.

Study of society has helped several governments to promote the welfare of the
tribal people. Not only the civilized-societies, but even the tribal societies are faced
with several socio-economic and anthropologists regarding tribal societies and
problems have helped many governments in undertaking various social welfare
measures to promote the welfare of the tribal people. Efforts are now being made to
treat the tribals on par with the rest of the civilized people.
3. Sociology improves our understanding of society and increases the power of
social action, capabilities, talents and limitations. It enables him to adjust himself to
the environment. Knowledge of society, social groups, social institutions,
associations, their functions etc. helps us to lead an effective social life.
4. The study of sociology helps us to know not only our society and man but also
others, their motives, aspirations, status, occupations, traditions, customs,
institutions, cultures etc. In a huge industrialized society, our experience is
comparatively limited. We can hardly have a comprehensive knowledge of our
society and rarely have an idea regarding other societies. But we must have some
insight into an appreciation of the motives by which others live and the conditions
under which they exist. Such an insight we derive from the study of sociology.
8. The need for the study of sociology is greater especially in underdeveloped
countries. Sociologists have now drawn the attention of economists regarding the
social factors that have contributed to the economic backwardness of a few
countries. Economists have now realized the importance of sociological knowledge
in analyzing the economic affairs of country.
9. The study of society is of paramount importance in solving social problems. The
present world is best with several social problems of great magnitude like poverty,
beggary, unemployment, prostitution, over population, family disorganization,
community disorganization, racial problems, crime, juvenile delinquency, gambling
alcoholism, youth unrest, untouchability etc. A careful analysis of these problems is
necessary in order to solve them. Sociology provides such an analysis.
aramdaman mo na ba yung feeling na okay lang. Okay lang talaga. Wala naman
akong magagawa e. Kaya okay lang talaga
For tth class. Make a abstract line art. You can search thru the internet for some
examples. Pass it on thursday, sept 3. On or before 5pm.
Please tell your classmates. No late submission! Thanks!
Sociology as a value-free science
The subject matter of sociology is human behavior in society. All social behavior is
guided by values. Thus the study of social behavior can never be value-free if value
freedom is interpreted in the sense of absence of values because values of the
society under investigation form a part of the social facts to be studied by sociology.

Moreover social research is in itself a type of social behavior and is guided by the
value of search for true knowledge. Then what is meant as clarified by Max Weber
value-free sociology means that the sociologist while carrying social research must
confine called value relevance. Thus the values can operate at three levels:

At the level of philological interpretation.

At the level of ethical interpretation in assigning value to an object of enquiry.

At the level of rational interpretation in which the sociologists seeks the

meaningful relationship between phenomena in terms of causal analysis. The
point of value interpretation is to establish the value towards which an
activity is directed.

Sociology Related with Other Sciences

Posted by Prem Shresh , Saturday, March 6, 2010 7:33 PM

Sociology is the wider and broader in scope and it was related or interlinked with
many others social sciences. Sociology is the science of the society and in society
many kinds of things were happens to fulfilled the whole society and there is cooperation between sciences like as follows:Political Science : Political science and sociology are very closely related. Political
science deals with the political activities of man. It studies social groups organised
under the sovereignty of the state. " Historically, sociology has its main root in
politics and philosophy of history "- Morries Ginsberg. " Political is embedded in the
social that if political science remains distinct from sociology, it will be because of
the breadth of the field calls for the specialist, not because there are any welldefined boundaries marking it off from sociology"- Garner. Sociology is the science
of state and government. Sociology is the young science and political science is
older science.
History Science : Sociology and history are very much interrelated. Like political
science, sociology is becoming one of the most genuine fruits of history to which it
is intimately connected. History is the reconstruction of man's past. It is the story of
the experience of man kind and the record of the human past. History is the
microscope of the past, the horoscope of the present and the telescope of the
future. Sociology is the science of society, on the other hand is intrested in the
present. It tries to analyse human interactions and interrelations with all their
complexity and diversity. It also studies the historical development of societies.
History with its record of various social events of the past offers data facts to
sociologists. History is a storehouse of records, a treasury of knowledge. Historians
also uses sociology. 'History is past sociology', and 'Sociology is present History'G.E. Howard.

Anthropology : The relation between sociology and anthropology is widely

recognized today. Anthropology is " concerned not with particular man but with man
in groups, with races and peoples and their happenings and doings". According to
Hoebel, " Sociology and Social Anthropology are, in their broadest sense one and
the same".Sociology has borrowed many concepts log, cultural patterns, cultural
configuration, etc., from socio-cultural anthropology. Anthropology as a discipline is
so closely related to sociology that the two are frequently indistinguishable.
Sociologists in their studies
Psychology : Sociology and psychology are contributory sciences. Psychology has
been defined as the study of human behaviour. In the words of Thouless, "
Psychology is the positive science of human experience and behaviour ". As Krech
and Crutchfield define, " Social Psychology is the science of the behaviour of the
individual in society ". Social psychology helps us a great deal in facing several
social problems. Murphy " Social psychology is the study of the way in which the
individual becomes members of and functions in a social groups ". Sociology
analyses social processes but social psychology analysis mental processes of man.
Economics : Sociology and economics as social sciences have close relations.
According to Thomas, " Economics is, in fact, but one branch of the comprehensive
science of sociology ". Dr. Alfred Marshall defines economics as " On the one side
the study of wealth and on the other and more important side a part of the study of
man ". Sociologists have contributed to the study of different aspects of economic
organization. Sociology studies all kinds of social relationships but economics deals
with only those social relationships which are economic.
The sociological imagination is the concept of being able to think ourselves away
from the familiar routines of our daily lives in order to look at them anew. Mills
defined sociological imagination as the vivid awareness of the relationship between
experience and the wider society. It is the ability to see things socially and how
they interact and influence each other. To have a sociological imagination, a person
must be able to pull away from the situation and think from an alternative point of
view.
Sociology as a social science discipline
Sociology is one of the core disciplines of the social sciences, along with political
science, economics and anthropology. So one might imagine that it is a coherent,
unified, and comprehensive science with a well-defined subject matter and a clear
set of methods. But as most practitioners will agree, this is not the case. And that is
a good thing, because the social world is not a unified system that can be reduced
to a small number of theoretical premises.
What does this diversity of topic, method, and theory imply about the discipline of
sociology today? Is it a unified discipline, or a patch-work melange of many topics
and approaches, unified only by the fact that the subjects of investigation have to

do with social processes and social behavior? One possible interpretation is that the
vast range of potential research subjects for sociology are covered by this
patchwork structure. Another possibility is that the current range of sub-disciplines
is itself the product of many "random walks" down particular research approaches,
with heavy coverage of some areas of potential research, sporadic coverage of
some problems and no attention at all to other problems. The latter possibility
suggests in turn that there is ample room for future development of sociological
research, in the formulation of new empirical problems and new theoretical
approaches. The discipline of sociology can continue to evolve and grow -- possibly
in ways that lead to significant innovation in approach and explanatory strategy.
Bourgeois
In the writings of Engels, Karl Marx, and other philosophers, Bourgeois has been a
word used to refer to those classes of the society that have traditionally held the
means of production and wealth. In other words, capitalist class is labeled as
bourgeois that also happens to be the class that gives means of living to the wage
labor. In societies that are capitalist in nature, average people are seen as workers
who are nothing more than becoming a cheap means for production for the
capitalist class. Workers live on a subsistence wage with all the profits going into the
pockets of the Bourgeois class. Bourgeois set wages in such a manner that the
working class (proletariat) neither has anything when born nor does it die with
anything.
Proletariat
This is the name for the working classes, and in every society, proletariat are always
in an overwhelming majority. The modern society has born out of the old feudal
system where the landlords were Bourgeois while the slaves and vassals were there
to serve them. There are new classes and new forms of oppression, but the class
struggle remains the same. In fact, the society is more or less made up of two
classes, the haves and the have-nots. It is the class labeled as have-nots that is
referred as Proletariat in the writings of great philosophers and political analysts.
In sociology, positivism is the view that social phenomena (such as human social
behavior and how societies are structured) ought to be studied using only the
methods of the natural sciences. So, positivism is a view about the appropriate
methodology of social science, emphasizing empirical observation. It is also
associated with empiricism (the view that knowledge is primarily based on
experience via the five senses), and it is opposed to metaphysics roughly, the
philosophical study of what is real on the grounds that metaphysical claims
cannot be verified by sense experience. Positivism was developed in the 19th
century by Auguste Comte, who coined the term "sociology." Many contemporary
thinkers criticize positivism, claiming for example that not all data is empirically
observable

VISUAL ARTS
The Visual Elements (line, shape, tone, color, pattern, texture and form) are the
building blocks of composition in art. When we analyze any drawing, painting,
sculpture or design, we examine these component parts to see how they combine
to create the overall effect of the artwork.
The Visual Elements have a relationship to one another:
Most images begin their life as line drawings.
Lines cross over one another to form shapes.
Shapes can be filled with tone and color, or repeated to create pattern.
A shape may be rendered with a rough surface to create a texture.
A shape may be projected into three dimensions to create form.
Each elements may be used individually to stress their own particular
character in an artwork. Different elements can express qualities such as
movement and rhythm, space and depth, growth and structure, harmony and
contrast, noise and calm and a wide range of emotions that make up the subjects of
great art.
VISUAL ELEMENTS
a. LINE is the foundation of all drawing. It is the first and most versatile of the
visual elements of art. Line in an artwork can be used in many different ways. It can
be used to suggest shape, pattern, form, structure, growth, depth, distance, rhythm,
movement and a range of emotions.
We have a psychological response to different types of lines:
Curved lines suggest comfort and ease
Horizontal lines suggest distance and calm
Vertical lines suggest height and strength
Jagged lines suggest turmoil and anxiety

The way we draw a line can convey different expressive qualities:

Freehand lines can express the personal energy and mood of the artist
Mechanical lines can express a rigid control

Continuous lines can lead the eye in certain directions

Broken lines can express the ephemeral or the insubstantial
Thick lines can express strength
Thin lines can express delicacy
B. SHAPES can be natural or man-made, regular or irregular, flat (2-dimensional) or
solid (3-dimensional), representational or abstract, geometric or organic,
transparent or opaque, positive or negative, decorative or symbolic, colored,
patterned or textured.
The Perspective of Shapes: The angles and curves of shapes appear to change
depending on our viewpoint. The technique we use to describe this change is
called perspective drawing.
The Behaviour of Shapes: Shapes can be used to control your feelings in the
composition of an artwork:
Squares and Rectangles can portray strength and stability
Circles and Ellipses can represent continuous movement
Triangles can lead the eye in an upward movement
Inverted Triangles can create a sense of imbalance and tension
C. TONE is the lightness or darkness of a color. The tonal values of an artwork can
be adjusted to alter its expressive character.
Tone can be used:

to create a contrast of light and dark.

to create the illusion of form.

to create a dramatic or tranquil atmosphere.

to create a sense of depth and distance.

to create a rhythm or pattern within a composition.

D. COLOR is the visual element that has the strongest effect on our emotions. We
use color to create the mood or atmosphere of an artwork.
There are many different approaches to the use of color:
Color as light

Color as tone
Color as pattern
Color as form
Color as symbol
Color as movement
Color as harmony
Color as contrast
Color as mood
E. PATTERN is made by repeating or echoing the elements of an artwork to
communicate a sense of balance, harmony, contrast, rhythm or movement.
There are two basic types of pattern in art: Natural Pattern and Man-Made
Pattern. Both natural and man-made patterns can be regular or irregular, organic
or geometric, structural or decorative, positive or negative and repeating or
random.

Natural Pattern: Pattern in art is often based on the inspiration we get from
observing the natural patterns that occur in nature. We can see these in the shape
of a leaf and the branches of a tree, the structure of a crystal, the spiral of a shell,
the symmetry of a snowflake and the camouflage and signaling patterns on
animals, fish and insects.
Man-Made Pattern: Pattern in art is used for both structural and decorative
purposes. For example, an artist may plan the basic structure of an artwork by
creating a compositional pattern of lines and shapes. Within that composition
he/she may develop its visual elements to create a more decorative pattern of color,
tone and texture across the work.
F. TEXTURE is the surface quality of an artwork - the roughness or smoothness of
the material from which it is made.
We experience texture in two ways: optically (through sight)
and physically (through touch).
Optical Texture: An artist may use his/her skillful painting technique to create the
illusion of texture. For example, in the detail from a traditional Dutch still life above
you can see remarkableverisimilitude (the appearance of being real) in the
painted insects and drops of moisture on the silky surface of the flower petals.

Physical Texture: An artist may paint with expressive brushstrokes whose texture
conveys the physical and emotional energy of both the artist and his/her subject.
They may also use the natural texture of their materials to suggest their own unique
qualities such as the grain of wood, the grittiness of sand, the flaking of rust, the
coarseness of cloth and the smear of paint.
Ephemeral Texture: This is a third category of textures whose fleeting forms are
subject to change like clouds, smoke, flames, bubbles and liquids.
G. FORM is the physical volume of a shape and the space that it occupies.
Form can be representational or abstract.
Form generally refers to sculpture, 3D design and architecture but may also relate
to the illusion of 3D on a 2D surface.
Three-Dimensional Form can be modelled (added form), carved (subtracted
form) and constructed (built form). It can be created from sculptural materials like
clay, wax, plaster, wood, stone, concrete, cast and constructed metal, plastics,
resins, glass and mixed media. It may also be kinetic, involving light and movement
generated by natural, mechanical and electronic means. More recently the CAD
process of 3D printing has been added to the list of sculptural processes.
Two-Dimensional Form constructs the illusion of 3D in 2D media by a skillful
manipulation of the visual elements.