2004-09 NGN-Training Vietnam Part1

Next Generation Network
( NGN )
VNPT Training Session

th to 8th
th September 2004 )
( Vietnam , 6th
(( speaker
speaker :: Eric
Eric LE
LE TONQUESSE
TONQUESSE ))
Agenda ( Overview )
NGN introduction
The different aspects of NGN
Protocol Overview
NGN Hot topics
ALCATEL OPEN : our NGN solution
NGN Training, VIETNAM

September 2004. Slide 2
All rights reserved 2004, Alcatel
Next Generation Network

( NGN )
VNPT Training Session / Part 1

th to 8th
th September 2004 )
( Vietnam , 6th
(( speaker
speaker :: Eric
Eric LE
LE TONQUESSE
TONQUESSE ))
Agenda ( Overview )
NGN introduction
The different aspects of NGN
Protocol Overview
NGN Hot topics
ALCATEL OPEN : our NGN solution

Agenda
NGN introduction
Why NGN ?
What is NGN ?
Role of the Softswitch
Role of the Media Gateway
Role of the Signalling Gateway
Role of the Media Server
Role of the Feature Server

Existing Voice and Data networks

are already not independent anymore
Voice
POTS
V90
Modulation
ISDN
LEX
TEX
RSU
NAS
NAS
Splitter
TGW
TGW
DSLAM
BAS
BAS
ADSL
Data
GK
GK
S/R
Corporate
LAN
Access
Edge

IP or ATM
Packet
Backbone
Core
Market Dynamics : actual facts

Voice
Global Voice/Data Crossover
Gb/s
6,000
80% of total worldwide
Voice
telecom service revenue
5,000
Basic Local/Long Dist. voice
service margin decreasing
4,000
3,000
Data
( Source : A. D. Little )
20% of total worldwide
telecom service revenue
IP enhanced service
Data
profit margin increasing
2,000
1,000
0
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
Voice and Dialup Internet are Today the Main Revenue Generators
for ESPs ( Established Service Providers )
Advantages of the NGN architecture

1) The already existing dependence of the 2 networks
(Voice and Data) and the boom of the second one (Data)
makes natural this convergence evolution, especially for datacentric operators ( such as ISPs ).
2) In addition, operators cannot anylonger underestimate
the potentiel advantages of such a unified network :
Increased flexibility (inherits the self healing
a.k.a. resilience from the IP technology).
Shortest path for the media stream : from calling
party to called party without crossing the equipment
in charge of the Call Control ( network flattening ).
Consequently, possible centralization of the Call
Control capacity ( in small number of Softswitches ).
Possible bandwidth savings ( compressed CODEC
and/or silence suppression ).
Ready for Multi-Media services.
NGN : Key Market Drivers

CAPEX/OPEX
CAPEX/OPEX
End
End of
of Life
Life
Analog
Analog Leap-frog
Leap-frog
New
New Revenues
Revenues
Price
Price Erosion
Erosion
Customer
Customer churn
churn
Bypass expensive
transit resources
SS7
PSTN
(TDM-based)
Data
(IP or ATM)
NGN
NB Access
POTS/ISDN
IAD
BB Access
POTS/ISDN
Dial-up
H.323/SIP
Internet
Internet offload,
offload,
Class
Class 4/5
4/5
capngrow,
capngrow, replacement,
replacement, expansion
expansion
IP
IP telephony,
telephony,
broadband
broadband multimedia
multimedia services,
services,
out-of-region
out-of-region expansion
expansion

xDSL
NGN Expectations
New Services
and new revenues
Cost Savings
(CAPEX & OPEX)
Separation of
service, control,
media and access
Multi-vendor
interoperability
NGN
Seamless Transport
over TDM, ATM, IP

Open interfaces
From disillusion ( see testimonies dated 2001 )

to starting first NGN deployments ( 2004 )
Deutsche Telekom (Germany)
Telenor (Norway)
Lot of work has still to be done on

QoS and economics
economics
Energis (UK)
Circuit switches will die-out

beyond 2010
NGN deployment costs should not be

under-estimated
Cisco
VoIP is 6-8 times more expensive

than TDM
Infostrada (Italy)
Technologies cannot converge, only

services
British Telecom
Telia (Sweden)
NGN profitability comes from new

services, not from cost savings
For Voice application, IP network

shouldnt be loaded more than 15%
Infonetics Research
the total revenue for softswitches and

media gateways declined about 9
percent in the third quarter of 2002.
Most service providers dont expect to
deploy VOIP until at least 2004.

VoIP : from cost reduction to new services

All European service providers active with VoIP
Source : Yankee Group 2003

VoIP Services
New services are the main driver

behind deployments today
Source : Yankee Group 2003
Agenda
NGN introduction
Why NGN ?
What is NGN ?

NGN : the 2 main concepts
NGN is based on the following 2 main concepts :

- Convergence of Voice and Data
( same technology and consequently same Network
used for both applications )
- Separation of the layers
( Switching and Call Processing are not any
longer supported by the same equipment )

Application
NGN Target Architecture

Application Services
Voice/Data/MM
Information System
Call Server
( a.k.a. Softswitch,
or MGC = Media Gateway Controller,
or Call Agent )
Packet
Backbone
Data
Network
Access
Transport
Control
IN, TMN
S/R
RGW
AGW

TGW
IAD
TDM
Network
NGN Architecture
PSTN
ISDN
PLMN
SS7
Services layer
Control layer
Media layer
Access/Transport layer

netw.
indep.
svcs.
NGN Concept
A public communication network with
Clear separation of access/transport, media, control

and services layers
Interoperability via open interfaces between these layers

and all other networks
Seamless control of multiple transport technologies

(ATM, IP, TDM, ...)
Use of standards-based components
New services, new revenues !

From integrated to distributed call processing

Central-Office Switch
NGN Components
Call Control
Call Server
Switching
Packet
Network
Interfaces
Gateways

Example of Class 4 ( transit ) : the TDM network of Today
ISUP
- No CODEC negotiation ( G711 only )

- No dynamic addressing ( pre-allocated CIC )
- Bandwidth capacity only used by Voice
ISUP
ISUP
SS7
SS7
PSTN
TDM
SS7
TDM
Switch
Switch
PSTN
Bearer ( 64 kb/s voice channel )
PSTN
Integrated VoP Trunking is already NGN-oriented

BICC ( Bearer Independent Call Control )
( = ISUP + @ and
CODEC negotiation )
ISUP
SS7
SS7
PSTN
Switch
(VoP-capable)
- Possible CODEC negotiation

( voice compression and/or
silence deletion are possible ).
Data
Backbone
PSTN
(VoP-capable)
- Bandwidth capacity can

Bearer
be shared between data
( voice channel )
& voice applications.

Switch
Separation of layers NGN Architecture
Control
Layer
SS7
SS7
PSTN
Switch
(VoP)
Data
Backbone
Switch
Media Layer
(VoP)
PSTN
NGN architecture ( class 4 = Transit )

BICC
SS7
SS7
Control Layer
Call
Server
Call
Server
ISUP
H.248
( = MEGACO )
Data
Backbone
H.248
( = MEGACO )
PSTN
PSTN
GateWay
Bearer
GateWay
Media Layer

NGN Class 4 architecture ( enhancement )
BICC
(or SIP-T/SIP-I)
Call
Server
H.248
( = MEGACO )
SS7
ISUP
Data
Backbone
SGW
TGW
Bearer
Call
Server
H.248
( = MEGACO )
ISUP
SGW
TGW
PSTN
* : Use of SIGTRAN ( SCTP ) to carry ISUP over IP

SS7
PSTN
Other possible Class 4 architecture : Mono-Call Server

Call
Server
H.248
H.248
( = MEGACO )
( = MEGACO )
Data
Backbone
ISUP
ISUP
SS7
SGW
SGW
TGW
Bearer
TGW
PSTN
( No more use of BICC nor SIP-T / SIP-I )
SS7
PSTN
Class 5 ( Access ) NGN architecture

BICC
( or SIP-T / SIP-I )
Call
Server
H.248
( = MEGACO )
R
S
U
Data
Backbone
SGW
AGW
Bearer
Call
Server
H.248
( = MEGACO )
SGW
R
S
U
AGW
: Use of SIGTRAN/SCTP to carry ISDN (Q.931) or V5.2 over IP.

*Concerning
POTS signalling , H.248 is used ( dedicated package ).
Where can NGN be used ?

International Bypass
Transit replacement, capacity extension
Or
Terminal
Access
New ergonomy, or Local switch replacement
Local Switch

Or
Transit
International
NGN elements overview

(*) : or MGC
or Call Agent
or Softswitch
t
( op
Call
Server
(*)
l)
i on a
Media
Server
SS7
Packet
Backbone
PSTN
Trunking
Gateway
POTS
ISDN
Data
Access
Gateway
ADSL

VoDSL
SDSL / VDSL
R
S
U
Central.
Access
Gateway
Resid.
Gateway
IAD
NGN elements per Layer

Feature
Server
yer
a
L
ce
i
v
r
Se
Call
Server
SS7
PSTN
yer
a
L
ol
r
t
n
Co
WGW
SGW
TGW
(or RGW)
AGW

yer
a
L
ia
Med
Agenda
NGN introduction
Why NGN ?
What is NGN ?


The softswitch provides the call processing intelligence.
It communicates with the subtending media gateways in
the transport layer by using standards-based control
protocols such as MGCP or Megaco (H.248). Using these
protocols it determines the two end points that need to
participate in a call (or a session). Once identified, it then
commands the two end points to establish a bearer path
between themselves.
The end points then use appropriate mechanisms (ATM
SVCs/PVCs, IP-based RTP stream, MPLS LSP, Ethernet
VLAN, ) for the establishment of the bearer path.
Advantage of this approach is that the subscribers or the
media types (data, video) can be added/dropped relatively
easily to an existing call or session, thereby facilitating
"multimedia" communications.
< Services >

Sig. = ISUP, ISDN,
V5.2, H.248 (POTS),
Call
Server
Ctrl.
Packet
Backbone
Sig.
GW
GW
Calling Party
Bearer

Sig.
Called Party
Agenda
NGN introduction
Why NGN ?
What is NGN ?


Media Gateway function is only required because of
the existing TDM-based infrastructure ( no need of Media
Gateway function for an end-to-end packet-based
communication such as IP-phone to IP-phone ).
Definition : connects two end points that may reside in
networks based on different technologies : a media
gateway provides the bearer level interworking.
Interworking with existing PSTN = TGW
Interworking with existing RSUs = C-AGW
Interworking with TDM Subscribers = AGW or RGW
In some cases, in-band signalling is monitored to send
information to the Softswitch ( ex : collection of
subscribers DTMF digits) or to choose the appropriate
bearer protocol ( ex : Modem and Fax requirements ).
VoIP induces delay Echo control unavoidable

TDM
GW
IP
PCM
PCMtransport
transportdelay:
delay:
Packetization
Packetizationdelay:
delay:
GW
theoretical
theoreticalcodec
codecalgorithm
algorithmdelay
delayG.711
G.711 00ms
ms( (typical
typical: :22toto44ms
msfor
forother
otherCODEC
CODEC) )
internal
22ms
internalprocessing
processingdelay
delay
ms
IPIPtransport
transportdelay
delay
Jitter
JitterBuffer
Bufferdelay
delay
00ms
ms(under
(underlab
labconditions)
conditions)
33ms
ms
Internal
Internalprocessing
processingdelay
delay
theoretical
theoreticalcodec
codecalgorithm
algorithmdelay
delayG.711
G.711 00ms
ms( (typical
typical: :22toto44ms
msfor
forother
otherCODEC
CODEC) )
internal
22ms
internalprocessing
processingdelay
delay
ms
PCM
PCMtransport
transportdelay
delay
22ms
ms

22ms
ms
according
accordingtotopacket
packetsize
size( (typical
typical: :5,5,10
10oror20
20ms
ms) )
Internal
Internaldelay
delay
TDM
Reminder on Echo Control ( ITU-T G.131 )
Echo
In case of echo, ITU-T

considers that echo
control is required as
soon as round trip
delay is above 50 mS
Delay
< 50 mS
> 50 mS
Main echo generator is the TDM network

Echo
Echo generator
Electrical echo :
Subs.
Board
4 wires
2 wires
The echo in PSTN is mainly caused by impedance

mismatches at four-wire/two-wire conversion points
on the transmission line of an analog subscriber
It also applies to NGN architectures !!
Main delay generators in the TDM networks
Delay generators
in TDM networks
( satellite )
satellite links :
GSM voice
compression
(about 90 ms).
36000 Kms Up
+ 36000 Kms down
at light speed ( 300,000
Kms/sec. ) = 260 mS .

Reminder of the TDM Echo Control solution

( satellite )
(*) ECD dealing
with echo generated
at calling party side
(#) ECD dealing

with echo generated
Echo
Echo
(#)
(*)
Internat.
ECD
Exchange
Calling
Party
Subscriber
Called
Party
Subscriber

Internat.
ECD
Exchange
NGN Echo Control solution

(*) ECD dealing
with echo generated
Echo
Delay greatly
above 25 mS
( one way )
GW
Packet
Network
Calling
Party
Subscriber
GW ECD
Called
Party
Subscriber
GWs must support

G.165 and G.168
Echo
(#)
(*)
ECD
(#) ECD dealing

with echo generated
Other GW capability requirement examples
Basic Tones and Announcements : they are to be sent by

the Gateway ( via H.248 command messages ).
V23 freq. generator : when the analog subscriber is V23,
the frequencies are to be sent by the AGW and the
appropriate H.248 package has to be supported.
Subscribers with TTX : charging pulses have to be sent
by the AGW ( via H.248 using appropriate package ).
Conference : the Gateway may host the conference
devices ( 3 terminations added in the same H.248 context by
the MGC, create a conference call ).
RTP and TDM hair-pinning : may be required in some
configurations ( see next slides ).
Examples of Gateways requirements
Three examples :
- Support of MOVE H.248 command :
As soon as services are possible (Cx modification), MOVE
H.248 commands can be sent by the Softswitch.
- Support of RTP Hair-pinning :

As soon as redirection is not possible (or for inter-domain
reason), RTP hair-pinning configuration is triggered.
- Support of IP Loop ( TDM hair-pinning case ) :

As soon as local traffic exists on a GW, TDM hair-pinning
configuration is triggered.
Redirecting ( Mono call server configuration )

support of Move H.248 command required
Call
Server
AGW
Subscriber A dials
B number
IP
H.248
Move
VoIP
Subs. C
VoIP
PSTN
TGW
TGW

Subscriber B
activated CFNR
towards Subs. C
PSTN
Redirecting ( Multi call server configuration )

support of RTP hair-pinning required
(*) : without use of
redirection mechanism
Subscriber A
dials B number
Call
Server
BICC or
SIP-I (*)
Call
Server
AGW
IP
Subscriber B
activated CFNR
towards Subs. C
VoIP
Subs. C
VoIP
PSTN
TGW
Call Server
control
separation

TGW
PSTN
Inter-domain ( interworking between 2 NGN operators )

RTP Hair-pinning required anyway in the GW
Call
Server
BICC or SIP
H.248
TGW
BICC or SIP
Call
Server
H.248
IP
RTP
TGW
H.248
RTP
also known as
Border Media Gateway
Must support
RTP Hair-pinning
Call
Server
IP
TGW
TDM to TDM configurations

Class 4 case LEX
TDM
VoI
P
LEX
IP
R
S
U
Class 5 case
TGW
TGW
R
S
U
Real TDM-TDM hair-pinning Known as IP loop ( to

( more optimized )
be supported for
complex calls )

Summary of the 3 hair-pinning cases
RTP hair-pinning :
2 IP terminations in the same H.248 context.
TDM hair-pinning :
2 TDM terminations in the same H.248 context.
IP loop :
2 different H.248 contexts with one IP termination
and one TDM termination within each of them
Agenda
NGN introduction
Why NGN ?
What is NGN ?


Signalling Gateway provides a signalling interworking
between TDM-based networks and Packet-based networks.
Depending on the signalling used (ISUP, ISDN, V5.2, ),
specific protocols (such as SIGTRAN) are used to carry
efficiently (real-time constraints) and securely (protection
against existing packet loss and jitter in packet networks )
the signalling between the TDM-based party and the
Softswitch.
For subscriber signalling and ISUP associated (voice
and signalling received on the same link), Signalling
Gateway function is often integrated in the Media Gateway
equipment ( 2 functions in the same box ).
For ISUP quasi-associated ( use of STP ), Signalling
Gateway is a stand-alone equipment.
Signalling Gateway integrated or co-located

with the Media Gateway equipment ( distributed SGW )
Associated-ISUP
( Voice and Signalling
carried by the same PCM)
Call
Server
Data
Backbone
ISUP
Called
Party
SS7
SGW
TGW
Bearer
PSTN
stand alone Signalling Gateway

in a next-generation STP ( centralized SGW )
Quasi-associated
ISUP (use of STP)
Call
Server
NG-STP
( SGW )
ISUP
Data
Backbone
SS7
Called
Party
TGW
Bearer
PSTN
Agenda
NGN introduction
Why NGN ?
What is NGN ?


The Media Server delivers voice and video services
over Packet-based networks, such as conference bridges
(if not supported by the Media Gateway), complex
announcements (basic announcements being delivered by
the MGW), I.N. (Intelligent Network) user interaction,
On the market, they are either SIP-controlled or
H.248/MGCP-controlled and are often NGN evolution of
SRPs ( Service Resource Point of the I.N. solution).
By definition, it is a centralized equipment but Media
Server function may also be integrated in the Softswitch
or distributed in the Media Gateways.
Focus on the Media Server : example of a call with I.N.

1: Off hook notification
2: Be ready to receive digits
Send Dialling tone
3: Sending of dialled digits
4: PPC service triggering
5: Connect To Resource
sent to Call Server
6: Connection requests
sent to AGW and MS 1
8: Play Announcement 3
sent to Media Server
11: Card Nb and called
party Nb sent to SCP
13: New connection
requests sent to
AGW and TGW
( PPC = PrePaid Card )
SCP
12: ISUP
Call
Server
13
AGW
TGW
14: set-up of the VoIP

stream towards
called party.
11
VoIP
14
IP
Backbone
VoIP
7: set-up of the VoIP RTP stream

between AGW and Media Server
PSTN
SGW
13
2
6
SS7
9: Please dial
your card number
10: Please dial the
called number
Media
Server
Agenda
NGN introduction
Why NGN ?
What is NGN ?

Role of the Feature Server ( or Application Server )

The Feature Server (or Application Server ) is
an optional equipment which complements the service
set offered by the Softswitch, playing at service layer.
INAP or API can be used between the Control layer
(Softswitch) and the Service layer (Feature Server).
Main target of the feature Server is to deliver new
services without software upgrade of the Softswitches,
and in a very short time (centralized equipment using
high-level development languages).
Moreover, Feature Servers often offer open API
interfaces allowing connection of Third-Party
application servers : new services can then be
developped by the operator itself.
Feature Server are often NGN evolution of SCPs (I.N.)
New services offered by an Upper-layer platform

Internal
Application
Server
Toolkits
External
Application
Server
Service
Management
Corba, SNMP, FTP
Product
Creation
Service Creation
Open Services Platform
HTML, WAP, XML
Parlay, Jain,OSA, SIP, XML
Self
Activation
Self
Management
User- Service
Interaction
Network
Management
H323,H323,
SIP, Radius,
SIP, Radius,
Diameter,
... ...
ISUP, INAP, CAMEL, MAP, IS41
S12/E10/
Megahub
AXE-10
DX 200
EWSD
DMS
5ESS
System X
MultiMedia MultiMedia
Softswitch
Softswitch
Softswitch Softswitch
EMX

Access
Access
Server
Server
THANKS for your Attention !
eric.le_tonquesse@alcatel.fr

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2004-09 NGN-Training Vietnam Part1

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Next Generation Network

VNPT Training Session

The different aspects of NGN

NGN Hot topics

ALCATEL OPEN : our NGN solution

NGN Training, VIETNAM

All rights reserved 2004, Alcatel

Next Generation Network

VNPT Training Session / Part 1

The different aspects of NGN

NGN Hot topics

ALCATEL OPEN : our NGN solution

NGN Training, VIETNAM

All rights reserved 2004, Alcatel

NGN Training, VIETNAM

All rights reserved 2004, Alcatel

Existing Voice and Data networks

NGN Training, VIETNAM

All rights reserved 2004, Alcatel

Market Dynamics : actual facts

Global Voice/Data Crossover

80% of total worldwide

telecom service revenue

Basic Local/Long Dist. voice

service margin decreasing

20% of total worldwide

telecom service revenue

profit margin increasing

All rights reserved 2004, Alcatel

Advantages of the NGN architecture

All rights reserved 2004, Alcatel

NGN : Key Market Drivers

NGN Training, VIETNAM

All rights reserved 2004, Alcatel

NGN Training, VIETNAM

All rights reserved 2004, Alcatel

From disillusion ( see testimonies dated 2001 )

Lot of work has still to be done on

Circuit switches will die-out

NGN deployment costs should not be

VoIP is 6-8 times more expensive

Technologies cannot converge, only

NGN profitability comes from new

For Voice application, IP network

the total revenue for softswitches and

NGN Training, VIETNAM

All rights reserved 2004, Alcatel

VoIP : from cost reduction to new services

Source : Yankee Group 2003

All rights reserved 2004, Alcatel

New services are the main driver

All rights reserved 2004, Alcatel

NGN Training, VIETNAM

All rights reserved 2004, Alcatel

NGN : the 2 main concepts

NGN is based on the following 2 main concepts :

NGN Training, VIETNAM

All rights reserved 2004, Alcatel

NGN Target Architecture

NGN Training, VIETNAM

All rights reserved 2004, Alcatel

NGN Training, VIETNAM

All rights reserved 2004, Alcatel

Clear separation of access/transport, media, control