Module C Design of Steel Members and Joints Suscos 2013 2014 l21 Wa 2013-10-07 13-23-4 771

Conceptual Design of Buildings
(Course unit code 1C2)
Module C
Design of Steel Members and Joints
J.P. Jaspart (University of Lige)
European Erasmus Mundus Master Course
Sustainable Constructions
under Natural Hazards and Catastrophic Events
520121-1-2011-1-CZ-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Conceptual Design
of Buildings
Module C Design of Steel Members

and Joints
List of contents
Simple joints
Examples
Hollow section
joints
Design of column
bases
Examples
Simple joints are assumed to transfer no bending moments and should be

designed accordingly.
Main typologies: end plate of partial depth; fin plate or web cleats.
- Beyond the EC3-1-8 rules, some additional requirements are provided in the publication
European Erasmus Mundus
Master Course
under Natural Hazards
and Catastrophic Events
n 126 of ECCS: European Recommendations for the Design of Simple Joints in Steel
Structures. These type of joints will be included in the Manual Design of Joints in Steel
and Composite Structures, ECCS (J.P. Jaspart and K. Weynand).
L21 Simple joints and hollow section joints. Behaviour and design of column bases.
Conceptual Design
of Buildings

and Joints
List of contents
Simple joints
Examples
Hollow section
joints
Design of column
bases
Examples
A simple joint is designed to resist to axial and shear forces only. As a

consequence, the development of bending moment may be potentially
unsafe, in particular if the joint presents a reduced ductility.
The "hinge assumption" is safe if, beyond the joint resistance checks, the
two following requirements are fulfilled:
- the joint possesses a sufficient rotation capacity (to not develop
bending moment);
- the joint possesses a sufficient ductility (to allow redistribution of
forces by the several joint components).

Master Course
With the aim to permit a rotation

without increasing too much the
bending moment which develops into
the joint, the contact between the lower
beam flange and the supporting
member has to be strictly avoided.
Conceptual Design
of Buildings

and Joints
List of contents
Simple joints
Examples
Hollow section
joints
Design of column
bases
Examples
The design of a simple joint involves the verification of the resistance

(VEd VRd), the condition available required and some additional ductility
requirements, which depend of joint configuration.
Notations fin plate joint

Master Course
Conceptual Design
of Buildings

and Joints
List of contents
Simple joints
Examples
Hollow section
joints
Design of column
bases
Examples
EXAMPLE 1
Check the safety of the following simple joint submitted to a vertical shear
force VEd = 100 kN (complete resolution may be find in P126 of ECCS).
VEd = 100 kN

Master Course
Conceptual Design
of Buildings

and Joints
List of contents
Simple joints
Examples
Hollow section
joints
Design of column
bases
Examples
EXAMPLE 1
Requirements for sufficient rotatation capacity
(1) hp db
(2) available > required
where:
if
z > z g h
hp

h e
2
available " "

Master Course
if not:
available
arcsin
z g h
hp

h e
arctg z g h
hp
he
Conceptual Design
of Buildings

and Joints
List of contents
Simple joints
Examples
Hollow section
joints
Design of column
bases
Examples
EXAMPLE 1
Requirements for sufficient rotatation capacity
Requirements to avoid
premature weld failure
w f yp M 2
a
tp
2 f up M0

Master Course
Conceptual Design
of Buildings

and Joints
List of contents
Simple joints
Examples
Hollow section
joints
Design of column
bases
Examples
EXAMPLE 1
Joint shear resistance
1. Bolts in shear
2. Fin plate in bearing
3. Gross section of the fin plate in shear
4. Net section of the fin plate in shear
5. Shear block of the fin plate
6. Fin plate in bending
11
VRd min VRdi

i 1
7. Buckling of the fin plate

8. Beam web in bearing
9. Gross section of the beam web in shear
Master Course
10. Net section of the beam web in shear

11. Shear block of the beam web
Conceptual Design
of Buildings

and Joints
List of contents
Simple joints
Examples
Hollow section
joints
Design of column
bases
Examples
EXAMPLE 1
Shear resistance of the joint: VRd = 146.18 kN (= VRd8)

Failure Mode:
Beam web in bearing
Requirements to allow a plastic redistribution of internal forces
(ductility)
(the other is for fin plate)

Master Course
(If VRd = VRd3, VRd4, VRd5, VRd6, VRd9,

VRd10, VRd11
then VRd1>min (VRd2, VRd8))
Conceptual Design
of Buildings

and Joints
List of contents
Simple joints
Examples
Hollow section
joints
Design of column
bases
Examples
The Eurocode 3, part 1.8 provides actual design rules for joints between
both open and hollow sections.
Design rules for hollow section joints (semi-empirical rules calibrated with
experimental tests) were developed by CIDECT (International Committee
for Research and Technical Support for Hollow Section Structures).
These type of joints are used essentially in trussed structures or lattice
girders.

Master Course
10
Conceptual Design
of Buildings

and Joints
List of contents
Simple joints
Examples
Hollow section
joints
Design of column
bases
Examples
Failure modes
a) Chord face failure
b) Chord web failure
c) Chord shear failure

d) Punching shear failure
e) Brace failure
Master Course
f) Local buckling failure

11
Conceptual Design
of Buildings

and Joints
List of contents
Simple joints
Examples
Hollow section
joints
Design of column
bases
Examples
Current typologies of column bases

Master Course
12
Conceptual Design
of Buildings

and Joints
List of contents
Simple joints
Examples
Hollow section
joints
Design of column
bases
Examples

Master Course
Anchor bolts
Anchor bolts may be manufactured in

accordance with one of the following
standards:
EN 10025 (current mild steel),
EN 10080 (reinforcing bars),
EN ISO 898 or EN 14399 (bolts).
13
Conceptual Design
of Buildings

and Joints
List of contents
Simple joints
Examples
Hollow section
joints
Design of column
bases
Examples
Behaviour and active components

V
Steel components (column and base plate)

similar to beam-column joint with end-plate
Additional components associated with
concrete foundation:
i) Concrete in compression + base plate in bending due to compression T-stub in compression (clause 6.2.5 - EC3-1-8 and EC2-1-1);
ii) Tension resistance (clause 6.2.6.12 of EC3-1-8) and lifting of anchor bolts
(EC2-1-1);
iii) Shear resistance of anchor bolts (clause 6.2.2 of EC3-1-8), including
concrete crushing (EC2-1-1);
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iv) Friction resistance between base plate and concrete foundation (clause
6.2.2 of EC3-1-8).
14
Conceptual Design
of Buildings

and Joints
List of contents
Simple joints
Examples
Hollow section
joints
Design of column
bases
Examples
Characterization of components associated with concrete foundation

i) Concrete in compression + base plate in bending due to compression - T-stub in
compression (6.2.5 - EC3-1-8 and EC2-1-1).
Uniform pressure
in concrete fjd
f t2
y
M
Rd
6
FC,Rd = fjd beff leff

fjd
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c = t [fy / (3 fjd M0)]0.5

fjd - Design bearing strength of concrete.
Ed
jd
2
c2
15
Conceptual Design
of Buildings

and Joints
List of contents
fc
fc
c
fj
- The design bearing strength (fjd) of concrete may conservatively be taken as:
fj
Simple joints
Examples
Hollow section
joints
Design of column
bases
Examples
fcd - Design value of concrete compressive strength;

fck - Characteristic compressive cylinder strength of concrete at 28 days.
- A more accurate value of fjd should be obtained in accordance with clause 6.7 of
EC2-1-1, as specified in clause 6.2.5 (7) of EC3-1-8.
Master Course
16
Conceptual Design
of Buildings

and Joints
List of contents
Simple joints
Examples
Hollow section
joints
Design of column
bases
Examples

ii) Tension resistance (6.2.6.12 of EC3-1-8) and lifting of anchor bolts (EC2-1-1)
Minimum of:
Ft .Rd
B p.Rd
0.9 fub As
M2
0 . 6 d m t p fu
M2
0.85
Anchor bolts with threads nonconform with EN 1090
and resistance to lifting of anchor bolts:

- bond resistance (8.4 - EC2-1-1) anchorage by hooks;
- pull-out failure (9.2.3 - CEB) headed anchors;
- concrete cone failure (9.2.4 - CEB);
- splitting failure (9.2.5 - CEB).

Master Course
17
Conceptual Design
of Buildings

and Joints
List of contents
Simple joints
Examples
Hollow section
joints
Design of column
bases
Examples

iii) Shear resistance of anchor bolts (6.2.2 of EC3-1-8), including concrete
crushing (EC2-1-1)
Fv. Rd
0.6 f ub A
M2
Minimum of:
F2,vb. Rd
Fb.Rd
or
bc f ub As
M2
Fv. Rd
0.6 f ub As
M2
0.85
bc 0.44 0.0003 f yb
k1 b fu d t
M2
Anchor bolts with threads

non-conform with EN 1090
NEd
fyb- yield strength of the anchor bolt, within 235 N/mm2 fyb 640 N/mm2.
- shear resistance with lever arm (9.3.2.2 - CEB)

and crushing resistance of concrete:
Fv,Ed
- concrete pry-out failure (9.3.3 - CEB)

- concrete edge failure (9.3.4 - CEB);
Master Course
18
Conceptual Design
of Buildings

and Joints
List of contents
Simple joints
Examples
Hollow section
joints
Design of column
bases
Examples

iv) Friction resistance between base plate and concrete foundation (6.2.2 of
EC3-1-8)
Cf,d
Ff,Rd = Cf,d Nc,Ed
- the coefficient of friction between base plate and grout layer (=0.20 for sandcement mortar and should be obtained by testing in accordance with Annex D of
EN 1990 for other types).
Nc,Ed - the design value of the normal compressive force in the column.
Compression resistance
The design resistance Nj,Rd of a column base plate under axial compression may
be determined by adding the individual design resistance FC,Rd of the 3 T-stubs
(not overlapping) shown in the following figure.

Master Course
19
Conceptual Design
of Buildings

and Joints
List of contents
Simple joints
Examples
Hollow section
joints
Design of column
bases
Examples
Resistance to compression + bending moment

Design tension and compression forces and the lever arms are defined as following:
FT,l,Rd - design tension resistance on the left side;
FT,r,Rd - design tension resistance on the right side;
FC,l,Rd - design compression resistance on the left side;
FC,r,Rd - design compression resistance on the right side.

Master Course
20
Conceptual Design
of Buildings

and Joints
List of contents
Simple joints
Examples
Hollow section
joints
Design of column
bases
Examples
Resistance to compression + bending moment

The design moment resistant Mj,Rd (combined with Nj,Ed) should be determined in
accordance with the following table (neglecting T-stub 2):
Rotational stiffness

Master Course
stiffness coefficients
are defined in Table 6.11
and
evaluated
in
accordance with Table
6.12 of EC3-1-8.
21
Conceptual Design
of Buildings

and Joints
List of contents
Simple joints
Examples
Hollow section
joints
Design of column
bases
Examples
EXAMPLE 2
Design the joint of a column HEB 260 (S 275) to a concrete foundation (C25/30)
through a base-plate connected to the foundation by anchor bolts, under the
following load combinations:
a) Axial compression NEd = 800 kN;
b) Axial compression NEd = 800 kN combined with a bending moment
MEd = 150 kNm and a shear force VEd = 200 kN.

Master Course
a)
b)
22
This lecture was prepared for the Edition 1 of SUSCOS

(2012/14) by RUI SIMES (UC) and FLOREA DINU (UPT).
Adaptations brought by J.P. Jaspart (Ulg)
for Edition 2 of SUSCOS
The SUSCOS powerpoints are covered by copyright and are for the exclusive use by the
SUSCOS teachers in the framework of this Erasmus Mundus Master. They may be improved
by the various teachers throughout the different editions.
Thank you
for your attention
http://steel.fsv.cvut.cz/suscos

Module C Design of Steel Members and Joints Suscos 2013 2014 l21 Wa 2013-10-07 13-23-4 771

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Conceptual Design of Buildings

(Course unit code 1C2)

European Erasmus Mundus Master Course

Module C Design of Steel Members

Simple joints are assumed to transfer no bending moments and should be

Module C Design of Steel Members

A simple joint is designed to resist to axial and shear forces only. As a

European Erasmus Mundus

With the aim to permit a rotation

Module C Design of Steel Members

The design of a simple joint involves the verification of the resistance

Notations fin plate joint

Module C Design of Steel Members

European Erasmus Mundus

Module C Design of Steel Members

available " "

European Erasmus Mundus

Module C Design of Steel Members

European Erasmus Mundus

Module C Design of Steel Members

VRd min VRdi

7. Buckling of the fin plate

10. Net section of the beam web in shear

Module C Design of Steel Members

Shear resistance of the joint: VRd = 146.18 kN (= VRd8)

(the other is for fin plate)

(If VRd = VRd3, VRd4, VRd5, VRd6, VRd9,

Module C Design of Steel Members

European Erasmus Mundus

Module C Design of Steel Members

b) Chord web failure

c) Chord shear failure

f) Local buckling failure

Module C Design of Steel Members

Current typologies of column bases

European Erasmus Mundus

Module C Design of Steel Members

European Erasmus Mundus

Anchor bolts may be manufactured in

Module C Design of Steel Members

Behaviour and active components

Steel components (column and base plate)

Module C Design of Steel Members

Characterization of components associated with concrete foundation

FC,Rd = fjd beff leff

c = t [fy / (3 fjd M0)]0.5

Module C Design of Steel Members

fcd - Design value of concrete compressive strength;

Module C Design of Steel Members

Characterization of components associated with concrete foundation

and resistance to lifting of anchor bolts:

European Erasmus Mundus

Module C Design of Steel Members

Characterization of components associated with concrete foundation

Anchor bolts with threads

- shear resistance with lever arm (9.3.2.2 - CEB)

- concrete pry-out failure (9.3.3 - CEB)

Module C Design of Steel Members

Characterization of components associated with concrete foundation

Ff,Rd = Cf,d Nc,Ed

European Erasmus Mundus

Module C Design of Steel Members

Resistance to compression + bending moment