Developing Knowledge Base Using OPS5 - Sample Cases With Solutions V5

Developing Knowledge-Base using a First-Order Predicate Logic
based language called OPS5

Consider the task of developing a knowledge-base that tells a
robot to reach an electrical switch and turn the light on.
Assume that the robot is in a 10 x 10 (feet) room. The switch can
be on any of the walls. Each wall is divided into 10 x 10 (feet)
grid. The switch can be at any of the grid points (0, 0, 0) to (10,
10, 10).
Assume that the robot is at location 1, 1 on the ground; the switch
is at 0, 8, 8 (the 3rd dimension indicates the height).
Q. How will the robot turn on the switch?
Solution:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Goal is to turn on the switch

The robot walks up to the position of the switch;
The robot turns the switch on;
The robot walks back to its original position;
Can we develop a generic knowledge-based solution to the

problem?
Using OPS5 Language:

Declare the objects of interest:
(Object Robot înitial-position ^current-position ^goal ^status)
(Object switch ^position ^status)
Declarations:
(Object Robot înitial-position {(0,0,0) to (10,10,0)} ^currentposition {(0,0,0) to (10,10,0)} ^goal {Turn-On-Switch} ^status
{NYC, Done})
(Object Switch ^position {((0, 0, 0) to (0, 10, 10)), ((0, 10, 0) to
(10, 10, 10)), ((10, 0, 0) to (10, 10, 10)), ((0, 0, 0) to (10, 0, 10))}
^status {on, off})
The Knowledge-Base :
Cases:
1. Switch is already on:
a. Nothing to do; just inform;
2. Switch is off; Robot NOT at the Switch position:
a. Walk up to the Switch position; Turn Switch on;
Walk back to the original position;
3. Switch is off; Robot is originally at the Switch position:
a. Turn Switch on; Remain in the original position;
R1 /* Case # 1 */
If (
(Object Robot ^goal = Turn-On-Switch ^status = NYC)
(Object Switch ^status = on)
Then
(Command Execute (Robot, shout, Sir, the switch is already
on))
(modify Robot ^status = Done)
)
R2 /* Case # 2 */
If (
(Object Robot înitial-position = (x, y, 0) ^current-position = (x,
y, 0) ^goal = Turn-On-Switch ^status = NYC)
(Object Switch ^position = (p, q, r) ((p <> x) OR (q <>
y))^status = off)
Then
(Command Execute (Robot, Move, (x, y, 0), (p, q, 0)))
(Command Execute (Robot, Shout, Sir, I am moving to position
of the switch)
(modify Robot ^current-position = (p, q, 0))
(Command Execute (Robot, shout, Sir, the switch is changed
from off to on))
(modify Switch ^status = on)
(Command Execute (Robot, Move, (p, q, 0), (x, y, 0)))
(Command Execute (Robot, Shout, Sir, I am moving back to my
initial position)
(modify Robot ^current-position = (x, y, 0) ^status = Done)
)
R3 /* Case # 3 */
If (
(Object Switch ^position = (x, y, z) ^status = off)
Then
from off to on))
)
Assume that,
If the Switch is above the ground by 7 feet or more, then the
robot needs a ladder to climb and turn the Switch on;
The ladder will always be on the ground but anywhere in
the room;
Write FOPL Rules using OPS5 like language.
/* R1, R2 and R3 rules will be the same as before, if the Switch is
at lower than 7 feet height */
R1 /* Case # 1 */
If (
(Object Robot ^goal = Turn-On-Switch ^status = NYC)
(Object Switch ^status = on)
Then
(Command Execute (Robot, shout, Sir, the switch is already
on))
)
R2 /* Case # 2 */
If (
(Object Switch ^position = (p, q, r) (r < 7) ((p <> x) OR (q <>
y))^status = off)
Then
(Command Execute (Robot, Shout, Sir, I am moving to position
of the switch)

from off to on))
initial position)
)
R3 /* Case # 3 */
If (
(Object Switch ^position = (x, y, z) (z < 7) ^status = off)
Then
from off to on))
)
/* Rules to reason if the Switch is above the ground by 7 feet or

above */
Cases:
1. Ladder NOT at the Switch; Robot NOT at the Ladder:
a. Walk up to the Ladder; Push the Ladder to the Switch
position; Climb up; turn on; Climb down; put ladder
back to its normal position; walk back to Robot initial
position;
2. Ladder NOT at the Switch; But Robot and the Ladder are
in the same position:
a. Push the Ladder to the Switch position; Climb up; turn
on; Climb down; put ladder back to its normal
position; remain at that position;
3. Ladder at the Switch; Robot not at the Ladder:
a. Walk up to the Ladder; Climb up; turn the Switch
on; Climb down; walk back to Robot initial position;
4. Robot at the Switch position; Ladder NOT at the Switch
position;
a. Walk up to the Ladder; Push Ladder to the Switch
position; Climb up; Turn Switch on; Climb down;
put Ladder back to its original position; Walk back to
Robots original position;
5. Ladder at the Switch; Robot at the Switch:
a. Climb up; turn the Switch on; Climb down;
R4 /* Case # 1 */
If (
(Object Switch ^position = (p, q, r) (r >= 7) ((p <> x) OR (q <>
y)) ^status = off)
(Object Ladder ^ initial-position = (x1, y1, 0) ^current-position
= (x1, y1, 0) ((x1 <> x) AND (x1 <> p)) OR (y1 <> y) AND (y1 <>
q)))
Then
(Command Execute (Robot, Shout, Sir, I am moving to the
position of the Ladder)
(Command Execute (Robot, Move, (x, y, 0), (x1, y1, 0)))
(modify Robot ^current-position = (x1, y1, 0))
(Command Execute (Robot, Shout, Sir, I am pushing the Ladder
to the position of the Switch)
(Command Execute (Robot, Push Ladder, (x1, y1, 0), (p, q, 0)))
(modify Ladder ^current-position = (p, q, 0))
(Command Execute (Robot, Shout, Sir, I am Climbing on the
Ladder)
(Command Execute (Robot, Climb up the Ladder)
from off to on))
(Command Execute (Robot, Shout, Sir, I am Climbing down the
Ladder)
(Command Execute (Robot, Climb down the Ladder)
(Command Execute (Robot, Shout, Sir, I am putting the Ladder
back to its initial position)
(Command Execute (Robot, Push Ladder, (p, q, 0), (x1, y1, 0)))
(modify Robot ^current-position = (x1, y1, 0))

(modify Ladder ^current-position = (x1, y1, 0))
initial position)
(Command Execute (Robot, Move, (x1, y1, 0), (x, y, 0)))
)
R5 /* Case # 2 */
If (
y)) ^status = off)
(Object Ladder ^ initial-position = (x, y, 0) ^current-position =
(x, y, 0))
Then
(Command Execute (Robot, Push Ladder, (x, y, 0), (p, q, 0)))
Ladder)
from off to on))

Ladder)
(Command Execute (Robot, Push Ladder, (p, q, 0), (x, y, 0)))
(modify Ladder ^current-position = (x, y, 0))
)
R6 /* Case # 3 */
If (
y)) ^status = off)
(Object Ladder ^ initial-position = (p, q, 0) ^current-position =
(p, q, 0))
Then
(Command Execute (Robot, Shout, Sir, I am moving up to the
Ladder)
Ladder)
from off to on))

Ladder)
initial position)
)
R7 /* Case # 4 */
If (
(Object Switch ^position = (x, y, r) (r >= 7) ^status = off)
(Object Ladder ^ initial-position = (p, q, 0) ^current-position =
(p, q, 0) ((p <> x) OR (q <> y)))
Then
(Command Execute (Robot, Shout, Sir, I am moving to the
position of the Ladder)
(Command Execute (Robot, push Ladder, (x1, y1, 0), (p, q, 0)))
(modify Ladder ^current-position = (x, y, 0))
(modify Robot ^current-position = (x, y, 0))
Ladder)

from off to on))
Ladder)
(Command Execute (Robot, push Ladder, (x, y, 0), (p, q, 0)))
initial position)
)
R8 /* Case # 5 */
/* Home Assignment: please write this rule */

Developing Knowledge Base Using OPS5 - Sample Cases With Solutions V5

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Developing Knowledge Base Using OPS5 - Sample Cases With Solutions V5

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Developing Knowledge-Base using a First-Order Predicate Logic

based language called OPS5

Goal is to turn on the switch

Can we develop a generic knowledge-based solution to the

Using OPS5 Language:

(modify Robot ^current-position = (p, q, 0))

/* Rules to reason if the Switch is above the ground by 7 feet or

(modify Robot ^current-position = (x1, y1, 0))

(Command Execute (Robot, Shout, Sir, I am Climbing down the

(Command Execute (Robot, Shout, Sir, I am Climbing down the

(Command Execute (Robot, shout, Sir, the switch is changed

Вам также может понравиться