Grounding Calculation

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ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
GROUNDING CALCULATION
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APGREID SUBSTATION PROJECT
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
REV.
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APPROVAL
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REVISION TABLE
PAGES
PAGES
B C D E
REMARKS
ATT
ATTACHMENTS
EXHIBIT
PAGES
REVISIONS
REVISIONS
A
REMARKS
B C D E
REVISIONS
REMARKS
A
B C D E
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1. GENERAL......................................................................................................................... 4
2. REFERENCES..................................................................................................................4
3. ABBREVIATION................................................................................................................4
4. SCOPE.............................................................................................................................. 5
4.1 Electrical system neutral grounding..........................................................................5
4.2 Electrical safety grounding........................................................................................5
4.3 Electrostatic grounding.............................................................................................5
5. GROUNDING CALCULATION PARAMETER...................................................................5
5.1 Soil resistivity............................................................................................................ 5
5.2 Grounding conductor................................................................................................5
5.3 Grounding electrode.................................................................................................6
5.4 Tolerable step and touch voltage..............................................................................7
6. GROUNDING CALCULATION ANALYSIS RESULT..........................................................7
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1. GENERAL
The purpose of this document is to give guidance on the design of the grounding and
lightning protection system. The grounding system is provided for the safety of
personnel, equipment and the proper operation of the plant. The project specifications
and the applicable international standards are listed
This calculation will be revised whenever necessary to cope up with the changes on the
system components that may be caused by further engineering.
2. REFERENCES
The grounding and lightning protection system shall be design in accordance with the
applicable sections of the following standards and codes:
IEEE 142
IEEE Recommended Practice for Grounding of Industrial

and Commercial Power Systems
IEEE 80-2000
Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding
NFPA 70
National Electrical Code
NFPA 780
Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection System

Soil Investigation Report
3. ABBREVIATION
kVA
MVA
PF
LF
ACSR
GCB
HV
LV
LVSB
MDB
SDB
DB
Es
E
Kilo Volt Ampere

Mega Volt Ampere
Power Factor
Load Factor
Aluminum conductors steel reinforced
Generator Circuit Breaker
High Voltage
Low Voltage
Low Voltage Switch Board
Main Distribution Board
Sub Distribution Board
Distribution Board
Essential
Emergency
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4. SCOPE
This document includes the following systems:
4.1 Electrical system neutral grounding

The electrical ground system in medium voltage (>1000V) distribution system shall be
done by either isolation of transformer star point or by grounding the transformer star
point via a resistor.
The electrical ground system in low voltage (<1000V) distribution system shall be
established by direct grounding of the neutral conductor or transformer star point.
4.2 Electrical safety grounding

The safety grounding resistance shall not exceed 1 ohm.
4.3 Electrostatic grounding

To avoid hazardous operating condition because of static charge in the equipment, an
electrostatic grounding is foreseen.
The sources of static charging source in the plant include equipment with a surface
made of metal, steel structures, pipe racks, metal plate and etc. Each of those
equipments will be connected into plant main grounding system.
5. GROUNDING CALCULATION PARAMETER

5.1 Soil resistivity
Table below taken from soil investigation report on attachment 4:
Soil material
Resistivity
(ohm.m)
Depth
(Feet)
Crush rock surface
2500
0.328
Soil
17.28
3.28
Soil
48.55
9.84
Soil
32.9
16.4
Soil
26.67
22.96
Location
Switchyard
Area
5.2 Grounding conductor

Grounding conductor to be used in this project is copper with the size 4/0 AWG lying at
the soil depth 1.64 feet. The conductor grid configuration refers to the drawing Layout
Grounding Line KETIGUL on attachment 1. ETAP drawing model 2D and 3D for the grid
configuration described on attachment 2.
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5.3 Grounding electrode

The grounding electrode to be used in this project is as shown below..
Length
= 9.84 feet
Diameter
= 3 /4 inch
Total resistance of the grounding grid calculated in accordance with IEEE 80-2000
calculated as follows:
a)
IEEE 80-2000 Equation No. 53
Rg
R1 R 2 R m2
R1 R 2 2 R m
b) IEEE 80-2000 Equation No. 54
R1
LC
2 LC k1 LC
k2

ln
A
a'
c) IEEE 80-2000 Equation No. 55
R2
2 nR L R
2 k1 LR
4 LR
1
ln
A
b
nR 1
d) IEEE 80-2000 Equation No. 56
Rm
2 LC
ln
LC LR
k 2 1
A
k1 LC
Where:
Rg
= total system resistance ()
R1
= ground resistance of grid conductors ()
R2
= ground resistance of all ground rods ()
Rm
= mutual ground resistance between the group of grid conductors, R1,

and group of ground rods, R2 ()
= soil resistivity (.m)
LC
= total length of all connected grid conductors (m)
2a
= diameter of conductor (m)
= area covered by conductors (m2)
k1
= coefficient, taken from IEEE 80 Figure 25 (a)
k2
= coefficient, taken from IEEE 80 Figure 25 (b)
LR
= length of each rod (m)
a 2h for conductors buried at depth h (m)
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2b
= diameter of rod (m)
nR
= number of rods placed in area A
L AREA
= length area covered by conductor (m)
WAREA
= width area covered by conductor (m)
hC
= depth of ground conductor (m)
5.4 Tolerable step and touch voltage

Tolerable step and touch voltage for standard 70 kg weight person (used for this
analysis) is calculated as follows :
E step 70 (1000 6C s s )
0.157
E touch 70 (1000 1.5C s s )
ts
0.157
ts
Where,
Cs
Surface layer derating factor
Surface layer resistivity crushed rock, 2500 Ohm.m
Ts
Duration of shock for determining allowable body current. Table

10 IEEE 80 2000, 0.5 s
Cs calculated based on formula
0.09 1
s
Cs 1
2hs 0.09
Where
Soil resistivity Ohm.m
Hs
Surface layer thickness in meter
6. GROUNDING CALCULATION ANALYSIS RESULT

Grounding calculation is carried out by using computer program ETAP Power Station
7.0.0 from Operation Technology, Inc. which is follows to the IEEE 80-2000 standards.
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Below is summary for the grounding calculation report, while complete ETAP calculation
shown on attachment-3
Grounding calculation
Area
Grounding
rod quantity
Total
resistance
Value
Touch
Potential
Tolerable
touch
potential
Step
Potential
Tolerable
step
potential
Switchyard
720
0.64 ohm
584.5
595.9
1090.2
1891.5
Note: Above calculation used L-G short circuit data maximum 13 kA, X/R=8.5%
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ATTACHMENT 1
GROUNDING LAYOUT PLAN
Status: IFR
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ATTACHMENT 2
ETAP 2D AND 3D MODEL
Status: IFR
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ATTACHMENT 3
GROUNDING CALCULATION REPORT
Status: IFR
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SOIL INVESTIGATION REPORT:

SOIL RESISTIVITY
Project
: Ketigul Substation
Client
: PT.Chevron Pacific Indonesia
Subject
: Soil Resistivity Based on Soil Analysis
Date
: 4 Februari 2010 /Rev.01
Data from soil analysis :

No
Sampl
e ID
Fac Loc,Fac Name,Fac Unit, Sapml

Pt /
UWI,Well Nm/Proc#,Prod
Nm,Sample Nm
Unit
CPI Specification
Method
1
001-01 KETIGUL,POWER
HOLE 03
2
HOLE 03
3
HOLE 03
4
HOLE 03
5
HOLE 04
6
HOLE 04
7
HOLE 04
8
HOLE 04
Time
Conductivity
pH
Umho/cm
PLANT,BORE :
SM2510B
529
SM 4500 H+
3,94
PLANT,BORE :
206
4,52
PLANT,BORE :
304
5,31
PLANT,BORE :
375
5,72
PLANT,BORE :
30,9
4,23
PLANT,BORE :
215
4,91
PLANT,BORE :
82,7
5,65
PLANT,BORE :
n/a
5,89
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Resistivity based on soil investigation :

No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Description
BORE HOLE,03
BORE HOLE,03
BORE HOLE,03
BORE HOLE,03
BORE HOLE,04
BORE HOLE,04
BORE HOLE,04
BORE HOLE,04
Depth
Conductivity
(m)
1
3
5
7
1
3
5
7
(mhosicrn)
529
206
304
375
30,9
215
82,7
n/a
Resistivity (.m)
17,28
48,55
32,9
26,67
323,63
46,52
120,92
n/a
Note ; Base on the Bangko Substation soil investigation
Sice data for bore hole 04 are not complete,data from bore hole 03 will be used in
this calculation.
Document Number
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
Document Type: CAL
System / Subsystem:
Revision: 0A
Discipline: ELE
Project
: Ketigul Substation
Client
: PT.Chevron Pacific Indonesia
Subject
: Soil Resistivity Based on Soil Analysis
Date
: 9 November 2009 /Rev.B
Status: IFR
Rev. Date:
Page: 14 of 8
BASED,IEEE STD 80-2000

Annex B
Step 1 Field Data
Symbol
s
3I0
A
Cs
d
D
Dm
Em
Es
Estep50
Lp
Estep70
Etouch50
Etouch70
h
hs
IG
Description
Soil resistivity, m
Surface layer resistivity Crushed rock, m
Symmetrical fault current in substation for
conductor sizing, A
Total area enclosed by ground grid,m2
Surface layer derating factor
Diameter of grid conductor,m
Spacing between parallel conductors,m
Maximum distance between any two points
on the grid ,m
Mesh voltage at the center of the corner mesh
for the simplited method , V
Step voltage between a point above the outer
corner of the grid and a point 1 m diagonally
outside the grid for the simpliled method ,V
Tolerable step voltage for human with 50 kg
body weight ,V
Square area ground
Tolerable step voltage for human with 70 kg
body weight ,V
Tolerable touch voltage for human with 50 kg
body weight, V
Tolerable touch voltage for human with 70 kg
body weight, V
Depth of ground grid conductors, m
Surface layers thickness,
Maximum grid current that flows between
ground grid and surrounding earth ( including
Remark
17,28 m/323,63 m
2500 m
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
7m
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
66m+77m+66m+77m
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
0.5 m
Crushed rock
Unknown
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dc offset),A
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Rev. Date:
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Status: IFR

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Document Number

APGREID SUBSTATION PROJECT

IEEE Recommended Practice for Grounding of Industrial

Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding

National Electrical Code

Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection System

Kilo Volt Ampere

4.1 Electrical system neutral grounding

4.2 Electrical safety grounding

4.3 Electrostatic grounding

5. GROUNDING CALCULATION PARAMETER

Crush rock surface

5.2 Grounding conductor

5.3 Grounding electrode

IEEE 80-2000 Equation No. 53

b) IEEE 80-2000 Equation No. 54

c) IEEE 80-2000 Equation No. 55

d) IEEE 80-2000 Equation No. 56

= total system resistance ()

= ground resistance of grid conductors ()

= ground resistance of all ground rods ()

= mutual ground resistance between the group of grid conductors, R1,

= soil resistivity (.m)

= total length of all connected grid conductors (m)

= diameter of conductor (m)

= area covered by conductors (m2)

= coefficient, taken from IEEE 80 Figure 25 (a)

= coefficient, taken from IEEE 80 Figure 25 (b)

= length of each rod (m)

a 2h for conductors buried at depth h (m)

= diameter of rod (m)

= number of rods placed in area A

= length area covered by conductor (m)

= width area covered by conductor (m)

= depth of ground conductor (m)

5.4 Tolerable step and touch voltage

E touch 70 (1000 1.5C s s )

Surface layer derating factor

Surface layer resistivity crushed rock, 2500 Ohm.m

Duration of shock for determining allowable body current. Table

Soil resistivity Ohm.m

Surface layer thickness in meter

6. GROUNDING CALCULATION ANALYSIS RESULT

SOIL INVESTIGATION REPORT:

: PT.Chevron Pacific Indonesia

: Soil Resistivity Based on Soil Analysis

: 4 Februari 2010 /Rev.01

Data from soil analysis :

Fac Loc,Fac Name,Fac Unit, Sapml

Resistivity based on soil investigation :

Note ; Base on the Bangko Substation soil investigation

: PT.Chevron Pacific Indonesia

: Soil Resistivity Based on Soil Analysis

: 9 November 2009 /Rev.B

BASED,IEEE STD 80-2000

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