AP BIOLOGY- MR.

MENDOZA 1

Cell Signaling Test

1. Cell signaling systems in plants and bacteria have

a. No similarity, after all they are completely different life
forms
b. A relationship that is similar to that between yeast and
mammals
c. Share only .0009% similarity
d. Are exactly the same
2. The cell signal transduction pathway is
a. the way a signal is converted into energy
b. a series of steps to signaling other cells
c. a series of signals that combine to propagate a message
d. a series of steps by which a signal is converted into a
specific cellular response
3. Paracrine signaling is similar to endocrine signaling except that
paracrine signaling occurs in between
a. Cells that are close to one another
b. Cells that are far away from each other
c. Cells In different organisms
d. Cells of a plant
4. What system transports hormones in animals?
a. Respiratory
b. Circulatory
c. Lymph
d. Endocrine system
5. What are the three stages , in order, of the cell signaling
process?
a. Creation-Response-Expansion
b. Reception-Transduction-Response
c. Receive- Increase-React
d. Recreate-Encompass-Relocate
6. Cells can communicate when they are in direct contact in which
of the following ways?
a. Gap Junctions
b. Plasmodesmata
c. Interaction of cell surface molecules
d. All of the above
7. Which of these is NOT part of the stages of the cell signaling process?
a. Reception
b. Transferring
c. Response
d. They are all part of the process
8. What is a ligand?
a. A small molecule that non-specifically binds to a larger molecule
b. A large molecule that binds to a larger molecule
c. A small molecule that binds to a larger molecule with a high degree
of specificity.
 AP BIOLOGY- MR. MENDOZA 1

d. None of the above

9. Which of the following is not a main type of membrane bound receptor?
a. G-protein-linked receptors
b. Tyrosine-kinase receptors
c. Gap Junctions
d. Ligand-gated ion-channel receptors
10. What do the structures of g-proteins look like?
a. Hydrophilic regions
b. There is one B-pleated sheet
c. There are six alpha-helices
d. There are seven alpha-helices
11. Which of these steps in the sequence of steps whereby a signal molecule binding
to a G-protein receptor can cause an intracellular response is wrong?
a. Signal molecule binds to cell membrane receptor
b. binds inactive Tyrosine kinase and causes GTP to replace GDP on
protein thereby activating Tyrosine kinase.
c. activated G-protein binds another protein (usually an enzyme) and
alters the activity of the enzyme
d. get cell response
12. What is the structure of a tyrosine kinase receptor before it binds to the
signal?
a. Double polypeptides
b. Triple polypeptides
c. Individual polypeptides
d. Three individual
13. When the signal binds to the receptor two receptor polypeptides
aggregate forming a dimmer, this aggregation activates the tyrosine-
kinase parts of both polypeptides and these phosphorylate the tyrosines
on the tail of the other polypeptide.
a. G-Protein is activated
b. G-Protein is inactivated
c. Tyrosine Kinase is inactivated
d. Tyrosine Kinase is activated
14. These are enzymes that remove phosphate groups from proteins
a. Protein kinase
b. G-protiens
c. RNAses
d. Protein phosphatase
15. The concentration of Calcium ions within the cytoplasm of the cell is very
low. This allows its use as,
a. conductor of electrical signals
b. Hydrolyser
c. Primary messenger
d. Secondary messenger
 AP BIOLOGY- MR. MENDOZA 1

16. Phospholipase C does what in the use of calcium as a

secondary messenger
a. converts a sugar into DAG and IP3
b. converts a protein into a calcium ion channel
c. converts a membrane lipid into a calcium ion channel
d. converts a lipid into DAG and IP3
17.In the Calcium secondary messenger system calcium
a. binds to the G-protein to activate it
b. binds to the ion-gated protein to release more protein
c. binds to the IP3 to activate it
d. interact with proteins to activate them
18. What could be responsible for activating genes in a signaling
pathway?
a. G-proteins
b. Protein kinases
c. Transcription factors
d. DNA
19. Protein A produces 10 molecules which causes protein B to
produce 100 which then makes protein C produce 1000. What is
this process called?
a. Signaling system
b. Signal deamplification
c. Signal amplification
d. IP3 activation
20. In the disease cholera,
a. a bacteria destroys lumen cells cause bloody stool
b. a bacteria causes DNA transcription factors in the lumen
cells to fail
c. a protein produced by bacteria interferes with protein
kinases causing profuse diarrhea
d. a protein produced by the bacteria modifies G-proteins that
then makes them fail causing profuse diarrhea