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Toyota management mission is to exploit the whole aspect and related business
industries related to automobile industry in order to enhance its market
sustainability. Diversified industries involvement is producing the Toyota group
economic and non-economic benefit that is why company selects to conduct business
in more than only automobile.
On the other hand Ford Motors more than hundred years old company, that has
about 0.2 million employees, 90 manufacturing plants working across six continents
founded by Henry Ford (Ford Motors, 2009), Ford Motors manufactures and
delivers automobile and financial services. Ford achieved its major objectives like
cost reduction actions over the previous four years to substantially rebuild its
business. This includes personnel levels, the solution for the settlement of the United
Auto Workers retiree health care Voluntary Employee Beneficiary Association
Contact. Ford also obtained capital and liquidity ahead in the financial market crises,
which helped the Ford to maintain its investments in new products during a difficult
economic period.
MARKET POSITIONING
Craven et al (2009) discuss that it is necessary that companies should consider the
customer's needs and wants from customer's point of view rather to apply its own
perception on customers. (Cravens & Piercy, 2009). Toyota successful market
strategy takes into account the customer perceptions in the local geographical
sections and provide services them accordingly. Toyota consider the income group,
business customer and consumers while emulating its campaigns. Company provides
differentiation strategy in its innovative models to satisfy customers. Company is
continuously plan and implement that how to reduce the prices to make its product
affordable to customers (Toyota Automobile Corporations, 2010).
Substitutes of Toyota
Toyota is careful for the threats of substitute products due to continuously increase
in fuel costs. Manufacturers of electric cars discuss that electric cars would serve the
same level of engine power as is executing by the diesel cars. Therefore, Toyota is
making its struggle to manufacture the hybrid cars that will switch from petrol or
diesel to electric power in 2015 (Business Car magazine , 2010)
TOYOTA
FORDGeographical Dispersion
Differentiation Strategy
Automakers size is determined on geographical dispersion and its differentiation
strategy at global level. BMW competes based on luxury models whereas Toyota
competes by considering both strategies having enlarged rectangle on both side. On
the other hand Ford struggle mainly on differentiation and less on cost whereas
Honda competes on smaller proportion of both. Ford stress on the development and
wide availability of vehicle that provide the buyers the best opportunity to choose the
brand that is fuel economy in each market.
In North America, Ford has gained immense market share because of the following
specification:
Light-vehicle
High quality
Fuel -efficient cars
Convenience and safety
Ford model like Ford Fusion, Fusion Hybrid, Lincoln MKZ, Mercury Milan and
Milan Hybrid that are introduced in 2009 attracted the great market . The only
reason was that fuel economy, 1-4 and v-6 engines compared to other previous
models.
In Europe and Asia, Ford's new global small car, Fiesta brought latest Power Shiftspeed automatic transmission using two internal clutches and six suitable-spaced
gears to remain the 1.6 liter 1-4 engine in its most excellent operating range. In
Europe, Ford marketed high performance Focus RS. This was new to C-Max and
Grand C-Max family vehicles. On the other side Figs was revealed in India to bring a
new class of buyers into the Ford brand. By considering the Ford brand it has
maximum sales chart for middle class society.
FINANCIAL STRATEGY
By following table it is easy to understand that that Toyota has its revenues more
than Ford Motors Co. Financial strategy of Toyota Motors Corp. is to Total quality
management event it has to face little gross margin. On the other hand Ford Motors
has inverse situation.
Market Cap
Revenue
Gross Margin
EBITDA
Net Income
General Motors Company
47.87B
135.59B
12.79%
12.42B
4.67B
Toyota Motor Corp.
121.92B
237.78B
13.03%
21.38B
6.00B
business operations but guaranteed its survival. Afterwards, Ford had to face heavy
losses gave rise by banking industry crisis.
Ford strongly condemned the American participation in World War II; he declined
its support to government agencies but changed it view in the influence of public
opinion. During war, company's main objective was to construct 'Willow Run Aircraft
Plant', which proved the largest manufacturing capacity in world. Death of Edsel
Ford, deprived the company from great leadership, Henry II meted the deficiency of
his predecessor and brought back the company towards the path of success through
his commitment, enthusiasm, and innovative ideas, Ford faced tough challenges in
past which strengthened the base to encounter the future tests of modern era
(Funding, 2011).
VRIO Analysis:
VRIO analysis is a systematic approach to analyze that whether Organization is
exploring its resources for competitive strength that are valuable, rare, and imitable.
Valuable:
The Ford's resources including its cost management policy, which enables it lowering
down the costs, F-series differentiation products, allow it to charge prices higher
than competitors, its human empower it towards market penetration are the valuable
ones.
Rare Matters
Differentiation policy of Ford is rare that competitor cannot produce or replicate. It
is valuable resource that is unavailable to competitor thus is rare.
Copy Matters
Ford competitive factors should be long lasting that competitor cannot copy. Robust
brand perception establishment and expensive resources required to sustain imitable
competitive edge.
Organization:
This implies that Ford should be able to exploit its Valuable, Rare, and Imitable to
sustain competitive edge, which may require reorganization of business operations.
Configuration of Resources:
Uniqueness of resources is not the ultimatum but configuration of resources also
does matter. The configuration and utilization of resources amounts to competitive
strengths as described below.
primary and four support activities , primary activities are explained with respect to
Ford as below.
Inbound Logistics is the Ford's raw material acquisition for automobile parts, other
related services from suppliers and delivering to operations centre.
Operations are the finished cars manufacturing, producing services; production may
consist of series of steps, it also includes make or buy decisions of automobile parts.
Inbound Logistics covers order execution, finished car warehousing; delivering cars
to customers, delivery may be self-served or outsourced.
Marketing accommodates market analysis, market research, and development,
pricing plans.
Services is the after sale services.
Following are support activities, which assist the primary activities.
Ford's Infrastructure includes general administration, accounting department,
planning and control, and other facilities.
Human Resource Department of Ford includes recruitment, labour union relation,
development and training, and pay rates.
Technology development is the primary activity among Ford's operations like design
engineering technology, manufacturing processes technology, innovative models of
F-series.
Procurement functions also include in primary activities. These include raw material
and parts purchasing functions, office equipment and others.
Value chain analysis of Ford supports the just in time manufacturing to reduce the
inventory cost and update itself according to changing needs.
It helps in deciding whether to buy or make a part of automobiles, which one is
better.
Resource audit is conducted in connection with value chain analysis. To sustain
competitive advantage, Ford has to make effective utilization of operational, human,
financial and organizational resources. Resource audit is made of following Ford's
resources:
Investment level
Utilization of resources
Effectiveness and efficiency of operations
Raw material, finished goods inventory level
Cost minimization
Quality of services
Market research and development
Technology updating
CONCLUSION
In fiscal year 2010, Toyota has to face very tuff business conditions like that company
initially forecast operating losses. But Toyota achieved profitability on a consolidated
basis. Toyota is making very hard struggle to quickly achieve their trusts on
customers. Toyota is ensuring a system that will boost up awareness and facilities to
the customers. Toyota Motors emphasize on Geographical dispersion .
Ford Motors expects 70 percent growth in the following next 10 years to introduce
itself in Asia Pacific and Africa region. These regions includes markets on three
continents that includes Australia , China, South Africa, India and Thailand. The
volume of sales in the region increased from 24.5 million units in the year 2009 and
further 30.7 million units in 2010. In India and in the rest of the world Ford Motors
is simplifying the way the work with suppliers by minimizing complexity and
widening parts easily available. In 2014 the minimum 80 percent of the vehicles sold
under the Ford Brand internationally. Ford is expecting 70 percent of its growth in
the next 10 years to come from its Asian regions.