CLAIM, OBLIGATION

CLAIM OBLIGATION
MECHANISM TO REALIZE RIGHTS
MECHANISM TO REALIZE RIGHTS

Date: 22 May 2009
Forum: Khmer Seminar
Presenter: SAR Senera
Presenter: SAR Senera
Moderator: NGIM Sok Rachany

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 Meanings of Claim & Obligation
Meanings of Claim & Obligation

Monetary
PROPERTY 
CLAIM
Non‐Monetary
RIGHTS
Real Right Ownership, etc.

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 CLAIM 
CLAIM
Right that one person (Creditor) can demand
another p person ((Debtor)) to p payy back a
particular amount of money (monetary claim)
or to perform a particular act (non
(non‐monetary
monetary
claim).
Ex: A lends
l B 10.000$.
$ Thus,
h A has
h a claim
l
(10.000$ +…) against B.

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 OBLIGATION
‐ A legal relationship that connects a particular person 
ith specific
with a  ifi person by having the particular person 
b h i th ti l
assume a certain duty with respect to the specific 
person.
‐ The person assuming the duty shall be called the 
'obligor,' and the person receiving the benefit of 
performance of such duty shall be called the 'obligee.‘ 
(CC: 308)
Ex: B sells land Q to A, B receives proceeds 
Ex: B sells land Q to A, B receives proceeds
from A already, so B has obligation to register 
the transfer of ownership of Q to A
the transfer of ownership of Q to A.
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 CLAIM

Receive Payment

Ownership (LL)

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 CASE STUDY 1: 
Loan for Consumption
A lends B 10.000$ on 1 Jan.2008 requiring B to 
p y
pay back on 1 Jan.2009 with the interests of 
5% per year.
B fails to pay until now
B fails to pay until now.
B has some properties such as (moped, land, 
house, etc.)
What can A do to get back 10 000+ 5%/yr
What can A do to get back 10.000+ 5%/yr 
Interests ?

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 Realization of Rights (1)

1. Loan Contract
C
2. Delivery of 10.000
3. Due Date : 1 Jan.2009

SUE (demand for payment of 10.000$+…)

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 JUDGMENT
1. B pays 10.000$+… to A.
2. Litigation costs shall be borne by B

PAYMENT

Right 
i h
Realized

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 JUDGMENT
1. B pays 10.000$+… to A.
2. Litigation costs shall be borne by B

NO I DON’T
NO I DON’T

Right 
Realized

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 JUDGMENT
1. B pays 10.000$+… to A.
2. Litigation costs shall be borne by B

NO I AM IN POVERTY
NO, I AM IN POVERTY

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 CASE STUDY 2: 
Tong Tin 
A is a mastermind of a TT consisting of 11 other
members (B1,…B11). The TT takes effect from 1
Jan.2008. Each member, including A, has to pay
monthly basic share of 1.000 calculated based on the
prospective interests rate offered by each winning
member of the bid. From turns of A and B2, TT goes
smoothly. However, in April turn, B3 collects all the
payment and escapes. B3`s whereabouts is
unknown.
What can all members do ?
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Security of Obligation
Security of Obligation

B1

B11 A B2
Guarantor

B3
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 Realization of Rights (2)
Realization of Rights (2)

1. Payment of Shares
2. Payment of Damages

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 INTERVENTION OF STATE
INTERVENTION OF STATE

A
Creditor
di Civil Execution
Civil Execution
Civil Claim
(Payment)

B3 Criminal 
Prosecutor Indictment Punishment
(St t ’ A t)
(State’s Agent)

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WHY SO FAR DEBTORS HAVE BEEN 
ARRESTED ?
ARRESTED ?

Q & A
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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