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Chapter 23
23
Machining Processes Used to Produce Round Shapes:
Turning and Hole Making
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Processes
Processes
z
z
z
Drilling (internal)
Reaming (internal)
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Machining
Machining Surface
Surface Roughness
Roughness
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Drilling
Drilling Holes
Holes
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Drilling
Drilling Operations
Operations
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Drilling
Drilling Video
Video
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Drilling
Drilling Machines
Machines
Figure 23.24 (a) Schematic illustration of the components of a vertical drill press. (b) A radial
drilling machine. Source: (b) Courtesy of Willis Machinery and Tools.
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Various
Various Types
Types of
of Drills
Drills
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Drills
Drills
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Reamers
Reamers
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General
General Capabilities
Capabilities of
of Drilling
Drilling
Feed, f
Speed, V
Depth of cut, d
Diameter, D
RPM, N
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Speeds
Speeds and
and Feeds
Feeds in
in Drilling
Drilling
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Drilling
Drilling Design
Design Considerations
Considerations
Design for clamping
z Flat surfaces preferred
z Tolerances requirements
z Machinability of materials
z Allowance for tool
z Depth of hole (walking)
z Diameter of hole
z
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Boring
Boring Process
Process Characteristics
Characteristics
Single point tool
z Enlarges or straightens an existing hole
z Produces accurate holes (better
tolerances than drilling)
z Able to produce large internal holes
z Can be performed on a lathe, boring mill,
or jig bore machine tools
z
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Boring
Boring
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Boring
Boring and
and Boring
Boring Mill
Mill
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Boring
Boring Design
Design Considerations
Considerations
Through holes, not blind holes
z Greater length to diameter more difficult
z Avoid intermittent cuts
z
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Turning
Turning Process
Process
Creates cylindrical external or internal
shapes
z Creates flat surfaces on part ends (faces)
z Uses a single point tool
z Wide variety of shapes
z The machine tool is called a lathe
z
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Lathe
Lathe CAD
CAD Video
Video
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Video
Video Lathe/Turning
Lathe/Turning
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Lathe
Lathe Cutting
Cutting Operations
Operations
z
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Lathe
Lathe Cutting
Cutting Operations
Operations
z
z
z
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Lathe
Lathe Cutting
Cutting Operations
Operations
Form tool: produces axisymmetric parts
z Boring: enlarges a previous hole or to
produce circular internal grooves
z Drilling: produces a hole
z
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Cutting
Cutting Screw
Screw Threads
Threads
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Lathe
Lathe
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NC
NC Lathe
Lathe and
and Turret
Turret
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Parts
Parts Made
Made on
on Lathes
Lathes
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Turning
Turning Operation
Operation
Figure 23.3 Schematic illustration of the basic turning operation, showing depth-ofcut, d; feed, f; and spindle rotational speed, N in rev/min. Cutting speed is the surface
speed of the workpiece at the tool tip.
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Tool
Tool
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Turning
Turning Formulas
Formulas
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Turning
Turning Parameters
Parameters
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Turning
Turning Feeds
Feeds &
& Speeds
Speeds
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Feeds
Feeds &
& Speeds
Speeds for
for Tool
Tool Materials
Materials
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Cost
Cost Elements
Elements
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
Equipment
Tooling
Setup time
Load/unload time
Direct labor
Indirect labor
Cycle time, idle time
Overhead rate
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Safety
Safety Factors
Factors
Rotating parts or tools
z Hot, sharp chips
z Eye and skin irritation from cutting
fluids
z
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Example
Example from
from Book
Book
z
A 6-in long, 0.5 in diameter 304 stainlesssteel rod is being reduced in diameter to
0.48 in by turning on a lathe. The spindle
rotates at N=400 rpm , and the tool is
traveling at an axial speed of 8 in/min.
Calculate, the cutting speed, material
removal rate, cutting time, and power.
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