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NOMENCLATURE
a
C
Cd
Fa
L
m
Re
s
t
t0
v
v0
w
m
acceleration
proportionality constant relating aerodynamic drag
to square of velocity
non-dimensional drag coefficient
aerodynamic force
reference length, ball diameter
mass
Reynolds number
reference area, cross-sectional area of ball
time
initial time
velocity
initial velocity
weight
viscosity of air
Re 5
rvL
m
Cd 5
24
1 1 0:15Re0:687
Re
Editors Note: ET created a Feature series to focus on short, educational/teachingrelated articles under the title My Favorite Experiment. The short articles
demonstrate experimental techniques that can be applied directly to the classroom
and laboratory to enhance both the teaching process and the conveyance of various
apparatus and measurement methods to the students. Series editor: Kristin
B. Zimmerman, General Motors Corporation.
Mark French (SEM member) is a professor at Purdue University, West Lafayette,
IN, formerly with Robert Bosch Corporation.
doi: 10.1111/j.1747-1567.2006.00017.x
2006, Society for Experimental Mechanics
59
SUMMARY
aerodynamic force and gravitational force are in balance. This
is certainly supported by experience and intuition. Of course,
the analytical prediction should be verified experimentally.
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
In order to get velocity data at several points, a ball drop was
recorded using a high-speed video camera. The ball was dropped while being recorded at 250 frames/s. Figure 3 shows good
correlation between the analysis using a constant drag coefficient and the experimental results.
Note that after about 0.5 s, the slope of the position curve is
approximately constant. This is exactly what would be expected
of a body moving at approximately constant velocity (approximately zero acceleration). Constant slope thus suggests that
the gravitational and aerodynamic forces are nearly in balance
and the ball is approaching terminal velocity.
60
References
1. Van Dyke, M., An Album of Fluid Motion, Parabolic Press,
Stanford, CA (1982).
2. Abraham, F.F., Functional Dependence of Drag Coefficient of
a Sphere on Reynolds Number, Physics of Fluids 13(8):2194
(August 1970).
3. Johnson, T.A., and Patel, V.C., Flow Past a Sphere Up to
a Reynolds Number of 300, Journal of Fluid Mechanics 378(17):
1970 (1999).
4. Liao, S.J., An Analytic Approximation of the Drag Coefficient
for the Viscous Flow Past a Sphere, International Journal of NonLinear Mechanics 37(1):118 (2002). n