Incompressible Fluid Mechanics, MECH 6370: HW #1

ISSUED: 08-26-2015, eLearning.edu

DUE: 09-09-2015, 5:30 p.m., ECSN 2.112 (in class submission)
1. Reading: Panton textbook, Chapter 3
2. Given the rank two tensor,

2
= 3
6

3
2
4

6
4
15

(a) What are the principal values of ?

(b) What are the directions in which the principal stresses act?
(c) Decompose into its symmetric and anti-symmetric components
(d) Prove that your decomposition is correct.
3. Repeat the preceding problem for the rank two tensor,

2 0 3
= 0 3 0
3 0 2
4. Prove the identify in index notation: u u =

1
2u

u u .

5. Express and evaluate the following in index and Gibbs notation: grad (a b) = . . ..
6. Express and evaluate the following in index and Gibbs notation: div (uv) = . . ..
7. Prove the following in index notation: (a b) c = (b c) a = (c a) b
8. A water jet into air leaves a nozzle horizontally with velocity, Vj , and diameter, D. A solid cone
pointing toward the jet has a half angle, , and base, d > D, and has its axis aligned with the jet
direction. What force is required to hold the cone in place?
9. A viscous liquid in laminar flow comes downward out of a long, round tube into air. The tube is
vertically inclined; at the exit, the flow is fully developed. After the fluid exits the tube, the velocity
profile, u(r), gradually changes to a uniform profile, Ue . Assume that the diameter reduces linearly
before the uniform value is attained. Apply the momentum equation to find the area of the jet when
uniform flow is first established, and the value Ue . Perform the analysis with and without body forces.
10. A very long tube 3 cm in diameter carries water at an average velocity of 5 cm s1 . A short nozzle
attached to the end accelerates the flow with a 5 : 1 area reduction. Find the force between the pipe
and the nozzle when the exist pressure is atmospheric (100 kPa) and the pipe pressure is 325 kPa.
11. A long, thin, closed cylinder is submersed in a fluid (the cylinder thickness, t, inner radius, Ri , and
length, L, are given; note that t/Ri << 1 and Ri /L << 1). The cylinder contains fluid with constant
stress tensor, i = pi , and is surrounded by a fluid with constant stress tensor, o = po . Body
forces are negligible and pi = po . However a torque is applied to the cylinder that is T k and T k at
either ends.
(a) Using the problem attributes given, define the stress tensor in the fluid at points far from the
cylinder ends (use cylindrical coordinates).
(b) Determine the magnitude and direction of the principal stresses.
(c) Determine the magnitude of the maximum shear stress.
Note: Problems adapted from R.L. Panton Incompressible Flow and MIT OpenCourseWare (Prof. Kenneth Smith)
1