart of Africa --Burundi
82. Hill Queen - Shimla
83. Island continent -- australia
84. Island of cloves -- zanzibar
85. Island of fire -- iceland
101 | P a g e

86. island of pearls -- baharain
87. key to meditarrian -- gribraltar stait
88. king of indian forest -- teak
89. Land of atlas -- maldives
90. Land of golden fleece -- australia
91. Land of kangaroos --australia
92. Land of lillies -- canada
93. Land of maple leaf -- canada
94. Land of marble -- italy
95. Land of The Blacks --Sudan
96. Land of midnight sun -- norway
97. Land of golden pagaoda -- mynamaar
98. Land of perpetual greenary -- natal
99. Land of setting sun --USA
100.
Land of rising sun -- japan
101.
Land of five rivers -- punjab
102.
Land of thousand elephants -- Laos
Land of thousand lakes -- finland
103.
104.
Land of thunder bolt -- bhutan
105.
Land of white elephants -- thailand
106.
Land of windmills -- holland ( netherlands)
107.
Land of cakes -- scotland
108.
Land of flying fish -- barbados
109.
Land of humming bird -- trinidad
110.
Land of milk and honey -- cannan
111.
Land of morning calm -- korea
112.
Land of Honest Men --Burkina Faso
113.
Land of Thousand Hills --Rwanda
114.
Little venice -- venezuela
115.
Loneliest island -- tristan de kalanha
116.
Manchester of the orient -- osaka , japan
117.
Manchester of south india -- coimbatore
118.
Modern babylon -- london
119.
Mini India Of Africa --Mauritius
120.
Mother -in -law of europe -- denmark
121.
Mother of rivers -- calarodo , usa
122.
Never never land -- prairies of north , australia
123.
Pearl of the antilles -- cuba
124.
Pawn of the Horn of Africa --Djibouti
125.
Pearl of orient -- hongkong
126.
Pillars of hercules -- starits of gibraltar
127.
Pink city -- jaipur , india
128.
Perfumed Islands --Comoros
129.
playground of europe -- switzerland
130.
Power keg of europe -- balkans
131.
Pearl of the pacific -- guyayquil port ( ecuador )
132.
Quaker city -- philadelphia, USA
133.
Queen of adriatic -- venice , italy
134.
Queen of the arbian sea -- kochi , india
135.
Queen of flowers -- rose
102 | P a g e

136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
150.
151.
152.
153.
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
160.
161.
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
167.
168.
169.
170.
171.
172.
Roof of the world -- the pamirs , tibet

Rice port --puerto rico
Rainbow Nation --South Africa
Rice bowl of india -- godavari delta
Rice bowl of far east -- mynamar
River in the sea-- gulf stream
Roor of india -- chotanagpur
Saw mill of europe-- swedan
Scotland of the east -- meghalaya
Switzerland of india -- kashmir
Switzerland of latin america -- uruguay
Sick man of europe -- turkey
Sister city of madras -- denver
Sorrow of china -- river hwang ho
Spice garden of india -- kerala
Sugar bowl of india -- uttarpradesh
The battle field of europe -- belguim
The isle of spring -- jamaica
The sea of mountains -- british columbia
The store house of the world -- mexico
The down under -- australia
The mother colony of the west indies -- st.kitts
The promised land -- cannan
The Star and Key of the Indian Ocean --Mauritius
Twin city -- budapest
The imperial city --rome
The spice island of the west -- grenada
Valley of kings -- thebes
Valley of flowers -- uttarkhand
Venice of east -- bangkok ( thailand )
Venice of north -- stockholm , sweden
White city -- belgrade , serbia
White mans grave -- guinea coast , west africa
Windy city -- chicago , USA
Worlds bread basket -- prairies of north america
Workshop of europe-- belguim
Yellow river --hwang ho
Famous places in india

1. Granery of india -- punjab
2. Granery of south india -- andhra pradesh
3. Indian hawana -- andhrapradesh
4. Spice garden of india -- kerala
5. King of spice --pepper
6. Queen of spice -- cardmom
7. Tea garden -- assam
8. Coffee -- banglore ( chittmanglore )
9. Sugar bowl -- uttarpradesh
10. Golden fiber -- jute
103 | P a g e

11. White gold -- cotton
12. Rubber board -- kottyyam
13. Coffee board -- banglore
14. Tea board -- kolkatta
15. Tobacco board -- guntur
16. Spice board -- kochin
17. Ground nut -- junagad -- gujarat
18. Salt -- bahvnagar -- gujarat
19. Cotton -- nagapur
20. Silk -- banglore
VITAMINS
VITAMIN
VITAMIN CHEMICAL NAME
NAME
Vitamin A
Retinol
DEFICIENCY DISEASE
FOOD SOURCES
Liver,orange,ripe yellow fruits,leafy
vegetables,carrots,pumpkin,squash
,spinach,fishsoya milk, milk.
Vitamin B1
Thiamine
Vitamin B2
Riboflavin
Vitamin B3
Niacin,Niacinamide
Night
blindness,Hyperkerat
osis
Beriberi,wernickekorsakoff syndrome
Ariboflavinosis,Glossi
tis,Angular stomatitis
pellagra
Vitamin B5
Vitamin B6
Vitamin B7
Pantothenic acid
Pyridoxine,Pyridoxamine,P
yridoxal
Biotin
parthesia
Anemia peripheral
neuropathy
Dermatitis,enteritis
Vitamin B9
Folic acid,Folinic acid
Vitamin B12
Cyanocobalamin,Hydroxyc
obalamin,Methylcobalami
n
Ascorbic acid
Cholecalciferol,Ergocalcifer
ol
Tocopherols,Tocotrienols
Megaloblastic
anemia and
deficiency during
pregnancy is
associated with birth
defects such as
neural tube defects.
Megaloblastic
anemia
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
Phylloquinone,menaquino
nes
Scurvy
Rickets and
Osteomalacia
Sterility in
males,abortion in
females,mild
hemolytic anemia in
newborn infants
Bleeding diathesis
Pork, oatmeal, brown rice, vegetables,

potatoes, liver, eggs
Dairy products, bananas, popcorn,
green beans, asparagus
Meat, fish, eggs, many vegetables,
mushrooms, tree nuts
Meat, broccoli, avocados
Meat, vegetables, tree nuts, bananas
Raw egg yolk, liver, peanuts, leafy green
vegetables
Leafy vegetables, pasta, bread, cereal,
liver
Meat and other animal products
Many fruits and vegetables, liver

Fish, eggs, liver, mushrooms
Many fruits and vegetables, nuts and
seeds
Leafy green vegetables such as spinach,

egg yolks, liver
104 | P a g e

NICKNAMES OF EMINENT PERSONS
Father of the Nation
Bapu
Frontier Gandhi, Badshah Khan
Grand Old man of India
Strong (Iron) Man of India
Man of Peace
Punjab Kesari
Bengal Kesari
Bihar Kesari
Andhra Kesari
Sher-e-Kashmir
Bangabandhu
Deshbandhu
Deenbandhu
Lokmanya
Loknayak
Jana Nayak
Rajarshee
Gurudev
Guruji
Desh Ratna
Ajatshatru
Mahamana
Netaji
Chacha
Rajaji/C.R.
Sparrow
Young Turk
Tau
Sahid-e-Azam
Nightingale of India
Lady with the lamp
Swar Kokila
Udanpari
Mother
Vishwa Kavi
Kaviguru
Sardar
Tota-e-Hind
Lal, Bal, Pal
Bihar Vibhuti
Babuji
Napoleon of India
Shakespeare of India
Machiavelli of India
Akbar of Kashmir
Father of Gujarat
Grandfather of Indian Films
Morning Star of India Renaissance
King Maker of Indian History
Anna
G.B.S
Haryana Hurricane
Little Master
Magician of Hockey
Deshpriya
Mahatma Gandhi
Mahatma Gandhi
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Dadabhai Naoroji
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Lal Bahadur Shastri
Lala Lajpat Rai
Ashutosh Mukherji
Dr. Srikrishna Singh
T. Prakasam
Sheikh Abdullah
Sheikh Mujibut Rahman
Chitta Ranjan Das
C.F. Andrews
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Jayaprakash Narayan
Karpuri Thakur
Purushottam Das Tandon
Rabindranath Tagore
M.S. Golvalkar
Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Pt. Madan Mohan Malaviya
Subhash Chandra Bose
Jawaharlal Nehru
Chakravarti Rajagopalachari
Major General Rajinder Singh
Chandra Shekhar
Chaudhury Devi Lal
Bhagat Singh
Sarojini Naidu
Florence Nightiangel
Lata Mangeshkar
P.T. Usha
Mother Teresa
Rabindranath Tagore
Rabindranath Tagore
Vallabhbhai Patel
Amir Khushro
Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal
Dr. Anugrah Narayan Singh
Jagjeevan Ram
Samudra Gupta
Mahakavi Kalidas
Chanakya
Jainul Abdin
Ravi Shankar Maharaj
Dhundiraj Govind Phalke
Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Sayyed Bandhu
C.N. Annadurai
George Bernard Shaw
Kapil Dev
Sunil Gavaskar
Dhyanchand
Yatindra Mohan Sengupta
105 | P a g e

Kuvempu
Little Corporal
Man of Destiny
Fuehrer
King Maker
Uncle Ho
Bard of Avon
Li-Kwan
Father of English Poetry
Grand Old man of Britain
Maiden Queen
Maid of Orleans
Man of Blood and Iron
II Duce
Desert Fox
Quaid-i-Azam
K.V. Puttappa
Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon Bonaparte
Adolf Hitler
Earl of Warwick
Ho Chi Minh
William Shakespeare
Pearl Buck
Geoffery Chaucer
Willium E. Gladstone
Queen Elizabeth I
Joan of Arc
Otto Van Bismark
Benito Mussolini
Gen Ervin Rommel
Md. Ali Jinnah
NICKNAMES OF PLACES IN INDIA

City
State
Agra
Uttar Pradesh
Ahmedabad
Gujarat
Allahabad
Uttar Pradesh
Amritsar
Punjab
Asansol
West Bengal
Bengaluru
Karnataka
Bhagalpur
Bihar
Bhopal
Madhya Pradesh
Indore
Madhya Pradesh
Nickname(s)
Taj Nagari
Boston of India
Manchester of India
Abode of the God
Sangam City
City of Prime Ministers
Golden City
Land of Black Diamond
Electronic City of India
Garden City of India
Silicon Valley of India
Pensioners Paradise
Space City
Science city of India
IT Capital of India
The Silk City of India
City of Lakes
Mini Mumbai
106 | P a g e

Bhubaneswar
Odisha
Chandigarh
Chandigarh
Chennai
Tamil Nadu
Coimbatore
Tamil Nadu
Coorg
Karnataka
Darjeeling
West Bengal
Dhanbad
Jharkhand
Shillong
Meghalaya
Dibrugarh
Assam
Durgapur
West Bengal
Gandhinagar
Gujarat
Guwahati
Assam
Nilgiri
Tamil Nadu
Hyderabad
Telangana
Temple City of India
The City Beautiful
Gateway of South India
Detroit of Asia
Auto Hub of India
Health Capital of India
Textile City of India
Manchester of South India
Scotland of India
The Queen of the Hills
The Coal Capital of India
Scotland of East
Tea City of India
Ruhr of India
Green city
Gateway of North East India
Blue Mountains
City of Pearls (Historically known as a

pearl and diamond trading centre, and it
continues to be known as the City of
Pearls)
Jaipur
Rajasthan
Jaisalmer
Rajasthan
Jamshedpur
Jharkhand
City of Nizams
World Capital of Biryani
HITECH City
Pink City
Paris of India
City of Palaces
Golden City of India
Steel City of India
Pittsburgh of India, for being rich in

minerals.
Kanpur
Uttar Pradesh
Leather City of the World (The city carries
107 | P a g e

the nickname because its the center of
Indias leather production)
Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir
Kochi
Kerala
Kolkata
West Bengal
Kolhapur
Maharashtra
Kollam
Kerala
Lucknow
Madurai
Uttar Pradesh
Tamil Nadu
Malda
West Bengal
Mangalore
Karnataka
Mumbai
Maharashtra
Manchester of North India
Switzerland of India
Gateway to Kerala
Queen of the Arabian Sea
God's Own Country
City of Joy
City of Palaces
Cultural Capital of India
Gateway of Eastern India
Heaven of the Aged
City of Wrestlers
Prince of Arabian sea
Cashew Capital of the World
Gateway to Backwaters
Shiraz-e-Hind
Constantinople of the East
The Golden City of India
City of Nawabs
Athens of the East
City of Festivals
City of Four Junctions
Temple city
Sleepless City
Mango City
Rome of the East
Cradle of Indian Banking
Gateway of Karnataka
City of Seven Islands
Financial Capital of India
Maya Nagari
108 | P a g e
Mundi
Madhya Pradesh
Mussoorie
Uttarakhand
Mysore
Karnataka
Nagpur
Maharashtra
Nainital
Uttarakhand
New Delhi
Delhi
Patiala
Punjab
City of Dreams
Gateway of India
Hollywood of India
Maximum City
Power Hub City
Queen of the Mountains
Heritage City
Green City
Orange City
City of Lakes
City of Rallies
Royal City (City of Maharajas of Patiala

known for Royal Patiala Peg, Patiala Jutti,
Patiala Salwar. It is the biggest centre of
"Education" in the entire Asia)
Panipat
Haryana
City of Weavers (City of textles and

carpets. It is the biggest centre of "Shoddy
Yarn" in the world)
Pondicherry
Puducherry
Prayag
Uttar Pradesh
Pune
Maharashtra
Purulia
West Bengal
Rishikesh
Uttrakhand
Siliguri
West Bengal
Srinagar
Jammu and Kashmir
Tezpur
Assam
Thane
Maharashtra
Tiruchirappalli
Tamil Nadu
City of Handloom
Paris of the East
Abode of the God
Queen of Deccan
Manbhum City
City of Sages
Yoga City
Gateway to the Dooars
City of Hospitality
City of lakes
City of Blood
City of Lakes
Rock Fort City (Malaikottai Maanagaram

in Tamil)
109 | P a g e
Energy equipment and fabrication capital

of India
Tirunelveli
Udaipur
Varanasi
Jodhpur
Nasik
Surat
Vadodara
Tamil Nadu
Rajasthan
Uttar Pradesh
Rajasthan
Maharashtra
Gujarat
Gujarat
Tucker Trichy
City of Paddy fields
Oxford city of South India
Halwa city of India
White City
City of Lakes
Venice of the East
Spiritual capital of India
Religious capital of India
City of Lights
City of Temples
City of Learning
Oldest living city on Earth
Holy City
Blue City
Sun City
Wine capital of India
Grape city of India
California of India
Diamond City Of India
City Of Diamonds
Textile city Of India
Cultural City Of India (Sanskari Nagari)
Sayaji Nagari (Town of Sayajirao

Gaekwad)
Banyan City (City's Name Came From

Tree Of Banyan)
Visakhapatnam
Andhra Pradesh
Kakinada
Andhra Pradesh
Capital Of MS University
World Capital Of Garba
City Of Destiny
Pensioners Paradise
110 | P a g e
Vijayawada
Andhra Pradesh
Bhimavaram
Andhra Pradesh
Rajahmundry
Andhra Pradesh
Guntur
Andhra Pradesh
Vaniyambadi
Tamil Nadu
Warangal
Telangana
Zunheboto
Nagaland
City of Kaja
The Place of Victory
Second Bardoli of India
City of Prawns
Cultural City
City of Chillies
Leather city of South India
City of Lakes
City of Temples
Second city of Nizam
Land Of Warriors
INDIAN TOWNS ON RIVERS

Town
Allahabad
Patna
Varansi
Kanpur
Haridwar
Badrinath
Agra
Delhi
Mathura
Ferozpur
Ludhiana
Srinagar
Lucknow
Jaunpur
Ayodhya
Bareillly
Ahmedabad
Kota
Jabalpur
Panji
Ujjain
Surat
Jamshedpur
Dibrugarh
Guwahati
Kolkata
Sambalpur
Cuttack
Serirangapatnam
Hyderabad
Nasik
River
At the confluence of
the Ganga and Yamuna
Ganga
Ganga
Ganga
Ganga
Alaknanda
Yamuna
Yamuna
Yamuna
Satluj
Satluj
Jhelum
Gomti
Gomti
Saryu
Ram ganga
Sabarmati
Chambal
Narmada
Mandavi
Kashipra
Tapti
Swarnarekha
Brahmaputra
Brahmaputra
Hooghly
Mahanadi
Mahanadi
Cauvery
Musi
Godavari
111 | P a g e

Vijayawada
Curnool
Tiruchirapalli
Krishna
Tungabhadra
Cauvery
INVENTIONS
Invention
Television
Radio
Telephone
Electricity
Electric Light Bulb
Thermometer
Radium
Telescope
Telegraph
Electromagnetic Theory
Theory of Relativity
X-rays
Cosmic Rays
Automobile
Penicillin
Insulin
Magnetic Tape
Raman Effect
Bohr
Boyle
Dalton
Periodic Table
Transformer and Electric Motor
Geometry
Structure of Atom
Law of Gases
Electromagnetic Field
Motion of Planets
Principle of relativity
Newtons Law of Motion
Electron
Photon
Theory of Atom
Blood Groups
Quantum Mechanics
Quantum Theory
Law of Conservation of Mass
Age of the Earth
Heliocentrism
Heliocentric Model
Periodic law
Venn Diagram
Inventor
J.L. Baird
Marconi
Alexander Graham Bell
Benjamin Franklin
Thomas Edison
Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit
Marie Curie
Galileo
Pavel Schilling
Heinrich Hertz
Albert Einstein
Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen
R.A. Millikan
Ferdinand Verbiest
Sir Alexander Fleming
Frederick Banting
Fritz Pfluemer
Sir C.V. Raman
Electron Theory
Boyles Law
Atomic Theory
Dmitri Mendeleev
Michael Faraday
Euclid
Ernest Rutherford
Gay Lussac
James Clerk Maxwell
Johannes Kepler
Galileo Galilei
Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton
J.J. Thomson
Albert Einstein
John Dalton
Karl Landsteiner
Max Born
Max Plank, Niels Bohr, Albert Einstein
Antoine Lavoisier
C.C. Patterson
Aristarchus of Samos
Nicolaus Copernicus
Mendeleef
John Venn
112 | P a g e

Pierre Vernier
Mosley
Newton
Ohm
Enrico Fermi
William Robert Glove
Alexander Parkes
Edward Teller
John Von Neumann
Wright Brothers (Orville and Wilbur)
James Watt
John Napier
Charles Darwin
Otto Blathy
Edison
Rane Laennec
Dewar
Alessandro Volta
Evangelista Torricelli
Steven Sasson
Thomas Edison
Rudolf Diesel
Broquet
Alfred Nobel
John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert
Otis
Adolph Rickenbacker
Nick Holonyak and Oleg Losev
Gary Starkweather
Martin Cooper
Zacharias Janssen
Percy Spencer
Johannes Gutenberg
Ralph H. Baer
Larry Page
Dave Hyatt and Blake Ross
Mark Zuckerberg
Evan Williams, Jack Dorsey, and Biz Stone
Bill Gates and Paul Allen
Vint Cerf
Shiva Ayyadurai
Steve Jobs
Sir Tim Berners- Lee
Robert E. Kahn
Federico Faggin
Vierner Scale
Atomic Number
Law of Motion & Gravitation
Laws of Electrical Resistance
Nuclear Reactor
Fuel Cell
Celluloid
Hydrogen Bomb
Computer Architecture
Airplane
Steam Engine
Logarithms
Theory of Evolution
Transformer
Cinematography
Stethoscope
Thermo Flask
Battery
Barometer
Camera
Analytical Engine
Diesel Engine
Helicopter
Dynamite
First Computer
Lift
Guitar
Light Emission Diode
Laser Printer
Mobile Phone
Micro Scope
Microwave Oven
Printing Press
Video Games
Google
Mozilla
Facebook
Twitter
Microsoft
Internet
Email
Apple Computers
World Wide Web (WWW)
IP Address
Micro Processor
Works
Foundation of Red Cross
Foundation of Scout
Foundation of Red Gaurds
Persons
Henery Dunant
Baden Powell
Garrywaldy
113 | P a g e

Founder of Socialism
Father of Sanskrit Grammer
Founder of Anand Van
Founder of 'Auroville Ashram'
Founder of Shantiniketan
Founder of Vishwabharati
Founder of Pawnar Ashram
Founder of Bhudan Movement
Founder of League of Nations
Founder of Golden Temple
Founder of Khalsa (Panth)
Archarya Narendra Dev

Panini
Babe Amte
Aurobindo Ghosh
Rabindra Nath Tagore
Rabindra Nath Tagore
Vinoba Bhave
Vinoba Bhave
Wooden Willson
Guru Arjun Dev
Guru Gobind Singh
Newspaper/Journal Name
Bengal Gazette(1780)(India's First Newspaper)
Kesari
Maharatta
Sudharak
Amrita Bazar Patrika
Vande Mataram
Native Opinion
Kavivachan Sudha
Rast Goftar(first newspaper in Gujrati)
New India(Weekly)
Statesman
Hindu
Sandhya
Vichar Lahiri
Hindu Patriot
Som Prakesh
Yugantar
Bombay Chronicle
Hindustan
Mooknayak
Comrade
Tahzib-ul-Akhlaq
Al-Hilal
Al-Balagh
Independent
Punjabi
New India(Daily)
Commonweal
Pratap
Essays in Indian Economics
Samvad Kaumudi (Bengali)
Mirat-ul-Akbhar
Indian Mirror
Nav Jeevan
Young India
Harijan
Prabudha Bharat
Udbodhana
Indian Socialist
Talwar(in Berlin)
Free Hindustan(in Vancouver)
Hindustan Times
Kranti
Founder
J.K.Hikki
B.G.Tilak
B.G.Tilak
G.K.Gokhale
Sisir Kumar Ghosh and Motilal Ghosh
Aurobindo Ghosh
V.N. Mandalik
Bhartendu Harishchandra
Dadabhai Naoroji
Bipin Chandra Pal
Robert Knight
Vir Raghavacharya and G.S. Aiyar
B.B. Upadhyaya
Krishnashastri Chiplunkar
Girish Chandra Ghosh(later Harish Chandra Mukherji)
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
Bhupendranath Data and Barinder Kumar Ghosh
Firoze Shah Mehta
M.M. Malviya
B.R. Ambedkar
Mohammad Ali
Sir Syyed Ahmed Khan
Abul Kalam Azad
Abul Kalam Azad
Motilal Nehru
Lala Lajpat Rai
Annie Besant
Annie Besant
Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi
M.G. Ranade
Ram Mohan Roy
Ram Mohan Roy(first Persian Newspaper)
Devendra Nath Tagore
M.K Ghandhi
M.K Ghandhi
M.K Ghandhi
Swami Vivekananda
Swami Vivekananda
Shyamji Krishna Verma
Birendra Nath Chattopadhyaya
Tarak Nath Das
K.M. Pannikar
Mirajkar, Joglekar, Ghate
114 | P a g e
FIRST IN INDIA
The first President of Indian Republic
Dr. Rajendra Prasad
The first Prime Minister of free India
Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru
The first Indian to win Nobel Prize
Rabindranath Tagore
The first President of Indian National Congress
W.C. Banerjee
The first Muslim President of Indian National Congress
Badruddin Tayyabji
The first Muslim President of India
Dr. Zakir Hussain
The first British Governor General of India
Lord William Bentinck(1833-1835)
The first British Governor General of Bengal
Lord Warren Hasting(1774-1885)
The first British Viceroy of India
Lord Canning
The first Governor General of free India
Lord Mountbatten
The first and the last Indian to be Governor General of
C. Rajgopalachari
free India
The first man who introduced printing press in India
James Hicky
The first Indian to join the I.C.S
Satyendra Nath Tagore
Indias first man in Space
Rakesh Sharma
The first Prime Minister of India who resigned without
Morarji Desai
completing the full term
The first Indian Commander-in-Chief of India
General Cariappa
The first Chief of Army Staff
Gen. Maharaj Rajendra Singhji
The first Indian Member of the Viceroys executive council S.P.Sinha
The first President of India who died while in office
Dr. Zakhir Hussain
The first Muslim President of Indian Republic
Dr. Zakhir Hussain
The first Prime Minister of India who did not face the
Charan Singh
Parliament
The first Field Marshal of India
S.H.F. Manekshaw
The first Indian to get Nobel Prize in Physics
C.V.Raman
The first Indian to receive Bharat Ratna award
Dr. Radhakrishnan
The first Indian to cross English Channel
Mihir Sen
The first Person to receive Jnanpith award
Sri Shankar Kurup
The firs Speaker of the Lok Sabha
Ganesh Vasudeva Mavalankar
The first Vice-President of India
Dr. Radhakrishnan
The first Education Minister
Abdul Kalam Azad
The first Home minister of India
Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel
The first Indian Air Chief Marshal
S. Mukherjee
The first Indian Naval Chief
Vice Admiral R.D. Katari
The first Judge of International Court of Justice
Dr. Nagendra Singh
The first person to reach Mt. Everest without oxygen
Sherpa Anga Dorjee
The first person to get Param Vir Chakra
Major Somnath Sharma
The first Chief Election Commissioner
Sukumar Sen
The first person to receive Magsaysay Award
Acharya Vinoba Bhave
The first person of Indian origin to receive Nobel Prize in
Hargovind Khurana
Medicine
The first Chinese traveller to visit India
Fahein
The first person to receive Stalin Prize
Saifuddin Kitchlu
The first person to resign from the Central Cabinet
Shyama Prasad Mukherjee
The first person to receive Nobel Prize in Economics
Amartya Sen
The first Chief Justice of Supreme Court
Justice Hirala J. Kania
The first Indian Pilot
J.R.D. Tata (1929)
The first lady to become Miss World
Rita Faria
The first woman judge in Supreme Court
Mrs. Meera Sahib Fatima Bibi
The first woman Ambassador
Miss C.B. Muthamma
The first woman Governor of a state in free India
Mrs Sarojini Naidu
The first woman Speaker of a State Assembly
Shanno Devi
The first woman Prime Minister
Mrs Indira Gandhi
115 | P a g e

The
The
The
The
The
first
first
first
first
first
woman
woman
woman
woman
woman
Minister in a Government
to climb Mount Everest
to climb Mount Everest twice
President of Indian National Congress
pilot in Indian Air Force
The first woman Graduates

The first woman
The first woman
The first woman
The first woman
The first woman
The first woman
Assembly
The first woman
The first woman
Commission
The first woman
Airline Pilot
Honours Graduate
Olympic medal Winner
Asian Games Gold Medal Winner
Lawyer
President of United Nations General
first
first
first
first
first
first
first
first
first
first
first
first
first
Mrs Vijaya Laxmi Pandit
Chief Minister of an Indian State

Chairman of Union Public Service
Mrs Sucheta Kripalani
Director General of Police
Kanchan Chaudhary Bhattacharya

Anna Chandy (She became judge in a district
court in 1937)
Mrs Leela Seth (Himachal Pradesh High Court)
Kumari Justice M. Fathima Beevi
Puneeta Arora
P. Bandopadhyaya
Sushma Chawla
Mrs. Kiran Bedi
Razia Sultan
Nirja Bhanot
Ashapurna Devi
Aarti Saha
Mother Teresa
Mrs Indira Gandhi
Ashpurna Devi
The first woman Judge

The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
Rajkumari Amrit Kaur

Bachhendri Pal
Santosh Yadav
Mrs Annie Besant
Harita Kaur Dayal
Kadambini Ganguly and Chandramukhi Basu,
1883
Durba Banerjee
Kamini Roy, 1886
Karnam Malleswari, 2000
Kamlijit Sandhu
Cornelia Sorabjee
woman Cheif Justice of High Court

woman Judge in Supreme Court of India
woman Lieutenant General
woman Air Vice Marshal
woman chairperson of Indian Airlines
woman IPS officer
and last Muslim woman ruler of India
woman to receive Ashoka Chakra
woman to receive Jnanpith Award
woman to cross English Channel
woman to receive Nobel Prize
woman to receive Bharat Ratna
woman to receive Jnanpith Award
First Wax statue of a Living Indian

First Chinese pilgrim to Visit India
First Exclusive internet magazine
First Miss India to participate in Miss Universe
First President of Indian National Congress
First Muslim President of the Indian National Congress
First Judge in International Court of Justice
First Graduate in Medicine
India's First University
India's First Open University
India's First Lok Sabha Member to be elected with a
record maximum number of votes
First Indian to reach Antarctica
First British to Visit India
First Test tube baby of India
First Post Office Opened in India
Roze Millian Bethew
Mahatma Gandhi at Madame Tussaud's in

1939
Fa-hien
Bharat Samachar
Indrani Rehman
W.C. Bannerjee, 1885
Badruddin Tayyabji
Dr. Nagender Singh
Soorjo Coomar Goodeve Chukerbutty
Nalanda University
Andhra Pradesh Open University
P.V.Narasimha Rao
Lt. Ram Charan
Hawkins
Indira (Baby Harsha)
Kolkata(1727)
INDIAN STATES ON INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES

Borderind Pakistan
Borderind China
Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan, Gujarat.

Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal,
Sikkim, Arunchal Pradesh.
116 | P a g e

Borderind Nepal
Borderind Bangladesh
Borderind Bhutan
Borderind Myanmar
Borderind Afghanistan
Bihar, Uttarakhand, Up, Sikkim, West Bengal.

West Bengal, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Tripua, Assam.
West Bengal Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam.
Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram
Jammu and Kashmir (Pakistan-occupied area.)
COUNTRY-CURRENCY-CAPITAL
Sr. No.
Country
Currency
Capital
Afghanistan
Afghani
Kabul
Albania
Lek
Tirane
Algeria
Dinar
Algiers
Andorra
Euro
Andorra la Vella
Angola
New Kwanza
Luanda
Antigua and
Barbuda
EastCaribbeandollar
Saint John's
Argentina
Peso
Buenos Aires
Armenia
Dram
Yerevan
Australia
Australian dollar
Canberra
10
Austria
Euro
Vienna
11
Azerbaijan
Manat
Baku
12
The
Bahamas
Bahamian dollar
Nassau
13
Bahrain
Bahrain dinar
Manama
14
Bangladesh
Taka
Dhaka
15
Barbados
Barbados dollar
Bridgetown
16
Belarus
Belorussian ruble
Minsk
17
Belgium
Euro (formerly Belgian

franc)
Brussels
18
Belize
Belize dollar
Belmopan
19
Benin
CFA Franc
Porto-Novo
20
Bhutan
Ngultrum
Thimphu
21
Bolivia
Boliviano
La Paz
(administrative);
Sucre (judicial)
22
Bosnia and
Herzegovina
Marka
Sarajevo
117 | P a g e

23
Botswana
Pula
Gaborone
24
Brazil
Real
Brasilia
25
Brunei
Brunei dollar
Bandar Seri
Begawan
26
Bulgaria
Lev
Sofia
27
Burkina Faso
CFA Franc
Ouagadougou
28
Burundi
Burundi franc
Bujumbura
29
Cambodia
Riel
Phnom Penh
30
Cameroon
CFA Franc
Yaounde
31
Canada
Canadian dollar
Ottawa
32
Cape Verde
Cape Verdean escudo
Praia
33
CFA Franc
Bangui
34
Central
African
Republic
Chad
CFA Franc
N'Djamena
35
Chile
Chilean Peso
Santiago
36
China
Yuan/Renminbi
Beijing
37
Colombia
Colombian Peso
Bogota
38
Comoros
Franc
Moroni
39
CFA Franc
Brazzaville
Congolese franc
Kinshasa
41
Congo,
Republic of
the
Congo,
Democratic
Republic of
the
Costa Rica
Coln
San Jose
42
Cote d'Ivoire
CFA Franc
Yamoussoukro
(official); Abidjan
(de facto)
43
Croatia
Kuna
Zagreb
44
Cuba
Cuban Peso
Havana
45
Cyprus
Cyprus pound
Nicosia
46
Czech
Republic
Denmark
Koruna
Prague
Krone
Copenhagen
40
47
118 | P a g e

48
Djibouti
Djibouti franc
Djibouti
49
Dominica
EastCaribbeandollar
Roseau
50
Dominican
Republic
Dominican Peso
Santo Domingo
51
East Timor
(Timor-Leste)
U.S. dollar
Dili
52
Ecuador
U.S. dollar
Quito
53
Egypt
Egyptian pound
Cairo
54
El Salvador
Coln; U.S. dollar
San Salvador
55
Equatorial
Guinea
CFA Franc
Malabo
56
Eritrea
Nakfa
Asmara
57
Estonia
Kroon
Tallinn
58
Ethiopia
Birr
Addis Ababa
59
Fiji
Fiji dollar
Suva
60
Finland
Euro (formerly markka)
Helsinki
61
France
Euro (formerly French

franc)
Paris
62
Gabon
CFA Franc
Libreville
63
The Gambia
Dalasi
Banjul
64
Georgia
Lari
Tbilisi
65
Germany
Euro
(formerlyDeutschemark)
Berlin
66
Ghana
Cedi
Accra
67
Greece
Euro (formerly
drachma)
Athens
68
Grenada
EastCaribbeandollar
Saint George's
69
Guatemala
Quetzal
Guatemala City
70
Guinea
Guinean franc
Conakry
71
GuineaBissau
CFA Franc
Bissau
119 | P a g e

72
Guyana
Guyanese dollar
Georgetown
73
Haiti
Gourde
Port-au-Prince
74
Honduras
Lempira
Tegucigalpa
75
Hungary
Forint
Budapest
76
Iceland
Icelandic krna
Reykjavik
77
India
Rupee
New Delhi
78
Indonesia
Rupiah
Jakarta
79
Iran
Rial
Tehran
80
Iraq
Iraqi Dinar
Baghdad
81
Ireland
Euro (formerly Irish

pound [punt])
Dublin
82
Israel
Shekel
Jerusalem(#)
83
Italy
Euro (formerly known

as lira)
Rome
84
Jamaica
Jamaican dollar
Kingston
85
Japan
Yen
Tokyo
86
Jordan
Jordanian dinar
Amman
87
Kazakhstan
Tenge
Astana
88
Kenya
Kenya shilling
Nairobi
89
Kiribati
Australian dollar
Tarawa Atoll
90
North Korea
Won
Pyongyang
91
South Korea
Won
Seoul
92
Kosovo
Euro (German Mark

prior to 2002)
Pristina
93
Kuwait
Kuwaiti dinar
Kuwait City
94
Kyrgyzstan
Som
Bishkek
95
Laos
New Kip
Vientiane
96
Latvia
Lats
Riga
97
Lebanon
Lebanese pound
Beirut
98
Lesotho
Maluti
Maseru
99
Liberia
Liberian dollar
Monrovia
120 | P a g e

100
Libya
Libyan dinar
Tripoli
101
Liechtenstein
Swiss franc
Vaduz
102
Lithuania
Litas
Vilnius
103
Luxembourg
Euro (formerly
Luxembourg franc)
Luxembourg
104
Macedonia
Denar
Skopje
105
Madagascar
Malagasy franc
Antananarivo
106
Malawi
Kwacha
Lilongwe
107
Malaysia
Ringgit
Kuala Lumpur
108
Maldives
Rufiya
Male
109
Mali
CFA Franc
Bamako
110
Malta
Maltese lira
Valletta
111
U.S. Dollar
Majuro
112
Marshall
Islands
Mauritania
Ouguiya
Nouakchott
113
Mauritius
Mauritian rupee
Port Louis
114
Mexico
Mexican peso
Mexico City
115
Micronesia,
Federated
States of
U.S. Dollar
Palikir
116
Moldova
Leu
Chisinau
117
Monaco
Euro
Monaco
118
Mongolia
Tugrik
Ulaanbaatar
119
Montenegro
Euro
Podgorica
120
Morocco
Dirham
Rabat
121
Mozambique
Metical
Maputo
122
Myanmar
(Burma)
Kyat
Rangoon
(Yangon);
Naypyidaw or
Nay Pyi Taw
(administrative)
123
Namibia
Namibian dollar
Windhoek
124
Nauru
Australian dollar
no official capital;
government
offices in Yaren
District
121 | P a g e

125
Nepal
Nepalese rupee
Kathmandu
126
Netherlands
Euro (formerly guilder)
Amsterdam; The
Hague (seat of
government)
127
New Zealand
New Zealand dollar
Wellington
128
Nicaragua
Gold cordoba
Managua
129
Niger
CFA Franc
Niamey
130
Nigeria
Naira
Abuja
131
Norway
Norwegian krone
Oslo
132
Oman
Omani rial
Muscat
133
Pakistan
Pakistani rupee
Islamabad
134
Palau
U.S. dollar
Melekeok
135
Panama
balboa; U.S. dollar
Panama City
136
Papua New
Guinea
Kina
Port Moresby
137
Paraguay
Guaran
Asuncion
138
Peru
Nuevo sol (1991)
Lima
139
Philippines
Peso
Manila
140
Poland
Zloty
Warsaw
141
Portugal
Euro (formerly escudo)
Lisbon
142
Qatar
Qatari riyal
Doha
143
Romania
Leu
Bucharest
144
Russia
Ruble
Moscow
145
Rwanda
Rwanda franc
Kigali
146
Saint Kitts
and Nevis
EastCaribbeandollar
Basseterre
147
Saint Lucia
EastCaribbeandollar
Castries
148
Saint Vincent
and the
Grenadines
EastCaribbeandollar
Kingstown
149
Samoa
Tala
Apia
122 | P a g e

150
San Marino
Euro
San Marino
151
Sao Tome
and Principe
Dobra
Sao Tome
152
Saudi Arabia
Riyal
Riyadh
153
Senegal
CFA Franc
Dakar
154
Serbia
Yugoslav new dinar. In

Kosovo both the euro
and the Yugoslav dinar
are legal
Belgrade
155
Seychelles
Seychelles rupee
Victoria
156
Sierra Leone
Leone
Freetown
157
Singapore
Singapore dollar
Singapore
158
Slovakia
Koruna
Bratislava
159
Slovenia
Slovenian tolar; euro

(as of 1/1/07)
Ljubljana
160
Solomon
Islands
Solomon Islands dollar
Honiara
161
Somalia
Somali shilling
Mogadishu
162
South Africa
Rand
Pretoria
(administrative);
Cape Town
(legislative);
Bloemfontein
(judiciary)
163
South Sudan
Sudanese Pound
Juba
164
Spain
Euro (formerly peseta)
Madrid
165
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka rupee
Colombo; Sri
Jayewardenepura
Kotte (legislative)
166
Sudan
Dinar
Khartoum
167
Suriname
Surinamese dollar
Paramaribo
123 | P a g e

168
Swaziland
Lilangeni
Mbabane
169
Sweden
Krona
Stockholm
170
Switzerland
Swiss franc
Bern
171
Syria
Syrian pound
Damascus
172
Taiwan
Taiwan dollar
Taipei
173
Tajikistan
somoni
Dushanbe
174
Tanzania
Tanzanian shilling
Dar es Salaam;
Dodoma
(legislative)
175
Thailand
baht
Bangkok
176
Togo
CFA Franc
Lome
177
Tonga
Pa'anga
Nuku'alofa
178
Trinidad and
Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago

dollar
Port-of-Spain
179
Tunisia
Tunisian dinar
Tunis
180
Turkey
Turkish lira (YTL)
Ankara
181
Turkmenistan
Manat
Ashgabat
182
Tuvalu
Australian dollar
Vaiaku village,
Funafuti province
183
Uganda
Ugandan new shilling
Kampala
184
Ukraine
Hryvna
Kyiv
185
United Arab
Emirates
U.A.E. dirham
Abu Dhabi
186
United
Kingdom
Pound sterling
London
187
United States
of America
dollar
Washington D.C.
188
Uruguay
Uruguay peso
Montevideo
189
Uzbekistan
Uzbekistani sum
Tashkent
190
Vanuatu
Vatu
Port-Vila
191
Vatican City
(Holy See)
Euro
Vatican City
192
Venezuela
Bolivar
Caracas
193
Vietnam
Dong
Hanoi
194
Yemen
Rial
Sanaa
195
Zambia
Kwacha
Lusaka
124 | P a g e

196
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwean dollar
Harare
IMPORTANT DAYS AND DATES

january
January 1 - Global Family Day

January 15 - Army Day
January 23 - Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose's birth anniversary
January 26 - Republic Day
January 26 - International Customs day
January 28 - Birth anniversary of Lala Lajpat Rai
January 28 - Data Protection Day
January 30 - World Leprosy Eradication Day
February
March
April
May
February 4 - World Cancer Day

February 5 - Kashmir Day
February 6 - International Day against Female Genital Mutilation
February 12 - Darwin Day
February 12 - World Day of the Sick
February 14 - Valentines Day
February 20 - World Day of Social Justice
February 21 - International Mother Language Day
February 22 - World Scout Day
February 23 - World Peaces and Understanding Day
March 4 - World Day of the Fight Against Sexual Exploitation
March 8 - International Womens' Day
March 13 - World Kidney Day
March 13 - World Rotaract Day
March 15 - World Consumer Rights Day
March 20 - International Day of the Francophonie
March 20 - World Day of Theatre for Children and Young People
March 21 - World Sleep Day
March 21 - World Forestry Day
March 21 - International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination.
March 22 - World Water Day
March 23 - World Meteorological Day
March 24 - World TB Day
March 24 - International Day for Achievers
March 27 - World Drama Day
April 2 - World Austism Awareness Day
April 7 - World Health Day
April 17 - World Haemophilia Day
April 18 - World heritage Day
April 22 - Earth Day
April 23 - World Book and Copyright Day
April 25 - World Malaria Day
April 29 - International Dance Day
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May 1 - International Labour day

May 3 - Press Freedom Day
May 4 - Coal Miners day
May 8 - World Red Cross day
May 9 - - Victory Day
May 11 - National Technology Day
May 12 - International Nurses day
May 14 - World Migratory day
May 15 - International Day of the Family
May 17 - World Information Society Day
May 21 - Anti-Terrorism Day
May 31 - World No Tobacco Day
June
June 4 - International day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression
June 5 - World Environment Day
June 7 - International Level Crossing Awareness Day
June 8 - World oceans Day
June 12 - World Day against Child Labour
June 14 - World Blood Donor day
June 17 - World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought
June 20 - World Refugee Day
June 23 - United Nations Public Service Day
June 23 - International widow's day
June 26 - International Day against Drug Abuse and IIlicit Trafficking
June 27 - International Diabetes Day
July
July 1 - National doctor's Day
July 11 - World Population Day
July 12 - Malala Day
July 18 - Nelson Mandela International Day
July 28 - World Nature Conservation day
July 30 - International Day of Friendship
August
August 3 - Independence Day of Niger
August 5 - Independence Day of Upper Volta
August 9 - International day of the World's Indigenous People
August 12 - International Youth Day
August 15 - Independence Day (India )
August 23 - Internatinal Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition
August 29 - National Sports Day ( Birthday of Dhyan Chand )
September
September 5 - Teacher's Day (Dr. Radhakrishnan's Birth Day)

September 7 - Forgiveness Day
September 8 - International Literacy Day
September 14 - Hindi day,World First Aid Day
September 16 - World Ozone Day
September 21 - International Day of Peace, World Alzheimer's day
September 25 - Social Justice Day
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September 27 - World Tourism Day
October
October 1 - International Day of Older Persons

October 2 - International day of Non-Violence
October 3 - World Nature Day, World Habitat Day
October 4 - World Animal Day
October 5 - World Teacher's Day
October 8 - Indian Airforce Day
October 9 - World Post Day
October 11 - International Girl Child Day
October 12 - World Arthritis Day
October 14 - World Standards Day
October 15 - World Students Day
October 16 - World Food day
October 17 - International Day for the Eradication of Poverty
October 20 - World Statistics Day
October 24 - United Nations Day
October 31 - World Thrift Day
November
November 1 - world vegan Day
November 5 - World Radiography Day
November 9 - World Services Day
November 14 - Children's Day ( Birth Anniversary of Jawaharlal Nehru )
November 16 - International Day for Endurance
November 17 - International students Day
November 17 - National Journalism Day
November 18 - World Adult Day
November 19 - World Citizen Day
November 20 - Universal Children's Day
November 21 - World Television Day
November 21 - World Fisheries day
November 25 - World Non-veg Day
November 26 - Law Day
November 30 - Flag Day
December
December 1 - World AIDS Day

December 2 - World Computer Literacy Day
December 2 - International Day for the Abolition of Slavery
December 3 - International Day of People with Disability
December 3 - World Conservation Day
December 4 - Navy Day
December 5 - International Volunteer Day for Economic and Social Development
December 7 - International Civil Aviation Day
December 9 - The International Day Against Corruption
December 10 - International Day of Broadcasting
December 10 - Human Rights Day
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December 11 - International Mountain Day

December 14 - World Energy Day
December 18 - International Migrants Day
December 19 - Goa's Liberation Day
December 20 - International Human Solidarity Day
December 29 - International Biodiversity Day
CUPS AND TROPHIES(ASSOCIATED WITH SPORTS/GAMES)

Sport
Hockey
Football
Cricket
Table
Tennis
Badminton
Basketball
Bridge
Polo
Athletics
Air Racing
Billiards
Boxing
Golf
Chess
Horse
Racing
Netball
Rugby
Football
Shooting
Volleyball
Yatching
Cups and Trophies

Aga Khan Cup, Begam Rasul Trophy (women's), Maharaja Ranjit Singh Gold Cup, Lady
Ratan Tata Trophy (women's), Gurunanak Championship (women's), Dhyanchand
Trophy, Nehru Trophy, Sindhia Gold Cup, Murugappa Gold Cup, Wellington Cup etc
Beghum Hazarat Mahal Cup, BILT Cup, Bordoloi Trophy, Colombo Cup, Confederation
Cup, DCM Trophy, Durand Cup, Rovers Cup, BC Rai Trophy (National Championship),
FIFA World Cup, Jules Rimet Trophy, Kalinga Cup, Santosh Trophy (National
Championship), IFA Shield, Scissor Cup, Subroto Mukherjee Cup, Sir Ashutosh
Mukherjee Trophy, Todd Memorial Trophy, Vittal Trophy, etc.
Anthony D' Mellow Trophy, Ashes, Asia Cup, Benson and Hedges Cup, Bose Trophy,
Champions Trophy, Charminar Challenger Cup, CK Naidu Trophy, Cooch - Behar Trophy,
Deodhar Trophy, Duleep Trophy, Gavaskar - Border Trophy, GD Birla Trophy, Gillette
Cup, Ghulam Ahmand Trophy, Hakumat Rai Trophy, ICC World Cup, Irani Trophy,
Interface Cup, Jawaharlal Nehru Cup, Lomboard World Challenge Cup, Mc Dowells
Challenge Cup, Merchant Cup, Moin-ud-Dowla Cup, Nat West Trophy, Prudential Cup
(World Cup), Rani Jhansi Trophy, Ranji Trophy, Rohinton Baria Trophy, Rothmans Cup,
Sahara Cup, Sharjah Cup, Sheesh Mahal Trophy, Sheffield Shield, Singer Cup, Sir Frank
Worrel Trophy, Texaco Cup, Titan Cup, Vijay Hazare Trophy, Vijay Merchant Trophy,
Vizzy Trophy, Wisden Trophy, Wills Trophy, World Series Cup.
Berna Bellack Cup (men), Corbillion Cup (women), Jai Laxmi Cup (women), Rajkumari
Challenge Cup (women junior), Ramanuja Trophy (men junior), Travancore Cup
(women), Swathling Cup (men), etc
Aggarwal Cup, Amrit Diwan Cup, Asia Cup, Australasia Cup, Chaddha Cup, European
Cup, Harilela Cup, Ibrahim Rahimatollah Challenger Cup, Konica Cup, Narang Cup, SR
Ruia Cup, Sophia Cup, Kitiakara Cup, Thomas Cup, Tunku Abdulrahman Cup, Uber Cup,
World Cup, Yonex Cup etc
Basalat Jha Trophy, BC Gupta Trophy, Federation Cup, SM Arjuna Trophy, Todd
Memorial Trophy, William Jones Cup, Bangalore Blues Challenge Cup, Nehru Cup,
Federation Cup etc.
Basalat Jha Trophy, Holkar Trophy, Ruia Gold Cup, Singhania Trophy, etc
Ezra Cup, Gold Cup, King's Cup, Prithi Cup, Schneider Cup etc.
Charminar Trophy, Federation Cup etc
Jawaharlal Challenge Trophy, King's Cup, Schneider Cup etc
Arthur Walker Trophy, Thomas Cup etc
Aspy Adjahia Trophy, Federation Cup, Val Baker Trophy etc.
Canada Cup, Eisenhower Trophy, Muthiah Gold Cup, Nomura Trophy, President's
Trophy, Prince of Wales Cup, Ryder Cup, Solheim Cup, Topolino Trophy, Walker Cup,
World Cup etc
Naidu Trophy, Khaitan Trophy, Limca Trophy, Lin Arec City Trophy, World Cup, etc
Beresford Cup, Blue Raiband Cup, Derby, Grand National Cup etc.
Anantrao Pawar Trophy, etc
Bledisloe Cup, Calcutta Cup, Webb Ellis Trophy, etc
North Wales Cup, Welsh Grand Pix etc
Centennial Cup, Federation Cup, Indira Pradhan Trophy, Shivanthi Gold Cup, etc
America Cup, etc
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SPORTS --International & National Bodies

1.CRICKET_
ICC--international cricket council
BCCI-board of control for cricket india
2.HOCKEY_
FIH-federation of international hockey
HI-hockey india
3.BADMINTON_
BWF-badminton world federation
BAI-badminton association of india
4.FOOTBALL_
FIFA-federation international football association
AIFF-all india football federation
5.TENNIS_
WTA-women tennis association
ATP-association of tennis professionals
AITA-all india tennis association
6.OLYMPICS__
IOA-international olympics association
IOA-indian olympics association
7.ATHELITICS_
IAAF-International Association of Athletics Federation.
AFI-atheltics federation of india
SAI-sports authority of india
8.BOXING_
IBA-international boxing association
IBF-indian boxing federation
9.CHESS_
FIDE-federation international des echess
AICF-all india chess federation
Cricket Stadium--Location
Eden Gardens--Kolkata
Wankhede--Mumbai
Feroz Shah Kotla Ground--Delhi
M. Chinnaswamy Stadium--Bangalore, Karnataka
Keenan Stadium--Jamshedpur, Jharkhand
Moin-Ul-Haq Stadium--Patna, Bihar
Raipur International Cricket Stadium--Chhattisgarh
DY Patil Stadium--Navi Mumbai
Jawaharlal Nehru Internationl --Stadium
Kochi
Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium--Hyderabad
MCA Pune International Cricket Centre
--Pune
Sardar Patel Stadium--Gujarat
Municipal Corporation Stadium
--Kozhikode
M. A. Chidambaram Stadium--Chennai
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INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES
1. Line of Actual Control--India & China on the Northern Border
2. Line of Control--India and Pakistan
3. Durand Line--Afghanistan and Pakistan.
4. Radcliffe Line--India and Pakistan (its includes Banladesh Line)
5. Blue Line --Isreal & Lebanon
6. Purple Line -- Israel and Syria
7. Green Line --Israel and its neighbours (Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria)
8. MasonDixon line-- Maryland and Pennsylvania/Delaware in Colonial America
9. Curzon Line--Poland & Russia
10. Military Demarcation Line (MDL)--North Korea and South Korea.
11. Armistice Line--North Korea and South Korea.
12. McMohan Line--India & China
13. Maginot Line--France & Germany
14. Mannar haime line--Russia & Finland
15. Oder Nisse Line
--Germany & Poland( aftermath of World War II)
16. Hindenburg Line--Poland & Germany(at the time of First World War)
17. Sigfried Line--East France & Germany (at the time of second world war)
18. 16 Parallel North--Angola and Namibia
19. 17th Parallel Line--North & South Vietnam
20. 20 ParallelLine --Libya & Sudan
21. 22 Parallel Line --Egypt & Sudan
22. 25 Parallel Line --Mauritania & Mali
23. 26 Parallel Line--Western Sahara & Mauritania
24. 31 Parallel Line --Iraq & Iran
25. 35 Parallel Line --US it serves as border b/w Tennessee/Mississippi,
26. 36 Parallel Line--US it Forms forms the southernmost of the state of Missouri
27. 38 Parallel Line --North & South Korea
28. 40 Parallel Line--US it serves as border b/w Nebraska & Kansas
29. 41 Parallel Line-- US it forms the border b/w wyoming/utah border, Wyoming/colorado,
30. 42 Parallel Line--US it serves as border of new york & Pennsylvania Border
31. 43 Parallel Line-- US it serves as border of b/w State Nebraska & state of south Dakota
32. 45 Parallel Line--US it forms the boundary b/w Montana & wyoming
33. 49 Parallel Line-- USA & Canada
INDIAs MISSILES AND THEIR STRIKE RANGE
MISSILE NAME
STRIKE RANGE(km)
Prahaar
150
Prithvi-II
350
Dhanush
350
700
1,250 km
Agni-I
2,000 3,000 km[
Agni-II
3,500 5,000 km
Agni-III
3,000 4,000 km
Agni-IV
5,000 8,000 km
Agni-V
Akash
25
Astra
65
Brahmos
290
Nirbhay
1000
K-15
700
130 | P a g e

K-4
Shourya
Nag(Anti-tank missile)
3000
700
500m to 4 km
Important Awards and their Fields

Bharat Ratna It is the highest civilian award of the India. The award was given for
outstanding achievements in the arts, literature, science and public servicesbut the
government expanded the criteria to include any field of human endeavour. The
number of annual awards is restricted to a maximum of three in a particular year.
Padma Awards Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushanand Padma Shri awards are
forexceptional and distinguished service in any field including service rendered by
Government servants.
Gallantry Awards Param Vir Chakra (PVC), Ashok Chakra, Shaurya Chakra
are
given for appreciating the brave and gallant.

Nobel Prize The Nobel Prize is widely regarded as the most prestigious award available
in the fields of literature, medicine, physics, chemistry, peace, andeconomics.
Booker Prize Literature
It is an annual award for the best original novel, written in the English language, and
published in the UK literary award.
Vyas Samman Literature
Vyas Samman is awarded annually by the K.K. Birla Foundation in recognition of the Hindi
literary work published in past 10 years.
Moorti Devi Award Literature
The Moortidevi Award is an annual literary award in India presented by the Bharatiya
Jnanpith organization for a work which emphasizes Indian philosophy and culture.
Saraswati Samman Literature
The award was instituted in 1991 by the K. K. Birla Foundation. It is an annual award
given for outstanding prose or poetry literary works in any 22 Indian languages.
Jnanpith award Literature
The award was instituted in 1961 and it is It is presented by the Bharatiya Jnanpith, a
trust founded by the Sahu Jain family, the publishers of the newspaper The Times of
India. It is an annual award given for outstanding prose or poetry literary works in any 22
Indian languages.
Bihari Puraskar Literature
Bihari Puraskar is a literary award instituted by K. K. Birla Foundation. The award is
131 | P a g e
named after the famous Hindi poet Bihari and is awarded to an outstanding work
published in Hindi or Rajasthani by a Rajasthani writer.
The Oscar/Academy Awards Films
This is an annual American awards ceremony honoring cinematic achievements in the film
industry.
Dadasaheb Phalke AwardCinema/Films
The Dadasaheb Phalke Award is Indias highest award in cinema. It is presented annually
at the National Film Awards ceremony by the Directorate of Film Festivals, an organisation
set up by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.
Arjuna Award outstanding performance from the sports persons in sports and games.
The Government has modified the format of Arjuna Award very recently and as per the
revised schematic guidelines a sports person must have very good consistent
performances for the previous 3 years at the international level to be considered as
eligible for the Award.
Dronacharya Award Eminent coaches of any particular sport
The award is named after the very famous archery coach, mentioned in the epic of India
known as the Mahabharata. This very award is not related with the sports persons who
are still playing in the field; instead this is related to those eminent coaches of any
particular sport.
Dhyan Chand Award The award that is given to the veteran sports persons of India for
their lifetime achievement in their respective field of sport is named as the Dhyan Chand
Award for Life Time Achievement in Sports and Games.
Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award The Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna is the highest honour
bestowed to a sports person for his/her achievements in India.
Stirling Prize Architecture
The Royal Institute of British Architects Stirling Prize is a British prize for excellence in
architecture.
Aga Khan Award Architecture
The Aga Khan Award for Architecture (AKAA) is an architectural prize established by Aga
Khan IV in 1977. It aims to identify and reward architectural concepts that successfully
address the needs and aspirations of Islamic societies in the fields of contemporary
design, social housing, community development and improvement.
Pritzker Prize Architecture
The Pritzker Architecture Prize is awarded annually to honor a living architect.
Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Science & Technology
The Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology (SSB) is a science award
in India given annually by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) for
132 | P a g e
notable and outstanding research, applied or fundamental, in biology, chemistry,

environmental science, engineering, mathematics, medicine and Physics.
Kalinga Prize Science
The Kalinga Prize for the Popularization of Science is an award given by UNESCO for
exceptional skill in presenting scientific ideas to lay people.
Grammy AwardMusic
A Grammy Award, or Grammy, is an accolade by the National Academy of Recording Arts
and Sciences of the United States to recognize outstanding achievement in the music
industry.
Abel Prize Mathematics
The Abel Prize is an international prize awarded annually by the Government of Norway to
one or more outstanding mathematicians.
International Gandhi Peace Prize This award is given to individuals and institutions
for their contributions towards social, economic and political revolution through
non-violence and Gandhian philosophy. The award carries Rs. 10 million in cash.
Lal Bahadur Shastri National Award This is for Excellence in Public Administration,
Academics and Management.
Green Star Awards The Green Star Awards recognize those who have made
extraordinary efforts to respond to environmental disastersaround the world.
Magsaysay Award Public Service, Leadership, Journalism, Literature,creative
artsand international understanding.
Pulitzer Prize The Pulitzer Prize is an award for achievements
in newspaperand online journalism, literature, and musical composition in the
United States.
Sahitya Akademi Award Books in Indian Languages and English.
Manthan Award It is an initiative in India to recognize the best practices in e-Content
and Creativity.
FiFi Awards The FiFi Awards honor the fragrance industrys creative achievements.
Sangeet-Natak Akademi Award Music, dance and Drama.
BAFTA Awards Television, Films, Video Games andAnimation.
Important Temples in india
Vaishno Devi Katra, Jammu & Kashmir
Golden Temple Amritsar, Punjab
Tirupati Balaji (Tirumala Venkateswara Temple) Chittor, Andhra Pradesh
Lotus Temple New Delhi
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Rameshwaram (Ramanathaswamy Temple) Rameswaram, Ramanathapuram,

Tamil Nadu.
Kedarnath Temple Kedarnath, Uttarakhand
Siddhivinayak Mumbai, Maharashtra
Somnath Temple Gujarat
Padmanabhaswamy Temple Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
Badrinath Temple Uttarakhand
Amarnath Temple Jammu and Kashmir
Meenakshi Temple Madurai, Tamil Nadu
Mahakaleshwar Temple Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh
Kamakhya Temple Guwahati, Assam
Bhimashankar Temple Pune, Maharashtra.
Kashi Vishwanath Temple Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
Triambakeshwar Temple Nashik, Maharashtra
Jagannath Temple Puri, Odisha
Iskcon Temple, Bengaluru, Karnataka
Shani Shingnapur Nevasa, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra
Belur Math Belur, Howrah, West Bengal
Khajuraho Temples Chhatarpur, Madhya Pradesh
Omkareshwar Mandhata, Madhya Pradesh
Shirdi Sai Baba Shirdi, Maharashtra
Konark Sun Temple Konark, Odisha
Sanchi Stupa Sanchi, Raisen, Madhya Pradesh
Swaminarayan Temple Bhuleswar, Mumbai, Maharashtra
Sharavanbelagola Hassan, Karnataka
Mookambika Temple Udupi, Kollur, Karnataka
Lingaraj Temple Bhubaneshwar, Odisha
Birla Mandir Karol Bagh, New Delhi
Iskcon Temple, Delhi
Hare Krishna Hills, East of Kailash, New Delhi
Kumbakonam Temples Kumbakonam, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu
Virupaksha Temple Hampi, Karnataka
Kanchi Kailasanathar Temple Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu
Brihadeshwara Temple Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu
Dwarkadhish Temple, Gujarat Dwarka, Gujarat
Thiruchendur Murugan Temple Thiruchendur, Tamil Nadu
Akshardham Temple New Delhi
Mahalaxmi Temple Kolhapur, Maharashtra

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Mallikarjuna Temple Srisailam, Andhra Pradesh
Dwarkadhish Temple, Mathura Mathura, Uttar Pradesh
Palani Murugan Temple Palani, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu
Iskcon Temple, Pune Pune, Maharashtra
Ekambareswarar Temple Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu
Baidyanath Temple Deoghar, Jharkhand
Sharda Temple Maihar, Satna, Madhya
Pradesh Ranakpur Temple Rankpur, Rajasthan
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