OneSteel DesignBooklet db1.3 PDF

Design of Simply-Supported
Composite Beams with

Large Web Penetrations
Design Booklet DB1.3
OneSteel Market Mills
Composite Structures Design Manual

February 2001

Published by
OneSteel Manufacturing Pty Limited

ABN 42 004 651 325
Produced by the
Centre for Construction Technology & Research

University of Western Sydney
Contributors
Dr. Mark Patrick *

Centre for Construction Technology & Research
Dr. Cameron Chick *

Dr. Daya Dayawansa *
Dr. Chong Chee Goh *
Mr. Rodney Wilkie *
* Formerly BHP Melbourne Research Laboratories
Reviewed by
Dr. Brian Uy
The University of New South Wales
Edition 1.0 - April 1999
Edition 2.0 - February 2001

Disclaimer
While every effort has been made and all reasonable care taken to
ensure the accuracy of the material contained herein, the
contributors, editors and publishers of this booklet shall not be held
liable or responsible in any way whatsoever, and expressly disclaim
any liability or responsibility for any loss or damage, cost or
expenses, howsoever incurred by any person whether the user of
the booklet or otherwise including without limitation, loss or damage,
costs or expenses incurred as a result of or in connection with the
reliance, whether whole or partial by any person as a foresaid upon
any part of the contents of this booklet. Should expert assistance be
required, the services of a competent person should be sought.
DB1.3ii
Simply-Supported Composite Beams

Design of Simply-Supported Composite Beams with Large Web Penetrations

Foreword
OneSteel is a leading manufacturer of steel long products in Australia after its spin-off from BHP Pty
Ltd on the 1st November 2000. It manufactures a wide range of steel products, including structural,
rail, rod, bar, wire, pipe and tube products and markets welded beams.
OneSteel is committed to providing to design engineers, technical information and design tools to
assist with the use, design and specification of its products. This design booklet Design of SimplySupported Beams with Large Web Penetrations was the third design booklet of the Composite
Structures Design Manual, which is now being completed and maintained by OneSteel.
The initial development work required to produce the design booklets was carried out at BHP
Melbourne Research Laboratories before its closure in May 1998. OneSteel Market Mills is funding
the University of Western Sydneys Centre for Construction Technology and Research in continuing
the research and development work to publish this and future booklets.
The Composite Structures Design Manual refers specifically to the range of long products
that are manufactured by OneSteel and plate products that continue to be manufactured by
BHP. It is strongly recommended that OneSteel sections and reinforcement and BHP plate
products are specified for construction when any of the design models in the design booklets
are used, as the models and design formulae including product tolerances, mechanical
properties and chemical composition have been validated by detailed structural testing using
only OneSteel and BHP products.
To ensure that the Designers intent is met, it is recommended that a note to this effect be
included in the design documentation.

DB1.3
iii

Contents
Preface ............................................................................................................. iv
1.
SCOPE AND GENERAL

1.1 Scope ..................................................................................................... 1
1.2 General................................................................................................... 1
2.
TERMINOLOGY..........................................................................................................................3
3.
DESIGN CONCEPTS
3.1 Strength Design...................................................................................... 4
3.2 Deflection Calculation............................................................................. 7
4.
DESIGN MODELS
4.1 General................................................................................................... 9
4.2 Strength Design Model ........................................................................... 9
4.3
Deflection Design Model........................................................................ 12
5. DESIGN APPROACH
5.1 General................................................................................................... 13
5.2 Overall Design Approach........................................................................ 13
5.3 Strength Design...................................................................................... 13
6.
DESIGN RULES
6.1 General................................................................................................... 16
6.2 Application .............................................................................................. 16
6.3 Strength Design...................................................................................... 18
6.4 Design Moment and Shear Capacities - Composite Beams .................. 18
6.5 Design Moment and Shear Capacities - Bare Steel Beams................... 20
6.6 Stability Considerations .......................................................................... 21
6.7 Detailing.................................................................................................. 21
7.
AIDS FOR STRENGTH DESIGN

7.1 General................................................................................................... 26
TM
7.2 WEBPEN Spreadsheet Program ........................................................ 26
7.3 Design Capacity Tables.......................................................................... 27
8.
WORKED EXAMPLES
8.1 General................................................................................................... 28
8.2 Beam and Penetration Data ................................................................... 28
8.3 Example 1 .............................................................................................. 29
8.4 Example 2 .............................................................................................. 32
9.
REFERENCES ..................................................................................................... 39
APPENDICES
A.
B.
C.
D.
DB1.3iv
Nominal Moment Capacity - Composite Beam ...................................... 40

Nominal Moment Capacity - Bare Steel beam ....................................... 44
Design Capacity Tables.......................................................................... 46
Notation .................................................................................................. 85


Preface
This design booklet forms part of a suite of booklets covering the design of simply-supported and
continuous composite beams, composite slabs, composite columns, steel and composite
connections and related topics. The booklets are part of the OneSteel Market Mills Composite
Structures Design Manual which has been produced to foster composite steel-frame building
construction in Australia to ensure cost-competitive building solutions for specifiers, builders and
developers.
The additional design information necessary to allow large web penetrations to be incorporated into
simply-supported bare steel and composite beams is presented in this booklet. Design issues with
respect to strength and deflection control are addressed. The non-composite bare steel state arises
during construction prior to the concrete hardening.
Large rectangular and circular penetrations are often made in the steel web of composite beams for
the passage of horizontal building services. This allows the plenum height to be reduced when using
economical, standard UB and WB steel sections. However, large penetrations weaken a composite
beam locally and reduce its overall flexural stiffness, and therefore their effect must be considered in
design.
Neither the Steel Structures Standard AS 4100 nor the Composite Beam Standard AS 2327.1
contains design provisions for large web penetrations. The rules provided in the booklet for designing
bare steel beams with large penetrations are compatible with AS 4100. For the composite state, the
rules are compatible with AS 2327.1, and have been proposed as an acceptable method of design to
be referred to in Amendment No. 1 of this Standard expected to be published this year.
Information is also given to assist design engineers to understand the engineering principles on
which the design methods are based. This includes:
(a) explanatory information on important concepts and models;
(b) the limits of application of the methods; and
(c) worked examples.
Design capacity tables are given in Appendix C to simplify the strength design process. The
information provided can be used to design for either the bare steel or composite states. The tables
cover a range of situations involving 300PLUS UB and WB steel sections supporting a composite
TM
slab and incorporating large web penetrations. A spreadsheet program named WEBPEN
is
available to assist with the strength design calculations.
Although these design aids are intended to make the design process more efficient, it is essential
that the user obtain a clear understanding of the basis of the design rules and the design approach
by working through this document and the relevant parts of associated design Standards such as AS
4100 and AS 2327.1.

DB1.3

1. SCOPE AND GENERAL

1.1
Scope
The additional design information necessary to allow large web penetrations to be incorporated into
simply-supported bare steel and composite beams is presented in this booklet. Design issues with
respect to strength and deflection control are addressed. The steel beam must be a doublysymmetric I-section.
The overall beam design for the bare steel and composite states is assumed to have been carried
out in accordance with AS 4100 [1] and AS 2327.1 [2], respectively.
The penetrations may be (see Fig. 1.1):
rectangular or circular in shape (within the specified limitations);
unreinforced, or reinforced (in accordance with the specified details) ; and
concentric or eccentric to the centroid of the steel section.
The application of the strength design method is defined by the conditions given in Section 6.2.
(a) Circular unreinforced
(c) Circular reinforced
(b) Rectangular unreinforced
(d) Rectangular reinforced
Figure 1.1 Acceptable Types of Web Penetrations

This document should be read in conjunction with the design booklet Design of Simply-Supported
Composite Beams for Strength, DB1.1 [3] and AS 2327.1, noting that some relevant material from
these documents has not been duplicated herein.
In accordance with Clause 5.2.3.1 of AS 2327.1, the effect of holing of the steel beam due to a web
penetration may be ignored provided the greatest internal dimension of the penetration is not greater
than 0.1 times the clear depth of the web. It follows that penetrations larger than this should be
considered as large, and their effect determined in accordance with the information provided in this
document.
1.2
General
The strength design method presented herein is based on a method recommended by an ASCE
Task Committee [4]. The method has been verified with some experimentally-based investigations
conducted in Australia, and modified to suit Australian design practice and conform to relevant
Australian Standards. Further details about the development of the strength design method can be
found elsewhere [5,6].

DB1.3

The deflection design method has been developed from work originally presented by Tse and
Dayawansa [7]. Further information about this method can be found in [5].
Large rectangular and circular penetrations are often made in the steel web of composite beams for
the passage of horizontal building services. This allows the plenum height to be reduced when using
economical, standard UB and WB steel sections. However, large web penetrations weaken a
composite beam locally and reduce its overall flexural stiffness. Neither the Steel Structures
Standard AS 4100 nor the Composite Beam Standard AS 2327.1 contains design provisions for
large web penetrations.
The strength design method was adopted after a detailed review of four proposed methods, viz.
ASCE Task Committee [4], Redwood and Cho [8], Lawson [9] and Oehlers and Bradford [10]. The
method adopted for Australian design practice, proposed by ASCE Task Committee [4], has been
modified to conform to the relevant Australian Standards. The suitability of the modified method has
been verified on the basis of an Australian experimental program. A reliability analysis has been
conducted using the results of the experimental program and other experimental data available from
overseas literature, to determine an appropriate value for the strength factor, [11]. In this regard,
consideration has also been given to the improved performance of a composite beam that can be
derived by placing DECKMESH [12] in the region of a penetration [13]. Accordingly, it is

recommended herein that this reinforcing product is used in the region of each web penetration when
the profiled steel sheeting is deemed perpendicular to the steel beam. (Note: this product is not
suitable to be used in situations when the sheeting is parallel to the steel beam refer to design
booklet DB1.2 for further guidance.)
The cost implications of choosing between reinforced or unreinforced web penetrations is an
important consideration during the design stage, noting that the intention of using penetrations is not
only to obtain an acceptable floor-to-floor height, but also a more cost-effective structure. For this
purpose, it is recommended that a rational method of costing steelwork is used which takes into
account the specific labour and material costs involved in fabricating the penetrations including any
steel plate reinforcement [14].
DB1.32


2. TERMINOLOGY
Some important terminology used in this booklet is summarised in this section. Reference should
also be made to Section 2 of DB1.1 and Clause 1.4.3 of AS 2327.1 for additional terminology.
Bottom T-Section
The portion of the steel beam cross-section lying below the penetration.
High Moment End (HME)
The end of a penetration subjected to the higher primary bending moment.
Low Moment End (LME)
The end of a penetration subjected to the lower primary bending moment.
Primary Bending Moment
The bending moment at a beam cross-section due to overall bending action ignoring secondary
effects (see Fig. 3.2).
Rigid Arm
A part of a beam assumed to be rigid in the model used for deflection calculations.
Secondary Bending Moment
The additional bending moment induced in the top and bottom T-sections as a result of Vierendeel
action over the length of the penetration (see Fig. 3.2).
Steel T-Section
The bottom T-section or the top T-section, excluding the concrete flange in the case of a composite
beam.
Top T-Section
The portion of the steel beam cross-section lying above the penetration, inclusive of the concrete
flange in the case of a composite beam.
Vierendeel Action
The development of secondary bending moments in the top and bottom T-sections due to the
presence of vertical shear force across the penetration.
Web Penetration Reinforcement
Steel plates or flat bars continuously welded to one or both sides of the web of the steel beam, as
close as practicable to the top and bottom horizontal edges of the penetration.

DB1.3

3. DESIGN CONCEPTS
3.1 Strength Design
Behaviour in the Region of a Web Penetration
A large rectangular or circular penetration made in the steel web of a simply-supported steel or
composite beam weakens the beam locally by reducing both the moment and shear capacities. This
reduction in strength can be partly overcome by welding steel plates or flat bars to the web along the
horizontal edges of the penetration as reinforcement. However, the economics of using web
penetration reinforcement needs careful consideration.
In the absence of vertical shear force, the moment capacity of a beam cross-section at a large web
penetration is reduced as a direct result of the loss of steel web area. Vertical shear force at the
penetration gives rise to a more complex state of equilibrium as a result of Vierendeel action
occurring over the length of the penetration. This action causes additional secondary moments to
develop in the top and bottom T-sections. Its effect becomes more pronounced as the penetration
length increases and as the shear-to-moment ratio increases, which explains why both of these
factors need to be controlled during design.
The main features that become visible in the region of a web penetration at ultimate load are shown
in Fig. 3.1. The most-highly stressed areas are located at the high- and low-moment ends of the
penetration, denoted HME and LME, respectively. These features are briefly explained as follows.
The secondary moments may be sufficiently large to cause the slab to crack perpendicular to the
steel beam, both in the top face at the LME and the bottom face at the HME. The combined effects
of flexure, shear and Vierendeel action can lead to yielding in the top and bottom T-sections, and
plastic hinges can form at their ends.
In many cases, large differential vertical deflection between the two ends of the penetration occurs
when a major diagonal crack forms in the concrete slab directly above the penetration. This crack
can lead to a sudden drop in the load-carrying capacity of the composite beam, significantly reducing
its ductility [13]. Large tensile forces develop in the shear connectors at the HME region of the
penetration [15], particularly prior to the onset of the diagonal crack. The likelihood of diagonal
cracking in the slab can be influenced by a number of factors, such as: the moment-shear ratio; the
geometry of the profiled steel sheeting; the orientation of sheeting ribs; and the slab reinforcement.
Diagonal
cracking
Concrete
cracking
Top T-Section
Concrete
crushing
Shear
force
Primary
bending
moments
LME
HME
Support
Steel yielding
Bottom T-Section
Figure 3.1 Behaviour at Ultimate Load
DB1.34


When the sheeting ribs are orientated perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the steel beam, the
diagonal crack initiates at the top of the ribs and rapidly propagates through the cover slab causing
failure. Tests show that the behaviour of a composite beam with the sheeting laid perpendicular to
the steel beam can be significantly improved if the width of this crack is controlled using special steel
reinforcement in the concrete slab [13]. This steel reinforcement was originally developed to prevent
rib shearing failure in composite edge beams [16,17,19], and is now commercially available as
DECKMESH [12].
Primary and Secondary Bending Moments
The existence of primary and secondary bending moments in the region of a large web penetration is
illustrated in Figure 3.2.
Top T-Section
M*L
M*H
Primary bending
moments
LME
Bottom T-Section
HME
(a) Primary bending moments on beam at web penetration

Top T-Section
V*t
V*t
V*b
Secondary bending
moments
Vierendeel deformation
in T-Sections
LME
V*b
Bottom T-Section
HME
(b) Secondary bending moments on T-Sections

Figure 3.2 Primary and Secondary Bending Moments in the Region of a Web Penetration
Effect of Web Penetrations on Maximum Compressive Force in Concrete Flange
In a simply-supported composite beam, the maximum compressive force that can develop in the
concrete flange at any particular cross-section can be governed by various factors such as the
strength and distribution of the shear connectors, the tensile capacity of the steel section, the
compressive strength of the concrete, etc. When a web penetration is incorporated in the steel
beam, this can reduce the compressive force that can develop in the concrete flange at some of the
other cross-sections of the composite beam, as shown in Fig. 3.3 (where it is assumed that the
shear connector distribution remains unchanged after the introduction of the web penetration, and
that they are uniformly spaced). Design rules to cater for this situation are given in Clause 6.6 of AS
2327.1.
Design Moment Capacity
The design moment capacity at the web penetration is calculated at the HME, in accordance with the
requirements of AS 2327.1, while accounting for:
(a) the depth of the penetration;

DB1.3

(b) any horizontal reinforcement at the top and bottom edges of the penetration; and
(c) the degree of shear connection ( ) at the HME of the penetration.
The effect of vertical shear force is ignored, and therefore, so are secondary bending moments
arising from Vierendeel action.
nH shear connectors
Maximum moment
cross-section
Force in concrete
flange
Fcc
Beam with no
web penetration
F = (nH)afds
Fcc
Beam with
web penetration
x
Case (a) Force in concrete flange is not affected by web penetration (i.e. F = nHfds =Fcc)
Beam with no
web penetration
Force in concrete
flange
Fcc
F = (nH)bfds
Fcc
Beam with
web penetration
Case (b) Force in concrete flange is affected by web penetration (i.e. F = nHfds >=Fcc)
Assumptions:
(a) fds corresponds to (nH)a in Case (a) and (nH)b in Case (b)
(b) Shear connectors are uniformily distributed
Figure 3.3 Influence of Web Penetration on Maximum Compressive Force in Concrete Flange
Design Vertical Shear Capacity
In the case of composite beams without large web penetrations designed in accordance with
AS 2327.1, it is assumed that the shear force is resisted by the steel beam alone when calculating
the design vertical shear capacity. This simplifying assumption is considered too conservative at
cross-sections within a web penetration when a significant portion of the steel web has been
removed. It is assumed that the concrete slab also contributes to the design shear capacity of the
composite beam, if the combined design shear capacity of the top and bottom steel T-sections is
insufficient to resist the design vertical shear force.
The model used to determine the nominal vertical shear capacity of a composite beam in the region
of a web penetration is presented in Section 4.2.
Moment-Shear Interaction
DB1.36


In accordance with the strength design method given in AS 2327.1, the nominal moment capacity of
a cross-section of a composite beam without a web penetration is assumed to be affected by shear
when the shear ratio, , is greater than 0.5 (see Clause 6.4 of AS 2327.1). In this case, the nominal
moment capacity is assumed to reduce linearly with the shear ratio until the entire steel web is fully
. , the
utilised resisting shear, and hence makes no contribution to moment capacity. When = 10
only contribution to the moment capacity from the steel section is due to the steel flanges. The
resulting tri-linear moment-shear interaction curve is shown in Fig. D3.2 of AS 2327.1.
It should be noted that a different moment-shear interaction relationship, defined by a continuous

cubic equation, as shown in Fig. 4.1, is adopted in the web penetration design method. This same
moment-shear interaction equation is used by ASCE Task Committee [4], Redwood and Cho [8] and
Oehlers and Bradford [10].
Penetration Reinforcement
There are numerous ways of reinforcing web penetrations to minimise the loss of strength and
stiffness that can arise due to their presence. Some of these reinforcing arrangements are shown in
Fig. 3.4. However, the strength design formulae given in Section 6 have been derived assuming the
steel plate or flat bar reinforcement is continuously welded to the web, as close as practicable to the
top and bottom horizontal edges of the penetration. Therefore, only the reinforcement arrangements
shown in Fig. 3.4(a) are valid for use with this document.
3.2
Deflection Calculation
The method given in this booklet can be used to calculate the total deflection of a simply-supported
bare steel or composite beam incorporating a large web penetration.
Basis of Calculation for Composite Beam
The method requires the following two deflection components to be calculated and added together to
obtain the total deflection of a composite beam:
(a) total deflection of the beam with no web penetration, calculated in accordance with the
simplified method given in AS 2327.1; plus the
(b) additional deflection due to the presence of the web penetration.
The simplified method given in AS 2327.1 accounts for the effects of long- and short-term loading
and partial shear connection. The additional deflection component due to the presence of the
penetration can be calculated for both long- and short-term loading conditions. The second moments
of area of the T-sections required for this calculation are determined ignoring the effects of partial
shear connection.
In calculating the additional deflection component in (b), the bending, shear and Vierendeel
deformations within the length of the penetration are taken into account, and the remaining parts of
the beam on either side of the penetration are assumed to be two rigid arms. These rigid arms are
assumed to undergo no deformation, but their rotations contribute to the deflection of the beam.
The method assumes linear elastic behaviour and hence does not account for deflections due to
plastic or buckling deformations in any part of the beam. Concrete shrinkage and creep effects are
accounted for separately.
The additional deflection for a beam with multiple penetrations can be obtained by summing the
additional elastic deflections due to the individual penetrations.

DB1.3

(a) Horizontal reinforcement welded to web
(b) Horizontal and vertical reinforcement welded to web
(c) Penetration edge reinforced with flats
(d) T-Sections strengthened
(e) Diagonal reinforcement

Note: The design method is applicable for penetrations with reinforcement
arrangement (a) only.
Figure 3.4 Arrangements of Web Penetration Reinforcement
DB1.38


4. DESIGN MODELS
4.1
General
The design models used in the strength and deflection design methods and their limits of application
are briefly explained in this section. The limits of application arise mainly from the parameter ranges
covered in experimental and theoretical studies undertaken to verify the models. This may explain
somewhat arbitrary nature of some of the limits of application. Nevertheless, the limits encompass a
range sufficiently wide for most practical applications. These limits are described in detail in
Section 6.
4.2
Strength Design Model
Strength Design Criterion
The strength design criterion for a web penetration in a bare steel or composite simply-supported
beam is represented as the following cubic moment-shear interaction equation,
3
V*
M*
+
M b
Vu
1.0
(4.1)
where, M * and V * are the design bending moment and shear force, respectively, at the mid-length
of the penetration; M b is the design moment capacity of the beam cross-section at HME of the
penetration; and Vu is the design shear capacity for the segment of beam over the length of the
penetration.
A value of 0.9 has been chosen for the capacity factor, , in Eq. 4.1 based on the findings of a
reliability analysis on the experimental results [11]. This value is the same as that used for bending
and shear strength, in AS 4100 for bare steel beams and in AS 2327.1 for composite beams.
The curve described by Eq. 4.1 is shown graphically in Fig. 4.1, and the design combinations of
(M ,V ) falling within the shaded area represent satisfactory designs which satisfy the criterion.
*
M*
Mb
A
1.0
Region where
M*
Mb
3
+
V*
Vu
1.0
Q
P
0
0
1.0
P - Corresponding to a satisfactory design
Q - Corresponding to an unsatisfactory design
V*
Vu
Figure 4.1 Moment-Shear Interaction Model

DB1.3

When the design bending moment, M * , and design shear force, V * , at the mid-length of the
penetration have been calculated, the next step of the strength design calculation is to determine the
values of M b and Vu at the penetration.
The design moment capacity, Mb , at a penetration is calculated at the HME in accordance with
AS 2327.1 using rectangular stress block theory. In this calculation, the shear force at the crosssection is assumed to be zero. The degree of shear connection, , at the cross-section is calculated
using Clause 6.6 of AS 2327.1 and accounting for the reduced steel section due to the penetration.
Design Shear Capacity
The design shear capacity, Vu , at a web penetration is calculated as the sum of the contributions
from the top and bottom steel webs and the concrete flange. In this calculation, the effect of overall
bending at the cross-section is ignored, while the flexural stresses in the top and bottom T-sections
caused by Vierendeel action due to shear are determined.
The following assumptions are made in the calculation:
(a) the net axial force in the top and bottom T-sections is zero;
(b) a simplified version of the von Mises yield criterion is used to account for the interaction
between shear and bending stresses;
(c) the plastic neutral axes of the top and bottom T-sections due to Vierendeel action lie in their
respective steel flanges; and
(d) a width of 3Dc of the concrete flange contributes to the shear capacity of the top T-section, if
the shear capacity of the steel web of the top T-section is fully utilised.
These assumptions greatly simplify the design model while not significantly affecting the accuracy of
the calculation.
Limits of Applicability of the Strength Design Model
The strength design model is primarily formulated for rectangular web penetrations in a simplysupported bare steel or composite beam. Circular web penetrations are designed by converting the
circular penetration into an equivalent rectangular penetration. Web penetration size, shape and
location limits are given in Section 6.2.
Reinforcement
Reinforcement
(a) Single-sided reinforcement
(b) Double-sided reinforcement

Section x-x
Figure 4.2 Web Penetration Reinforcement Arrangements
DB1.310


Web penetrations may be either unreinforced or reinforced, and possibly eccentric to the centroid of
the steel beam section. It is assumed that any web penetration reinforcement is continuously welded
as close as practicable to the top and bottom horizontal edges of the penetration. In addition, the
reinforcement shall be rectangular in cross-section and shall not exceed the dimensions specified in
Section 6.7. Acceptable reinforcement arrangements are shown in Fig. 4.2 for a rectangular
penetration.
Top T-Section
Bottom T-Section
RA
L0
Rigid arms
RB
b
L
(a) Idealised beam model for calculation of additional deflections

L
(b) Additional deflection due to bending

P
's
L0
b
L
(c) Shear deformation and induced discontinuity

'L
'L
'H
'H
(d) Additional deflection due to shear
Figure 4.3 Deflections of the Beam

DB1.3
11

The steel section shall be compact or non-compact in accordance with the requirements of
AS 2327.1. Slenderness limitations have been imposed in the region of the web penetration to avoid
buckling of the webs of the T-sections and overall buckling of the top T-section in compression.
These limitations are given in Section 6.6. As the resistance of bare steel and composite beams to
lateral and flexural-torsional buckling may be lowered with the introduction of a web penetration, the
effect of reduced lateral and flexural-torsional buckling loads also needs to be considered in design.
The strength design method is not applicable to beams subjected to significant load fluctuations,
which may lead to fatigue.
4.3
Deflection Design Model
Deflection Component Without a Web Penetration
The deflection of the beam without a penetration is determined by the simplified method specified in
Appendix B of AS 2327.1. This method is based on elastic bending theory, and uses the effective
second moments of area of the beam, which accounts for partial shear connection.
Additional Deflection Components due to Web Penetration
The additional deflection components due to bending and shear deformations at the web penetration
are determined using a model where only the top and bottom T-sections at the penetration are
assumed to undergo deformation. The remaining parts of the beam on both sides of the penetration
are assumed to be rigid (see Fig. 4.3(c)). These rigid arms, which are connected to each end of the
penetration, rotate in order to maintain compatibility with the local deformations at the penetration, as
shown in Fig. 4.3.
DB1.312


5. DESIGN APPROACH
5.1
General
The purpose of this section is to explain the design approach adopted in this booklet. Rules for the
strength and deflection design of simply-supported bare steel and composite beams incorporating
large web penetrations are covered in Section 6. The restrictions applicable to the strength design
method are given in Section 6.2.
The overall design approach covering strength and deflection design is illustrated in Fig. 5.1 as a
flowchart.
5.2
Overall Design Approach
It is assumed in the overall design approach that a preliminary design of the beam without web
penetrations has been completed prior to the web penetration design. Therefore, the basic
parameters such as relevant material properties, the size of the steel beam, dimensions of the
concrete slab, distribution of shear connectors, etc., are all assumed to be known. It is also assumed
that the deflection of the beam without web penetrations has been calculated and that any specific
deflection criteria are known.
The aim of the web penetration design procedure is to determine whether the proposed web
penetration can be placed at the preferred location without violating the strength and deflection
design criteria. An unreinforced penetration is initially tried with the aim of minimising cost.
If the design criteria are not satisfied for a trial size and location of the web penetration, the options
available to the designer for improving the design include:
(a) changing the location of penetration;
(b) changing the steel beam size; or
(c) adding penetration reinforcement.
The parts of the overall design approach that are covered by the strength and deflection design
methods provided herein are shown below the horizontal dashed line in Fig. 5.1.
5.3
Strength Design
The aim of the strength design procedure presented in this section is to ensure that the strength
design criterion given by Eq. 4.1 is not violated in the region of the web penetration.
When multiple web penetrations are made in a beam, the method can be used to design each
penetration separately provided the geometric restrictions in relation to the spacing of the web
penetrations are satisfied.
The main steps of the strength design procedure are described in the following sub-sections.
Size and Location of Web Penetration
The size and location of the web penetration shall satisfy the geometric constraints given in Section
6.2. These represent the limits of applicability of the strength design method.
Design Action Effects
The design action effects, M * and V * , are calculated at the mid-length of the web penetration.
The strength design criterion for a web penetration is represented by the cubic moment-shear
interaction equation given as Eq. 4.1. Therefore, once M * and V * are known, the strength design
method simply consists of calculating the design moment and shear capacities, Mb and Vu , and
checking that Eq. 4.1 is satisfied.

DB1.3
13

Start
Strength design of
beam without web penetration
Design of beam
without web penetration
Calculation of deflection
of beam without web penetration
Choose the size of the

web penetration
Web penetration
design
Choose the location of

the web penetration
Calculate M* & V*
Geometric
constraints
satisfied
?
Yes
No
Strength design
calculation
Strength
design criterion
satisfied
?
Yes
No
Stability &
detailing criteria
satisfied
?
Yes
No
Calculate additional deflection

due to web penetration
Deflection
design criteria
satisfied
?
Yes
Change
location of web
penetration
?
No
Add
penetration
reinforcement
?
No
Yes
Yes
Add
reinforcement
Change steel
section
No
Design complete
Stop
Figure 5.1 Flowchart of the Overall Design Approach

The design moment capacity, Mb , is calculated at the HME using rectangular stress block theory
given in AS 2327.1, while accounting for the height of the web penetration, any web penetration
reinforcement present and the degree of shear connection at the HME.
DB1.314


In the calculation of Mb , it is necessary to know the compressive force in the concrete flange at the
HME, FcH , which depends on the distribution of shear connectors along the beam, previously
determined for the strength design of the beam without any web penetrations.
The shear force, V * , at the cross-section is assumed to be zero for this calculation. Hence the value
of Mb represents the point A on the moment-shear interaction curve shown in Fig. 4.1.
The design shear capacity, Vu , is determined as the summation of the nominal shear capacities of
the top and bottom T-sections, Vt and Vb , respectively, times the capacity factor, . Although the
overall bending moment at the penetration is assumed to be zero for this calculation, Vierendeel
action due to vertical shear force acting across the penetration is accounted for which gives rise to
secondary bending moments. The value of Vu represents the point B on the moment-shear
interaction curve shown in Fig. 4.1.
5.4
The total deflection is calculated as the sum of three components (as shown in Fig. 5.2), viz:
(a) deflection of beam without a web penetration, calculated in accordance with the requirements
of AS 2327.1 (Fig. 5.2(a));
(b) deflection due to secondary bending within the length of the penetration (Fig. 5.2(b)); and
(c) deflection due to shear deformation within the length of the web penetration (Fig. 5.2(c)).
The design method has been formulated assuming only one web penetration in the beam. However,
deflections from multiple penetrations may be superimposed as linear elastic behaviour is assumed.
P
L0
x
L
g(x)
L
(a) Bending deflection of beam with no penetration
H(x)
' L
(b) Additional bending deflection (from rigid-arm model)
' H
v(x)
(c) Additional shear deflection (from rigid-arm model)
t(x)
(d) Total deflection of beam
Figure 5.2 Deflection Components of Beam

DB1.3
15

6. DESIGN RULES
6.1 General
The design rules for the strength and deflection design of simply-supported bare steel and composite
beams incorporating large web penetrations are presented in this section. The web penetrations may
be circular or rectangular in shape, unreinforced or reinforced, and located either concentrically or
eccentrically to the centroid of the steel section.
The restrictions applicable to the strength design rules are given in Section 6.2.
The strength design objectives and criteria are given in Section 6.3.
The design rules for calculating the design moment and shear capacities, Mb and Vu , for
composite beams are given in Section 6.4.
The design rules for calculating Mb and Vu for bare steel beams, a special case of the more
general method applicable to composite beams, are given in Section 6.5.
The stability considerations applicable to the strength design are given in Section 6.6, and the
detailing requirements are given in Section 6.7.
Design rules for calculating the additional vertical deflection due to a web penetration are given in
Section 6.8.
6.2
Application
The proposed size and location of the web penetration must be checked prior to performing the
design calculations to ensure compliance with the requirements of the strength design method given
in this section. In addition, the size and location of penetrations may also be governed by the stability
considerations given in Section 6.6.
Circular Penetrations
The design formulae presented are for rectangular penetrations. However, circular penetrations can
be designed using the same formulae by assuming that a circular penetration of diameter D is
equivalent to a rectangular penetration of the following dimensions.
(a) L0 = 0.45D .
(b) For unreinforced circular penetrations:
h 0 = D for the calculation of Mb ; and

h 0 = 0.9D for the calculation of Vu .
(c) For reinforced circular penetrations:
h 0 = D for the calculation of Mb and Vu .

Steel Section
The steel section shall be a doubly symmetric I-section. The design methods are only applicable if
the steel beam plate elements are compact or non-compact in accordance with the requirements of
AS 2327.1. Only the effective portion of any non-compact plate elements shall be used in the
strength and deflection calculations. The steel section shall also conform to the stability
considerations given in Section 6.6.
Profiled Steel Sheeting
The profiled steel sheeting shall conform to the requirements of AS 2327.1. For the purposes of
design, the sheeting shall be considered to be parallel to the steel beam (i.e. = 10
. ) if the angle
DB1.316


between the beam and the sheeting ribs is less than or equal to 15 degrees. Otherwise it shall be
considered perpendicular (i.e. = 0.0 ).
Size of Rectangular and Circular Penetrations
Acceptable geometry for a beam incorporating web penetrations is given in Fig. 6.1. The location and
dimensions of web penetrations shall be such that:
(a) (L 0 / h 0 ) 3.0
(b) h 0 0.7 Ds
(c) s t 0.15D s
(d) For bare steel beams, sb 0.15Ds ; and
for composite beams, sb 0.12Ds
(e) (L0 / s t ) 12 and (L0 / s b ) 12
(f) For bare steel beams, (L0 / h 0 + 6 h 0 / Ds ) 5.6; and
for composite beams, (L0 / h 0 + 6 h 0 / Ds ) 6.0
Mid-height of
penetration
st =0.15Ds
L0/st 12
+ve e
L0/h0 3
Ds
h0 =0.7Ds
e
Centroidal axis
of steel beam
L0/sb 12
a =Ds
sb =0.15Ds (bare steel)

sb =0.12Ds (composite)
L0
Figure 6.1 Beam Geometry

Proximity to Concentrated Loads and Supports
The distance from the nearer end of the penetration to the edge of a support shall be not less than
the overall depth of the beam, Ds . When a beam with a web penetration is subjected to a
concentrated load, the following requirements shall also be satisfied.
(a) No concentrated load shall be located within the length of a web penetration.
(b) Bearing stiffeners shall be provided at the loading point when a concentrated load is applied;
- closer than D s 2 to the nearer edge of the penetration unless,
f yw
f yf
d1
bf t w
70 and
9
tw
250
2t f
250
(6.1)
- closer than D s from the nearer edge of the penetration unless,

d1 f yw
bf t w f yf

87 and
11
250
tw
250
2t f
(6.2)
The design of bearing stiffeners shall be in accordance with the requirements of Clause 5.14 of
AS 4100.

DB1.3
17

6.3
Strength Design
Design Objectives
The objective of the strength design method is to ensure that the strength design criterion is not
violated in the region of the web penetration. It is also necessary to check that the beam is
sufficiently strong to resist any local instability of the steel beam plate elements around the
penetration, which can cause lateral buckling of the top T-section or flexural-torsional buckling of the
beam. The latter two modes of buckling apply only to bare steel beams.
The strength design criterion is given in the form of a cubic moment-shear interaction equation:
3
V*
M*
+
M b
Vu
1.0
(6.3)
where, M * and V * are the design action effects at the mid-length of the penetration; and Mb and
Vu are the design moment and shear capacities at the penetration, respectively. The value of
shall be taken as 0.9.
6.4
Design Moment and Shear Capacities - Composite Beams
The design moment capacity, Mb , at the HME of the web penetration is calculated using
rectangular stress block theory in accordance with AS 2327.1. The design moment capacity of the
net section at the penetration, including any web penetration reinforcement, shall not exceed that of
the composite cross-section without the web penetration.
The formulae needed to calculate Mb are given in Appendix A. The calculation procedure is briefly
described below.
(a) Calculate the compressive force in the concrete flange, FcH , and the degree of shear
connection, , using Para. A2.
(b) Determine the depth of the compressive zone in the concrete flange, d c , and the force
components in the cross-section using Para. A3.2.
(c) Determine the design moment capacity, Mb , using the appropriate case given in Para. A3,
depending on the depth of the compressive zone in the cross-section, dh .
The formulae given in Appendix A are based on the following assumptions:
(a) the composite beam cross-section is comprised of a concrete flange and a doubly-symmetric
steel I-section;
(b) penetrations may be either reinforced or unreinforced;
(c) the reinforcement, if any, above and below the penetration are of the same dimensions and
are located horizontally as close as practicable to the edges of the penetration; and
(d) sheeting ribs are deemed to be either perpendicular or parallel to the steel beam.
The design shear capacity in the region of a web penetration in a composite beam is given as:
Vu = (Vt + Vb )
(6.4)
where Vt and Vb are the nominal shear capacities of the top and bottom T-sections, respectively. The
nominal shear capacity, Vu , shall satisfy the conditions given in Eqs 6.37 or 6.41, as applicable.
The nominal shear capacity of the bottom T-section, Vb , is calculated as follows:
DB1.318


where,
6 + b
Vpb Vpb
Vb
sb
(D s h 0 )
L0
sb
(6.8)
sb
s b , or
(6.9)
s b Ar
b + 3
2Fr d r
Vpb sb
(6.6)
2 + e0
(2bf )
(6.7)
[when the penetration is reinforced and
6 + b
b + 3
Vpb
(6.5)
1]
0.6f yw s b t w
(6.10)
The nominal shear capacity of the top T-section, Vt , is calculated as follows:
where,
6 + t
Vpt Vpt + 0.29 f c' Avc
(6.11)
Vt
st
(D s h 0 )
L0
st
(6.14)
st
s t , or
(6.15)
s t Ar
t + 3
2Fr d r + FctHd ctH FctL d ctL

Vpt s t
(6.12)
2 e0
(6.13)
(2bf )
6 + t
t + 3
1]
Vpt
0.6f yw s t t w
(6.16)
Fr
f yr Ar
(6.17)
FctH
= min.(Fc , n H f ds , (Ftf + Ftw + Fr ))
(6.18)
The distance d ctH from the top of the steel cross-section to the line of action of FctH is determined
as:
FctH
d ctH
Dc
FctL
FctH (nH nL ) f ds
(6.19)
1.7 f c' bcf
(6.20)
where, fds is calculated in accordance with AS 2327.1 based on nH shear connectors.

The distance from the top of the steel section to the line of action of FctL is determined as:
d ctL
If
6 + t
t + 3
(1 )hr +
FctL
1.7f c' b cf
(6.21)
> 1.0 in Eq. 6.11, then the nominal shear capacity of the top T-section, Vt , shall be
limited by the following condition:

FctH
f yf t f (bf t w ) + Ar f yr
(6.22)

DB1.3
19

In this case, d ctH , FctL , and d ctL are all to be recalculated based on the value of FctH in Eq. 6.22,
and t shall be recalculated from Eq. 6.12. The nominal shear capacity of the top T-section is then
determined as:
Vt
t
Vpt
t
(6.23)
but limited by,
where,
6.5
Vpt
Vt Vpt + 0.29 f c' Avc
Avc
3D c D c (1 )h r
(6.24)
(6.25)
Design Moment and Shear Capacities - Bare Steel Beams
The design rules given in this section for bare steel beams have been derived using the more
general rules for composite beams given in Section 6.4.
The design moment capacity, Mb , at the HME of the penetration is based on the net section at the
penetration and determined using rectangular stress block theory. The value of Mb shall not
exceed the design moment capacity of the steel section without the penetration.
The formulae presented in Appendix B for the calculation of Mb are only applicable when the
following requirements are satisfied:
(a) the steel beam is a doubly-symmetric I-section; and
(b) the reinforcement, if any, above and below the penetration is of the same dimensions and is
located as close as practicable to the horizontal edges of the penetration.
The design shear capacity, Vu , of a bare steel beam in the region of a web penetration is
determined by evaluating the geometric parameters t , t , b and b for the top and bottom Tsections, and summing the components Vt and Vb , whereby;
Vu
(Vt + Vb )
(6.26)
where Vt and Vb are the nominal shear capacities of the top and bottom T-sections, respectively.
The nominal shear capacity of the bottom T-section shall be calculated as follows:
where,
and
6 + b
Vpb Vpb
sb
(D s h 0 ) 2 + e 0
(6.29)
Vpb
0.6f yw sbt w
(6.30)
Fr
f yr Ar
(6.31)
L0
;
sb
(6.32)
sb
s b , or
(6.33)
s b Ar
b + 3
2Fr d r
;
Vpb sb
(6.28)
(2bf )

6 + b
b + 3
DB1.320
(6.27)
Vb
1]


The nominal shear capacity of the top T-section, Vt , can be calculated using Eqs 6.27 to 6.33 with
Vt , t , t , Vpt and s t substituted for Vb , b , b , Vpb and sb , respectively.
6.6
Stability Considerations
Web Buckling
The strength design method is generally applicable to the design of web penetrations in beams for
which,
f yw
d1
tw
250
87
(6.34)
70
(6.35)
More specifically,
(a) for beams where,
d1 f yw

250
tw
then
L0
h0
3.0
(6.36)
and
Vu
0.4f yw t w D s + Vc
(6.37)
where,
Vc
min.( Vpt ( / 1) 0 , 0.29 fc' Avc )
(6.38)
for composite beams, and

=
0 for bare steel beams.
(b) for beams where,

d f yw
70 < 1
87
250
tw
(6.39)
then
L0
h0
2.2
(6.40)
and
Vu
(6.41)
0.27f yw t w D s
Buckling of Top T-sections
For rectangular penetrations where M * / (V * D s ) > 20 and t > 4 , the top T-section of a bare steel
beam shall be designed as a compression member with an effective length equal to L0 , in
accordance with the requirements of AS 4100. Buckling is unlikely to occur in the top T-section of a
composite beam or in reinforced T-sections.
Flexural-Torsional Buckling
In the case of bare steel beams, the effect of the penetration on flexural-torsional buckling of the
member shall be considered. No specific guidelines are provided in this document.
Note: Some guidance on buckling of beams with web penetrations can be found in [18].
6.7
Detailing
Spacing Between Multiple Penetrations
To be treated as an individual penetration, the clear spacing, S , between multiple penetrations in

both composite and bare steel beams shall satisfy the following requirements.

DB1.3
21

For rectangular penetrations:
V*
Vu
S max . h0 , L0
*
1- V
V
u
(6.42)
For circular penetrations:
V*
Vu
S max .1.5D , D
*
1- V
(6.43)
where, Vu is the nominal shear capacity of the steel beam without a penetration and D is the
diameter of the penetration.
The spacing between multiple penetrations in composite beams shall also satisfy,
S
max. L0 , 2D s
(6.44)
When these criteria are not satisfied, the possible reduction in the strength of the member due to
interaction between penetrations shall be considered. However, no guidelines are provided in this
document for this assessment.
Penetration Reinforcement
Typical reinforcement details are shown in Fig. 4.2. The reinforcement shall be provided in
accordance with the following requirements.
(a) The outstand of the reinforcement shall be compact in accordance with the requirements of
AS 4100.
(b) The reinforcement shall be continuously welded parallel and as close as practicable to the
horizontal edges of the penetration.
(c) The area of reinforcement along each edge of the penetration shall satisfy the condition:
Ar 0.3t w L0
fyw
fyr
(6.45)
(d) The reinforcement shall be extended beyond each end of the penetration by a distance not
less than L0 / 4 or (0.87Ar ) / t w , whichever is greater.
(e) The design capacity of the weld within the length of the penetration shall not be less than twice
the nominal tensile capacity of the reinforcement.
(i.e. design capacity of weld 2 f yr cross-sectional area of one reinforcement plate or flat
bar.)
(f) The design capacity of the weld beyond each end of the penetration shall not be less than the
nominal tensile capacity of the reinforcement.
(i.e. design capacity of weld f yr cross-section area of reinforcement.)
(g) Reinforcement shall be provided equally along the top and bottom horizontal edges of the web
penetration.
A single-side reinforcement arrangement shall not be used unless all of the following conditions are
satisfied:
Ar
DB1.322
Af
3
(6.46)


L0
h0
st
tw
sb
tw
f yw
250
f yw
250
M*
and
V * Ds
2.5
(6.47)
23
(6.48)
23
(6.49)
20 at the mid-length of the penetration.
(6.50)
Slab Reinforcement
TM
It is recommended that DECKMESH be provided in region of the web penetration when the
sheeting ribs are deemed perpendicular to the steel beam (see Fig. 6.2), to control the diagonal
cracking shown in Fig. 3.1. Only one panel width (450 mm) is required.
L0
min. (600,a)
min. 600
DECKMESH
BHP DECKMESH
LME
HME
Notes:
Notes:
(a) DECKMESH
BHP DECKMESH
is available
in modules
of length
600and
mmwidth 450 mm.
(a)
is available
in modules
of length
600 mm
(b)
is required
only when
sheeting
ribs are
perpendicular
to steel
(b) DECKMESH
BHP DECKMESH
is required
only when
sheeting
ribsdeemed
are deemed
perpendicular
to beam
beam
Figure 6.2. DECKMESH
TM
Recommended in the Region of a Web Penetration.
Corner Radii
The corner radii of a rectangular penetration shall be not less than 2t w or 16 mm, whichever is
greater.
6.8
General
The total deflection t ( x ) at a point x (see Fig. 5.2) on the beam is expressed as:
t (x)
= g (x ) + b (x ) + v (x )
(6.51)
where,
g(x)
deflection at point x of the beam without the penetration;
b (x )
v (x )
deflection at point x due to bending from Vierendeel action within the length of
the penetration; and
deflection at point x due to shear deformation within the length of the penetration.
Shear Force Carried by Top T-Section
The design shear force, V * , is assumed to be shared between the top and bottom T-sections as
Vt* and Vb* , respectively. For bare steel and composite beams, Vt* shall be determined as follows:

DB1.3
23

(a) For concentric penetrations in bare steel beams:

V*
2
(b) For eccentric penetrations in bare steel beams:
where,
Vt*
Vt*
V*
(1 + R )
L30
k L
+ B 0
12EI b Gt w s b
L3
k L
0
+ T 0
12EI t Gt w s t
(6.52)
(6.53)
(6.54)
k T and kB are the appropriate shear coefficients for top and bottom T-sections. A value
for R of 1.2 is considered suitable for I-sections used in practice.
(c) For composite beams:
Vt*
= V*
(6.55)
Additional Bending Deflection
The additional deflection due to secondary bending occurs as a result of the rotations of the rigid
arms as shown in Fig. 4.3(c) and 4.3(d).
To determine these rotations, the differential primary moment across the penetration and the
secondary moment due to Vierendeel action must first be determined.
The differential design bending moment, M d* , acting across the web penetration is calculated as:
M d*
where, MH*
and
ML*
= MH* ML*
(6.56)
are the design bending moments at the high and low moment ends, respectively.
The secondary moment induced by Vierendeel action across the web penetration is defined as:
*
M se
Vt * L 0
2
(6.57)
where Vt* is the shear force carried by the top T-section, and is calculated using Eqns 6.52, 6.53 or
6.55, as appropriate.
Hence, the rotations at the low and high moment ends of the web penetration are given as:
L
*
M se
I 0 L20 2L0 (3b + 2L 0 ) M d* I t L0 (3b + 2L 0 )
6EI 0 I t L
(M I
*
d t
*
+ 2M se
I 0 L0
2EI 0 I t
(6.58)
(6.59)
where I0 is the second moment of area of the gross cross-section including the web penetration, I t
is the second moment of area of the top T-section, and b and L are the dimensions shown in
Fig. 4.3(a).
The additional bending deflection, b , of the beam due to the web penetration is given as:
For x a ;
b (x)
DB1.324
x L
(6.60)


For x a + L0 ;
b (x)
= (L x ) H
(6.61)
Additional Shear Deflection
The additional deflection due to shear deformation in the T-sections causes the rigid arms to rotate
as shown in Fig. 4.3(c) and (d). These rotations, L' and H' , are calculated as follows:
L'
2L0 's
3 bL
(6.62)
H'
'
s L'
b
(6.63)
where the additional shear deflection ignoring geometric continuity (see Fig. 4.3(c)) is given by:
's
kVt* L0
Gs t t w
(6.64)
The additional deflection, v , of the beam due to the web penetration is given as:
For x a ;
v (x )
x L'
v (x )
= (L x ) H'
(6.65)
For x a + L0 ;
(6.66)

DB1.3
25

7. AIDS FOR STRENGTH DESIGN

7.1
General
To assist the design of penetrations in accordance with the method given in Section 6, a series of
TM
design tables and a spreadsheet program named WEBPEN are provided.
TM
Details about WEBPEN
are given in Section 7.2.
The major calculation effort in the strength design method is spent determining Mb and Vu at the
penetration. The design tables allow these values to be readily determined for a wide range of
situations covering both bare steel and composite beams. These design tables are suitable for use
during the preliminary design stage as well as for final design. A brief description of the tables is
given in Section 7.3 and the tables are given in Appendix C.
7.2
WEBPENTM Spreadsheet Program

TM
TM
The WEBPEN spreadsheet program runs on Microsoft EXCEL

TM
given in Appendix C were generated using WEBPEN .
Version 7. The design tables
The input data required for the spreadsheet includes:

(a) Steel section data - chosen from an in-built section library that includes all relevant properties
for UB and WB sections.
(b) Concrete flange data: bcf , D c , f c' and c .
(c) Profiled steel sheeting data: rib height; and angle of sheeting ribs to steel beam longitudinal
axis.
(d) Geometry of the penetration: rectangular/circular, height/diameter, length and eccentricity.
(e) Shear connector data: nominal shear capacity; number of shear connectors from the HME to
the nearer end of beam; and number of shear connectors within the length of the penetration.
(f) Penetration reinforcement data: plate width; thickness; and nominal yield stress.
(g) Design action effect data: M * and V * values at the mid-length of the penetration.
For a given configuration with M * and V * values at the penetration having been determined, the
spreadsheet will calculate the design capacities M b and Vu and plot the design point in relation to
the moment-shear interaction curve, allowing the designer to determine whether or not the trial
geometry and location of the penetration is satisfactory. The designer can easily trial several
combinations of penetration geometries and locations until a satisfactory solution is obtained. A
TM
typical moment-shear interaction curve output from WEBPEN is shown in Fig. 7.1.
DB1.326


WEBPENTM RESULTS
900
MOMENT (kNm)
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0
200
400
600
800
SHEAR FORCE (kN)
Figure 7.1 Typical Output of WEBPEN
7.3
TM
Design Capacity Tables
The design capacity tables given in Appendix C can be used to calculate M b and Vu for a wide
range of bare steel and composite beams with concentric web penetrations of various proportions.
The parametric range covered in the tables is given in Table 7.1. A detailed description of the
parameters given in the tables and how the tables may be used to calculate M b and Vu is given in
Paragraphs C2 and C3, respectively.
Table 7.1 Parametric Range of Design Capacity Tables
Parameter
Range
Flange width ( bcf )
1200, 1600 and 2100 mm
Concrete strength ( f c' )
Grades 25 and 32
Slab thickness ( D c )
120 mm
Direction of sheeting ribs
. ) and
Perpendicular ( = 10
parallel ( = 0 ) to steel beam
Steel beam
(300PLUS )
700WB115 to 800WB192
310UB32 to 610UB125
Penetration size
Circular: h 0 / D s = 0.3, 0.5 & 0.7

Rectangular:
h 0 / D s = 0.3, 0.5 & 0.7; and

L0 / h 0 = 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0

DB1.3
27

8. WORKED EXAMPLES
8.1
General
Two worked examples are presented to demonstrate the strength and deflection design methods
given in Section 6. They involve the design of a web penetration in an unpropped simply-supported
composite beam for Construction Stage 3 (i.e. bare steel beam), and the in-service condition, as
defined in AS 2327.1:
Example 1
Strength design of a bare steel beam with a rectangular web penetration for Construction Stage 3,
using hand calculations and the design capacity tables given in Appendix C.
Example 2
Strength and deflection design of a composite beam with a rectangular web penetration for the inservice condition, using hand calculations and the design capacity tables given in Appendix C.
It is assumed that the composite beam without the penetration has been designed in accordance
with AS 2327.1.
8.2
Beam and Penetration Data
The beam data and the preferred size and location of the penetration are given in Table 8.1:
Table 8.1 Worked Example Geometry and Properties
Span ( L )
10.5 m
Spacing of secondary beams
2.6 m
Steel beam
410UB53.7, 300PLUS
( D s = 403 mm, bf = 178 mm, t f = 10.9 mm, t w = 7.6 mm,
d1 = 381 mm, f yw = 320 MPa, f yf = 320 MPa )
Slab depth ( Dc )
120 mm (composite slab, hr = 55 mm)
Orientation of sheeting
Sheeting ribs perpendicular to the steel beam
Concrete strength ( fc )
25 MPa
Density of concrete
25 kN/m (including allowance for reinforcement)
Superimposed dead load
0.3 kPa (services and ceilings)
Reducible Live load
4.0 kPa
Shear connectors
19 mm diameter
Penetration
Penetration centreline located at 3300 mm from the support
h0 = 225 mm ( = 0.56D s ) , L0 = 425 mm ( = 19

. h0 )
Concentric with no reinforcement (see Fig. 8.1), therefore
s t = sb = (Ds h 0 ) 2 = 89 mm
The assumptions made in the calculations are as follows:

(a) the steel and composite beams are assumed to be simply-supported during construction and
the in-service condition; and
(b) the maximum ponding deflection of the profiled steel sheeting equals 10.4 mm.
DB1.328


f'c= 25 MPa
Dc=120
410UB53.7, BHP-300PLUS
h0=225
3088
L0=425
6987
3300
L=10500
Figure 8.1 Beam Geometry
8.3
Example 1
This worked example demonstrates the strength design procedure for a web penetration in a bare
steel beam for Construction Stage 3, using hand calculations and design capacity tables given in
Appendix C.
Calculation of Design Action Effects at Mid-Length of Web Penetration
The minimum nominal loads for construction given in Paragraph F2 of AS 2327.1 are used.
The effective span and tributary area are calculated in accordance with the requirements of
AS 2327.1.
Span (L )
= 10.5 m
Tributary area = 27.3 m

Steel beam self-weight
Weight of slab (including ponding)
Dead load (G)
Reducible Construction live load
= 0.5 kN/m
3
= (0.12 m + 0.7x2.6/250) x 25 kN/m x 2.6 m = 8.3 kN/m
= 0.5+8.3 = 8.8 kN/m
= 10
. (27.3 23 ) / (46 23) (10
. 0.6) 2.6 = 2.4 kN/m
Live load (Q) = 2.4 kN/m

Design load (W) = 1.25 x 8.81 + 1.5 x 2.4 = 14.6 kN/m
Support reaction = 76.6 kN
At mid-length of web penetration:

M * = 173 kNm
V * = 28.4 kN
Preliminary Check
Ensure the conditions given in Section 6.2 are satisfied:
h 0 = 225 mm = 0.56D s 0.7Ds
for bare steel beams: (L0 h 0 + 6 h 0 Ds ) = 5.2 5.6
s t = 89 mm 0.15Ds = 60.5 mm
for bare steel beams: sb = 89 mm 0.15D s
no concentrated loads are applied to the beam, thus loading does not restrict the position of the
web penetration
Satisfactory
Satisfactory
Satisfactory in Construction Stage 3
Satisfactory
Satisfactory in Construction Stage 3

DB1.3
29

distance to nearest end support = 3088 mm > Ds
the ratios L0 s t , L0 s b = 425/89 = 4.8 < 12
the slenderness of the web will also influence the maximum allowable length-to-height ratio of a
penetration and the maximum nominal shear capacity of the member (see Section 6.6).
For 410UB53.7,
f yw
d1
250
tw
Therefore,
for bare steel beams,
Satisfactory
Satisfactory
= 56.7 < 70
L0
h0
3.0; and
Vu
0.4f yw t w D s
Strength Design by Hand Calculation

Determine the depth of the compressive stress zone, d h , and nominal moment capacity, M b , of the
steel cross-section at the HME of the web penetration, using the formulae given in Paragraph B2 of
Appendix B.
As the penetration is concentric and unreinforced, Ftw = Fbw (= Atw f yw = 190 kN) and Fr = 0. In
addition Ftf = Fbf (= 621 kN) (as the 410UB53.7 section is compact in accordance with AS 2327.1).
Therefore, using Eqs B1 and B2 for Case1;
dh
=
=
t w f yw (s t + t f ) + 2Fr + Fbw + Fbf Ftf

2t w f yw
7.6 320 (89.0 + 10.9) + 2 0 + 190E3 + 621E 3 621E 3

2 7.6 320
= 89.0 mm
and
Mb
) 2 + (s t d h ) 2 2
+ Fr (D s + s t s b 2d h ) + Fbw (D s d h (s b + t f ) 2)
+ Fbf (D s d h t f / 2)
= Ftf d h t f / 2 + t w f yw d h t f
621E 3 (89 10.9 / 2) + 7.6 320 (89 10.9) + 0 2
+ 0 + 190E 3 403 89 (89 + 10.9) 2

+ 621E 3(403 89 10.9 / 2)
= 303 kNm
]2
Therefore, the design moment capacity of the cross-section at the penetration is;
M b = 273 kNm
From Eq. 6.4,

Vu = (Vt + Vb )
Nominal shear capacity of the bottom T-section:
Using Eqs 6.27 to 6.33,
Vb
DB1.330
6 + b
b + 3
Vpb Vpb


where,
and
Therefore,
2Fr d r
= 0 (since unreinforced)
Vpb sb
L0
425
=
= 4.78
sb
89
Vpb
0.6f yw s b t w = 0.6 320 89 7.6 = 130 kN
Vb
6 +0
4.78 + 3
48.9
kN
=
130 130 kN
Nominal shear capacity of the top T-section:

Using the same equations as for the bottom T-section calculations,
Vt
= 48.9 kN
The design shear capacity is,

Vu = (Vt + Vb )
0.9 (48.9 + 48.9 ) = 88 kN
To satisfy the web buckling considerations given in Section 6.6,

Vu (=97.8 kN) 0.4f yw t w D s
0.4 320 7.6 403 = 392 kN
O.K
To satisfy the considerations for buckling of the top T-section given in Section 6.6,
M * V * Ds
= 15.1 < 20
criterion satisfied
Applying the moment-shear interaction relationship given in Eq. 6.3,

3
173
28.4
+
88.0
273
= 0.29 10
.
strength criterion satisfied
Strength Design using Tables

Since h 0 / D s = 0.56 for the penetration, determine M b and Vu values by interpolating between
the values obtained from Table C26 for h 0 / D s = 0.5 and Table C27 for h 0 / D s = 0.7 .
Values of the design moment capacity of a bare steel beam with a web penetration, M b.0 , are given
in the fifth column of the tables. By interpolation, the design moment capacity are calculated as,
M b
269
0.56 0.5
(269 255) = 265 kNm
0.7 0.5
Values of the design shear capacity of a bare steel beam with a web penetration are given in the
columns with headings Vu.0 for different web penetration aspect ratios.
Since L0 h 0 = 19
. for the penetration, first interpolate between the columns corresponding to
L 0 h 0 = 15
. and L0 h 0 = 2.0 in each table, and then interpolate between those values to determine
Vu.0 corresponding to h 0 D s = 0.56 .
Value of Vu.0 from Table C26 = 137
Value of Vu.0 from Table C27 =
45
19
. 15
.
(137 113) = 118 kN
2.0 15
.
19
. 15
.
(45 35) = 37.0 kN
2.0 15
.

DB1.3
31

Vu
= 118 +
0.7 0.56
(118 37 ) = 93.6 kN
0.7 0.5
Applying the moment-shear interaction relationship given in Eq. 6.3,

3
173
28.4
265
93.6
8.4
.
= 0.31 10
Example 2
This worked example demonstrates the strength design procedure for a web penetration in a
composite beam (described in Section 8.2) for the in-service condition, using hand calculations and
design capacity tables given in Appendix C.
It is assumed that the composite beam without the penetration has already been designed in
accordance with AS 2327.1. The resulting shear connector distribution given in Fig. 8.2 shows that
the number of 19 mm shear connectors from HME to the nearer end of the beam is 9 (i.e. n H = 9 ).
14
No. of Connectors
12
Recommended shear connector
10
distribution (from COMPBEAMTM)
8
6
nL= 8
nH= 9
4
2
LME
HME
0
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000 10500
Position along the Beam
Figure 8.2 Shear Connector Distribution

Design Action Effects at Mid-Length of Web Penetration
The effective span and tributary area are calculated in accordance with AS 2327.1.
Span (L )
= 10.5 m
Tributary area = 27.3 m

Total dead load of beam (G) =
8.8 + 0.3 2.6 = 9.6 kN/m
From Section 4 of AS 1170.1, the permissible live load reduction equals, 75
350
27.3
= 8%
Reducible live load (Q) = 4 x 0.92 x 2.6 = 9.6 kN/m

Design load (W) = 1.25 x 9.6 + 1.5 x 9.6 = 26.4 kN/m
Support reaction = 138.6 kN

Therefore, at mid-length of the web penetration:
M * = 138.6 3.3 26.4 3.3 2 / 2 = 314 kNm
V * = 138.6 26.4 3.3 = 51.4 kN
Preliminary Check
In addition to the preliminary checks performed in Example 1 for the bare steel beam, the following
additional checks must be made for the composite beam.
DB1.332


Effective Width of Concrete Compression Flange

Using Clause 5.2.2 of AS 2327.1,
bcf = 2 min. 10500 , 2600 , 178 + 8 120
8
2
2
= 2098 mm
Web Buckling
Check for web buckling conditions given in Section 6.6:

For 410UB53.7,
Therefore,
f yw
d1
tw
250
= 56.7 < 70
L0
h0
3.0; and
Vu
0.4f yw t w D s + min.( Vpt ( t / t 1) 0 , 0.29 fc' Avc )
Compressive Force in Concrete Flange at HME
The compressive force in the concrete at the HME of the web penetration, FcH , is calculated using
the equations presented in Paragraph A2 of Appendix A.
The compressive capacity of the concrete flange, Fc , is calculated as follows:
Fc
= Fc1 + Fc2
Fc1 =
0.85f c' bcf (D c hr )
= 0.85 25 2098 (120 55) = 2898 kN
Fc
= 0.85 f c' bcf hr

= 0.85 25 2098 0.0 55 = 0 kN
= 2898 kN
fds
Fc2
Therefore,
Since nH = 9,
k n f vs
= 0.85 118
. 0.18 89 = 84.7 kN
9
Therefore,
nHf ds
= 9 84.7 = 762 kN
From Eq. A7,

ne
Fs
Afi yi
i =1
= 2 178 10.9 320 + 2 (89 10.9) 7.6 320 = 1622 kN

From Eq. A8,
FcH
= min.( Fc , nHf ds , Fs )
= min.( 2898, 762, 1622 ) = 762 kN
Fcc
= min.(Fc , Fs )
From Eqs A10 and A9,
= min.(2898,1622) = 1622 kN
= n H f ds Fcc 1
= 762 / 1622 = 0.47

DB1.3
33

Strength Design by Hand Calculation

Use the formulae given in Para. A3.2.

From previous calculations,
FcH
Fc
= 762 kN
= 2898 kN
Fr
= 1622 kN
= 2898 kN
= 0 kN (penetration is unreinforced)
dc
= FcH
Fs
Fc1
Since FcH Fc ,
(0.85b f )
'
cf c
[Eq. A11]
= 762E 3 (0.85 2098 25 ) = 17.1 mm

Since top flange is compact,
Ftf
= beff t f f yf = 178 10.9 320 = 621 kN
[Eq. A12]
Since Fs 2Ftf < FcH Fs , Case 2 in Para. A3.2 is applicable.

From Eq. A20,
dh
= 128 mm
From Eq. A21,

M b = 408 kNm
Therefore, the design moment capacity of the composite cross-section at the penetration is:
M b = 367 kNm
From Eq. 6.4,

Vu = (Vt + Vb )
The nominal shear capacity of the bottom T-section, Vb , is the same as that calculated for the bare
steel beam in Example 1.
Therefore,
= 48.9 kN
The nominal shear capacity of the top T-section, Vt , is calculated as:
Vb
Vt
where,
Vpt
t
t
and
where,
= 0.6 320 89 7.6 = 130 kN

L0
425
=
=
= 4.78
st
89
=
2Fr d r + FctHd ctH FctL d ctL

Vpt s t
FctH
= min.(Fc , n H f ds , (Ftf + Ftw + Fr ))

= min.(2898, 762, (621 + 190 + 0)) = 762 kN
d ctH
= Dc
=
DB1.334
6 + t
Vpt Vpt + 0.29 f c' Avc

t + 3
= 0.6f yw s t t w
FctH
1.7 f c' bcf

111.5 mm
= 120
762 10 3
1.7 25 2098
[Eq. 6.11]
[Eq. 6.16]
[Eq. 6.14]
[Eq. 6.12]
[Eq. 6.18]
[Eq. 6.19]


FctL
= FctH (nH nL ) f ds = 762 10 3 1 84.7 10 3 [Eq. 6.20]

= 677.3 kN
d ctL
(1 )hr +
FctL
1.7f c' b cf
= 55 +
677.3 10 3
1.7 25 2098
[Eq. 6.21]
= 62.6 mm
0 + 762 10 3 1115
. 677.3 10 3 62.6
= 3.68
130 89
Therefore,
and
Vt
Check,
Vt
Vpt + 0.29 f c' Avc = 130 + 0.29 25 23.4
6 + t
Vpt =
t + 3
= 164 kN
6 + 3.68
4.78 + 3
130 = 122 kN
O.K
Therefore,
Vt = 122 kN
Substituting the values of Vb and Vt in Eq. 6.4,
Vu = (Vt + Vb )
= 0.9 (122 + 48.9) = 154 kN
To satisfy the web buckling conditions given by Eqs 6.37 and 6.38 in Section 6.6,
Vu (=171 kN)
0.4f yw t w D s + min.( Vpt ( / 1) 0 , 0.29 fc' Avc )

0.4 320 7.6 403 + min.( 130(3.68 / 4.78 1) 0 ,
392 kN
O.K
To satisfy the condition for buckling of the top T-section given in Section 6.6,
M * V * Ds
= 15 < 20
criterion satisfied
0.29 25 23.4 )
O.K
Substituting the calculated values of M * , V * , M b and Vu in Eq. 6.3,

3
314
.
514
154
367
= 0.66 10
.
Strength Design using Tables

Since h 0 / D s = 0.56 for the penetration, determine M b and Vu values by interpolating the values
obtained from Tables C26 and C27 that correspond to h 0 / D s = 0.5 and h 0 / D s = 0.7 , respectively.
Interpolating between Tables C26 and C27 to calculate

h 0 / D s = 0.56 ,
The number of studs to HME,
0.56 0.5
(0.79 0.70 ) = 0.76
0.7 0.5
= 0.79
Fcc
= 1710
n max
Fcc and n max for the penetration with
0.56 0.5
(1716 1527) = 1653 kN
0.7 0.5
0.56 0.5
(19 17 ) = 18
0.7 0.5
OK since n H < n max (see Fig. 3.3)
= 19
nH = 9

DB1.3
35

From previous calculations,

FcH
= 762 kN and = 0.47
Interpolating between Tables C26 and C27 to determine the design moment capacities M b.0 and
M b.5 corresponding to h 0 / D s = 0.56 ,
M b.0
= 269
0.56 0.5
(269 255 ) = 265 kNm
0.7 0.5
M b.5
= 385
0.56 0.5
(385 341) = 372 kNm
0.7 0.5
Now, interpolate between the values of
M b.0 and M b.5 to determine M b corresponding to
= 0.46 ,
M b
0.46 0.0
= 265 +
(372 265) = 363 kNm
0.5 0.0
First interpolate between the columns corresponding to L 0 h 0 = 15

. and L0 h 0 = 2.0 in Tables C26
. ,
and C27 to determine Vu.0 and Vu.5 for L0 h 0 = 19
19
. 15
.
(137 113) = 118 kN
2.0 15
.
19
. 15
.
(201 182) = 185 kN
2.0 15
.
19
. 15
.
(45 35) = 37.0 kN
2.0 15
.
19
. 15
.
(102 90 ) = 96 kN
2.0 15
.
Secondly, interpolate between these values to determine the moment capacities Vu.0 and Vu.5
corresponding to h 0 / D s = 0.56 ,
118
0.56 0.5
(118 37) = 94 kN
0.7 0.5
Vu.0
Vu.5
0.56 0.5
= 185
(185 96) = 158 kN
0.7 0.5
Finally, interpolate between the values of Vu.0 and Vu.5 to determine the value of Vu
corresponding to = 0.46 ,
Vu
0.5 0.46
= 158
(158 94) = 153 kN
0.5 0.0
Substituting the calculated values of M * , V * , M b and Vu in Eq. 6.3,

3
314
.
514
+
153
363
= 0.68 10
.
Deflection Calculations
In this example, the additional deflection component calculated corresponds to short-term loading
during the in-service condition. The design load, W , for short-term loading is given as:
W = G sup + s Q
= 0.78 + 0.7 9.6 = 7.5 kN/m
The design action effects at the web penetration resulting from the in-service loading are:
DB1.336


V*
= 14.6 kN (calculated at the mid-length of the penetration)
M H*
= 92 kNm
M L*
= 86 kNm
From Eqs 6.56 and 6.57,

= MH* ML*
= 92-86 = 6 kNm
Vt * L 0
*
M se
=
2
14.6 0.425
=
= -3.1 kNm
2
The second moment of area of the composite cross-section at the web penetration can be calculated
as,
4
I 0 = 510 10 6 mm
Similarly, the second moment of area of the top T-section can be calculated as,
M d*
I t = 30.90 10 6 mm
The modular ratio used in these calculations was based on the short-term properties of the concrete
in accordance with AS 2327.1.
4
Additional Deflection due to Bending
From Fig. 8.1,

a = 3088 mm and b = 6987 mm
From Eq. 6.58,

L
))
3.1E 6 510E 6 425 2 2 425(3 6987 + 2 425 )
6E 6 30.9E 6 425 (3 6987 + 2 425)
= 137 10
H
*
2
*
M se I 0 L0 2L0 3b + 2L 0 M d I t L0 3b + 2L 0
=
6EI 0 I t L
(M I
*
d t
6 2E 5 510E 6 30.9E 6 10500

rad
*
+ 2M se
I 0 L0
2EI 0 I t
(6E 6 30.9E 6 + 2 ( 3.1E 6) 510E 6) 425 137E 6
2 2E 5 510E 6 30.9E 6
63.7 10 rad
6
Therefore, the additional bending deflections at the HME and at midspan are:
b at the HME =
6987 63.7 10 6 = 0.4 mm
b at midspan =
5250 63.7 10 6 = 0.3 mm
Additional Shear Deflection

The additional shear deflection is determined from the rotation at the HME resulting from the shear
force carried by the top T-section.
From Eq. 6.64,
's
kVt L0
Gs t t w

DB1.3
37

=
L'
From Eq. 6.62,
=
=
H'
From Eq. 6.63,
12
. 14.6 10 3 425
80 10 3 (89 7.6 )
= 0.1 mm
2L0 's
3 bL
2 425 0.14
= 541 10 9 rad
3 6987 10500
'
s L'
b
0.14
9
= 19.5 10 6 rad
541 10
6987
Thus, the additional shear deflections at the HME and at mid-span are:
=
v at the HME =
6987 19.5 10 6 = 0.1 mm
v at midspan =
5250 19.5 10 6 = 0.1 mm
Total Additional Deflections
The total additional deflection of the beam at the in-service condition is the sum of the bending and
shear components.
( b + v ) at the HME
( b + v ) at midspan
= 0.4+0.1 = 0.5 mm
= 0.3+0.1 = 0.4 mm
For this particular example, the additional deflections due to the penetration are not significant.
DB1.338


9. REFERENCES
1. Standards Australia, Steel Structures, AS 4100-1990.
2. Standards Australia, Composite Structures, Part 1: Simply-Supported Beams, AS 2327.1-1996.
3. OneSteel Market Mills, Design of Simply Supported Composite Beams for Strength (To Australian
nd
Standard AS 2327.1-1996), Composite Structures Design Manual DB1.1, 2 Ed., February, 2001.
4. American Society of Civil Engineers, Task Committee on Design Criteria for Composite
Structures in Steel and Concrete, Proposed Specification for Structural Steel Beams with Web
Openings, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 118(12), 1992, pp. 3315-3349.
5. Chick, C.G., Dayawansa, P.H. and Patrick, M., Design of Composite Beams with Large Steel
th
Web Penetrations, 15 Aust. Conf. on the Mech. of Struct. and Mat., Melb., Australia, 1997,
pp. 159-164.
6. Chick, C.G., Dayawansa, P.H. and Patrick, M., Strength Design of Simply-Supported Composite
Beams with Large Steel Web Penetrations, Aust. Struct. Engg. Conf., Auck., New Zealand, 1998,
pp. 159-166.
7. Tse, D. and Dayawansa, P.H., Elastic Deflection of Steel and Composite Beams with Web
Penetrations, The Structural Engineer, J. of the Inst. of Struct. Eng., 70(21), 1992, pp. 372-376.
8. Redwood, R.G. and Cho, S.H., Design of Steel and Composite Beams with Web Openings,
J. Construct. Steel Research, 25, 1993, pp. 23-41.
9. Lawson. R.M., Design for Openings in the Webs of Composite Beams, CIRIA Special Publication
51, CIRIA/SCI, London, 1987.
10. Oehlers, D.J. and Bradford, M.A., Composite Steel and Concrete Structural Members:
Fundamental Behaviour, Pergamon, 1995.
11. Chick, C.G., Dayawansa, P.H. and Goh, C.C., Reliability Analysis to Determine -factor for
Strength Design of Web Penetrations, BHP Melbourne Research Laboratories Report.
TM
12. OneSteel Reinforcing, DECKMESH , September, 2000.

13. Patrick, M., The Application of Structural Steel Decking in Commercial and Residential Buildings,
Malaysian Structural Steel Association Convention, (Paper 6), December, 1998.
14. Watson, K.B., Dallas, S., van der Kreek, N. and Main, T., Costing of Steelwork from Feasibility
through to Completion, Steel Construction Journal, AISC, 30(2), 1996.
15. Patrick, M., Tse, D. and Wilkie, R., Combined Shear-Tension Testing of the Hilti HVB Shear
Connector, Structural Steel PSSC 95 4th Pacific Structural Steel Conference, Vol. 3, SteelConcrete Composite Structures, Pergamon, 1995, pp. 203-210.
16. Patrick, M., Dayawansa, P.H. and Watson, K.B., A New Reinforcing Component for Preventing
Longitudinal Shear Failure of Composite Edge Beams, Structural Steel PSSC 95 4th Pacific
Structural Steel Conference, Vol. 3, Steel-Concrete Composite Structures, Pergamon, 1995,
pp. 101-108.
17. Patrick, M., Dayawansa, P.H., Eadie, I., Watson, K.B. and van der Kreek, N., Australian
Composite Structures Standard AS 2327, Part 1: Simply-Supported Beams, Steel Construction
Journal, AISC, 29(4), December, 1995, pp. 2-40.
18. Redwood, R.G. and Shrivastava, S.C., Design Recommendations for Steel Beams with Web
Holes, Can. J. Civ. Engg., 7(4), 1980, pp. 642-650.
19. OneSteel Market Mills, Design of the Shear Connection of Simply Supported Composite Beams
st
(To Australian Standard AS 2327.1-1996), Composite Structures Design Manual DB1.2, 1 Ed.,
February, 2001.

DB1.3
39

APPENDIX A
NOMINAL MOMENT CAPACITY - COMPOSITE BEAM
A1
General
The equations required to determine the nominal moment capacity, M b , of a composite beam crosssection with a web penetration are presented in this appendix. It is assumed that at the penetration
the steel beam is a doubly-symmetric I-section. The equations are derived using the cross-section at
the HME of the penetration and are based on rectangular stress block theory.
A2
Forces at the HME of Penetration
Compressive Capacity of Concrete Flange
The design compressive capacity of the concrete flange, Fc , is given as:

=
Fc1 + Fc 2
Fc1 =
0.85f c' bcf
Fc2
0.85 f c' bcf hr
Fc
where,
(A1)
( D c hr )
(A2)
(A3)
Fc1 and Fc2 are the design compressive capacities of the concrete flange above and within the depth
of the steel sheeting ribs, respectively. Parameter in Eq. A3 is dependent on the orientation of the
sheeting ribs with respect to the longitudinal axis of the steel beam, expressed as a function of the
acute angle between the sheeting ribs and the longitudinal axis of the steel beam.
= 10
.
for 0 < 15
(A4)
for > 15
(A5)
0.0
Design Shear Capacity of Shear Connectors
The design shear capacity, fds , of a shear connector acting in a group of n connectors is given as:
fds = k n f vs
(A6)
where, is the capacity factor for shear connectors, taken as 0.85 (see Table 3.1 of AS 2327), and
the load sharing factor, kn , is given by Eq. 8.3.4.(2) of AS 2327.1 as:
kn
= 118
. 0.18 / n
The values of f vs are given in Section 8 of AS 2327.1.

Nominal Capacity of Steel Cross-section
The nominal tensile capacity of the steel section, Fs , is given as the sum of all the nominal tensile
capacities of the steel elements at the web penetration cross-section, i.e.:
ne
Fs
Afi yi
(A7)
i =1
where, Ai and fyi are the cross-sectional area and yield stress, respectively, of the components
comprising the steel the top flange, the steel web at top T-section, the penetration reinforcement (if
present), the steel web at the bottom T-section and the steel bottom flange.
Maximum Compressive Force in Concrete Flange
The maximum compressive force that can develop in the concrete flange at the HME of the
penetration, FcH , is given as:
FcH
= min.( Fc , n H f ds , Fs )
(A8)
and the degree of shear connection at the HME of the penetration, , is given as:
DB1.340


where,
A3
F cc
= min.( n H f ds / F cc , 1)
(A9)
= min.( Fc , Fs )
(A10)
Nominal Moment Capacity of Composite Beam Cross-Section
A3.1 Compression in Part of Steel Beam

When part of the top flange, or part of the top flange and part of the web in the top and bottom steel
T-sections of the steel beam are in compression, account shall be taken of the slenderness of each
of these plate elements either partially or fully in compression, in order to determine the effective
portion of the steel beam. The effective portion of the steel beam shall be determined in accordance
with Clause 5.2.3 of AS 2327.1.
A3.2 Nominal Moment Capacity

Equations are formulated to enable the calculation of nominal moment capacities based on
rectangular stress block theory. The depth of the compressive stress block in the concrete flange,
d c , measured from the top face of the concrete flange, is given as:
dc
FcH 0.85bcf f c'
(A11)
Depending on the magnitude of the compressive force FcH in the concrete flange, the nominal
moment capacity of the composite beam cross-section with a penetration, M b , can be determined
using the formula below.
The following force terms will be used:
where,
Ftf
Atf.eff f yf
(A12)
Ftw
Atw f yw
(A13)
Fr
Ar f yr
(A14)
Fbw
Abw f yw
(A15)
Fbf
Af f yf
(A16)
Atf.eff
beff t f
(A17)
and b eff is the effective width of the top flange of the steel beam, noting that b eff equals b f when
the top flange is compact.
Case 1:
If FcH (Fc1 + Fc2 ) and FcH Fs , the plastic neutral axis of the composite cross-section is located in
the cover slab of the concrete flange. The depth of compressive zone, d h , and the nominal moment
capacity of the composite cross-section, M b , are given by:
dh
(Dc hr ) FcH
Mb
FcH (d h 2) + Ftf (D c + t f / 2 d h )
Fc1
(A18)
(
)
+ Fbw (D c d h + D s (s b + t f ) 2)
+ Ftw D c d h + (s t + t f ) 2 + Fr (2D c 2d h + s t s b )
+ Fbf D c d h + D s t f / 2
(A19)

DB1.3
41

Case 2:
If Fs 2Ftf < FcH Fs , the plastic neutral axis of the composite cross-section is located within the
top flange of the steel beam. The depth of compressive zone, d h , and the nominal moment capacity
of the composite cross-section, M b , are given by:
t f beff f yf + Ftw + 2Fr + Fbw + Fbf FcH
dh
Dc +
Mb
FcH d h d c 2 + beff f yf d h D c
(A20)
2beff f yf
+ b eff f yf D c + t f d h
)2 / 2
) 2 / 2 + Ftw (Dc d h + (s t + t f ) 2)
+ Fr (2Dc 2d h + s t s b + D s )
(
+ Fbf (D c d h + D s t f 2)
+ Fbw D c d h + D s (s b + t f ) 2
(A21)
Case 3:
If
(F
2(Ftf + Ftw ) < FcH Fs 2Ftf , the plastic neutral axis of the composite cross-section is
located within the top web of the steel beam. The depth of compressive zone, d h , and the nominal
moment capacity of the composite cross-section, M b , are given by:
dh
Mb
f yw t w (2D c + s t + t f ) + 2Fr + Fbw + Fbf Ftf FcH
2f yw t w
FcH dh dc 2 + Ftf dh Dc t f / 2
+ t w fyw (dh Dc t f ) + ( Dc + st dh )
2
+Fr (2Dc 2dh + st sb + Ds )
(A22)
]/2
+Fbw Dc dh + Ds ( sb + t f ) 2
+ Fbf ( Dc + Ds dh t f / 2)
(A23)
Case 4:
If Fs 2(Ftf + Ftw + Ftr ) < FcH Fs 2( Ftf + Ftw ) , the plastic neutral axis of the composite crosssection is located within the top stiffener of the steel beam. The depth of compressive zone, d h , and
the nominal moment capacity of the composite cross-section, M b , are given by:
dh
Mb
f yr br 2D c + 2s t t r + Fr + Fbw + Fbf FcH Ftw Ftf

2f yr br
.(A24)
FcH (d h d c 2) + Ftf (d h D c t f / 2)
+ Ftw d h D c (s t + t f ) 2
+ br f yr 2 (d h D c s t + t r ) + ( D c + s t d h )
+Fr (Dc + Ds dh sb + t f 2)
+ Fbw D c d h + D s (s b + t f ) 2
DB1.342
(A25)


Case 5:
If Fs 2 Ftf + Ftw + Ftr + Fbr
)) < FcH (Fs 2(Ftf + Ftw + Ftr )) , the plastic neutral axis of the composite
cross-section is located within the bottom stiffener of the steel beam. The depth of compressive
zone, d h , and the nominal moment capacity of the composite cross-section, M b , are given by:
dh
Mb
f yr br 2(D c + D s s b ) + t r + Fbw + Fbf FcH Ftw Fr Ftf

2f yr br
.(A26)
+ Ftw dh Dc (st + t f ) 2 + Fr (dh Dc st + tr 2)
+ br fyr (dh Dc Ds + sb ) + ( Dc + Ds sb + tr dh )
2
+ Fbw D c d h + D s (s b + t f ) 2
]/2
(A27)
Case 6:
If Fs 2 Ftf + Ftw + Ftr + Fbr + Fbw
)) < FcH (Fs 2(Ftf Ftw Ftr Fbr )) , the plastic neutral axis of the
composite cross-section is located within the bottom web of the steel beam. The depth of
compressive zone, d h , and the nominal moment capacity of the composite cross-section, M b , are
given by:
dh
Mb
f yw t w (2D c + 2D S s b t f ) + Fbf 2Fr Ftw Ftf FcH

2f yw t w
.(A28)
+Ftw dh Dc ( st + t f ) 2 + Fr ( 2dh 2Dc Ds st + sb )
+ t w fyw (dh Dc Ds + sb ) + ( Dc + Ds t f dh )
]/2
(A29)

DB1.3
43

APPENDIX B
NOMINAL MOMENT CAPACITY - BARE STEEL BEAM
B1
General
The simplified equations required to determine the nominal moment capacity of a bare steel beam
with a web penetration are presented in this appendix. The equations are derived based on the
following assumptions:
(a) the steel beam is a doubly-symmetrical I-section;
(b) the penetration may be either reinforced or unreinforced;
(c)
the reinforcement above and below the penetration have the same dimensions; and
(d) the penetration reinforcement is located as close as practicable to the penetration edges.
In all cases, the nominal moment capacity of the bare steel section with web a penetration, M b , shall
not exceed that of the bare steel section without the penetration, M s .
B2
Nominal Moment Capacity of Bare Steel Section
As discussed in Section A3.1, the effective portion of the steel beam shall be determined in
accordance with the requirements of Clause 5.2.3 of AS 2327.1. Depending on the sizes of the steel
beam and the web penetration, the nominal moment capacity of the bare steel section can be
determined using the formulations below.
The force terms given by Eqs A12 to A16 of Appendix A will also be used.
Case 1:
If Ftw 2Fr + Fbw , the plastic neutral axis of the steel section is located within the steel web of the
top T-section. The depth of compressive zone, d h , and the nominal moment capacity, M b , of the
steel section, M b , are given by:
dh
Mb
t w f yw (s t + t f ) + 2Fr + Fbw + Fbf Ftf

2t w f yw
(B1)
) 2 + (s t d h ) 2 2
+ Fr (D s + s t s b 2d h ) + Fbw (D s d h (s b + t f ) 2)
+ Fbf (D s d h t f / 2)
(B2)
Ftf d h t f / 2 + t w f yw d h t f
Case 2:
If Ftw > Fbw and Ftw < 2Fr + Fbw , the plastic neutral axis of the steel section is located within the top
reinforcement of the steel beam. The depth of compressive zone, d h , and the nominal moment
capacity of the steel section, M b , are given by:
DB1.344
dh
Mb
br f yr (2s t t r ) + Fr + Fbw + Fbf Ftw Ftf

2br f yr
(B3)
(
)
2
2
+ br f yr (d h s t + t r ) + (s t d h ) / 2
+ Fr (D s d h s b + t r 2) + Fbw (D s d h (s b + t f ) 2)
+ Fbf (D s d h t f / 2)
(B4)
Ftf (d h t f / 2) + Ftw d h (s t + t f ) 2


Case 3:
If Ftw < Fbw and Ftw + 2Fr > Fbw , the plastic neutral axis of the steel section, d h , is located within the
bottom reinforcement of the steel beam. The depth of compressive zone, d h , and the nominal
moment capacity of the steel section, M b , are given by:
dh
Mb
br f yr (2D s 2s b + t r ) + Fbw + Fbf Ftw Fr Ftf

2br f yr
(B5)
+ Fr (d h s t + t r 2)
) 2 + (D s s b + t r d h ) 2 / 2
+ Fbw (D s d h (s b + t f ) 2) + Fbf (D s d h t f / 2)
+ br f yr d h D s + s b
(B6)
Case 4:
If Ftw + 2Fr < Fbw , the plastic neutral axis of the steel section is located within the bottom web of the
steel beam. The depth of compressive zone, d h , and the nominal moment capacity of the steel
section, M b , are given by:
dh
Mb
t w f yw (2D s s b t r ) + Fbf Ftf Ftw 2Fr

2t w f yw
(B7)
+ Fr (2d h D s s t + s b )
+ t w f yw d h D s + s b
+ Fbf D s d h t f / 2
) 2 + (D s t f d h ) 2 / 2
(B8)

DB1.3
45

APPENDIX C
DESIGN CAPACITY TABLES
C1
General
The design capacity tables given in this appendix can be used to calculate M b and Vu at a
penetration for a range of bare steel and composite beams with unreinforced web penetrations,
placed concentric to the centroid of the steel beam cross-section. The values of M b and Vu can
then be used in the moment-shear interaction equation (Eq. 6.3) to check that the strength design
criterion is satisfied.
The design shear capacities in the tables have been calculated assuming that the number of shear
connectors over the web penetration is equal to one. The parametric range covered in the tables is
given in Table 7.1.
C2
Tables
Parameters in Tables
The parameters given in the design capacity tables are described below.
Column Parameter
Description
No.
2
max
The maximum degree of shear connection that can be achieved at a

cross-section with the web penetration, calculated with respect to the
cross-section without the web penetration, i.e. max = Fcc / Fcc . If the
value of at the proposed location of the penetration is greater than
max , then the force in the concrete flange will be affected (see Fig. 3.3).
Fcc
n max
5-7
Design
Moment
Capacities
8 - 10
The force corresponding to max , i.e. Fcc = max Fcc . This is the
maximum force that can be developed in the concrete flange at a crosssection with the web penetration.
The number of 19 mm studs required to develop Fcc .
The values of M b.0 , M b.5 and M bc given are the design moment
capacities of the composite beam cross-section at the web penetration,
calculated ignoring the effect of shear force, corresponding to = 0.0,
0.5 and 1.0, respectively. The design moment capacity of a bare steel
beam with the web penetration can be read directly from Column 5.
Design
The values of Vu.0 , Vu.5 and Vuc given are the design shear
Shear
capacities of a composite beam cross-section at the circular penetration,
Capacities
for Circular calculated ignoring the effects of primary bending, corresponding to =
Penetrations 0.0, 0.5 and 1.0, respectively. These values have been calculated
assuming an equivalent rectangular penetration with L0 = 0.45D and
h 0 = 0.9 D . The design shear capacity of a bare steel beam with the web
penetration can be read directly from Column 8.
11 - 19
Design
Shear
Capacities
for
Rectangular
Penetrations
DB1.346
The values of Vu.0 , Vu.5 and Vuc given are the design shear
capacities of a composite beam cross-section at the rectangular
penetration, calculated ignoring the effects of primary bending,
corresponding to = 0.0, 0.5 and 1.0, respectively. Three sets of values
are given for L0 / h 0 equal to 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0. The design shear capacity
of a bare steel beam with the web penetration can be read directly from
Columns 11, 14 and 17, as appropriate.


C3
How To Use Tables
The data required to use the tables are as follows, noting that Dc = 120 mm, hr = 55 mm and
300PLUS steel must be used.

(a) Beam cross-section data: steel section, bcf and .
(b) Concrete grade, f c' .
(c) Number of shear connectors, n H , from the end of the beam to HME, and the force n H f ds .
The value of fds corresponding to n H can be calculated in accordance with Cl. 8.3.4 of
AS 2327.1.
(d) Shape of penetration: circular or rectangular.
(e) Size of the penetration: the ratios ( h 0 / D s ) and ( L0 / h 0 ) for rectangular penetrations or
( D / D s ) for circular penetrations.
Rectangular Penetrations
The calculation steps for a composite beam with a rectangular penetration are as follows:
(a) Select the appropriate design table based on bcf , f c' , and h 0 / D s or D / D s .
(b) Read max from Column 2 of the table.
. , it indicates that Fcc = Fcc and therefore the force in the concrete flange is not
(c) If max = 10
affected by the web penetration.
(d) Read Fcc from the table.
(e) If n H f ds > Fcc , then the force n H f ds is limited to Fcc (see Fig. 3.3(b)). The condition
nHf ds Fcc can also be satisfied by ensuring nH used in the calculations does not exceed
the value of nmax given in Column 4.
. .
(f) Calculate = nH f ds / Fcc 10
(g) Calculate M b corresponding to by linear interpolation using M b.0 , M b.5 and M bc , as
appropriate, which correspond to = 0.0, 0.5 and 1.0, respectively.
(h) Select the columns of shear capacity data corresponding to the value of ( L0 / h 0 ) for the
penetration. Interpolate between the columns for intermediate values of ( L0 / h 0 ).
(i) Calculate Vu corresponding to by linear interpolation using Vu.0 , Vu.5 and Vuc , as
appropriate, which correspond to = 0.0, 0.5 and 1.0, respectively.
(j) Use the moment-shear interaction equation given in Eq. 6.3 and check whether or not the
strength criterion is satisfied. Reference should be made to Fig. 5.1 to consider the options
available in the event that the design is unsatisfactory.
For bare steel beams, the value of is taken as zero and the design moment and shear capacities
are directly read from the M b.0 column, and the Vu.0 column corresponding to the values of
( L0 / h 0 ) for the penetration.
Circular Penetrations
For circular penetrations, the same procedure described above is used except that the shear
capacity is calculated using the values of Vu.0 , Vu.5 and Vuc given in Columns 8-10 in the tables.

DB1.3
47

INDEX TO DESIGN CAPACITY TABLES

bcf
f c'
(mm)
(MPa)
C1
1200
C2
1200
Table No.
DB1.348
h0 or D
Ds
Ds
25
0.0
0.3
25
0.0
0.5
C3
1200
25
0.0
0.7
C4
1200
25
1.0
0.3
C5
1200
25
1.0
0.5
C6
1200
25
1.0
0.7
C7
1200
32
0.0
0.3
C8
1200
32
0.0
0.5
C9
1200
32
0.0
0.7
C10
1200
32
1.0
0.3
C11
1200
32
1.0
0.5
C12
1200
32
1.0
0.7
C13
1600
25
0.0
0.3
C14
1600
25
0.0
0.5
C15
1600
25
0.0
0.7
C16
1600
25
1.0
0.3
C17
1600
25
1.0
0.5
C18
1600
25
1.0
0.7
C19
1600
32
0.0
0.3
C20
1600
32
0.0
0.5
C21
1600
32
0.0
0.7
C22
1600
32
1.0
0.3
C23
1600
32
1.0
0.5
C24
1600
32
1.0
0.7
C25
2100
25
0.0
0.3
C26
2100
25
0.0
0.5
C27
2100
25
0.0
0.7
C28
2100
25
1.0
0.3
C29
2100
25
1.0
0.5
C30
2100
25
1.0
0.7
C31
2100
32
0.0
0.3
C32
2100
32
0.0
0.5
C33
2100
32
0.0
0.7
C34
2100
32
1.0
0.3
C35
2100
32
1.0
0.5
C36
2100
32
1.0
0.7


TABLE C1:
bcf = 1200 mm, fc' = 25 MPa, = 0.0 ( i.e. sheeting ribs perpendicular to beam), h0 Ds or D D s = 0.3,
Dc = 120 mm, hr = 55 mm, Steel Grade = 300PLUS

Shear Connection
Limits
Steel
Section
max
800WB192
800WB168
800WB146
800WB122
700WB173
700WB150
700WB130
700WB115
610UB125
610UB113
610UB101
530UB 92.4
530UB 82.0
460UB 82.1
460UB 74.6
460UB 67.1
410UB 59.7
410UB 53.7
360UB 56.7
360UB 50.7
360UB 44.7
310UB 46.2
310UB 40.4
310UB 32.0
Design Moment
Capacities (kNm)
Design Shear Capacities (kN)

L0/h0 = 1.5
L0/h0 = 1.0
Circular
M b.0 M b.5
M bc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
1864
1587
1405
1107
1475
1244
1100
922
2162
1883
1698
1401
1740
1507
1359
1182
2379
2076
1870
1546
1902
1658
1492
1301
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
18
18
17
13
840
750
707
576
502
447
404
360
291
269
245
217
192
175
160
113
1076
982
937
782
703
627
579
528
439
413
381
347
318
285
260
198
1188
1080
1030
860
770
696
642
587
496
470
435
399
371
345
317
242
757
707
707
603
562
505
461
428
351
340
318
288
269
228
206
182
757
707
707
633
592
535
492
458
382
370
349
319
300
259
236
212
757
707
707
603
579
535
492
458
382
370
349
319
300
259
236
212
757
707
707
603
562
505
461
428
351
340
318
288
269
228
206
182
757
707
707
603
562
505
461
428
382
370
349
319
300
259
236
212
757
707
707
603
562
505
461
428
382
370
349
319
300
259
236
212
670
626
627
534
498
447
408
379
311
301
282
255
238
202
182
161
716
671
672
586
550
499
456
423
347
336
315
296
282
256
234
210
685
641
642
562
539
493
456
423
347
336
323
302
287
256
234
210
587
548
549
467
436
392
358
332
272
263
247
223
209
177
159
141
627
588
589
513
482
444
410
385
328
317
297
269
251
236
222
191
600
561
562
492
472
432
405
385
328
317
297
269
251
240
222
193
Fcc
(kN)
n max
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1658
1658
1658
1658
1658
1658
1658
1658
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.98
0.98
0.94
0.88
1658
1658
1658
1658
1658
1658
1658
1658
1658
1658
1658
1658
1619
1619
1527
1111

DB1.3
L0/h0 = 2.0
49

TABLE C2:

Steel
Shear Connection
Limits
Design Moment
Capacities (kNm)

Circular
L0/h0 = 1.0
Section
max
800WB192
800WB168
800WB146
800WB122
700WB173
700WB150
700WB130
700WB115
610UB125
610UB113
610UB101
530UB 92.4
530UB 82.0
460UB 82.1
460UB 74.6
460UB 67.1
410UB 59.7
410UB 53.7
360UB 56.7
360UB 50.7
360UB 44.7
310UB 46.2
310UB 40.4
310UB 32.0
L0/h0 = 1.5
L0/h0 = 2.0
Fcc
(kN)
n max
M b.0 M b.5 M bc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1658
1658
1658
1658
1658
1658
1658
1658
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
1864
1587
1405
1107
1475
1244
1100
922
2134
1827
1626
1305
1710
1455
1294
1106
2213
1903
1700
1377
1784
1526
1362
1172
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
448
445
439
435
393
390
385
380
487
484
479
475
437
434
429
425
461
458
452
448
408
405
399
395
354
351
347
343
310
308
303
300
384
381
377
374
345
342
339
335
363
361
357
353
322
319
315
312
292
290
286
283
256
254
250
248
317
315
312
309
285
283
279
277
300
298
294
292
265
263
260
257
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.98
0.87
0.92
0.83
0.85
1658
1658
1658
1658
1658
1658
1658
1658
1658
1658
1658
1619
1436
1527
1344
1070
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
18
16
17
15
12
840
750
707
576
502
447
404
360
291
269
245
217
192
175
160
113
1007
909
860
718
635
576
529
480
404
379
354
317
288
268
245
182
1074
973
923
780
695
637
589
538
461
435
411
372
338
321
295
221
567
529
530
451
421
378
345
320
263
254
238
216
202
171
154
136
578
540
540
469
455
416
383
357
299
290
274
251
236
205
188
169
578
540
540
485
460
416
383
357
299
290
274
251
236
205
188
169
387
361
362
308
287
258
236
219
180
174
163
147
138
117
105
93
438
413
414
367
347
326
298
276
227
221
236
216
204
178
163
148
404
388
395
354
344
321
298
276
235
228
236
216
204
178
163
148
305
285
285
243
227
204
186
173
142
137
128
116
109
92
83
73
346
326
326
289
273
257
240
227
202
199
188
170
159
164
152
134
319
306
312
279
271
253
240
230
207
201
188
170
159
165
152
136
252
235
236
201
187
168
154
142
117
113
106
96
90
76
68
61
285
269
269
239
226
212
198
187
167
164
164
155
148
127
121
103
263
252
257
231
224
209
198
190
171
167
167
156
150
129
122
105
DB1.350


TABLE C3:

Steel
Shear Connection
Limits
Design Moment
Capacities (kNm)

Circular
L0/h0 = 1.0
Section
max
800WB192
800WB168
800WB146
800WB122
700WB173
700WB150
700WB130
700WB115
610UB125
610UB113
610UB101
530UB 92.4
530UB 82.0
460UB 82.1
460UB 74.6
460UB 67.1
410UB 59.7
410UB 53.7
360UB 56.7
360UB 50.7
360UB 44.7
310UB 46.2
310UB 40.4
310UB 32.0
L0/h0 = 1.5
L0/h0 = 2.0
Fcc
(kN)
n max
M b.0 M b.5 M bc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1658
1658
1658
1658
1658
1658
1658
1658
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
1843
1539
1342
1008
1464
1210
1054
854
1966
1661
1463
1145
1579
1325
1167
981
2037
1729
1528
1207
1650
1393
1231
1042
292
290
287
284
256
254
251
248
348
346
343
341
308
305
301
298
311
309
305
317
277
276
272
290
157
156
154
152
138
136
135
133
194
193
191
190
180
179
177
176
169
168
166
174
152
151
149
161
115
114
113
112
101
100
99
97
142
141
140
139
132
131
130
129
124
123
122
128
111
110
109
118
91
90
89
88
80
79
78
77
112
111
111
110
104
103
103
102
98
97
96
101
88
87
86
93
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.98
0.92
0.98
0.87
0.76
0.81
0.77
0.78
1658
1658
1658
1658
1658
1658
1658
1658
1619
1527
1619
1436
1253
1344
1253
979
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
18
17
18
16
14
15
14
11
786
697
650
538
463
423
382
338
278
255
236
209
180
173
158
104
895
804
755
639
562
519
477
431
366
337
321
284
257
244
224
163
958
865
815
699
620
579
535
488
422
390
376
336
304
295
271
199
252
236
236
201
187
168
154
143
117
113
106
96
90
76
69
61
303
283
283
272
256
233
215
202
171
167
158
146
138
122
113
103
296
283
283
272
256
233
215
202
171
167
158
146
138
122
113
103
135
126
127
108
101
90
83
77
63
61
57
52
48
41
37
33
185
176
177
164
158
156
148
138
130
126
133
124
118
104
97
89
164
166
171
162
161
158
149
138
135
131
133
124
118
104
97
89
99
93
93
79
74
66
60
56
46
45
42
38
35
30
27
24
135
129
129
120
115
114
109
105
101
99
95
90
86
98
92
80
120
122
125
119
118
115
112
109
104
102
99
93
89
99
92
83
78
73
73
62
58
52
48
44
36
35
33
30
28
24
21
19
107
102
102
95
91
90
86
83
80
78
82
78
75
74
71
60
95
96
99
94
93
91
88
86
82
81
85
81
77
77
74
62

DB1.3
51

bcf = 1200 mm, fc' = 25 MPa, = 1.0 ( i.e. sheeting ribs parallel to beam), h0 Ds or D D s = 0.3,
TABLE C4:

Steel
Shear Connection
Limits
Design Moment
Capacities (kNm)

Circular
L0/h0 = 1.0
Section
max
800WB192
800WB168
800WB146
800WB122
700WB173
700WB150
700WB130
700WB115
610UB125
610UB113
610UB101
530UB 92.4
530UB 82.0
460UB 82.1
460UB 74.6
460UB 67.1
410UB 59.7
410UB 53.7
360UB 56.7
360UB 50.7
360UB 44.7
310UB 46.2
310UB 40.4
310UB 32.0
L0/h0 = 1.5
L0/h0 = 2.0
Fcc
(kN)
n max
M b.0 M b.5 M bc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
3060
3060
3060
3060
3060
3060
3060
3060
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
1864
1587
1405
1107
1475
1244
1100
922
2327
2047
1859
1537
1893
1649
1484
1292
2442
2136
1924
1595
1963
1716
1544
1348
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.92
0.92
0.88
0.87
0.90
0.87
0.91
0.87
0.90
0.91
0.94
0.88
3060
3060
3060
3060
2812
2812
2537
2261
2077
1894
1985
1710
1619
1619
1527
1111
34
34
34
34
31
31
28
25
23
21
22
19
18
18
17
13
840
750
707
576
502
447
404
360
291
269
245
217
192
175
160
113
1179
1072
1021
852
751
677
615
552
454
422
391
349
318
285
260
198
1238
1126
1073
902
807
733
674
612
514
480
452
407
371
345
317
242
757
707
707
603
562
505
461
428
351
340
318
288
269
228
206
182
813
763
764
659
618
561
517
484
407
396
375
344
326
284
262
238
813
763
764
659
618
561
517
484
407
396
375
344
326
284
262
238
757
707
707
603
562
505
461
428
351
340
318
288
269
228
206
182
813
763
764
659
618
561
517
484
407
396
375
344
326
284
262
238
793
763
764
659
618
561
517
484
407
396
375
344
326
284
262
238
670
626
627
534
498
447
408
379
311
301
282
255
238
202
182
161
748
698
699
596
555
555
512
479
403
392
371
341
323
282
260
236
748
698
699
596
555
555
512
479
403
392
371
341
323
282
260
236
587
548
549
467
436
392
358
332
272
263
247
223
209
177
159
141
705
659
660
563
524
471
430
399
371
352
354
325
308
269
248
226
699
659
660
563
524
471
430
399
372
353
354
325
308
269
248
226
DB1.352


TABLE C5:

Steel
Shear Connection
Limits
Design Moment
Capacities (kNm)

Circular
g L0/h0 = 1.0
Section
max
800WB192
800WB168
800WB146
800WB122
700WB173
700WB150
700WB130
700WB115
610UB125
610UB113
610UB101
530UB 92.4
530UB 82.0
460UB 82.1
460UB 74.6
460UB 67.1
410UB 59.7
410UB 53.7
360UB 56.7
360UB 50.7
360UB 44.7
310UB 46.2
310UB 40.4
310UB 32.0
L0/h0 = 1.5
L0/h0 = 2.0
Fcc
(kN)
n max
M b.0 M b.5 M bc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
3060
3060
3060
3060
3060
3060
3060
3060
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
1864
1587
1405
1107
1475
1244
1100
922
2203
1894
1691
1369
1775
1517
1354
1164
2273
1959
1750
1422
1842
1579
1411
1215
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
448
445
439
435
393
390
385
380
562
560
555
549
496
492
485
480
482
523
538
549
466
492
485
480
354
351
347
343
310
308
303
300
443
441
438
436
413
411
408
406
380
412
424
435
368
394
402
406
292
290
286
283
256
254
250
248
366
364
362
360
341
339
337
335
314
340
350
359
304
325
332
335
1.00
1.00
0.98
0.92
0.80
0.83
0.78
0.80
0.82
0.79
0.82
0.83
0.80
0.86
0.83
0.81
3060
3060
2996
2812
2445
2537
2261
2077
1894
1710
1802
1619
1436
1527
1344
1024
34
34
33
31
27
28
25
23
21
19
20
18
16
17
15
12
840
750
707
576
502
447
404
360
291
269
245
217
192
175
160
113
1065
965
912
761
665
610
553
494
410
380
357
317
288
268
245
182
1119
1015
963
817
724
668
613
553
468
436
414
372
338
321
295
221
567
529
530
451
421
378
345
320
263
254
238
216
202
171
154
136
635
596
597
517
486
442
409
383
325
316
300
276
262
231
213
195
635
596
597
517
486
442
409
383
325
316
300
276
262
231
213
195
387
361
362
308
287
258
236
219
180
174
163
147
138
117
105
93
489
456
457
426
391
382
354
333
283
276
262
242
230
204
189
174
489
456
457
427
392
382
354
333
283
276
262
242
230
204
189
174
305
285
285
243
227
204
186
173
142
137
128
116
109
92
83
73
425
406
407
356
332
304
283
261
258
245
245
227
216
191
178
164
425
407
408
356
332
304
284
262
259
245
245
227
216
191
178
164
252
235
236
201
187
168
154
142
117
113
106
96
90
76
68
61
351
335
336
312
295
281
256
238
199
189
210
192
179
183
171
151
351
336
337
313
296
281
256
238
200
189
210
192
179
183
171
151

DB1.3
53

TABLE C6:

Steel
Shear Connection
Limits
Design Moment
Capacities (kNm)

Circular
L0/h0 = 1.0
Section
max
800WB192
800WB168
800WB146
800WB122
700WB173
700WB150
700WB130
700WB115
610UB125
610UB113
610UB101
530UB 92.4
530UB 82.0
460UB 82.1
460UB 74.6
460UB 67.1
410UB 59.7
410UB 53.7
360UB 56.7
360UB 50.7
360UB 44.7
310UB 46.2
310UB 40.4
310UB 32.0
L0/h0 = 1.5
L0/h0 = 2.0
Fcc
(kN)
n max
M b.0 M b.5 M bc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
3060
3060
3060
3060
3060
3060
3060
3060
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
1843
1539
1342
1008
1464
1210
1054
854
2028
1720
1520
1199
1641
1384
1223
1031
2094
1781
1574
1248
1704
1442
1276
1082
292
290
287
284
256
254
251
248
407
405
401
397
364
362
357
354
407
405
401
397
364
362
357
354
157
156
154
152
138
136
135
133
267
267
266
266
249
247
243
240
217
249
261
267
230
247
244
240
115
114
113
112
101
100
99
97
196
195
195
195
193
193
193
192
159
183
191
196
168
187
193
194
91
90
89
88
80
79
78
77
154
154
154
154
152
152
152
152
125
144
151
154
133
148
152
153
1.00
0.89
0.86
0.80
0.68
0.74
0.69
0.69
0.70
0.70
0.74
0.73
0.70
0.75
0.77
0.78
3060
2720
2628
2445
2077
2261
1985
1802
1619
1527
1619
1436
1253
1344
1253
979
34
30
29
27
23
25
22
20
18
17
18
16
14
15
14
11
786
697
650
538
463
423
382
338
278
255
236
209
180
173
158
104
949
846
791
668
578
541
490
435
366
337
321
284
257
244
224
163
999
902
848
727
637
600
549
492
422
390
376
336
304
295
271
199
252
236
236
201
187
168
154
143
117
113
106
96
90
76
69
61
360
339
340
298
281
259
241
228
197
192
184
172
164
148
139
129
360
339
340
298
281
259
241
228
197
192
184
172
164
148
139
129
135
126
127
108
101
90
83
77
63
61
57
52
48
41
37
33
258
245
238
247
226
220
205
195
170
166
159
150
143
130
123
115
260
246
240
249
228
220
205
195
170
166
159
150
143
130
123
115
99
93
93
79
74
66
60
56
46
45
42
38
35
30
27
24
207
199
198
180
168
177
166
153
157
148
152
143
137
125
118
111
208
200
199
180
168
178
167
154
158
149
152
143
137
125
118
111
78
73
73
62
58
52
48
44
36
35
33
30
28
24
21
19
163
157
157
154
145
144
132
122
118
112
128
117
109
121
115
95
164
158
157
155
146
144
132
122
119
112
129
118
110
121
115
96
DB1.354


TABLE C7:

Steel
Shear Connection
Limits
Design Moment
Capacities (kNm)

Circular
L0/h0 = 1.0
Section
max
800WB192
800WB168
800WB146
800WB122
700WB173
700WB150
700WB130
700WB115
610UB125
610UB113
610UB101
530UB 92.4
530UB 82.0
460UB 82.1
460UB 74.6
460UB 67.1
410UB 59.7
410UB 53.7
360UB 56.7
360UB 50.7
360UB 44.7
310UB 46.2
310UB 40.4
310UB 32.0
L0/h0 = 1.5
L0/h0 = 2.0
Fcc
(kN)
n max
M b.0 M b.5 M bc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
2122
2122
2122
2122
2122
2122
2122
2122
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
1864
1587
1405
1107
1475
1244
1100
922
2230
1950
1764
1467
1798
1565
1416
1239
2424
2122
1914
1589
1946
1703
1536
1343
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.98
0.89
0.94
0.87
0.90
0.91
0.94
0.92
2122
2122
2122
2122
2122
2122
2122
2122
2077
1894
1985
1710
1619
1619
1527
1161
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
23
21
22
19
18
18
17
13
840
750
707
576
502
447
404
360
291
269
245
217
192
175
160
113
1128
1032
986
821
733
658
605
552
458
426
394
351
320
287
261
199
1231
1122
1071
901
810
735
681
625
529
494
466
418
381
355
326
247
757
707
707
603
562
505
461
428
351
340
318
288
269
228
206
182
786
741
742
637
596
539
496
462
386
374
353
323
304
263
240
216
757
707
707
637
596
539
496
462
386
374
353
323
304
263
240
216
757
707
707
603
562
505
461
428
351
340
318
288
269
228
206
182
757
707
707
603
562
505
476
459
386
374
353
323
304
263
240
216
757
707
707
603
562
505
483
462
386
374
353
323
304
263
240
216
670
626
627
534
498
447
408
379
311
301
282
255
238
202
182
161
727
683
684
596
555
499
456
423
347
336
335
310
293
260
238
214
699
667
672
592
555
499
456
423
347
336
340
315
298
260
238
214
587
548
549
467
436
392
358
332
272
263
247
223
209
177
159
141
636
598
599
524
493
457
424
399
328
317
297
269
251
247
226
196
612
584
589
519
493
457
426
399
328
317
297
269
251
247
226
199

DB1.3
55

TABLE C8:

Steel
Shear Connection
Limits
Design Moment
Capacities (kNm)

Circular
L0/h0 = 1.0
Section
max
800WB192
800WB168
800WB146
800WB122
700WB173
700WB150
700WB130
700WB115
610UB125
610UB113
610UB101
530UB 92.4
530UB 82.0
460UB 82.1
460UB 74.6
460UB 67.1
410UB 59.7
410UB 53.7
360UB 56.7
360UB 50.7
360UB 44.7
310UB 46.2
310UB 40.4
310UB 32.0
L0/h0 = 1.5
L0/h0 = 2.0
Fcc
(kN)
n max
M b.0 M b.5 M bc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
2122
2122
2122
2122
2122
2122
2122
2122
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
1864
1587
1405
1107
1475
1244
1100
922
2167
1859
1658
1337
1739
1483
1322
1133
2259
1948
1742
1419
1829
1570
1405
1213
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
448
445
439
435
393
390
385
380
497
494
489
485
449
446
441
437
461
458
452
470
408
405
411
425
354
351
347
343
310
308
303
300
392
389
386
383
354
352
348
345
364
361
357
371
322
319
324
335
292
290
286
283
256
254
250
248
323
322
318
316
292
290
287
285
300
298
295
306
266
263
267
277
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.98
0.89
0.81
0.85
0.83
0.80
0.86
0.83
0.85
2122
2122
2122
2122
2122
2122
2122
2077
1894
1710
1802
1619
1436
1527
1344
1070
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
23
21
19
20
18
16
17
15
12
840
750
707
576
502
447
404
360
291
269
245
217
192
175
160
113
1033
934
885
743
659
601
553
498
414
383
360
319
290
270
246
183
1115
1014
963
819
734
676
626
568
481
447
426
381
345
329
302
224
567
529
530
451
421
378
345
320
263
254
238
216
202
171
154
136
578
540
540
495
464
420
387
361
303
294
278
255
240
209
192
173
578
543
542
495
464
420
387
361
303
294
278
255
240
209
192
173
387
361
362
308
287
258
236
219
180
174
163
147
138
117
105
93
452
427
428
383
362
326
298
276
245
236
240
221
208
182
167
152
435
419
423
381
363
326
298
276
250
240
240
221
208
182
167
152
305
285
285
243
227
204
186
173
142
137
128
116
109
92
83
73
356
336
337
302
286
272
254
241
208
201
188
170
159
169
156
138
343
330
334
301
287
273
256
243
208
201
188
170
161
169
156
139
252
235
236
201
187
168
154
142
117
113
106
96
90
76
68
61
294
278
278
249
236
224
210
199
179
174
175
160
150
134
127
106
283
273
275
248
237
225
212
201
180
176
177
160
150
136
128
107
DB1.356


TABLE C9:

Steel
Shear Connection
Limits
Design Moment
Capacities (kNm)

Circular
L0/h0 = 1.0
Section
max
800WB192
800WB168
800WB146
800WB122
700WB173
700WB150
700WB130
700WB115
610UB125
610UB113
610UB101
530UB 92.4
530UB 82.0
460UB 82.1
460UB 74.6
460UB 67.1
410UB 59.7
410UB 53.7
360UB 56.7
360UB 50.7
360UB 44.7
310UB 46.2
310UB 40.4
310UB 32.0
L0/h0 = 1.5
L0/h0 = 2.0
Fcc
(kN)
n max
M b.0 M b.5 M bc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
2122
2122
2122
2122
2122
2122
2122
2122
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
1843
1539
1342
1008
1464
1210
1054
854
1993
1687
1488
1170
1606
1351
1192
1005
2082
1773
1569
1247
1694
1435
1272
1082
292
290
287
284
256
254
251
248
351
348
344
341
308
305
301
298
311
309
322
341
278
290
301
298
157
156
154
152
138
136
135
133
201
200
199
198
188
188
187
186
169
168
177
196
152
160
174
185
115
114
113
112
101
100
99
97
147
147
146
145
138
137
137
136
124
123
130
144
111
117
127
135
91
90
89
88
80
79
78
77
116
116
115
114
109
108
108
108
98
97
102
113
88
92
100
107
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.94
0.85
0.76
0.72
0.76
0.73
0.70
0.75
0.77
0.78
2122
2122
2122
2122
2122
2122
1985
1802
1619
1527
1619
1436
1253
1344
1253
979
24
24
24
24
24
24
22
20
18
17
18
16
14
15
14
11
786
697
650
538
463
423
382
338
278
255
236
209
180
173
158
104
920
828
779
663
582
543
494
438
369
339
323
286
259
246
225
164
998
905
854
737
654
616
564
504
432
399
385
343
310
301
277
201
252
236
236
201
187
168
154
143
117
113
106
96
90
76
69
61
310
304
305
276
260
237
219
206
175
171
162
150
142
126
117
107
323
317
316
276
260
237
219
206
175
171
162
150
142
126
117
107
135
126
127
108
101
90
83
77
63
61
57
52
48
41
37
33
196
188
189
179
172
163
149
138
140
135
137
128
122
108
101
93
193
189
191
182
175
163
152
143
145
140
137
128
122
108
101
93
99
93
93
79
74
66
60
56
46
45
42
38
35
30
27
24
143
137
138
131
126
127
121
115
105
102
103
96
91
103
96
83
141
138
140
133
129
129
123
118
105
102
106
99
94
103
96
85
78
73
73
62
58
52
48
44
36
35
33
30
28
24
21
19
113
108
109
103
100
100
95
91
87
84
90
82
77
79
76
62
111
109
111
105
101
102
97
93
89
87
91
82
77
81
78
64

DB1.3
57

TABLE C10:

Steel
Shear Connection
Limits
Design Moment
Capacities (kNm)

Circular
L0/h0 = 1.0
Section
max
800WB192
800WB168
800WB146
800WB122
700WB173
700WB150
700WB130
700WB115
610UB125
610UB113
610UB101
530UB 92.4
530UB 82.0
460UB 82.1
460UB 74.6
460UB 67.1
410UB 59.7
410UB 53.7
360UB 56.7
360UB 50.7
360UB 44.7
310UB 46.2
310UB 40.4
310UB 32.0
L0/h0 = 1.5
L0/h0 = 2.0
Fcc
(kN)
n max
M b.0 M b.5 M bc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
3917
3917
3917
3917
3917
3917
3917
3917
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
1864
1587
1405
1107
1475
1244
1100
922
2412
2110
1903
1578
1935
1692
1525
1329
2499
2192
1977
1644
2018
1769
1595
1395
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
1.00
0.91
0.86
0.86
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.87
0.90
0.87
0.91
0.87
0.90
0.91
0.94
0.92
3917
3549
3365
3089
2812
2812
2537
2261
2077
1894
1985
1710
1619
1619
1527
1161
43
39
37
34
31
31
28
25
23
21
22
19
18
18
17
13
840
750
707
576
502
447
404
360
291
269
245
217
192
175
160
113
1220
1098
1042
862
758
685
621
557
458
426
394
351
320
287
261
199
1286
1171
1116
939
835
763
698
631
529
494
466
418
381
355
326
247
757
707
707
603
562
505
461
428
351
340
318
288
269
228
206
182
821
770
771
666
626
569
525
492
415
403
382
352
333
292
269
245
821
770
771
666
626
569
525
492
415
403
382
352
333
292
269
245
757
707
707
603
562
505
461
428
351
340
318
288
269
228
206
182
821
770
771
666
626
569
525
492
415
403
382
352
333
292
269
245
821
770
771
666
626
569
525
492
415
403
382
352
333
292
269
245
670
626
627
534
498
447
408
379
311
301
282
255
238
202
182
161
748
698
699
596
555
563
519
487
411
399
378
349
330
289
267
243
748
698
699
596
555
563
519
487
411
399
378
349
330
289
267
243
587
548
549
467
436
392
358
332
272
263
247
223
209
177
159
141
706
659
660
563
524
471
433
399
383
362
361
333
315
277
256
233
706
659
660
563
524
471
433
399
384
362
361
333
315
277
256
233
DB1.358


TABLE C11:

Steel
Shear Connection
Limits
Design Moment
Capacities (kNm)

Circular
L0/h0 = 1.0
Section
max
800WB192
800WB168
800WB146
800WB122
700WB173
700WB150
700WB130
700WB115
610UB125
610UB113
610UB101
530UB 92.4
530UB 82.0
460UB 82.1
460UB 74.6
460UB 67.1
410UB 59.7
410UB 53.7
360UB 56.7
360UB 50.7
360UB 44.7
310UB 46.2
310UB 40.4
310UB 32.0
L0/h0 = 1.5
L0/h0 = 2.0
Fcc
(kN)
n max
M b.0 M b.5 M bc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.91
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.91
3917
3917
3917
3549
3917
3917
3917
3549
43
43
43
39
43
43
43
39
1864
1587
1405
1107
1475
1244
1100
922
2247
1937
1732
1396
1818
1559
1394
1185
2330
2013
1801
1466
1897
1631
1459
1257
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
448
445
439
435
393
390
385
380
566
561
555
549
504
497
485
480
565
561
555
549
505
498
485
480
354
351
347
343
310
308
303
300
467
466
463
459
440
439
436
431
445
460
462
460
428
438
437
432
292
290
286
283
256
254
250
248
386
384
382
379
363
362
360
356
368
380
382
379
354
361
361
356
0.91
0.81
0.77
0.78
0.77
0.80
0.78
0.80
0.82
0.79
0.82
0.83
0.80
0.86
0.83
0.85
3549
3181
2996
2812
2445
2537
2261
2077
1894
1710
1802
1619
1436
1527
1344
1070
39
35
33
31
27
28
25
23
21
19
20
18
16
17
15
12
840
750
707
576
502
447
404
360
291
269
245
217
192
175
160
113
1090
976
920
768
671
615
558
498
414
383
360
319
290
270
246
183
1163
1053
996
845
746
692
632
568
481
447
426
381
345
329
302
224
567
529
530
451
421
378
345
320
263
254
238
216
202
171
154
136
642
604
604
524
493
449
416
391
332
323
307
284
269
238
221
203
642
604
604
524
493
449
416
391
332
323
307
284
269
238
221
203
387
361
362
308
287
258
236
219
180
174
163
147
138
117
105
93
495
462
457
449
408
390
361
340
290
283
269
250
238
211
196
181
496
463
457
450
409
390
361
340
290
283
269
250
238
211
196
181
305
285
285
243
227
204
186
173
142
137
128
116
109
92
83
73
448
418
418
356
332
319
296
271
268
253
252
234
223
199
185
171
448
418
418
356
332
320
297
272
269
253
252
234
223
199
185
171
252
235
236
201
187
168
154
142
117
113
106
96
90
76
68
61
375
356
354
330
309
281
256
238
206
195
218
198
184
191
178
153
376
356
355
331
309
281
256
238
207
195
218
198
184
191
178
154

DB1.3
59

TABLE C12:

Steel
Shear Connection
Limits
Design Moment
Capacities (kNm)

Circular
L0/h0 = 1.0
Section
max
800WB192
800WB168
800WB146
800WB122
700WB173
700WB150
700WB130
700WB115
610UB125
610UB113
610UB101
530UB 92.4
530UB 82.0
460UB 82.1
460UB 74.6
460UB 67.1
410UB 59.7
410UB 53.7
360UB 56.7
360UB 50.7
360UB 44.7
310UB 46.2
310UB 40.4
310UB 32.0
L0/h0 = 1.5
L0/h0 = 2.0
Fcc
(kN)
n max
M b.0 M b.5 M bc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.79
1.00
1.00
0.91
0.79
3917
3917
3917
3089
3917
3917
3549
3089
43
43
43
34
43
43
39
34
1843
1539
1342
1008
1464
1210
1054
854
2071
1762
1559
1208
1683
1425
1249
1039
2149
1832
1623
1282
1757
1491
1320
1114
292
290
287
284
256
254
251
248
415
412
408
404
372
369
365
361
415
412
408
404
372
369
365
361
157
156
154
152
138
136
135
133
283
281
278
275
288
284
274
252
283
281
278
275
289
285
275
254
115
114
113
112
101
100
99
97
217
217
217
211
218
218
217
210
208
217
218
212
214
219
218
211
91
90
89
88
80
79
78
77
172
172
171
166
172
172
171
166
164
171
172
167
169
173
172
166
0.79
0.69
0.67
0.68
0.65
0.71
0.69
0.69
0.70
0.70
0.74
0.73
0.70
0.75
0.77
0.78
3089
2720
2628
2445
2077
2261
1985
1802
1619
1527
1619
1436
1253
1344
1253
979
34
30
29
27
23
25
22
20
18
17
18
16
14
15
14
11
786
697
650
538
463
423
382
338
278
255
236
209
180
173
158
104
958
853
797
674
582
545
494
438
369
339
323
286
259
246
225
164
1035
930
872
749
654
618
564
504
432
399
385
343
310
301
277
201
252
236
236
201
187
168
154
143
117
113
106
96
90
76
69
61
367
347
347
305
289
266
248
235
204
200
191
179
172
155
146
137
367
347
347
305
289
266
248
235
204
200
191
179
172
155
146
137
135
126
127
108
101
90
83
77
63
61
57
52
48
41
37
33
282
263
254
259
238
227
213
202
177
174
167
157
151
138
130
123
283
265
255
259
240
227
213
202
177
174
167
157
151
138
130
123
99
93
93
79
74
66
60
56
46
45
42
38
35
30
27
24
227
212
212
180
168
188
175
160
164
153
159
150
144
132
125
118
227
212
212
180
168
189
176
160
165
154
159
150
144
132
125
118
78
73
73
62
58
52
48
44
36
35
33
30
28
24
21
19
180
171
168
166
154
144
132
122
124
116
134
122
113
129
122
97
181
171
169
167
155
144
133
122
124
116
134
122
113
129
122
97
DB1.360


TABLE C13:

Steel
Shear Connection
Limits
Design Moment
Capacities (kNm)

Circular
L0/h0 = 1.0
Section
max
800WB192
800WB168
800WB146
800WB122
700WB173
700WB150
700WB130
700WB115
610UB125
610UB113
610UB101
530UB 92.4
530UB 82.0
460UB 82.1
460UB 74.6
460UB 67.1
410UB 59.7
410UB 53.7
360UB 56.7
360UB 50.7
360UB 44.7
310UB 46.2
310UB 40.4
310UB 32.0
L0/h0 = 1.5
L0/h0 = 2.0
Fcc
(kN)
n max
M b.0 M b.5 M bc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
2210
2210
2210
2210
2210
2210
2210
2210
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
1864
1587
1405
1107
1475
1244
1100
922
2242
1962
1776
1479
1808
1575
1426
1249
2432
2131
1922
1597
1954
1712
1544
1350
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.94
0.87
0.91
0.87
0.90
0.91
0.94
0.88
2210
2210
2210
2210
2210
2210
2210
2210
2077
1894
1985
1710
1619
1619
1527
1111
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
23
21
22
19
18
18
17
13
840
750
707
576
502
447
404
360
291
269
245
217
192
175
160
113
1137
1041
992
826
738
662
610
556
459
426
395
351
320
287
262
199
1239
1130
1078
908
817
743
688
632
531
496
468
420
382
357
327
247
757
707
707
603
562
505
461
428
351
340
318
288
269
228
206
182
787
737
738
633
592
535
492
458
382
370
349
319
300
259
236
212
757
707
716
633
592
535
492
458
382
370
349
319
300
259
236
212
757
707
707
603
562
505
461
428
351
340
318
288
269
228
206
182
757
707
707
603
562
508
490
458
382
370
349
319
300
259
236
212
757
707
707
603
562
505
492
458
382
370
349
319
300
259
236
212
670
626
627
534
498
447
408
379
311
301
282
255
238
202
182
161
730
686
687
596
555
499
456
423
347
336
338
312
295
256
234
210
705
672
677
596
555
499
456
423
347
336
342
315
297
256
234
210
587
548
549
467
436
392
358
332
272
263
247
223
209
177
159
141
639
600
602
527
496
461
427
399
328
317
297
269
251
243
222
196
617
588
593
523
496
460
429
399
328
317
297
269
251
243
222
198

DB1.3
61

TABLE C14:

Steel
Shear Connection
Limits
Design Moment
Capacities (kNm)

Circular
L0/h0 = 1.0
Section
max
800WB192
800WB168
800WB146
800WB122
700WB173
700WB150
700WB130
700WB115
610UB125
610UB113
610UB101
530UB 92.4
530UB 82.0
460UB 82.1
460UB 74.6
460UB 67.1
410UB 59.7
410UB 53.7
360UB 56.7
360UB 50.7
360UB 44.7
310UB 46.2
310UB 40.4
310UB 32.0
L0/h0 = 1.5
L0/h0 = 2.0
Fcc
(kN)
n max
M b.0 M b.5 M bc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
2210
2210
2210
2210
2210
2210
2210
2210
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
1864
1587
1405
1107
1475
1244
1100
922
2172
1864
1663
1343
1744
1488
1326
1138
2268
1957
1751
1426
1838
1578
1413
1220
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
448
445
439
435
393
390
385
380
497
494
489
485
449
446
441
437
461
458
453
475
408
405
417
429
354
351
347
343
310
308
303
300
392
389
386
382
354
351
348
345
364
361
357
375
322
319
329
339
292
290
286
283
256
254
250
248
323
321
318
316
292
290
287
285
300
298
295
309
266
263
271
280
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.94
0.86
0.79
0.82
0.83
0.80
0.86
0.83
0.81
2210
2210
2210
2210
2210
2210
2210
2077
1894
1710
1802
1619
1436
1527
1344
1024
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
23
21
19
20
18
16
17
15
12
840
750
707
576
502
447
404
360
291
269
245
217
192
175
160
113
1038
939
890
747
664
605
558
498
414
383
361
320
290
270
247
183
1123
1021
970
827
741
683
633
571
483
448
428
382
346
330
303
225
567
529
530
451
421
378
345
320
263
254
238
216
202
171
154
136
578
540
540
491
460
416
383
357
299
290
274
251
236
205
188
169
578
551
549
491
460
416
383
357
299
290
274
251
236
205
188
169
387
361
362
308
287
258
236
219
180
174
163
147
138
117
105
93
452
427
428
383
363
326
298
276
247
237
236
216
204
178
163
148
440
423
427
385
363
326
298
276
252
242
236
216
204
178
163
148
305
285
285
243
227
204
186
173
142
137
128
116
109
92
83
73
356
336
337
302
287
274
257
243
208
201
188
170
160
165
152
138
347
334
337
304
290
276
259
245
208
201
188
172
162
165
152
138
252
235
236
201
187
168
154
142
117
113
106
96
90
76
68
61
294
278
279
250
237
226
212
201
180
175
177
160
150
135
128
107
287
276
278
251
239
228
214
202
182
177
177
160
150
137
129
107
DB1.362


TABLE C15:

Steel
Shear Connection
Limits
Design Moment
Capacities (kNm)

Circular
L0/h0 = 1.0
Section
max
800WB192
800WB168
800WB146
800WB122
700WB173
700WB150
700WB130
700WB115
610UB125
610UB113
610UB101
530UB 92.4
530UB 82.0
460UB 82.1
460UB 74.6
460UB 67.1
410UB 59.7
410UB 53.7
360UB 56.7
360UB 50.7
360UB 44.7
310UB 46.2
310UB 40.4
310UB 32.0
L0/h0 = 1.5
L0/h0 = 2.0
Fcc
(kN)
n max
M b.0 M b.5 M bc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
2210
2210
2210
2210
2210
2210
2210
2210
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
1843
1539
1342
1008
1464
1210
1054
854
1999
1692
1493
1174
1611
1356
1197
1010
2091
1781
1577
1254
1702
1443
1280
1089
292
290
287
284
256
254
251
248
351
348
344
341
308
305
301
298
311
309
330
341
278
299
301
305
157
156
154
152
138
136
135
133
204
203
202
201
191
191
189
189
169
168
182
199
152
166
178
188
115
114
113
112
101
100
99
97
149
149
148
147
140
140
139
138
124
123
134
146
111
122
131
138
91
90
89
88
80
79
78
77
118
117
117
116
111
110
110
109
98
97
106
115
88
96
103
109
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.94
1.00
0.90
0.82
0.73
0.70
0.74
0.73
0.70
0.75
0.77
0.74
2210
2210
2210
2210
2077
2210
1985
1802
1619
1527
1619
1436
1253
1344
1253
937
25
25
25
25
23
25
22
20
18
17
18
16
14
15
14
11
786
697
650
538
463
423
382
338
278
255
236
209
180
173
158
104
924
833
784
667
583
546
494
439
369
340
324
286
259
246
225
164
1006
912
861
744
656
621
566
506
433
400
386
344
310
302
278
202
252
236
236
201
187
168
154
143
117
113
106
96
90
76
69
61
317
311
311
272
256
233
215
202
171
167
158
146
138
122
113
103
330
314
314
272
256
233
215
202
171
167
158
146
138
122
113
103
135
126
127
108
101
90
83
77
63
61
57
52
48
41
37
33
198
190
191
182
174
163
149
140
142
136
133
124
118
104
97
89
197
192
194
185
178
163
153
145
144
140
133
124
118
104
97
89
99
93
93
79
74
66
60
56
46
45
42
38
35
30
27
24
145
139
140
133
128
129
123
116
105
102
104
96
91
99
92
83
144
141
142
135
130
131
125
119
105
102
107
100
95
99
92
85
78
73
73
62
58
52
48
44
36
35
33
30
28
24
21
19
115
110
111
105
101
102
97
92
88
85
91
82
77
80
76
63
114
111
112
107
103
104
99
94
90
87
91
82
77
82
78
64

DB1.3
63

TABLE C16:

Steel
Shear Connection
Limits
Design Moment
Capacities (kNm)

Circular
L0/h0 = 1.0
Section
max
800WB192
800WB168
800WB146
800WB122
700WB173
700WB150
700WB130
700WB115
610UB125
610UB113
610UB101
530UB 92.4
530UB 82.0
460UB 82.1
460UB 74.6
460UB 67.1
410UB 59.7
410UB 53.7
360UB 56.7
360UB 50.7
360UB 44.7
310UB 46.2
310UB 40.4
310UB 32.0
L0/h0 = 1.5
L0/h0 = 2.0
Fcc
(kN)
n max
M b.0 M b.5 M bc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.96
4080
4080
4080
4080
4080
4080
4080
3918
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
43
1864
1587
1405
1107
1475
1244
1100
922
2420
2119
1911
1584
1943
1700
1533
1331
2509
2202
1987
1653
2027
1779
1604
1403
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
0.96
0.87
0.85
0.86
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.87
0.90
0.87
0.91
0.87
0.90
0.91
0.94
0.88
3918
3549
3365
3089
2812
2812
2537
2261
2077
1894
1985
1710
1619
1619
1527
1111
43
39
37
34
31
31
28
25
23
21
22
19
18
18
17
13
840
750
707
576
502
447
404
360
291
269
245
217
192
175
160
113
1222
1100
1043
863
759
686
622
558
459
426
395
351
320
287
262
199
1295
1178
1122
944
839
767
701
634
531
496
468
420
382
357
327
247
757
707
707
603
562
505
461
428
351
340
318
288
269
228
206
182
813
763
764
659
618
561
517
484
407
396
375
344
326
284
262
238
813
763
764
659
618
561
517
484
407
396
375
344
326
284
262
238
757
707
707
603
562
505
461
428
351
340
318
288
269
228
206
182
813
763
764
659
618
561
517
484
407
396
375
344
326
284
262
238
813
763
764
659
618
561
517
484
407
396
375
344
326
284
262
238
670
626
627
534
498
447
408
379
311
301
282
255
238
202
182
161
748
698
699
599
555
555
512
479
403
392
371
341
323
282
260
236
748
698
699
599
555
555
512
479
403
392
371
341
323
282
260
236
587
548
549
467
436
392
358
332
272
263
247
223
209
177
159
141
706
659
660
563
524
471
435
399
384
363
354
325
308
269
248
226
706
659
660
563
524
471
435
399
384
364
354
325
308
269
248
226
DB1.364


TABLE C17:

Steel
Shear Connection
Limits
Design Moment
Capacities (kNm)

Circular
L0/h0 = 1.0
Section
max
800WB192
800WB168
800WB146
800WB122
700WB173
700WB150
700WB130
700WB115
610UB125
610UB113
610UB101
530UB 92.4
530UB 82.0
460UB 82.1
460UB 74.6
460UB 67.1
410UB 59.7
410UB 53.7
360UB 56.7
360UB 50.7
360UB 44.7
310UB 46.2
310UB 40.4
310UB 32.0
L0/h0 = 1.5
L0/h0 = 2.0
Fcc
(kN)
n max
M b.0 M b.5 M bc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.87
1.00
1.00
0.98
0.87
4080
4080
4080
3549
4080
4080
4010
3549
45
45
45
39
45
45
44
39
1864
1587
1405
1107
1475
1244
1100
922
2255
1945
1740
1397
1826
1567
1398
1186
2340
2023
1810
1473
1907
1640
1468
1263
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
448
445
439
435
393
390
385
380
566
561
555
549
516
506
489
480
566
561
555
549
518
507
489
480
354
351
347
343
310
308
303
300
472
470
467
462
445
444
442
435
455
467
468
463
437
444
442
435
292
290
286
283
256
254
250
248
389
388
386
382
368
367
365
359
375
385
386
382
361
367
365
359
0.87
0.78
0.76
0.78
0.77
0.80
0.78
0.80
0.82
0.79
0.82
0.83
0.80
0.86
0.83
0.81
3549
3181
2996
2812
2445
2537
2261
2077
1894
1710
1802
1619
1436
1527
1344
1024
39
35
33
31
27
28
25
23
21
19
20
18
16
17
15
12
840
750
707
576
502
447
404
360
291
269
245
217
192
175
160
113
1091
978
921
769
672
616
559
498
414
383
361
320
290
270
247
183
1170
1058
1001
849
749
695
635
571
483
448
428
382
346
330
303
225
567
529
530
451
421
378
345
320
263
254
238
216
202
171
154
136
635
596
597
517
486
442
409
383
325
316
300
276
262
231
213
195
635
596
597
517
486
442
409
383
325
316
300
276
262
231
213
195
387
361
362
308
287
258
236
219
180
174
163
147
138
117
105
93
500
465
457
445
410
382
354
333
283
276
262
242
230
204
189
174
500
466
457
445
411
382
354
333
283
276
262
242
230
204
189
174
305
285
285
243
227
204
186
173
142
137
128
116
109
92
83
73
448
418
418
356
332
321
298
272
264
254
245
227
216
191
178
164
448
418
418
356
332
322
298
273
264
254
245
227
216
191
178
164
252
235
236
201
187
168
154
142
117
113
106
96
90
76
68
61
379
359
357
333
311
281
256
238
207
195
219
199
184
183
171
154
379
359
357
333
311
281
256
238
208
196
219
199
185
183
171
154

DB1.3
65

TABLE C18:

Steel
Shear Connection
Limits
Design Moment
Capacities (kNm)

Circular
L0/h0 = 1.0
Section
max
800WB192
800WB168
800WB146
800WB122
700WB173
700WB150
700WB130
700WB115
610UB125
610UB113
610UB101
530UB 92.4
530UB 82.0
460UB 82.1
460UB 74.6
460UB 67.1
410UB 59.7
410UB 53.7
360UB 56.7
360UB 50.7
360UB 44.7
310UB 46.2
310UB 40.4
310UB 32.0
L0/h0 = 1.5
L0/h0 = 2.0
Fcc
(kN)
n max
M b.0 M b.5 M bc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
1.00
1.00
0.98
0.76
1.00
0.98
0.87
0.76
4080
4080
4010
3089
4080
4010
3549
3089
45
45
44
34
45
44
39
34
1843
1539
1342
1008
1464
1210
1054
854
2079
1770
1562
1209
1691
1430
1251
1041
2159
1841
1631
1287
1767
1500
1327
1119
292
290
287
284
256
254
251
248
407
405
401
397
364
362
357
354
407
405
401
397
364
362
357
354
157
156
154
152
138
136
135
133
283
281
278
275
297
290
278
255
283
281
278
275
298
291
280
256
115
114
113
112
101
100
99
97
222
222
221
213
223
223
220
213
215
222
222
214
221
224
221
213
91
90
89
88
80
79
78
77
175
175
175
168
176
176
174
168
170
175
175
169
174
176
174
168
0.76
0.67
0.66
0.68
0.65
0.71
0.69
0.69
0.70
0.70
0.74
0.73
0.70
0.75
0.77
0.74
3089
2720
2628
2445
2077
2261
1985
1802
1619
1527
1619
1436
1253
1344
1253
937
34
30
29
27
23
25
22
20
18
17
18
16
14
15
14
11
786
697
650
538
463
423
382
338
278
255
236
209
180
173
158
104
959
854
798
675
583
546
494
439
369
340
324
286
259
246
225
164
1040
934
876
752
656
621
566
506
433
400
386
344
310
302
278
202
252
236
236
201
187
168
154
143
117
113
106
96
90
76
69
61
360
339
340
298
281
259
241
228
197
192
184
172
164
148
139
129
360
339
340
298
281
259
241
228
197
192
184
172
164
148
139
129
135
126
127
108
101
90
83
77
63
61
57
52
48
41
37
33
286
266
256
251
238
220
205
195
170
166
159
150
143
130
123
115
287
267
257
251
238
220
205
195
170
166
159
150
143
130
123
115
99
93
93
79
74
66
60
56
46
45
42
38
35
30
27
24
227
212
212
181
168
189
176
161
161
154
152
143
137
125
118
111
227
212
212
182
168
190
177
161
161
155
152
143
137
125
118
111
78
73
73
62
58
52
48
44
36
35
33
30
28
24
21
19
182
173
170
168
155
144
133
122
124
117
135
122
113
121
115
97
183
173
171
168
156
144
134
122
125
117
135
123
114
121
115
98
DB1.366


TABLE C19:

Steel
Shear Connection
Limits
Design Moment
Capacities (kNm)

Circular
L0/h0 = 1.0
Section
max
800WB192
800WB168
800WB146
800WB122
700WB173
700WB150
700WB130
700WB115
610UB125
610UB113
610UB101
530UB 92.4
530UB 82.0
460UB 82.1
460UB 74.6
460UB 67.1
410UB 59.7
410UB 53.7
360UB 56.7
360UB 50.7
360UB 44.7
310UB 46.2
310UB 40.4
310UB 32.0
L0/h0 = 1.5
L0/h0 = 2.0
Fcc
(kN)
n max
M b.0 M b.5 M bc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
2829
2829
2829
2829
2829
2829
2829
2829
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
1864
1587
1405
1107
1475
1244
1100
922
2319
2038
1851
1540
1897
1654
1490
1299
2490
2190
1979
1651
2011
1770
1600
1404
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.99
0.99
0.90
0.87
0.90
0.87
0.91
0.87
0.90
0.91
0.94
0.92
2829
2829
2829
2829
2812
2812
2537
2261
2077
1894
1985
1710
1619
1619
1527
1161
32
32
32
32
31
31
28
25
23
21
22
19
18
18
17
13
840
750
707
576
502
447
404
360
291
269
245
217
192
175
160
113
1185
1078
1028
859
765
691
627
561
462
429
397
353
322
289
263
200
1294
1183
1130
959
861
789
720
649
543
506
479
428
389
364
334
251
757
707
707
603
562
505
461
428
351
340
318
288
269
228
206
182
791
741
742
637
596
539
496
462
386
374
353
323
304
263
240
216
791
741
742
637
596
539
496
462
386
374
353
323
304
263
240
216
757
707
707
603
562
505
461
428
351
340
318
288
269
228
206
182
757
707
707
603
562
539
496
462
386
374
353
323
304
263
240
216
757
707
707
603
562
539
496
462
386
374
353
323
304
263
240
216
670
626
627
534
498
447
408
379
311
301
282
255
238
202
182
161
743
698
699
596
555
499
456
423
347
336
349
319
301
260
238
214
738
698
699
596
555
499
456
423
347
336
349
319
301
260
238
214
587
548
549
467
436
392
358
332
272
263
247
223
209
177
159
141
651
612
614
542
511
471
430
399
328
317
297
269
251
247
226
200
646
612
614
543
512
471
430
399
328
317
297
269
251
247
226
203

DB1.3
67

TABLE C20:

Steel
Shear Connection
Limits
Design Moment
Capacities (kNm)

Circular
L0/h0 = 1.0
Section
max
800WB192
800WB168
800WB146
800WB122
700WB173
700WB150
700WB130
700WB115
610UB125
610UB113
610UB101
530UB 92.4
530UB 82.0
460UB 82.1
460UB 74.6
460UB 67.1
410UB 59.7
410UB 53.7
360UB 56.7
360UB 50.7
360UB 44.7
310UB 46.2
310UB 40.4
310UB 32.0
L0/h0 = 1.5
L0/h0 = 2.0
Fcc
(kN)
n max
M b.0 M b.5 M bc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
2829
2829
2829
2829
2829
2829
2829
2829
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
1864
1587
1405
1107
1475
1244
1100
922
2209
1900
1697
1376
1780
1523
1360
1171
2327
2014
1806
1479
1897
1635
1467
1272
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
448
445
439
435
393
390
385
380
508
505
501
497
462
460
456
452
461
481
489
498
424
445
450
454
354
351
347
343
310
308
303
300
401
398
395
392
364
363
359
357
364
379
386
393
334
351
355
358
292
290
286
283
256
254
250
248
331
329
326
324
301
299
297
295
300
313
318
324
276
290
293
295
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.99
0.86
0.90
0.80
0.80
0.82
0.79
0.82
0.83
0.80
0.86
0.83
0.85
2829
2829
2829
2812
2445
2537
2261
2077
1894
1710
1802
1619
1436
1527
1344
1070
32
32
32
31
27
28
25
23
21
19
20
18
16
17
15
12
840
750
707
576
502
447
404
360
291
269
245
217
192
175
160
113
1072
972
922
775
676
621
562
501
416
385
363
322
292
271
248
184
1176
1073
1021
871
765
713
649
582
492
457
436
389
352
336
308
227
567
529
530
451
421
378
345
320
263
254
238
216
202
171
154
136
613
574
575
495
464
420
387
361
303
294
278
255
240
209
192
173
613
574
575
495
464
420
387
361
303
294
278
255
240
209
192
173
387
361
362
308
287
258
236
219
180
174
163
147
138
117
105
93
469
445
446
389
363
326
298
276
258
246
240
221
208
182
167
152
469
447
448
389
363
326
298
276
261
250
240
221
208
182
167
152
305
285
285
243
227
204
186
173
142
137
128
116
109
92
83
73
370
351
352
318
301
290
270
253
208
201
190
175
164
169
156
141
370
352
353
320
302
291
271
253
208
201
192
177
167
169
156
142
252
235
236
201
187
168
154
142
117
113
106
96
90
76
68
61
306
290
291
263
248
239
223
209
188
182
177
160
150
140
132
109
306
291
292
264
249
240
224
210
189
183
177
160
150
142
133
110
DB1.368


TABLE C21:

Steel
Shear Connection
Limits
Design Moment
Capacities (kNm)

Circular
L0/h0 = 1.0
Section
max
800WB192
800WB168
800WB146
800WB122
700WB173
700WB150
700WB130
700WB115
610UB125
610UB113
610UB101
530UB 92.4
530UB 82.0
460UB 82.1
460UB 74.6
460UB 67.1
410UB 59.7
410UB 53.7
360UB 56.7
360UB 50.7
360UB 44.7
310UB 46.2
310UB 40.4
310UB 32.0
L0/h0 = 1.5
L0/h0 = 2.0
Fcc
(kN)
n max
M b.0 M b.5 M bc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
2829
2829
2829
2829
2829
2829
2829
2829
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
1843
1539
1342
1008
1464
1210
1054
854
2034
1727
1526
1207
1646
1390
1230
1042
2149
1837
1631
1305
1759
1498
1332
1139
292
290
287
284
256
254
251
248
351
348
344
341
332
334
336
330
330
348
344
341
308
339
336
332
157
156
154
152
138
136
135
133
215
214
213
213
205
204
204
203
182
203
210
216
181
199
204
206
115
114
113
112
101
100
99
97
157
157
156
156
150
150
149
149
133
148
154
158
133
146
149
151
91
90
89
88
80
79
78
77
124
124
123
123
118
118
118
118
105
117
122
125
105
115
118
119
1.00
0.96
0.93
0.86
0.73
0.80
0.70
0.69
0.70
0.70
0.74
0.73
0.70
0.75
0.77
0.78
2829
2720
2628
2445
2077
2261
1985
1802
1619
1527
1619
1436
1253
1344
1253
979
32
30
29
27
23
25
22
20
18
17
18
16
14
15
14
11
786
697
650
538
463
423
382
338
278
255
236
209
180
173
158
104
957
859
802
679
586
549
497
441
371
341
325
288
260
248
226
165
1057
955
895
768
668
635
577
515
440
406
393
349
315
307
282
204
252
236
236
201
187
168
154
143
117
113
106
96
90
76
69
61
338
318
318
276
260
237
219
206
175
171
162
150
142
126
117
107
338
318
318
276
260
237
219
206
175
171
162
150
142
126
117
107
135
126
127
108
101
90
83
77
63
61
57
52
48
41
37
33
215
207
207
195
182
170
159
148
148
142
137
128
122
108
101
93
218
209
209
195
182
173
163
152
148
144
137
128
122
108
101
93
99
93
93
79
74
66
60
56
46
45
42
38
35
30
27
24
158
151
151
144
136
140
131
123
105
102
109
101
95
103
96
85
160
153
153
146
138
142
134
126
105
102
112
104
98
103
96
88
78
73
73
62
58
52
48
44
36
35
33
30
28
24
21
19
125
120
119
114
107
110
104
97
93
89
91
82
77
84
79
64
126
121
121
115
109
112
105
99
95
92
91
82
77
86
81
66

DB1.3
69

TABLE C22:

Steel
Shear Connection
Limits
Design Moment
Capacities (kNm)

Circular
L0/h0 = 1.0
Section
max
800WB192
800WB168
800WB146
800WB122
700WB173
700WB150
700WB130
700WB115
610UB125
610UB113
610UB101
530UB 92.4
530UB 82.0
460UB 82.1
460UB 74.6
460UB 67.1
410UB 59.7
410UB 53.7
360UB 56.7
360UB 50.7
360UB 44.7
310UB 46.2
310UB 40.4
310UB 32.0
L0/h0 = 1.5
L0/h0 = 2.0
Fcc
(kN)
n max
M b.0 M b.5 M bc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
1.00
1.00
0.94
0.86
1.00
0.94
0.89
0.88
5222
5222
4933
4102
5222
4933
4471
3918
58
58
54
45
58
54
49
43
1864
1587
1405
1107
1475
1244
1100
922
2475
2175
1955
1596
1996
1744
1557
1341
2578
2269
2049
1699
2093
1842
1659
1444
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
0.86
0.86
0.85
0.86
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.87
0.90
0.87
0.91
0.87
0.90
0.91
0.94
0.92
3918
3549
3365
3089
2812
2812
2537
2261
2077
1894
1985
1710
1619
1619
1527
1161
43
39
37
34
31
31
28
25
23
21
22
19
18
18
17
13
840
750
707
576
502
447
404
360
291
269
245
217
192
175
160
113
1233
1109
1051
870
765
691
627
561
462
429
397
353
322
289
263
200
1339
1214
1154
971
861
789
720
649
543
506
479
428
389
364
334
251
757
707
707
603
562
505
461
428
351
340
318
288
269
228
206
182
821
770
771
666
626
569
525
492
415
403
382
352
333
292
269
245
821
770
771
666
626
569
525
492
415
403
382
352
333
292
269
245
757
707
707
603
562
505
461
428
351
340
318
288
269
228
206
182
821
770
771
666
626
569
525
492
415
403
382
352
333
292
269
245
821
770
771
666
626
569
525
492
415
403
382
352
333
292
269
245
670
626
627
534
498
447
408
379
311
301
282
255
238
202
182
161
748
698
699
618
559
563
519
487
411
399
378
349
330
289
267
243
748
698
699
618
559
563
519
487
411
399
378
349
330
289
267
243
587
548
549
467
436
392
358
332
272
263
247
223
209
177
159
141
706
659
660
563
524
485
447
408
391
371
361
333
315
277
256
233
706
659
660
563
524
485
447
408
391
371
361
333
315
277
256
233
DB1.370


TABLE C23:

Steel
Shear Connection
Limits
Design Moment
Capacities (kNm)

Circular
L0/h0 = 1.0
Section
max
800WB192
800WB168
800WB146
800WB122
700WB173
700WB150
700WB130
700WB115
610UB125
610UB113
610UB101
530UB 92.4
530UB 82.0
460UB 82.1
460UB 74.6
460UB 67.1
410UB 59.7
410UB 53.7
360UB 56.7
360UB 50.7
360UB 44.7
310UB 46.2
310UB 40.4
310UB 32.0
L0/h0 = 1.5
L0/h0 = 2.0
Fcc
(kN)
n max
M b.0 M b.5 M bc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
1.00
0.96
0.86
0.75
1.00
0.86
0.80
0.80
5222
5025
4471
3549
5222
4471
4010
3549
58
55
49
39
58
49
44
39
1864
1587
1405
1107
1475
1244
1100
922
2312
1991
1765
1406
1882
1593
1409
1195
2409
2086
1865
1509
1973
1696
1513
1296
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
448
445
439
435
393
390
385
380
574
561
555
549
519
515
507
480
574
561
555
549
519
515
507
480
354
351
347
343
310
308
303
300
504
502
496
481
455
451
445
440
503
502
496
481
455
451
445
440
292
290
286
283
256
254
250
248
416
415
409
397
398
393
386
375
416
415
410
397
398
394
386
375
0.78
0.77
0.76
0.78
0.77
0.80
0.78
0.80
0.82
0.79
0.82
0.83
0.80
0.86
0.83
0.85
3549
3181
2996
2812
2445
2537
2261
2077
1894
1710
1802
1619
1436
1527
1344
1070
39
35
33
31
27
28
25
23
21
19
20
18
16
17
15
12
840
750
707
576
502
447
404
360
291
269
245
217
192
175
160
113
1100
985
927
775
676
621
562
501
416
385
363
322
292
271
248
184
1205
1086
1026
871
765
713
649
582
492
457
436
389
352
336
308
227
567
529
530
451
421
378
345
320
263
254
238
216
202
171
154
136
642
604
604
524
493
449
416
391
332
323
307
284
269
238
221
203
642
604
604
524
493
449
416
391
332
323
307
284
269
238
221
203
387
361
362
308
287
258
236
219
180
174
163
147
138
117
105
93
525
485
468
453
423
390
361
340
290
283
269
250
238
211
196
181
525
485
469
453
423
390
361
340
290
283
269
250
238
211
196
181
305
285
285
243
227
204
186
173
142
137
128
116
109
92
83
73
448
418
418
356
332
333
307
280
271
260
252
234
223
199
185
171
448
418
418
356
332
333
308
280
271
260
252
234
223
199
185
171
252
235
236
201
187
168
154
142
117
113
106
96
90
76
68
61
398
374
371
335
313
281
256
238
213
200
225
203
188
191
178
156
398
374
371
335
313
281
256
238
213
200
225
203
188
191
178
156

DB1.3
71

TABLE C24:
= 1600 mm, fc' = 32 MPa, = 1.0 ( i.e. sheeting ribs parallel to beam), h0 Ds or D D s = 0.7,

Steel
Shear Connection
Limits
Design Moment
Capacities (kNm)

Circular
L0/h0 = 1.0
Section
max
800WB192
800WB168
800WB146
800WB122
700WB173
700WB150
700WB130
700WB115
610UB125
610UB113
610UB101
530UB 92.4
530UB 82.0
460UB 82.1
460UB 74.6
460UB 67.1
410UB 59.7
410UB 53.7
360UB 56.7
360UB 50.7
360UB 44.7
310UB 46.2
310UB 40.4
310UB 32.0
L0/h0 = 1.5
L0/h0 = 2.0
Fcc
(kN)
n max
M b.0 M b.5 M bc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
1.00
0.86
0.77
0.65
0.93
0.77
0.70
0.70
5222
4471
4010
3089
4840
4010
3549
3089
58
49
44
34
53
44
39
34
1843
1539
1342
1008
1464
1210
1054
854
2135
1796
1573
1216
1731
1442
1260
1047
2224
1897
1676
1314
1828
1546
1363
1144
292
290
287
284
256
254
251
248
415
412
408
404
372
369
365
361
415
412
408
404
372
369
365
361
157
156
154
152
138
136
135
133
328
311
294
275
312
310
302
270
329
312
295
275
312
310
303
271
115
114
113
112
101
100
99
97
251
247
242
226
235
228
225
223
251
248
242
226
235
228
225
223
91
90
89
88
80
79
78
77
198
195
191
178
201
195
189
178
198
196
191
179
201
195
189
179
0.68
0.66
0.66
0.68
0.65
0.71
0.69
0.69
0.70
0.70
0.74
0.73
0.70
0.75
0.77
0.78
3089
2720
2628
2445
2077
2261
1985
1802
1619
1527
1619
1436
1253
1344
1253
979
34
30
29
27
23
25
22
20
18
17
18
16
14
15
14
11
786
697
650
538
463
423
382
338
278
255
236
209
180
173
158
104
966
859
802
679
586
549
497
441
371
341
325
288
260
248
226
165
1066
955
895
768
668
635
577
515
440
406
393
349
315
307
282
204
252
236
236
201
187
168
154
143
117
113
106
96
90
76
69
61
367
347
347
305
289
266
248
235
204
200
191
179
172
155
146
137
367
347
347
305
289
266
248
235
204
200
191
179
172
155
146
137
135
126
127
108
101
90
83
77
63
61
57
52
48
41
37
33
304
280
268
259
245
227
213
202
177
174
167
157
151
138
130
123
305
281
269
259
245
227
213
202
177
174
167
157
151
138
130
123
99
93
93
79
74
66
60
56
46
45
42
38
35
30
27
24
227
212
212
189
169
198
183
166
169
159
159
150
144
132
125
118
227
212
212
190
170
198
184
167
169
159
159
150
144
132
125
118
78
73
73
62
58
52
48
44
36
35
33
30
28
24
21
19
195
182
179
172
160
150
138
126
128
120
139
126
116
129
122
99
195
183
179
172
160
150
139
126
129
120
139
126
116
129
122
99
DB1.372


TABLE C25:

Steel
Shear Connection
Limits
Design Moment
Capacities (kNm)

Circular
L0/h0 = 1.0
Section
max
800WB192
800WB168
800WB146
800WB122
700WB173
700WB150
700WB130
700WB115
610UB125
610UB113
610UB101
530UB 92.4
530UB 82.0
460UB 82.1
460UB 74.6
460UB 67.1
410UB 59.7
410UB 53.7
360UB 56.7
360UB 50.7
360UB 44.7
310UB 46.2
310UB 40.4
310UB 32.0
L0/h0 = 1.5
L0/h0 = 2.0
Fcc
(kN)
n max
M b.0 M b.5 M bc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
2901
2901
2901
2901
2901
2901
2901
2901
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
1864
1587
1405
1107
1475
1244
1100
922
2327
2046
1859
1545
1901
1658
1494
1303
2496
2197
1986
1657
2017
1777
1606
1410
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.97
0.97
0.88
0.87
0.90
0.87
0.91
0.87
0.90
0.91
0.94
0.88
2901
2901
2901
2901
2812
2812
2537
2261
2077
1894
1985
1710
1619
1619
1527
1111
32
32
32
32
31
31
28
25
23
21
22
19
18
18
17
13
840
750
707
576
502
447
404
360
291
269
245
217
192
175
160
113
1189
1082
1032
863
765
692
627
562
462
429
398
354
322
289
263
200
1300
1189
1136
965
862
791
721
650
544
507
480
429
389
365
334
251
757
707
707
603
562
505
461
428
351
340
318
288
269
228
206
182
787
737
738
633
592
535
492
458
382
370
349
319
300
259
236
212
787
737
738
633
592
535
492
458
382
370
349
319
300
259
236
212
757
707
707
603
562
505
461
428
351
340
318
288
269
228
206
182
757
707
707
603
563
535
492
458
382
370
349
319
300
259
236
212
757
707
707
603
565
535
492
458
382
370
349
319
300
259
236
212
670
626
627
534
498
447
408
379
311
301
282
255
238
202
182
161
746
698
699
596
555
499
456
423
347
336
345
315
297
256
234
210
740
698
699
596
555
499
456
423
348
336
345
315
297
256
234
210
587
548
549
467
436
392
358
332
272
263
247
223
209
177
159
141
653
615
616
544
512
471
430
399
328
317
297
269
251
243
222
200
648
614
616
544
513
471
430
399
328
317
297
269
251
243
222
200

DB1.3
73

TABLE C26:

Steel
Shear Connection
Limits
Design Moment
Capacities (kNm)

Circular
L0/h0 = 1.0
Section
max
800WB192
800WB168
800WB146
800WB122
700WB173
700WB150
700WB130
700WB115
610UB125
610UB113
610UB101
530UB 92.4
530UB 82.0
460UB 82.1
460UB 74.6
460UB 67.1
410UB 59.7
410UB 53.7
360UB 56.7
360UB 50.7
360UB 44.7
310UB 46.2
310UB 40.4
310UB 32.0
L0/h0 = 1.5
L0/h0 = 2.0
Fcc
(kN)
n max
M b.0 M b.5 M bc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
2901
2901
2901
2901
2901
2901
2901
2901
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
1864
1587
1405
1107
1475
1244
1100
922
2213
1904
1701
1380
1784
1527
1364
1175
2334
2021
1812
1485
1903
1641
1473
1278
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
448
445
439
435
393
390
385
380
512
509
505
501
466
464
459
456
461
485
492
500
429
449
453
456
354
351
347
343
310
308
303
300
404
402
398
395
368
366
362
359
364
382
388
394
338
354
357
359
292
290
286
283
256
254
250
248
334
332
329
326
304
302
299
297
300
316
320
326
279
292
295
297
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.97
0.84
0.87
0.78
0.80
0.82
0.79
0.82
0.83
0.80
0.86
0.83
0.85
2901
2901
2901
2812
2445
2537
2261
2077
1894
1710
1802
1619
1436
1527
1344
1070
32
32
32
31
27
28
25
23
21
19
20
18
16
17
15
12
840
750
707
576
502
447
404
360
291
269
245
217
192
175
160
113
1076
976
926
775
676
621
563
502
417
385
363
322
292
272
248
184
1182
1078
1026
873
767
714
650
583
493
457
437
390
352
337
309
228
567
529
530
451
421
378
345
320
263
254
238
216
202
171
154
136
609
570
571
491
460
416
383
357
299
290
274
251
236
205
188
169
609
570
571
491
460
416
383
357
299
290
274
251
236
205
188
169
387
361
362
308
287
258
236
219
180
174
163
147
138
117
105
93
472
447
449
389
363
326
298
276
257
247
236
216
204
178
163
148
472
449
450
389
363
326
298
276
257
250
236
216
204
178
163
148
305
285
285
243
227
204
186
173
142
137
128
116
109
92
83
73
373
353
354
320
302
291
271
253
208
201
191
175
165
165
152
138
372
354
355
321
303
292
272
253
208
201
193
178
167
165
152
138
252
235
236
201
187
168
154
142
117
113
106
96
90
76
68
61
308
291
292
264
249
240
224
209
188
182
177
160
150
140
132
109
307
292
293
265
250
241
225
211
190
184
177
160
150
142
134
110
DB1.374


TABLE C27:

Steel
Shear Connection
Limits
Design Moment
Capacities (kNm)

Circular
L0/h0 = 1.0
Section
max
800WB192
800WB168
800WB146
800WB122
700WB173
700WB150
700WB130
700WB115
610UB125
610UB113
610UB101
530UB 92.4
530UB 82.0
460UB 82.1
460UB 74.6
460UB 67.1
410UB 59.7
410UB 53.7
360UB 56.7
360UB 50.7
360UB 44.7
310UB 46.2
310UB 40.4
310UB 32.0
L0/h0 = 1.5
L0/h0 = 2.0
Fcc
(kN)
n max
M b.0 M b.5 M bc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
2901
2901
2901
2901
2901
2901
2901
2901
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
1843
1539
1342
1008
1464
1210
1054
854
2038
1731
1530
1210
1650
1394
1233
1045
2155
1843
1637
1311
1766
1504
1338
1145
292
290
287
284
256
254
251
248
351
348
344
341
339
336
332
328
336
348
344
341
318
336
332
328
157
156
154
152
138
136
135
133
218
217
216
215
207
206
205
205
186
206
213
217
186
202
206
208
115
114
113
112
101
100
99
97
159
159
158
157
152
151
150
150
136
151
156
159
136
148
151
152
91
90
89
88
80
79
78
77
126
125
125
124
120
119
119
119
108
119
123
126
107
117
119
120
1.00
0.94
0.91
0.84
0.72
0.78
0.69
0.69
0.70
0.70
0.74
0.73
0.70
0.75
0.77
0.74
2901
2720
2628
2445
2077
2261
1985
1802
1619
1527
1619
1436
1253
1344
1253
937
32
30
29
27
23
25
22
20
18
17
18
16
14
15
14
11
786
697
650
538
463
423
382
338
278
255
236
209
180
173
158
104
961
860
803
679
586
550
497
441
371
341
326
288
260
248
227
165
1063
957
896
770
669
636
578
515
441
407
394
350
315
308
283
204
252
236
236
201
187
168
154
143
117
113
106
96
90
76
69
61
334
314
314
272
256
233
215
202
171
167
158
146
138
122
113
103
334
314
314
272
256
233
215
202
171
167
158
146
138
122
113
103
135
126
127
108
101
90
83
77
63
61
57
52
48
41
37
33
217
208
208
195
182
171
160
149
144
140
133
124
118
104
97
89
220
211
211
195
182
174
164
153
144
140
133
124
118
104
97
89
99
93
93
79
74
66
60
56
46
45
42
38
35
30
27
24
159
153
152
145
137
141
132
124
105
102
110
101
95
99
92
85
161
154
154
147
139
143
134
126
106
102
113
104
98
99
92
85
78
73
73
62
58
52
48
44
36
35
33
30
28
24
21
19
126
120
120
115
108
111
104
98
93
90
91
82
77
84
80
64
127
122
122
116
110
113
106
100
95
92
91
82
77
86
82
66

DB1.3
75

TABLE C28:

Steel
Shear Connection
Limits
Design Moment
Capacities (kNm)

Circular
L0/h0 = 1.0
Section
max
800WB192
800WB168
800WB146
800WB122
700WB173
700WB150
700WB130
700WB115
610UB125
610UB113
610UB101
530UB 92.4
530UB 82.0
460UB 82.1
460UB 74.6
460UB 67.1
410UB 59.7
410UB 53.7
360UB 56.7
360UB 50.7
360UB 44.7
310UB 46.2
310UB 40.4
310UB 32.0
L0/h0 = 1.5
L0/h0 = 2.0
Fcc
(kN)
n max
M b.0 M b.5 M bc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
1.00
1.00
0.92
0.86
1.00
0.92
0.89
0.88
5355
5355
4933
4102
5355
4933
4471
3918
59
59
54
45
59
54
49
43
1864
1587
1405
1107
1475
1244
1100
922
2481
2182
1956
1597
2002
1745
1559
1342
2585
2277
2056
1703
2100
1848
1664
1448
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
0.86
0.86
0.85
0.86
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.87
0.90
0.87
0.91
0.87
0.90
0.91
0.94
0.88
3918
3549
3365
3089
2812
2812
2537
2261
2077
1894
1985
1710
1619
1619
1527
1111
43
39
37
34
31
31
28
25
23
21
22
19
18
18
17
13
840
750
707
576
502
447
404
360
291
269
245
217
192
175
160
113
1234
1109
1052
871
765
692
627
562
462
429
398
354
322
289
263
200
1343
1217
1157
973
862
791
721
650
544
507
480
429
389
365
334
251
757
707
707
603
562
505
461
428
351
340
318
288
269
228
206
182
813
763
764
659
618
561
517
484
407
396
375
344
326
284
262
238
813
763
764
659
618
561
517
484
407
396
375
344
326
284
262
238
757
707
707
603
562
505
461
428
351
340
318
288
269
228
206
182
813
763
764
659
618
561
517
484
407
396
375
344
326
284
262
238
813
763
764
659
618
561
517
484
407
396
375
344
326
284
262
238
670
626
627
534
498
447
408
379
311
301
282
255
238
202
182
161
748
698
699
619
560
555
512
479
403
392
371
341
323
282
260
236
748
698
699
620
561
555
512
479
403
392
371
341
323
282
260
236
587
548
549
467
436
392
358
332
272
263
247
223
209
177
159
141
706
659
660
563
524
486
448
409
384
371
354
325
308
269
248
226
706
659
660
563
524
486
448
409
384
372
354
325
308
269
248
226
DB1.376


TABLE C29:

Steel
Shear Connection
Limits
Design Moment
Capacities (kNm)

Circular
L0/h0 = 1.0
Section
max
800WB192
800WB168
800WB146
800WB122
700WB173
700WB150
700WB130
700WB115
610UB125
610UB113
610UB101
530UB 92.4
530UB 82.0
460UB 82.1
460UB 74.6
460UB 67.1
410UB 59.7
410UB 53.7
360UB 56.7
360UB 50.7
360UB 44.7
310UB 46.2
310UB 40.4
310UB 32.0
L0/h0 = 1.5
L0/h0 = 2.0
Fcc
(kN)
n max
M b.0 M b.5 M bc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
1.00
0.94
0.83
0.75
0.99
0.83
0.80
0.80
5355
5025
4471
3549
5302
4471
4010
3549
59
55
49
39
58
49
44
39
1864
1587
1405
1107
1475
1244
1100
922
2319
1992
1766
1407
1885
1595
1410
1195
2417
2092
1870
1512
1980
1701
1517
1299
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
448
445
439
435
393
390
385
380
580
561
555
549
519
515
507
480
581
561
555
549
519
515
507
480
354
351
347
343
310
308
303
300
508
505
498
482
455
451
445
440
508
506
499
483
455
451
445
440
292
290
286
283
256
254
250
248
419
417
412
398
402
396
388
376
419
417
412
399
402
396
388
376
0.78
0.77
0.76
0.78
0.77
0.80
0.78
0.80
0.82
0.79
0.82
0.83
0.80
0.86
0.83
0.81
3549
3181
2996
2812
2445
2537
2261
2077
1894
1710
1802
1619
1436
1527
1344
1024
39
35
33
31
27
28
25
23
21
19
20
18
16
17
15
12
840
750
707
576
502
447
404
360
291
269
245
217
192
175
160
113
1101
985
928
775
676
621
563
502
417
385
363
322
292
272
248
184
1208
1089
1028
873
767
714
650
583
493
457
437
390
352
337
309
228
567
529
530
451
421
378
345
320
263
254
238
216
202
171
154
136
635
596
597
517
486
442
409
383
325
316
300
276
262
231
213
195
635
596
597
517
486
442
409
383
325
316
300
276
262
231
213
195
387
361
362
308
287
258
236
219
180
174
163
147
138
117
105
93
527
487
470
445
419
382
354
333
283
276
262
242
230
204
189
174
527
487
470
445
419
382
354
333
283
276
262
242
230
204
189
174
305
285
285
243
227
204
186
173
142
137
128
116
109
92
83
73
448
418
418
356
332
334
308
280
264
257
245
227
216
191
178
164
448
418
418
356
332
334
308
281
264
257
245
227
216
191
178
164
252
235
236
201
187
168
154
142
117
113
106
96
90
76
68
61
400
375
372
335
313
281
256
238
213
200
225
204
188
183
171
156
400
376
372
335
313
281
256
238
214
201
225
204
189
183
171
156

DB1.3
77

TABLE C30:

Steel
Shear Connection
Limits
Design Moment
Capacities (kNm)

Circular
L0/h0 = 1.0
Section
max
800WB192
800WB168
800WB146
800WB122
700WB173
700WB150
700WB130
700WB115
610UB125
610UB113
610UB101
530UB 92.4
530UB 82.0
460UB 82.1
460UB 74.6
460UB 67.1
410UB 59.7
410UB 53.7
360UB 56.7
360UB 50.7
360UB 44.7
310UB 46.2
310UB 40.4
310UB 32.0
L0/h0 = 1.5
L0/h0 = 2.0
Fcc
(kN)
n max
M b.0 M b.5 M bc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
0.99
0.83
0.75
0.65
0.90
0.75
0.70
0.70
5302
4471
4010
3089
4840
4010
3549
3089
58
49
44
34
53
44
39
34
1843
1539
1342
1008
1464
1210
1054
854
2139
1797
1574
1216
1732
1443
1261
1047
2231
1902
1680
1316
1834
1550
1366
1146
292
290
287
284
256
254
251
248
407
405
401
397
364
362
357
354
407
405
401
397
364
362
357
354
157
156
154
152
138
136
135
133
332
314
297
275
305
303
299
271
333
315
298
275
305
303
299
272
115
114
113
112
101
100
99
97
254
250
243
227
238
228
225
223
255
250
244
227
238
228
225
223
91
90
89
88
80
79
78
77
201
197
192
179
203
197
190
179
201
197
193
179
204
197
190
180
0.68
0.66
0.66
0.68
0.65
0.71
0.69
0.69
0.70
0.70
0.74
0.73
0.70
0.75
0.77
0.78
3089
2720
2628
2445
2077
2261
1985
1802
1619
1527
1619
1436
1253
1344
1253
979
34
30
29
27
23
25
22
20
18
17
18
16
14
15
14
11
786
697
650
538
463
423
382
338
278
255
236
209
180
173
158
104
967
860
803
679
586
550
497
441
371
341
326
288
260
248
227
165
1069
957
896
770
669
636
578
515
441
407
394
350
315
308
283
204
252
236
236
201
187
168
154
143
117
113
106
96
90
76
69
61
360
339
340
298
281
259
241
228
197
192
184
172
164
148
139
129
360
339
340
298
281
259
241
228
197
192
184
172
164
148
139
129
135
126
127
108
101
90
83
77
63
61
57
52
48
41
37
33
301
281
269
251
238
220
205
195
170
166
159
150
143
130
123
115
301
282
270
251
238
220
205
195
170
166
159
150
143
130
123
115
99
93
93
79
74
66
60
56
46
45
42
38
35
30
27
24
227
212
212
190
170
198
184
166
161
158
152
143
137
125
118
111
227
212
212
191
170
199
184
167
161
158
152
143
137
125
118
111
78
73
73
62
58
52
48
44
36
35
33
30
28
24
21
19
196
183
180
172
160
150
139
126
129
120
139
126
116
121
115
99
196
184
180
172
160
151
139
126
129
120
140
126
117
121
115
99
DB1.378


TABLE C31:

Steel
Shear Connection
Limits
Design Moment
Capacities (kNm)

Circular
L0/h0 = 1.0
Section
max
800WB192
800WB168
800WB146
800WB122
700WB173
700WB150
700WB130
700WB115
610UB125
610UB113
610UB101
530UB 92.4
530UB 82.0
460UB 82.1
460UB 74.6
460UB 67.1
410UB 59.7
410UB 53.7
360UB 56.7
360UB 50.7
360UB 44.7
310UB 46.2
310UB 40.4
310UB 32.0
L0/h0 = 1.5
L0/h0 = 2.0
Fcc
(kN)
n max
M b.0 M b.5 M bc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
3713
3713
3713
3713
3713
3713
3713
3713
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
1864
1587
1405
1107
1475
1244
1100
922
2423
2123
1916
1592
1946
1705
1538
1346
2568
2271
2057
1724
2088
1847
1675
1476
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
1.00
0.96
0.91
0.86
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.87
0.90
0.87
0.91
0.87
0.90
0.91
0.94
0.92
3713
3549
3365
3089
2812
2812
2537
2261
2077
1894
1985
1710
1619
1619
1527
1161
41
39
37
34
31
31
28
25
23
21
22
19
18
18
17
13
840
750
707
576
502
447
404
360
291
269
245
217
192
175
160
113
1234
1116
1058
876
769
696
631
565
464
431
399
355
323
290
264
201
1367
1244
1182
994
879
807
735
661
553
515
488
435
394
370
339
253
757
707
707
603
562
505
461
428
351
340
318
288
269
228
206
182
791
741
742
637
596
539
496
462
386
374
353
323
304
263
240
216
791
741
742
637
596
539
496
462
386
374
353
323
304
263
240
216
757
707
707
603
562
505
461
428
351
340
318
288
269
228
206
182
757
707
707
637
596
539
496
462
386
374
353
323
304
263
240
216
757
707
707
637
596
539
496
462
386
374
353
323
304
263
240
216
670
626
627
534
498
447
408
379
311
301
282
255
238
202
182
161
748
698
699
596
555
499
456
423
353
336
349
319
301
260
238
214
748
698
699
596
555
499
456
423
357
340
349
319
301
260
238
214
587
548
549
467
436
392
358
332
272
263
247
223
209
177
159
141
670
631
632
559
524
471
430
399
328
317
297
269
251
247
226
203
670
631
632
560
524
471
430
399
328
317
297
269
251
247
226
204

DB1.3
79

TABLE C32:

Steel
Shear Connection
Limits
Design Moment
Capacities (kNm)

Circular
L0/h0 = 1.0
Section
max
800WB192
800WB168
800WB146
800WB122
700WB173
700WB150
700WB130
700WB115
610UB125
610UB113
610UB101
530UB 92.4
530UB 82.0
460UB 82.1
460UB 74.6
460UB 67.1
410UB 59.7
410UB 53.7
360UB 56.7
360UB 50.7
360UB 44.7
310UB 46.2
310UB 40.4
310UB 32.0
L0/h0 = 1.5
L0/h0 = 2.0
Fcc
(kN)
n max
M b.0 M b.5 M bc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.96
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.96
3713
3713
3713
3549
3713
3713
3713
3549
41
41
41
39
41
41
41
39
1864
1587
1405
1107
1475
1244
1100
922
2260
1950
1745
1414
1831
1572
1408
1202
2409
2092
1881
1539
1976
1711
1540
1323
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
448
445
439
435
393
390
385
380
527
525
520
516
484
482
477
473
508
519
520
518
473
480
478
474
354
351
347
343
310
308
303
300
416
414
410
407
382
380
376
373
401
410
410
408
373
379
377
374
292
290
286
283
256
254
250
248
343
341
339
336
315
314
311
308
331
338
338
337
308
313
312
309
0.96
0.86
0.81
0.78
0.77
0.80
0.78
0.80
0.82
0.79
0.82
0.83
0.80
0.86
0.83
0.85
3549
3181
2996
2812
2445
2537
2261
2077
1894
1710
1802
1619
1436
1527
1344
1070
39
35
33
31
27
28
25
23
21
19
20
18
16
17
15
12
840
750
707
576
502
447
404
360
291
269
245
217
192
175
160
113
1107
991
933
779
679
624
565
504
418
387
365
323
293
273
249
184
1234
1110
1048
889
780
727
661
592
500
464
444
395
357
341
313
230
567
529
530
451
421
378
345
320
263
254
238
216
202
171
154
136
613
574
575
495
464
420
387
361
303
294
278
255
240
209
192
173
613
574
575
495
464
420
387
361
303
294
278
255
240
209
192
173
387
361
362
308
287
258
236
219
180
174
163
147
138
117
105
93
489
456
457
389
363
326
298
276
261
254
240
221
208
182
167
152
489
456
457
389
363
326
301
278
261
254
240
221
208
182
167
152
305
285
285
243
227
204
186
173
142
137
128
116
109
92
83
73
389
367
367
332
311
299
273
253
208
201
197
180
169
169
156
142
390
368
368
333
312
299
273
253
208
201
199
182
171
169
156
142
252
235
236
201
187
168
154
142
117
113
106
96
90
76
68
61
321
303
303
274
257
250
231
216
194
187
177
160
150
144
136
110
322
304
303
275
258
251
232
217
195
189
177
160
150
146
137
112
DB1.380


TABLE C33:

Steel
Shear Connection
Limits
Design Moment
Capacities (kNm)

Circular
L0/h0 = 1.0
Section
max
800WB192
800WB168
800WB146
800WB122
700WB173
700WB150
700WB130
700WB115
610UB125
610UB113
610UB101
530UB 92.4
530UB 82.0
460UB 82.1
460UB 74.6
460UB 67.1
410UB 59.7
410UB 53.7
360UB 56.7
360UB 50.7
360UB 44.7
310UB 46.2
310UB 40.4
310UB 32.0
L0/h0 = 1.5
L0/h0 = 2.0
Fcc
(kN)
n max
M b.0 M b.5 M bc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.83
1.00
1.00
0.96
0.83
3713
3713
3713
3089
3713
3713
3549
3089
41
41
41
34
41
41
39
34
1843
1539
1342
1008
1464
1210
1054
854
2084
1775
1573
1221
1696
1438
1268
1052
2228
1912
1703
1336
1837
1572
1394
1164
292
290
287
284
256
254
251
248
379
380
375
346
343
340
336
332
377
383
379
353
343
340
336
332
157
156
154
152
138
136
135
133
233
233
232
228
225
225
224
219
224
233
234
230
221
226
226
221
115
114
113
112
101
100
99
97
171
171
170
167
165
165
164
160
164
170
171
169
162
166
165
162
91
90
89
88
80
79
78
77
135
135
134
132
130
130
129
127
130
135
135
133
128
131
130
128
0.83
0.73
0.71
0.68
0.65
0.71
0.69
0.69
0.70
0.70
0.74
0.73
0.70
0.75
0.77
0.78
3089
2720
2628
2445
2077
2261
1985
1802
1619
1527
1619
1436
1253
1344
1253
979
34
30
29
27
23
25
22
20
18
17
18
16
14
15
14
11
786
697
650
538
463
423
382
338
278
255
236
209
180
173
158
104
972
864
806
682
589
552
499
443
373
342
327
289
261
249
227
165
1089
973
911
782
679
646
587
522
447
412
399
354
318
312
286
206
252
236
236
201
187
168
154
143
117
113
106
96
90
76
69
61
338
318
318
276
260
237
219
206
175
171
162
150
142
126
117
107
338
318
318
276
260
237
219
206
175
171
162
150
142
126
117
107
135
126
127
108
101
90
83
77
63
61
57
52
48
41
37
33
234
221
220
195
182
180
168
155
148
144
137
128
122
108
101
93
236
224
222
195
182
184
172
159
148
144
137
128
122
108
101
93
99
93
93
79
74
66
60
56
46
45
42
38
35
30
27
24
171
162
161
154
143
149
138
128
106
102
114
104
98
103
96
87
173
164
163
156
145
151
138
128
109
104
117
108
101
103
96
89
78
73
73
62
58
52
48
44
36
35
33
30
28
24
21
19
135
128
127
121
113
117
109
102
97
93
91
82
77
87
82
66
136
129
128
123
115
119
111
104
99
95
91
82
77
89
84
67

DB1.3
81

TABLE C34:

Steel
Shear Connection
Limits
Design Moment
Capacities (kNm)

Circular
L0/h0 = 1.0
Section
max
800WB192
800WB168
800WB146
800WB122
700WB173
700WB150
700WB130
700WB115
610UB125
610UB113
610UB101
530UB 92.4
530UB 82.0
460UB 82.1
460UB 74.6
460UB 67.1
410UB 59.7
410UB 53.7
360UB 56.7
360UB 50.7
360UB 44.7
310UB 46.2
310UB 40.4
310UB 32.0
L0/h0 = 1.5
L0/h0 = 2.0
Fcc
(kN)
n max
M b.0 M b.5 M bc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
0.92
0.88
0.87
0.86
0.91
0.89
0.89
0.88
6318
5487
4933
4102
5764
4933
4471
3918
69
60
54
45
63
54
49
43
1864
1587
1405
1107
1475
1244
1100
922
2531
2202
1970
1605
2030
1759
1569
1350
2669
2342
2109
1738
2177
1901
1707
1479
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
0.86
0.86
0.85
0.86
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.87
0.90
0.87
0.91
0.87
0.90
0.91
0.94
0.92
3918
3549
3365
3089
2812
2812
2537
2261
2077
1894
1985
1710
1619
1619
1527
1161
43
39
37
34
31
31
28
25
23
21
22
19
18
18
17
13
840
750
707
576
502
447
404
360
291
269
245
217
192
175
160
113
1242
1116
1058
876
769
696
631
565
464
431
399
355
323
290
264
201
1376
1244
1182
994
879
807
735
661
553
515
488
435
394
370
339
253
757
707
707
603
562
505
461
428
351
340
318
288
269
228
206
182
821
770
771
666
626
569
525
492
415
403
382
352
333
292
269
245
821
770
771
666
626
569
525
492
415
403
382
352
333
292
269
245
757
707
707
603
562
505
461
428
351
340
318
288
269
228
206
182
821
770
771
666
626
569
525
492
415
403
382
352
333
292
269
245
821
770
771
666
626
569
525
492
415
403
382
352
333
292
269
245
670
626
627
534
498
447
408
379
311
301
282
255
238
202
182
161
748
698
699
634
571
563
519
487
411
399
378
349
330
289
267
243
748
698
699
634
571
563
519
487
411
399
378
349
330
289
267
243
587
548
549
467
436
392
358
332
272
263
247
223
209
177
159
141
706
659
660
563
524
497
457
415
391
377
361
333
315
277
256
233
706
659
660
563
524
497
457
416
391
377
361
333
315
277
256
233
DB1.382


TABLE C35:

Steel
Shear Connection
Limits
Design Moment
Capacities (kNm)

Circular
L0/h0 = 1.0
Section
max
800WB192
800WB168
800WB146
800WB122
700WB173
700WB150
700WB130
700WB115
610UB125
610UB113
610UB101
530UB 92.4
530UB 82.0
460UB 82.1
460UB 74.6
460UB 67.1
410UB 59.7
410UB 53.7
360UB 56.7
360UB 50.7
360UB 44.7
310UB 46.2
310UB 40.4
310UB 32.0
L0/h0 = 1.5
L0/h0 = 2.0
Fcc
(kN)
n max
M b.0 M b.5 M bc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
0.85
0.81
0.79
0.75
0.83
0.81
0.80
0.80
5856
5025
4471
3549
5302
4471
4010
3549
64
55
49
39
58
49
44
39
1864
1587
1405
1107
1475
1244
1100
922
2352
2006
1777
1414
1900
1606
1419
1202
2489
2146
1913
1539
2041
1745
1552
1323
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
591
587
580
574
519
515
507
502
448
445
439
435
393
390
385
380
591
587
555
549
519
515
507
493
591
587
555
549
519
515
507
494
354
351
347
343
310
308
303
300
518
514
508
496
455
451
445
440
518
514
508
497
455
451
445
440
292
290
286
283
256
254
250
248
450
440
430
410
428
416
405
388
450
440
430
410
428
416
405
388
0.78
0.77
0.76
0.78
0.77
0.80
0.78
0.80
0.82
0.79
0.82
0.83
0.80
0.86
0.83
0.85
3549
3181
2996
2812
2445
2537
2261
2077
1894
1710
1802
1619
1436
1527
1344
1070
39
35
33
31
27
28
25
23
21
19
20
18
16
17
15
12
840
750
707
576
502
447
404
360
291
269
245
217
192
175
160
113
1107
991
933
779
679
624
565
504
418
387
365
323
293
273
249
184
1234
1110
1048
889
780
727
661
592
500
464
444
395
357
341
313
230
567
529
530
451
421
378
345
320
263
254
238
216
202
171
154
136
642
604
604
524
493
449
416
391
332
323
307
284
269
238
221
203
642
604
604
524
493
449
416
391
332
323
307
284
269
238
221
203
387
361
362
308
287
258
236
219
180
174
163
147
138
117
105
93
546
501
482
453
426
390
361
340
290
283
269
250
238
211
196
181
546
502
483
453
426
390
361
340
290
283
269
250
238
211
196
181
305
285
285
243
227
204
186
173
142
137
128
116
109
92
83
73
448
418
418
356
332
343
315
286
271
265
252
234
223
199
185
171
448
418
418
356
332
343
316
286
271
265
252
234
223
199
185
171
252
235
236
201
187
168
154
142
117
113
106
96
90
76
68
61
414
387
382
335
313
281
256
238
218
204
230
207
191
191
178
158
414
387
383
335
313
281
256
238
218
204
230
207
191
191
178
158

DB1.3
83

TABLE C36:

Steel
Shear Connection
Limits
Design Moment
Capacities (kNm)

Circular
L0/h0 = 1.0
Section
max
800WB192
800WB168
800WB146
800WB122
700WB173
700WB150
700WB130
700WB115
610UB125
610UB113
610UB101
530UB 92.4
530UB 82.0
460UB 82.1
460UB 74.6
460UB 67.1
410UB 59.7
410UB 53.7
360UB 56.7
360UB 50.7
360UB 44.7
310UB 46.2
310UB 40.4
310UB 32.0
L0/h0 = 1.5
L0/h0 = 2.0
Fcc
(kN)
n max
M b.0 M b.5 M bc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
Vu.0
Vu.5
Vuc
0.77
0.72
0.71
0.65
0.76
0.72
0.70
0.70
5302
4471
4010
3089
4840
4010
3549
3089
58
49
44
34
53
44
39
34
1843
1539
1342
1008
1464
1210
1054
854
2154
1808
1582
1221
1745
1451
1268
1052
2293
1946
1714
1336
1885
1586
1394
1164
292
290
287
284
256
254
251
248
415
412
408
404
372
369
365
361
415
412
408
404
372
369
365
361
157
156
154
152
138
136
135
133
347
339
316
275
312
310
307
283
347
340
316
275
312
310
307
283
115
114
113
112
101
100
99
97
262
260
257
236
262
237
225
223
262
260
257
237
262
237
225
223
91
90
89
88
80
79
78
77
223
213
204
186
220
211
201
187
223
213
205
187
220
211
202
187
0.68
0.66
0.66
0.68
0.65
0.71
0.69
0.69
0.70
0.70
0.74
0.73
0.70
0.75
0.77
0.78
3089
2720
2628
2445
2077
2261
1985
1802
1619
1527
1619
1436
1253
1344
1253
979
34
30
29
27
23
25
22
20
18
17
18
16
14
15
14
11
786
697
650
538
463
423
382
338
278
255
236
209
180
173
158
104
972
864
806
682
589
552
499
443
373
342
327
289
261
249
227
165
1089
973
911
782
679
646
587
522
447
412
399
354
318
312
286
206
252
236
236
201
187
168
154
143
117
113
106
96
90
76
69
61
367
347
347
305
289
266
248
235
204
200
191
179
172
155
146
137
367
347
347
305
289
266
248
235
204
200
191
179
172
155
146
137
135
126
127
108
101
90
83
77
63
61
57
52
48
41
37
33
309
292
278
259
245
227
213
202
177
174
167
157
151
138
130
123
309
292
279
259
245
227
213
202
177
174
167
157
151
138
130
123
99
93
93
79
74
66
60
56
46
45
42
38
35
30
27
24
227
212
212
196
174
205
189
170
169
162
159
150
144
132
125
118
227
212
212
197
175
205
189
171
169
163
159
150
144
132
125
118
78
73
73
62
58
52
48
44
36
35
33
30
28
24
21
19
205
191
186
172
160
155
143
129
132
123
142
128
118
129
122
100
206
191
187
172
160
155
143
129
132
123
143
129
119
129
122
100
DB1.384


Appendix D
NOTATION
The notation used in the booklet is the same as that used in AS 2327.1 where possible.
Abw
= cross-sectional area of steel web of the bottom T-section
Af
= cross-sectional area of steel flange
Ar
= cross-sectional area of steel plate reinforcement along top or bottom edge of penetration
Atf.eff = cross-sectional area of steel top flange, based on beff or bf as appropriate

Atw
= cross-sectional area of steel web of the top T-section
Avc
= effective area of concrete slab for shear = 3D c (D c (1 )h r )
a
b
= distance from LME to support, away from web penetration (see Fig. 5.2(a))
= distance from HME to support, away from web penetration (see Fig. 5.2(a))
bcf
beff
= effective width of concrete slab compression flange, calculated in accordance with

AS 2327.1
= effective width of steel beam top flange
bf
= width of steel beam top flange
br
= width of penetration reinforcement
D
Dc
= diameter of circular penetration

= overall depth of concrete slab
Ds
= overall depth of steel beam
d1
= clear depth between steel beam flanges ignoring fillets or welds
dc
= depth of the rectangular stress block in concrete slab
d ctH
= distance from top of steel flange to line of action of FctH
d ctL
= distance from top of steel flange to line of action of FctL
dh
= depth of compression zone in the cross-section measured from the top of the cross-section
dr
= distance from outside edge of steel flange to centroid of steel plate reinforcement
E
e
Fbf
= Youngs modulus of steel

= the vertical eccentricity of the web penetration with respect to the mid-height of the steel
cross-section (+ve when toward the concrete compression flange, see Fig. 6.1).
= capacity of steel beam bottom flange
Fbw
= capacity of steel web of bottom T-section
Fc
= compressive capacity of concrete flange (= Fc1 + Fc2 )
Fcc
Fc1
= compressive force in concrete flange corresponding to complete shear connection for the
cross-section without web penetration at strength limit state
= compressive capacity of concrete cover slab within slab effective width
Fc2
= compressive capacity of concrete between steel sheeting ribs within slab effective width
Fcc
FcH
FctH
FctL
= compressive force in concrete flange corresponding to complete shear connection for the
cross-section with web penetration at the strength limit state
=
force in concrete flange at HME
= calculated value of compressive force in concrete slab at the HME of the penetration at
strength limit state, considering the area of top steel T-section only (see Eq. 6.18)
= calculated value of compressive force in concrete slab at low moment end of the
penetration corresponding to FctH (see Eq. 6.20)
Fr
= capacity of steel plate reinforcement along one edge of penetration = fyr A r (f yw t w L ) / 2 3
Ftf
= axial capacity of top steel flange (= beff t f f yf )
Ftw
= axial capacity of top steel web

DB1.3
85

Fs
= tensile capacity of the steel cross-section with the web penetration
fc'
= 28-day characteristic compressive cylinder strength of concrete
fds
f vs
= design shear capacity of a shear connector in a set of nH connectors according to

AS 2327.1
= nominal shear capacity of a shear connector
fyf
= yield strength of flange in steel beam
fyi
= yield strength of components in steel beams, either, flange, web or steel plate
fyr
reinforcement
= yield strength of steel plate reinforcement
f yw
= yield strength of web in steel beam
G
= nominal dead load
G
= shear modulus of elasticity
Gsup = superimposed dead load
HME = high-moment end of penetration
= height of penetration
h0
hr
= height of the steel ribs of profiled steel sheeting
I0
= second moment of area of the gross cross-section including the web penetration
Ib
= second moment of area of the bottom T-section
It
= second moment of area of the top T-section
k
kB
= a shear coefficient for I-sections (=1.2)

= shear coefficient for bottom T-section (=1.2)
kn
= load-sharing factor for shear connectors
kT
= shear coefficient for top T-section (=1.2)
L
Lo
LME
M*
MH*
=
=
=
=
=
ML*
= design bending moment at the LME
M d*
*
M se
= differential design bending moment across the web penetration
span of the beam

length of web penetration
low-moment end of penetration
design bending moment at mid-length of web penetration
design bending moment at HME
= secondary moment induced by Vierendeel deformations across the web penetration (see
Fig. 3.2)
M b = nominal moment capacity at the HME of web penetration ignoring the effect of vertical
shear force
M b.0 , M b.5 and M bc = nominal moment capacity at the HME ignoring the effect of vertical shear
force, corresponding to = 0.0, 0.5 and 1.0, respectively
ne
= number of steel elements in a cross-section with a web penetration
nH
= number of shear connectors between end of beam adjacent to penetration, at HME
nL
= number of shear connectors between end of beam adjacent to penetration, at LME
nmax
Q
R
S
sb
=
=
=
=
=
st
= depth of top steel T-section
sb
= effective depth of bottom T-section, accounting for the movement in plastic neutral axis
when the penetration is reinforced (see Eq. 6.10)
number of 19 mm headed stud shear connectors required to develop the force Fcc
live load
stiffness ratio for deflection calculations (see Eq. 6.54)
clear spacing between multiple penetrations
depth of bottom T-section
DB1.386


st
tf
= effective depth of top steel T-section, accounting for the movement in plastic neutral axis
when the penetration is reinforced (see Eq. 6.15)
= thickness of steel flange
tr
= thickness of steel plate reinforcement
tw
*
= thickness of steel web
V
Vu
= design vertical shear force at mid-length of web penetration

= nominal shear capacity of the beam cross-section at the strength limit state
Vt*
= design vertical shear force carried by the top T-section
Vpb
= nominal shear capacity of steel web of the bottom T-section ignoring the effects of bending
Vpt
= nominal shear capacity of steel web of top T-section ignoring the effects of bending
Vb
= nominal shear capacity of bottom T-section including the effects of secondary moments
Vc
= contribution of concrete flange to shear capacity
Vt
= nominal shear capacity of top T-section including the effects of secondary moments
Vu
= nominal vertical shear capacity of a beam cross-section without a penetration
Vu
= nominal shear capacity of a beam cross-section with a penetration
Vu.0 , Vu.5 and Vuc = nominal shear capacity of composite beam cross-section at the penetration,
W
x
calculated ignoring the effects of primary bending moments, corresponding to = 0.0, 0.5
and 1.0, respectively
= design load
= distance to a beam cross-section from support
max = maximum degree of shear connection that can be achieved at cross-sections within the
length of a penetration, i.e. =
Fcc
Fcc
= degree of shear connection calculated using Fcc , e.g. = FcH / Fcc at HME
= additional deflection in the beam due to bending deformation at the web penetration
b ( x ) = value of b at a point on the beam distance x from support

g
= deflection of the beam calculated ignoring the effects of the penetration
g ( x ) = value of g at a point on the beam distance x from support

's
= additional shear deflection ignoring geometric continuity (see Eq. 6.64)
= total deflection (see Eq. 6.51)
t ( x ) = total deflection at a point on the beam distance x from support (see Eq. 6.51)
v
= additional shear deflection due to a web penetration
v (x ) =
=
=
b , t
value of v at a point on the beam distance x from support

capacity factor relevant to a strength limit state
factor accounting for angle between sheeting ribs and steel beam - see Fig. 5.2.2.2(b)
= dimensionless ratio relating secondary bending moment contributions of concrete and
web penetration reinforcement to the product of the plastic shear capacity and depth of the
steel T-section (see Eqs 6.6 and 6.12, respectively)
= acute angle between the steel ribs of a composite slab and longitudinal axis of steel beam
H , L = rotations due to bending deformation at the HME and LME of penetration, respectively
H' , L' = rotations due to shear deformation at the HME and LME of penetration, respectively
b , t = aspect ratio L 0 / s b and L0 / s t for bottom and top T-sections, respectively

DB1.3
87

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Design of Simply-Supported

Composite Beams with

Design Booklet DB1.3

OneSteel Market Mills

Composite Structures Design Manual

OneSteel Market Mills

OneSteel Manufacturing Pty Limited

Centre for Construction Technology & Research

Dr. Mark Patrick *

Dr. Cameron Chick *

Edition 1.0 - April 1999

Edition 2.0 - February 2001

Simply-Supported Composite Beams

OneSteel Market Mills

Simply-Supported Composite Beams

Edition 2.0 - February 2001

OneSteel Market Mills

SCOPE AND GENERAL

AIDS FOR STRENGTH DESIGN

Nominal Moment Capacity - Composite Beam ...................................... 40

Simply-Supported Composite Beams

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Simply-Supported Composite Beams

Edition 2.0 - February 2001

OneSteel Market Mills

1. SCOPE AND GENERAL

(a) Circular unreinforced

(c) Circular reinforced

(b) Rectangular unreinforced

(d) Rectangular reinforced

Figure 1.1 Acceptable Types of Web Penetrations

Simply-Supported Composite Beams

Edition 2.0 - February 2001

OneSteel Market Mills

derived by placing DECKMESH [12] in the region of a penetration [13]. Accordingly, it is

Simply-Supported Composite Beams

OneSteel Market Mills

Simply-Supported Composite Beams

Edition 2.0 - February 2001

OneSteel Market Mills

Figure 3.1 Behaviour at Ultimate Load

Simply-Supported Composite Beams

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(a) Primary bending moments on beam at web penetration

(b) Secondary bending moments on T-Sections

Simply-Supported Composite Beams

Edition 2.0 - February 2001

OneSteel Market Mills

Simply-Supported Composite Beams

OneSteel Market Mills

It should be noted that a different moment-shear interaction relationship, defined by a continuous

Simply-Supported Composite Beams

Edition 2.0 - February 2001

OneSteel Market Mills

(a) Horizontal reinforcement welded to web

(b) Horizontal and vertical reinforcement welded to web

(c) Penetration edge reinforced with flats

(d) T-Sections strengthened

(e) Diagonal reinforcement

Simply-Supported Composite Beams

OneSteel Market Mills

Strength Design Model