Formulas:

Sample mean Sample Standard Deviation

2

x̄=
∑x
n
s=
√ ∑ ( x− x̄ )
n−1

Grouped Data
Sample mean Sample Standard Deviation
∑ xf ∑ ( x− x̄ )2⋅f
x̄=
∑f s=
√ n−1

Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient:

n n

√ √
2
s xy ∑ ( x i− x̄ ) ∑ ( y i− ȳ ) 2
r= s x=
i=1
, s y=
i=1
s x s y , where n n and
s xy is the
covariance

s xy
y− ȳ = ( x− x̄ )
Equation of Regression Line for y on x: s 2x

2
( f o −f e )
x 2calc= ∑
The x2 Test Statistic: fe , where
fo are the observed
frequencies,
fe are the expected frequencies