Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________

ID: A

AP Chapter 9 Study Questions

True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
1. Possible shapes of AB3 molecules are linear,
trigonal planar, and T-shaped.

5. XeF4 is a polar molecule.

6. Hybridization is the process of mixing atomic
orbitals as atoms approach each other to form a
bond.

2. Boron trifluoride has three bonding domains and its

electron domain geometry is trigonal planar.
3. Electron domains for single bonds exert greater
force on adjacent domains than the electron
domains for multiple bonds.

7. Electrons in core orbitals contribute to atom

bonding.
8. Nitrogen is colorless because the minimum energy
to excite an electron is in the ultraviolet section of
the spectrum.

4. The quantitative amount of charge separation in a

diatomic molecule contributes to the dipole
moment of that molecule.

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
9. For a molecule with the formula AB2 the molecular
shape is __________.
a. linear or bent b. linear or trigonal planar
c. linear or T-shaped d. T-shaped e. trigonal
planar

12. The electron-domain geometry and molecular

geometry of iodine trichloride are __________ and
__________, respectively.
a. trigonal bipyramidal, trigonal planar
b. tetrahedral, trigonal pyramidal c. trigonal
bipyramidal, T-shaped d. octahedral, trigonal
planar e. T-shaped, trigonal planar

10. According to VSEPR theory, if there are five

electron domains in the valence shell of an atom,
they will be arranged in a(n) __________
geometry.
a. octahedral b. linear c. tetrahedral
d. trigonal planar e. trigonal bipyramidal

13. The molecular geometry of __________ is square

planar.
a. CCl4 b. XeF4 c. PH3 d. XeF2 e. ICl3
14. The molecular geometry of the CS2 molecule is
__________.
a. linear b. bent c. tetrahedral d. trigonal
planar e. T-shaped

11. According to VSEPR theory, if there are four

electron domains in the valence shell of an atom,
they will be arranged in a(n) __________
geometry.
a. octahedral b. linear c. tetrahedral
d. trigonal planar e. trigonal bipyramidal

15. The molecular geometry of the SiH2Cl2 molecule is

__________.
a. trigonal planar b. tetrahedral c. trigonal
pyramidal d. octahedral e. T-shaped

Name: ________________________

ID: A

16. The molecular geometry of the PHCl2 molecule is

__________.
a. bent b. trigonal planar c. trigonal pyramidal
d. tetrahedral e. T-shaped

26. According to valence bond theory, which orbitals

on bromine atoms overlap in the formation of the
bond in Br2?
a. 3s b. 3p c. 4s d. 4p e. 3d

17. The molecular geometry of the CHCl3 molecule is

__________.
a. bent b. trigonal planar c. trigonal pyramidal
d. tetrahedral e. T-shaped

27. The electron-domain geometry of a sulfur-centered

compound is trigonal bipyramidal. The
hybridization of the central nitrogen atom is
__________.
a. sp b. sp2 c. sp3 d. sp3d e. sp3d2

18. The molecular geometry of the SF2 molecule is

__________.
a. linear b. bent c. trigonal planar
d. tetrahedral e. octahedral

28. The hybridization of orbitals on the central atom in

a molecule is sp. The electron-domain geometry
around this central atom is __________.
a. octahedral b. linear c. trigonal planar
d. trigonal bipyramidal e. tetrahedral

19. The molecular geometry of the PF4+ ion is

__________.
a. octahedral b. tetrahedral c. trigonal
pyramidal d. trigonal planar e. trigonal
bipyramidal

29. The hybridization of orbitals on the central atom in

a molecule is sp2. The electron-domain geometry
about this central atom is __________.
a. octahedral b. linear c. trigonal planar
d. trigonal bipyramidal e. tetrahedral

20. The F-B-F bond angle in the BF2- ion is

approximately __________.
a. 90 b. 109.5 c. 120 d. 180 e. 60

30. The hybridization of the carbon atom in carbon

dioxide is __________.
a. sp b. sp2 c. sp3 d. sp3d e. sp3d2

21. The Cl-Si-Cl bond angle in the SiCl2F2 molecule is

approximately __________.
a. 90 b. 109.5 c. 120 d. 180 e. 60

31. The hybridization of the central atom in the XeF4

molecule is __________.
a. sp b. sp2 c. sp3 d. sp3d e. sp3d2

22. The F-B-F bond angle in the BF3 molecule is

__________.
a. 90 b. 109.5 c. 120 d. 180 e. 60

32. The electron-domain geometry of the AsF6- ion is

octahedral. The hybrid orbitals used by the As
atom for bonding are __________ orbitals.
a. sp2d2 b. sp3 c. sp3d d. sp3d2 e. sp2

23. The O-S-O bond angle in SO2 is slightly less than

__________.
a. 90 b. 109.5 c. 120 d. 180 e. 60

33. In order to produce sp3 hybrid orbitals, __________

s atomic orbital(s) and __________ p atomic
orbital(s) must be mixed.
a. one, two b. one, three c. one, one d. two,
two e. two, three

24. The F-N-F bond angle in the NF3 molecule is

slightly less than __________.
a. 90 b. 109.5 c. 120 d. 180 e. 60
25. The molecular geometry of the H3O+ ion is
__________.
a. linear b. tetrahedral c. bent d. trigonal
pyramidal e. octahedral

34. The angles between sp2 orbitals are __________.

a. 45 b. 180 c. 90 d. 109.5 e. 120

Name: ________________________

ID: A

35. There are __________ and __________ bonds

in the HCCH molecule.
a. 3 and 2 b. 3 and 4 c. 4 and 3 d. 2 and 3
e. 5 and 0

40. There is/are __________ bond(s) in the molecule

below.

36. There are __________ and __________ bonds

in the H2C=C=CH2 molecule.
a. 4, 2 b. 6, 4 c. 2, 2 d. 2, 6 e. 6, 2
a. 7 b. 6 c. 2 d. 1 e. 0

37. The total number of bonds in the

HCCCCCN molecule is __________.
a. 3 b. 4 c. 6 d. 9 e. 12

41. The Lewis structure of carbon monoxide is given

below. The hybridizations of the carbon and
oxygen atoms in carbon monoxide are __________
and __________, respectively.

38. There is/are __________ bond(s) in the molecule

below.

:CO:
a. sp, sp3 b. sp2, sp3 c. sp3, sp2 d. sp, sp
e. sp2, sp2
42. The basis of the VSEPR model of molecular
bonding is __________.
a. regions of electron density on an atom will
organize themselves so as to maximize s-character
b. regions of electron density in the valence shell
of an atom will arrange themselves so as to
maximize overlap c. atomic orbitals of the
bonding atoms must overlap for a bond to form
d. electron domains in the valence shell of an atom
will arrange themselves so as to minimize
repulsions e. hybrid orbitals will form as
necessary to, as closely as possible, achieve
spherical symmetry

a. 1 b. 2 c. 12 d. 13 e. 18
39. There is/are __________ bond(s) in the molecule
below.

43. According to VSEPR theory, if there are three

electron domains in the valence shell of an atom,
they will be arranged in a(n) __________
geometry.
a. octahedral b. linear c. tetrahedral
d. trigonal planar e. trigonal bipyramidal

a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 4 e. 16

44. ClF3 has "T-shaped" geometry. There are

__________ non-bonding domains in this
molecule.
a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3 e. 4

Name: ________________________

ID: A
52. The molecular geometry of the right-most carbon in
the molecule below is __________.

45. The electron domain and molecular geometry of

BrO2- is _________.
a. tetrahedral, trigonal planar b. trigonal planar,
trigonal planar c. trigonal pyramidal, linear
d. tetrahedral, bent e. trigonal pyramidal, seesaw
46. In counting the electron domains around the central
atom in VSEPR theory, a __________ is not
included.
a. nonbonding pair of electrons b. single
covalent bond c. core level electron pair
d. double covalent bond e. triple covalent bond

a. trigonal planar b. trigonal bipyramidal

c. tetrahedral d. octahedral e. T-shaped
53. The bond angles marked a, b, and c in the molecule
below are about __________, __________, and
__________, respectively.

47. The electron-domain geometry of __________ is

tetrahedral.
a. CBr4 b. PH3 c. CCl2Br2 d. XeF4 e. all of
the above except XeF4
48. The O-C-O bond angle in the CO32- ion is
approximately __________.
a. 90 b. 109.5 c. 120 d. 180 e. 60

a. 90, 90, 90 b. 120, 120, 90 c. 120,

120, 109.5 d. 109.5, 120, 109.5 e. 109.5,
90, 120

49. Of the following species, __________ will have

bond angles of 120.
a. PH3 b. ClF3 c. NCl3 d. BCl3 e. All of these
will have bond angles of 120.

54. The bond angles marked a, b, and c in the molecule

below are about __________, __________, and
__________, respectively.

50. The molecular geometry of the BrO3- ion is

__________.
a. trigonal pyramidal b. trigonal planar c. bent
d. tetrahedral e. T-shaped
51. The molecular geometry of the left-most carbon
atom in the molecule below is __________.

a. 109.5, 109.5, 109.5 b. 120, 109.5, 120

c. 109.5, 109.5, 120 d. 90, 180, 90
e. 109.5, 109.5, 90

a. trigonal planar b. trigonal bipyramidal

c. tetrahedral d. octahedral e. T-shaped

Name: ________________________

ID: A
62. According to VSEPR theory, if there are two
electron domains on a central atom, they will be
arranged such that the angles between the domains
are __________.
a. 360 b. 120 c. 109.5 d. 180 e. 90

55. The bond angle marked a in the following molecule

is about __________.

63. The electron-domain geometry and the molecular

geometry of a molecule of the general formula ABn
are __________.
a. never the same b. always the same
c. sometimes the same d. not related e. mirror
images of one another

a. 90 b. 109.5 c. 120 d. 180 e. 60

56. The central iodine atom in the ICl4- ion has
__________ nonbonded electron pairs and
__________ bonded electron pairs in its valence
shell.
a. 2, 2 b. 3, 4 c. 1, 3 d. 3, 2 e. 2, 4

64. The electron-domain geometry and the molecular

geometry of a molecule of the general formula ABn
will always be the same if __________.
a. there are no lone pairs on the central atom
b. there is more than one central atom c. n is
greater than four d. n is less than four e. the
octet rule is obeyed

57. The central iodine atom in IF5 has __________

unbonded electron pairs and __________ bonded
electron pairs in its valence shell.
a. 1, 5 b. 0, 5 c. 5, 1 d. 4, 1 e. 1, 4

65. The bond angles in a trigonal planar molecule are

__________ degrees.
a. 120 b. 109.5 c. 90 d. 45 e. < 45

58. The central Xe atom in the XeF4 molecule has

__________ unbonded electron pairs and
__________ bonded electron pairs in its valence
shell.
a. 1, 4 b. 2, 4 c. 4, 0 d. 4, 1 e. 4, 2

66. A molecule has the formula AB3 and the central

atom is in a different plane from the surrounding
three atoms. Its molecular shape is __________.
a. tetrahedral b. trigonal pyramidal c. linear
d. T-shaped e. bent

59. An electron domain consists of __________.

a) a nonbonding pair of electrons
b) a single bond
c) a multiple bond

67. PCl5 has __________ electron domains and a

__________ molecular arrangement.
a. 6, trigonal bipyramidal b. 6, tetrahedral
c. 5, square pyramidal d. 5, trigonal bipyramidal
e. 6, seesaw

a. a only b. b only c. c only d. a, b, and c

e. b and c
60. According to VSEPR theory, if there are three
electron domains on a central atom, they will be
arranged such that the angles between the domains
are __________.
a. 90 b. 180 c. 109.5 d. 360 e. 120

68. For molecules of the general formula ABn, n can be

greater than four __________.
a. for any element A b. only when A is an
element from the third period or below the third
period c. only when A is boron or beryllium
d. only when A is carbon e. only when A is Xe

61. According to VSEPR theory, if there are four

electron domains on a central atom, they will be
arranged such that the angles between the domains
are __________.
a. 120 b. 109.5 c. 180 d. 360 e. 90

Name: ________________________

ID: A

69. Consider the following species when answering the following questions:
(i) PCl3

(ii) CCl4

(iii) TeCl4

(iv) XeF4

(v) SF6

For which of the molecules is the molecular geometry (shape) the same as the VSEPR electron domain
arrangement (electron domain geometry)?
a. (i) and (ii) b. (i) and (iii) c. (ii) and (v) d. (iv) and (v) e. (v) only
70. Of the molecules below, only __________ is polar.
a. SbF5 b. AsH3 c. I2 d. SF6 e. CH4

77. Of the following molecules, only __________ is

polar.
a. BeCl2 b. BF3 c. CBr4 d. SiH2Cl2 e. Cl2

71. Of the molecules below, only __________ is

nonpolar.
a. CO2 b. H2O c. NH3 d. HCl e. TeCl2

78. Of the following molecules, only __________ is

polar.
a. CCl4 b. BCl3 c. NCl3 d. BeCl2 e. Cl2

72. Of the molecules below, only __________ is polar.

a. CCl4 b. CH4 c. SeF4 d. SiCl4

79. For molecules with only one central atom, how

many lone pairs on the central atom guarantees
molecular polarity?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 1 or 2 d. 3 e. 1 or 3

73. Of the molecules below, only __________ is

nonpolar.
a. BF3 b. NF3 c. IF3 d. PBr3 e. BrCl3

80. The molecular geometry of the CHF3 molecule is

__________, and the molecule is __________.
a. trigonal pyramidal, polar b. tetrahedral,
nonpolar c. seesaw, nonpolar d. tetrahedral,
polar e. seesaw, polar

74. Three monosulfur fluorides are observed: SF2, SF4,

and SF6. Of these, __________ is/are polar.
a. SF2 only b. SF2 and SF4 only c. SF4 only
d. SF6 only e. SF2, SF4, and SF6

81. The molecular geometry of the BCl3 molecule is

__________, and this molecule is __________.
a. trigonal pyramidal, polar b. trigonal
pyramidal, nonpolar c. trigonal planar, polar
d. trigonal planar, nonpolar e. trigonal
bipyramidal, polar

75. The molecular geometry of the BeCl2 molecule is

__________, and this molecule is __________.
a. linear, nonpolar b. linear, polar c. bent,
nonpolar d. bent, polar e. trigonal planar, polar
76. The molecular geometry of the PF3 molecule is
__________, and this molecule is __________.
a. trigonal planar, polar b. trigonal planar,
nonpolar c. trigonal pyramidal, polar
d. trigonal pyramidal, nonpolar e. tetrahedral,
unipolar

82. According to valence bond theory, which orbitals

overlap in the formation of the bond in HBr?
a. 1s on H and 4p on Br b. 1s on H and 4s on Br
c. 1s on H and 3p on Br d. 2s on H and 4p on Br
e. 2s on H and 3p on Br

83. Consider the following species when answering the following questions:
(i) PCl3

(ii) CCl4

(iii) TeCl4

(iv) XeF4

(v) SF6

Which of the molecules has a see-saw shape?

a. (i) b. (ii) c. (iii) d. (iv) e. (v)

Name: ________________________

ID: A
92. The hybridizations of bromine in BrF5 and of
arsenic in AsF5 are __________ and __________,
respectively.
a. sp3, sp3d b. sp3d, sp3d2 c. sp3d, sp3 d. sp3d2,
sp3d e. sp3d2, sp3d2

84. The combination of two atomic orbitals results in

the formation of __________ molecular orbitals.
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 0
85. The electron-domain geometry of a
carbon-centered compound is tetrahedral. The
hybridization of the central carbon atom is
__________.
a. sp b. sp2 c. sp3 d. sp3d e. sp3d2

93. The hybrid orbitals used for bonding by the sulfur

atom in the SF4 molecule are __________ orbitals.
a. sp b. sp2 c. sp3 d. sp3d e. sp3d2

86. Of the following, only __________ has sp2

hybridization of the central atom.
a. PH3 b. CO32- c. ICl3 d. I3- e. PF5

94. The hybrid orbitals used for bonding by Xe in the

unstable XeF2 molecule are __________ orbitals.
a. sp2 b. sp3 c. sp3d d. sp3d2 e. sp

87. Of the following, the central atom is sp3d2

hybridized only in __________.
a. PCl5 b. XeF4 c. PH3 d. Br3- e. BeF2

95. The hybridization scheme for BeF2 is __________.

a. sp b. sp2 c. sp3 d. sp3d e. sp3d2
96. The hybridization of the oxygen atom labeled y in
the structure below is __________. The C-O-H
bond angle is __________.

88. The sp3d2 atomic hybrid orbital set accommodates

__________ electron domains.
a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 e. 6
89. The sp2 atomic hybrid orbital set accommodates
__________ electron domains.
a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 e. 6
90. The hybridizations of nitrogen in NF3 and NH3 are
__________ and __________, respectively.
a. sp2, sp2 b. sp, sp3 c. sp3, sp d. sp3, sp3
e. sp2, sp3

a. sp, 180 b. sp2, 109.5 c. sp3, 109.5

d. sp3d2, 90 e. sp, 90

91. The hybridizations of iodine in IF3 and IF5 are

__________ and __________, respectively.
a. sp3, sp3d b. sp3d, sp3d2 c. sp3d, sp3 d. sp3d2,
sp3d e. sp3d2, sp3d2

97. The electron-domain geometry of the AsF5

molecule is trigonal bipyramidal. The hybrid
orbitals used by the As atom for bonding are
__________ orbitals.
a. sp2d2 b. sp3 c. sp3d2 d. sp3d e. sp2
98. __________ hybrid orbitals are used for bonding
by Xe in the XeF4 molecule.
a. sp2 b. sp3 c. sp3d d. sp3d2 e. sp

Name: ________________________

ID: A

Consider the following species when answering the following questions:

(i) PCl3

(ii) CCl4

(iii) TeCl4

(iv) XeF4

(v) SF6

99. In which of the molecules does the central atom

utilize d orbitals to form hybrid orbitals?
a. (i) and (ii) b. (iii) only c. (i) and (v)
d. (iii), (iv), and (v) e. (v) only

107. A typical triple bond __________.

a. consists of one bond and two bonds
b. consists of three shared electrons c. consists
of two bonds and one bond d. consists of six
shared electron pairs e. is longer than a single
bond

100. In which of the molecules is the central atom

hybridized?
a. (i) and (ii) b. (iii) only c. (iii) and (iv)
d. (iv) and (v) e. (v) only

108. In a polyatomic molecule, "localized" bonding

electrons are associated with __________.
a. one particular atom b. two particular atoms
c. all of the atoms in the molecule d. all of the
bonds in the molecule e. two or more bonds in
the molecule

101. There are __________ unhybridized p atomic

orbitals in an sp-hybridized carbon atom.
a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3 e. 4

109. There are __________ bonds and __________

bonds in H3C-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CCH.
a. 14, 2 b. 10, 3 c. 12, 2 d. 13, 2 e. 16, 3

102. When three atomic orbitals are mixed to form

hybrid orbitals, how many hybrid orbitals are
formed?
a. one b. six c. three d. four e. five

110. Which of the following molecules or ions will

exhibit delocalized bonding?

103. The blending of one s atomic orbital and two p

atomic orbitals produces __________.
a. three sp hybrid orbitals b. two sp2 hybrid
orbitals c. three sp3 hybrid orbitals d. two sp3
hybrid orbitals e. three sp2 hybrid orbitals

SO2

SO3

SO32

a. SO2, SO3, and SO32- b. SO32- only c. SO2

and SO3 d. SO3 and SO32- e. None of the above
will exhibit delocalized bonding.

104. A triatomic molecule cannot be linear if the

hybridization of the central atoms is __________.
a. sp b. sp2 c. sp3 d. sp2 or sp3 e. sp2d or
sp3d2

111. Which of the following molecules or ions will

exhibit delocalized bonding?

105. Valence bond theory does not address the issue of

__________.
a. excited states of molecules b. molecular shape
c. covalent bonding d. hybridization
e. multiple bonds

NO2

NH4+

N3

a. NH4+ and N3- b. NO2- only c. NO2-, NH4+,

and N3- d. N3- only e. NO2- and N3112. In order to exhibit delocalized bonding, a
molecule must have __________.
a. at least two bonds b. at least two resonance
structures c. at least three bonds d. at least
four atoms e. trigonal planar electron domain
geometry

106. A typical double bond __________.

a. is stronger and shorter than a single bond
b. consists of one bond and one bond
c. imparts rigidity to a molecule d. consists of
two shared electron pairs e. All of the above
answers are correct.

Name: ________________________

ID: A
120. The hybridization of the carbon atom labeled x in
the molecule below is __________.

113. In a typical multiple bond, the bond results from

overlap of __________ orbitals and the bond(s)
result from overlap of __________ orbitals.
a. hybrid, atomic b. hybrid, hybrid c. atomic,
hybrid d. hybrid, hybrid or atomic e. hybrid or
atomic, hybrid or atomic
114. The carbon-carbon bond in ethylene, H2C=CH2,
results from the overlap of __________.
a. sp hybrid orbitals b. sp3 hybrid orbitals
c. sp2 hybrid orbitals d. s atomic orbitals e. p
atomic orbitals

a. sp b. sp2 c. sp3 d. sp3d e. sp3d2

121. The hybridization of the oxygen atom labeled x in
the structure below is __________.

115. The bond in ethylene, H2C=CH2, results from the

overlap of __________.
a. sp3 hybrid orbitals b. s atomic orbitals c. sp
hybrid orbitals d. sp2 hybrid orbitals e. p
atomic orbitals
116. A typical triple bond consists of __________.
a. three sigma bonds b. three pi bonds c. one
sigma and two pi bonds d. two sigma and one pi
bond e. three ionic bonds

a. sp b. sp2 c. sp3 d. sp3d e. sp3d2

122. The Lewis structure of carbon dioxide is given
below. The hybridization of the carbon atom in
carbon dioxide is __________.

117. The N-N bond in HNNH consists of __________.

a. one bond and one bond b. one bond and
two bonds c. two bonds and one bond
d. two bonds and two bonds e. one bond
and no bonds

a. sp3 b. sp2 c. sp d. sp2d e. sp2d2

118. The hybridization of the terminal carbons in the

H2C=C=CH2 molecule is __________.
a. sp b. sp2 c. sp3 d. sp3d e. sp3d2

123. Electrons in __________ bonds remain localized

between two atoms. Electrons in __________
bonds can become delocalized between more than
two atoms.
a. pi, sigma b. sigma, pi c. pi, pi d. sigma,
sigma e. ionic, sigma

119. The hybridization of nitrogen in the HCN:

molecule is __________.
a. sp b. s2p c. s3p d. sp2 e. sp3

124. Structural changes around a double bond in the

__________ portion of the rhodopsin molecule
trigger the chemical reactions that result in vision.
a. protein b. opsin c. retinal d. cones
e. rods

Name: ________________________

ID: A

125. The bond order of any molecule containing equal

numbers of bonding and antibonding electrons is
__________.
a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3 e. 1/2

133. Molecular Orbital theory correctly predicts

paramagnetism of oxygen gas, O2. This is because
__________.
a. the bond order in O2 can be shown to be equal
to 2. b. there are more electrons in the bonding
orbitals than in the antibonding orbitals. c. the
energy of the 2p MOs is higher than that of the 2p
MO d. there are two unpaired electrons in the
MO electron configuration of O2 e. the OO
bond distance is relatively short

126. In comparing the same two atoms bonded together,

the __________ the bond order, the __________
the bond length, and the __________ the bond
energy.
a. greater, shorter, greater b. greater, greater,
greater c. greater, longer, greater d. greater,
greater, smaller e. smaller, greater, greater

134. Molecular Orbital theory correctly predicts

diamagnetism of fluorine gas, F2. This is because
__________.
a. the bond order in F2 can be shown to be equal to
1. b. there are more electrons in the bonding
orbitals than in the antibonding orbitals. c. all
electrons in the MO electron configuration of F2
are paired. d. the energy of the 2p MOs is higher
than that of the 2p MO e. the FF bond enthalpy
is very low

127. In molecular orbital theory, the 1s orbital is

__________ and the 1s* orbital is __________ in
the H2 molecule.
a. filled, filled b. filled, empty c. filled,
half-filled d. half-filled, filled e. empty, filled
128. Based on molecular orbital theory, the bond orders
of the HH bonds in H2, H2+, and H2- are
__________, respectively
a. 1, 0, and 0 b. 1, 1/2, and 0 c. 1, 0, and 1/2
d. 1, 1/2, and 1/2 e. 1, 2, and 0

135. Based on molecular orbital theory, the only

molecule in the list below that has unpaired
electrons is __________.
a. C2 b. N2 c. F2 d. O2 e. Li2

129. Based on molecular orbital theory, the bond order

of the HH bond in the H2+ ion is __________.
a. 0 b. 1/2 c. 1 d. 3/2 e. 2

136. Based on molecular orbital theory, there are

__________ unpaired electrons in the OF+ ion.
a. 0 b. 3 c. 1 d. 2 e. 1/2

130. An antibonding orbital contains a maximum of

__________ electrons.
a. 1 b. 2 c. 4 d. 6 e. 8

137. Based on molecular orbital theory, the bond order

of the NN bond in the N2 molecule is
__________.
a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3 e. 5

131. According to MO theory, overlap of two s atomic

orbitals produces __________.
a. one bonding molecular orbital and one hybrid
orbital b. two bonding molecular orbitals
c. two bonding molecular orbitals and two
antibonding molecular orbitals d. two bonding
molecular orbitals and one antibonding molecular
orbital e. one bonding molecular orbital and one
antibonding molecular orbital

138. Based on molecular orbital theory, the bond order

of the NN bond in the N22+ ion is __________.
a. 0 b. 3 c. 1 d. 2 e. 1/2
139. Based on molecular orbital theory, the bond order
of the BeBe bond in the Be2 molecule is
__________.
a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3 e. 4

132. A molecular orbital can accommodate a maximum

of __________ electron(s).
a. one b. two c. four d. six e. twelve

10

Name: ________________________

ID: A

140. Based on molecular orbital theory, the bond order

of the CC bond in the C2 molecule is __________.
a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3 e. 4

146. The more effectively two atomic orbitals overlap,

__________.
a. the more bonding MOs will be produced by the
combination b. the higher will be the energy of
the resulting bonding MO and the lower will be the
energy of the resulting antibonding MO c. the
higher will be the energies of both bonding and
antibonding MOs that result d. the fewer
antibonding MOs will be produced by the
combination e. the lower will be the energy of
the resulting bonding MO and the higher will be
the energy of the resulting antibonding MO

141. Of the following, only __________ appears to gain

mass in a magnetic field.
a. C2 b. N2 c. F2 d. O2 e. Li2
142. Of the following, __________ appear(s) to gain
mass in a magnetic field.
B2 N2 O2

147. The bond order of a homonuclear diatomic

molecule can be decreased by __________.
a. removing electrons from a bonding MO or
adding electrons to an antibonding MO b. adding
electrons to a bonding MO or removing electrons
from an antibonding MO c. adding electrons to
any MO d. removing electrons from any MO
e. The bond order of a homonuclear diatomic
molecule cannot be decreased by any means.

a. O2 only b. N2 only c. B2 and N2 d. N2 and

O2 e. B2 and O2
143. According to MO theory, overlap of two p atomic
orbitals produces __________.
a. two bonding molecular orbitals b. one
bonding molecular orbital and one antibonding
molecular orbital c. two bonding molecular
orbitals and two antibonding molecular orbitals
d. two bonding molecular orbitals and one
antibonding molecular orbital e. three bonding
molecular orbitals and three antibonding molecular
orbitals

148. The order of MO energies in B2, C2, and N2 (2p >

2p), is different from the order in O2, F2, and Ne2
This is due to __________.
a. less effective overlap of p orbitals in O2, F2, and
Ne2 b. the more metallic character of boron,
carbon and nitrogen as compared to oxygen,
fluorine, and neon c. greater 2s-2p interaction in
O2, F2, and Ne2 d. greater 2s-2p interaction in B2,
C2, and N2 e. less effective overlap of p orbitals in
B2, C2, and N2

144. According to MO theory, overlap of two p atomic

orbitals produces __________.
a. one MO and one * MO b. one MO and
one MO c. one MO and one * MO or one
MO and one * MO d. one + MO and one *
MO e. two MOs, two + MOs, one MO, and
one * MO

149. Using the VSEPR model, the electron-domain

geometry of the central atom in BF3 is __________.
a. linear b. trigonal planar c. tetrahedral
d. trigonal bipyramidal e. octahedral

145. An antibonding MO __________ the

corresponding bonding MO.
a. is always lower in energy than b. can
accommodate more electrons than c. can
accommodate fewer electrons than d. is always
higher in energy than e. is always degenerate
with

150. Using the VSEPR model, the electron-domain

geometry of the central atom in SF2 is __________.
a. linear b. trigonal planar c. tetrahedral
d. trigonal bipyramidal e. octahedral

11

Name: ________________________

ID: A
156. Using the VSEPR model, the molecular geometry
of the central atom in SO2 is __________.
a. linear b. trigonal planar c. tetrahedral
d. bent e. trigonal pyramidal

151. Using the VSEPR model, the electron-domain

geometry of the central atom in ClF3 is
__________.
a. linear b. trigonal planar c. tetrahedral
d. trigonal bipyramidal e. octahedral

157. Using the VSEPR model, the molecular geometry

of the central atom in NCl3 is __________.
a. linear b. trigonal planar c. tetrahedral
d. bent e. trigonal pyramidal

152. Using the VSEPR model, the electron-domain

geometry of the central atom in BrF4- is
__________.
a. linear b. trigonal planar c. tetrahedral
d. trigonal bipyramidal e. octahedral

158. Using the VSEPR model, the molecular geometry

of the central atom in PF5 is __________.
a. tetrahedral b. square planar c. trigonal
bipyramidal d. seesaw e. square pyramidal

153. Using the VSEPR model, the molecular geometry

of the central atom in XeF2 is __________.
a. linear b. trigonal planar c. tetrahedral
d. bent e. trigonal pyramidal

159. The hybrid orbital set used by the central atom in

NO3- is __________.
a. sp b. sp2 c. sp3 d. sp3d e. sp3d2

154. Using the VSEPR model, the molecular geometry

of the central atom in BCl3 is __________.
a. linear b. trigonal planar c. tetrahedral
d. bent e. trigonal pyramidal

160. The hybrid orbital set used by the central atom in

BF4- is __________.
a. sp b. sp2 c. sp3 d. sp3d e. sp3d2

155. Using the VSEPR model, the molecular geometry

of the central atom in CF4 is __________.
a. linear b. trigonal planar c. tetrahedral
d. bent e. trigonal pyramidal

161. The hybrid orbital set used by the central atom in

KrF2 is __________.
a. sp b. sp2 c. sp3 d. sp3d e. sp3d2

Completion
Complete each statement.
162. What is the molecular geometry of a molecule that
has three bonding and two non-bonding domains?

166. A covalent bond in which overlap regions lie

above and below an internuclear axis is called a(n)
__________.

163. In the valence shell of an atom there are six

electron domains. They will be arranged in a (an)
__________ geometry.

167. The sensation of vision results from a nerve

impulse that is triggered by the separation of retinal
from __________.

164. What are the three bond angles in the trigonal

bipyramidal structure?

168. In molecular orbital theory the stability of a

covalent body is related to its __________.

165. The 1s hydrogen orbital overlaps with the

__________ iodine orbital in HI.

169. Each molecular orbital can accommodate, at most,

two electrons with their spins paired. This is called
the __________.

12

Name: ________________________

ID: A

170. The more unpaired electrons in a species, the

stronger is the force of magnetic attraction. This is
called __________.

Essay
171. Three molecules have similar electron domains, but different molecular shapes. Why?

13

ID: A

AP Chapter 9 Study Questions

Answer Section
TRUE/FALSE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:

F
T
F
T
F
T
F
T

PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:

2
2
1
1
3
1
1
3

REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:

Sec. 9.1
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.3
Sec. 9.3
Sec. 9.5
Sec. 9.6
Sec. 9.8

PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:

1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1

REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:

Sec. 9.1
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.3
Sec. 9.4
Sec. 9.5
Sec. 9.5
Sec. 9.5
Sec. 9.5
Sec. 9.5
Sec. 9.5
Sec. 9.5
Sec. 9.5
Sec. 9.6
Sec. 9.6

MULTIPLE CHOICE
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.

ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:

A
E
C
C
B
A
B
C
D
B
B
C
B
C
C
B
D
D
D
B
C
A
E
D
B
E
A
E

ID: A
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.

ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:

C
C
C
D
D
D
D
C
D
C
E
C
D
A
C
A
D
C
C
E
A
B
D
E
B
D
C
A
A
B
D
B
C
B
A
C
A
B
A
C
D
C
A
D
D

PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:

1
1
1
1
2
1
2
4
4
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1

REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
2

Sec. 9.6
Sec. 9.6
Sec. 9.6
Sec. 9.6
Sec. 9.6
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.3
Sec. 9.3
Sec. 9.3
Sec. 9.3
Sec. 9.3
Sec. 9.3
Sec. 9.3
Sec. 9.3
Sec. 9.3
Sec. 9.3
Sec. 9.3
Sec. 9.3

ID: A
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.

ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:

A
C
B
C
B
B
E
B
D
B
D
D
C
A
C
D
D
D
D
C
C
E
D
A
E
A
B
E
C
B
B
A
C
E
C
A
B
A
B
B
C
B
C
A
A

PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:

1
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
3
3
4

REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
3

Sec. 9.4
Sec. 9.3 | Sec. 9.5
Sec. 9.5
Sec. 9.5
Sec. 9.5
Sec. 9.5
Sec. 9.5
Sec. 9.5
Sec. 9.5
Sec. 9.5
Sec. 9.5
Sec. 9.5
Sec. 9.5
Sec. 9.5
Sec. 9.5
Sec. 9.5
Sec. 9.5
Sec. 9.5
Sec. 9.5
Sec. 9.5
Sec. 9.5
Sec. 9.5
Sec. 9.5
Sec. 9.5
Sec. 9.6
Sec. 9.6
Sec. 9.6
Sec. 9.6
Sec. 9.6
Sec. 9.6
Sec. 9.6
Sec. 9.6
Sec. 9.6
Sec. 9.6
Sec. 9.6
Sec. 9.6
Sec. 9.6
Sec. 9.6
Sec. 9.6
Sec. 9.6
Sec. 9.6
Sec. 9.6
Sec. 9.6
Sec. 9.7
Sec. 9.7

ID: A
127.
128.
129.
130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
150.
151.
152.
153.
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
160.
161.

ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:

B
D
B
B
E
B
D
C
D
D
D
D
A
C
D
E
B
C
D
E
A
D
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
C
B
C
D

PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:

4
4
4
3
3
3
4
4
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
4
4
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:

DIF:

REF: Sec. 9.2

DIF:

REF: Sec. 9.2

COMPLETION
162. ANS: T-shaped
PTS: 1
163. ANS: octahedral
PTS: 1

Sec. 9.7
Sec. 9.7
Sec. 9.7
Sec. 9.7
Sec. 9.7
Sec. 9.7
Sec. 9.7 | Sec. 9.8
Sec. 9.7 | Sec. 9.8
Sec. 9.8
Sec. 9.8
Sec. 9.8
Sec. 9.8
Sec. 9.8
Sec. 9.8
Sec. 9.8
Sec. 9.8
Sec. 9.8
Sec. 9.8
Sec. 9.8
Sec. 9.8
Sec. 9.8
Sec. 9.8
Sec. 9.1
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.2
Sec. 9.5
Sec. 9.5
Sec. 9.5

ID: A
164. ANS: 90, 120, 180
PTS: 1
165. ANS: 5p

DIF:

REF: Sec. 9.2

PTS: 1
166. ANS: bond

DIF:

REF: Sec. 9.5

PTS: 1
167. ANS: opsin

DIF:

REF: Sec. 9.6

PTS: 1
168. ANS: bond order

DIF:

REF: Sec. 9.6

PTS: 1
DIF:
169. ANS: Pauli principle

REF: Sec. 9.7

PTS: 1
DIF:
170. ANS: paramagnetism

REF: Sec. 9.8

REF: Sec. 9.8

PTS: 1

DIF:

ESSAY
171. ANS:
different numbers of non-bonding domains
PTS: 1

DIF:

REF: Sec. 9.2