Drainage Design Guidelines January 2013

Drainage Design Guidelines
Version 1.0
January 2013
G:\Infrastructure_Development\Administration\Policy\DrainageDesignGuidelines\2011DrainageDesignGuidelinesDraft_10052012.doc
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1
OBJECTIVE
PLANNING REQUIREMENT FOR NEW URBAN AREAS
DESIGN OF DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
4.
3.1 HYDROLOGIC DESIGN

3.1.1
Rainfall Data
3.1.2
Methods
3.1.3
Basis for Calculation
3.1.3.1
Catchment
3.1.3.2
Runoff Coefficients
3.1.3.3
Time of Concentration
3.1.3.4
Partial Area Effect
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3.2 PIPELINE DESIGN

3.2.1
Hydraulic Design
3.2.2
Design Criteria
3
3
4
3.3 PIT DESIGN

3.3.1
Hydraulic Design
3.3.2
Design Criteria
6
6
7
3.4 OVERLAND FLOWS ALONG ROADS / DRIVEWAYS

3.4.1
Hydraulic Design
3.4.2
Design Criteria
7
7
7
3.5 OVERLAND FLOWS IN FLOODWAYS / DRAINAGE RESERVES

3.5.1
Hydraulic Design
3.5.2
Design Criteria
8
8
8
3.6 RURAL DRAINAGE DESIGN

3.6.1
Neighborhood Character
3.6.2
Open Drains
3.6.3
Inlet/Outlet Structures
8
8
9
9
DRAWING PRESENTATION
4.1
INFORMATION TO BE PROVIDED ON DRAWINGS
9
9
Objective
The objective of the Shire of Nillumbik Drainage Design Guidelines is to

provide for the efficient, environmentally sensitive and cost effective control of
stormwater runoff and to ensure that a high level of safety and amenity for the
public is achieved at all times.
Planning requirement for new urban areas
Urban drainage systems within the Shire of Nillumbik must satisfy the
requirements for both the Major / Minor flood predictions.
The Minor System consists of gutter and pipe networks and is typically
designed to pass frequent storm flows (10 year ARI). The Major System
consists of overland routes such as roads, drainage reserves, parklands etc.,
to pass infrequent storm flows (e.g. 100 year ARI).
For the design of the Major System, a blockage factor of 50% to the Minor
System inlet inflows must be adopted, the pipelines must be assumed as
clear.
It can be expected that during major storm events there will be floodwaters
flowing along streets, drainage reserves and through public open spaces
within new subdivisions. T therefore it is essential that during the initial
planning stage the following items are considered to determine the most
effective use of available land.
Identification of overland flow paths.
Planning for roads, public open space or drainage reserves along

overland flow paths.
Consideration of public safety where flooding will impinge upon areas by

the public.
Investigate alternative escape routes for situations involving, low points

in road, downhill court bowls etc. that could cause flooding to private
property.
The control of development within drainage reserves that may cause

obstruction to the drainage path of the major storm event (e.g. fences).
This concept also applies to existing urban areas for development of infill
subdivisions and site redevelopments which must take into consideration the
passage of overland flows for major storm events. This may require
developments to be kept clear of overland flow paths, the setting of floor
levels above predicted flood levels, the upgrading of existing drains, the
provision of drainage easements or reserves for overland flow paths, or other
methods that may be required to ensure the passage of major flood events.
Design of drainage systems
3.1 Hydrologic Design

The Australian Rainfall and Runoff (AR&R) 2001 (or subsequent updates) is
to be used as the source for Hydrological Design and base parameters.
However this information should be used in conjunction with any other local
information that is confirmable, such as flood levels for known storm events
and observed flow paths of major flood events.
It is the designers responsibility to ensure that all calculations are complete
and correct and are based on appropriate assumptions.
3.1.1
Rainfall Data
Designs are to be based on the rainfall intensity diagram appropriate for

the area. The relative rainfall intensity diagram and tables for the Shire
of Nillumbik are attached in Appendix - A (pages 11 to 17).
3.1.2
Methods
The Rational Method must be used as the basis for determining the
peak flow rates for the determination of sizes of inlets, pipes and
culverts, and overland flow calculations.
It is the designers
responsibility to use the most appropriate method for the situation under
investigation.
3.1.3
Basis for Calculation

3.1.3.1
Catchment
The boundaries of the catchment may be determined from

contour maps or aerial photographs and/or field inspection. The
determination of sub-area catchment boundaries within urban
subdivisions requires accurate contour information and a
Catchment Plan must be included with the drainage
calculations. Where available, plans showing existing drainage
networks will be made available by Council.
Where the contributing catchment includes existing subdivided
areas, the location of existing drainage works needs to be
determined and the catchment associated with the drainage
network determined.
The design must take into account realistic future road patterns
where the contributing catchment includes areas subject to
future development.
3.1.3.2
Runoff Coefficients
The coefficient of runoff to be used must be determined based

upon the fraction of impervious surface within the contributing
catchment, and the design recurrence of the storm considered
as shown in Appendix-A.
2
3.1.3.3
Time of Concentration
The designer must determine the time of concentration for any

sub-catchment by summation of times of travel for overland flow,
flow in channels, flow in gutters and pipe flow. The Kinematic
Wave Equation may be used to determine the time of overland
flow, and as an aid to the designer information has been
compiled from the Rainfall data for the Shire of Nillumbik and
presented in Appendix-A.
3.1.3.4
Partial Area Effect
The designer is responsible for ensuring that possible Partial

Area Effects are taken into account when calculating peak flows
using the Rational Method.
3.2 Pipeline Design
3.2.1 Hydraulic Design
A full Hydraulic Grade Line (HGL) analysis is required for all designs,
and must be carried out by starting at the outfall structure at the lower
end of the pipe network, and must proceed upwards through each
consecutive pipe run to the most remote structure of pipe network.
In the situation where the outfall is into the existing pipe network, the
tailwater level must be taken as 150mm below, either the channel
invert for SEP or underside pit lid for JP, unless more accurate
information is available. Council may require the analysis to continue
downstream to confirm the hydraulic assumptions.
Where possible the designer must endeavor to:
Minimise the effect of head losses within the drainage system.
Achieve maximum capacity possible for a given pipe size

subject to the economic constraints.
Minimise the risk of sudden overflows from the pipe system.
The methods that can be used to accomplish this are:
Avoid abrupt changes of pipe alignment. Maximum change in

alignment of 90 degrees must be achieved.
Where changes of direction is unavoidable the use of splayed

pipes is the preferred method for achieving a direction change
(applies to pipes over 600mm diameter).
Minimise drops through pits.

3
Where drops through pits are unavoidable the length of pits

should be increased to avoid flow impacting the opposite pit
wall.
3.2.2 Design Criteria

All Council pipelines must be designed for an ARI of 10 years unless
otherwise advised.
Floodpaths are to be designed based on 100 year ARI. The rainfall
intensity diagram and table to be used are attached in Appendix-A
(pages 11 to 17).
The design must take into account contributing catchments of

areas subject to future development.
Where pipelines are located within private property and carry

runoff other than that contributing by residential properties, the
pipeline must be designed for an ARI of 10 years.
All pipes must conform to Councils Standard Specifications and

relevant Australian Standards in relation to construction,
bedding, cover, splay pipes, etc.
Velocities in pipes must not be less than 0.6 m/s and not greater
than 6.0 m/s when the pipe is flowing greater than half full.
Drainage lines within road reserves are to be a minimum of

300mm diameter pipe where under a road pavement and
225mm drain longitudinal to the road.
All pipes draining road runoff must be a minimum 300mm

diameter.
All pipes are to be class 2 type as a minimum and class 3 and 4

to be used where structurally required. (Refer to AS 3725 Loads on Buried Concrete Pipes).
Easement drains must be a minimum 225mm diameter.
Junction pits must have a minimum internal dimension of 600 x

600mm.
All pipelines less than or equal to 450mm diameter must be

Rubber Ring Jointed (RRJ) or equivalent.
Anchor blocks are to be used where the pipe grade is steeper

than 1 in 10. Refer to Councils standard drawing or NS1120.
4
Curved pipelines must be used for pipelines greater than or

equal to 600mm diameter where the angle of deflection is
greater than 10 degrees. Curved pipes of diameter less than
600mm, and on large radius curves, may be used subject to
Council approval and compliance with manufacturers
specifications.
The design HGL must be at least 150mm below the kerb invert
for drains within road reserves or 75mm below the underside of
pit lids for drains within easements or reserves.
If a final discharge is into an unlined open channel, the velocity

of discharge should be kept below 1.5 m/s to minimise scour at
the outlet site. An energy dissipation structure must be provided
at the outlet.
All connections to open waterways must be angled downstream

and drops must not exceed 300mm from pipe invert to the
normal receiving tailwater. Consent from the Responsible
Authority must be obtained prior to works commencing on-site.
Spacing between pits must not exceed 90 metres.
The minimum cover to pipes must be 450mm for pipes with

easements, and 900mm below top of kerb for pipes within road
reserves.
Reduction in flow velocity should be avoided where possible to

prevent siltation of drains and drops should be provided through
pits to generate the additional velocity required. Minimum drop
through pits of 50mm.
All stormwater connections from properties are to be connected

directly into the underground drainage system.
Localised fill does not contribute to pipe cover.
Newly created allotments must be protected from overland flow

of undeveloped upstream blocks to the satisfaction of the
Responsible Authority. All stormwater collected in cutoff drains
must be directed to the underground drainage system. Silt
barriers must be provided while vegetation establishes within the
cutoff drain.
Downstream pipe sizes must be equivalent or greater in

diameter than any contributing upstream pipe unless approved
by Council.
5
3.3 Pit Design

3.3.1
Hydraulic Design
It is essential that the inlet structures are designed to capture flows for
the design storm event for which the pipe system is designed to cater
for, otherwise flooding will occur regardless of the pipe system.
Inlets to the Drainage System can be either pipe connections, headwalls
at the upstream end of pipelines, or by entry pits (e.g. Side Entry Pits SEPs). All these alternatives are provided for as per Council Standard
Drawings.
SEPs must be provided at low points in streets, at the tangent points of
kerb returns, and spaced along the street to limit the length of gutter flow
to acceptable length for the design storm event. The hydraulic criteria
for design of SEPs in these cases varies and must be investigated
separately.
SEPs at Low Points
Inlets act as orifices at low points where water ponds.
A certain amount of head is required to achieve maximum flow

capture, and it is necessary to investigate safety requirements
and the level of flood waters in relation to footpath/properties
boundaries when considering this option.
To increase the water intake into the pits at low points, double or
more pits are required.
Grates in the gutter invert, where approved, can be used to

increase the inlet capacity, but also need to be safe for cyclists.
SEPs on Grade
The spacing of pits must be such that full capture of flow is

achieved for the design storm event.
All pits back of kerb must be side entry pits unless on the high
side of the road.
Pits must be used at changes in direction and grades of pipes

and at the start and end of curved pipes.
Pits must be used to manage excessively deep pipes.
Where the standard (Council) Pit is insufficient to capture the

flow then it may be necessary to:
i)
reduce the spacing; or

6
ii)
3.3.2
provide multiple pits (i.e. double or triple).
Design Criteria
All pits located back of kerb must be side entry pits.

Pits must be used for all changes of direction for pipes and at start and
end of curved pipelines.
Side Entry Pits must generally be located at the tangent points of all
kerb returns, at all low points of road alignment, and spaced not more
than 90 metres.
Pits located at the low points of road alignments must be designed to
capture design flow assuming a 50% blockage.
Head loss factors for pits must be in accordance as per FIG 7.4.13 and
FIG 7.4.14 of Vic Roads Road Design Guidelines Part 7-Drainage.
Refer appendix-A, pages 11-17.
3.4 Overland Flows Along Roads / Driveways
3.4.1
Hydraulic Design
The Drainage Strategy will permit overland flows along roads for major
storm events (e.g. 100 year ARI); however it is the designers
responsibility to ensure that such flows will not put at risk the safety of
pedestrians, the disabled, cyclists or vehicles using the road.
The limits in AR&R 1987 (for safety) is for the product of depth and
velocity of flow to be less than 0.4m2/s.
For new subdivisions or where redevelopment causes the re-direction of
major flood waters, the designer must fully comply with the current
safety criteria.
All submissions must include full details of the magnitude, velocities,
and predicted flood levels of overland flows which are likely to occur in a
100 year ARI storm, and what provisions are to be made to safely pass
the flood waters within the catchment under consideration.
3.4.2
Design Criteria
The design storm event must be for an ARI of 100 years.

The underground drainage system inlets must be considered as 50%
blocked for this event (i.e.: blockage is on the inlet not the receiving
pipe).
For new subdivisions or where redevelopments intentionally re-direct
major flood flows along road reserves, then the designer must adopt the
current safety standards for suitability of design.
7
The minimum freeboard between the surface level at the boundaries of

private properties and the maximum flood level, based upon ARI of 100
years, must be 300mm.
Drains downstream of 1 in 100 year drains must also be designed to
carry the 1 in 100 year flow to an appropriate surcharge or discharge
point as approved by Council.
3.5 Overland Flows In Floodways / Drainage Reserves
3.5.1
Hydraulic Design
The main function of drainage reserves is for the passage and/or

storage of flood waters, however they can act as dual purposes (e.g.
grazing, pedestrian access etc.), and the secondary use should be
consistent with the predicted flood levels and flow velocities to be
expected during a major flood event.
Floodways therefore need to be designed for the possibility of two sets
of criteria, that of channel flow and those criteria associated with street
flooding.
3.5.2
Design Criteria
The design storm event must be for an ARI of 100 years.
The exit velocity of pipes discharging to floodways or drainage

reserves must be determined and the outlet structure designed
to suit.
The minimum freeboard between the surface level at the

boundaries of private properties and the maximum flood level,
based upon ARI of 100 years, must be 300mm or if not possible
use zero freeboard for 100 year ARI and adopt building floor
level as 300mm above 100 year ARI.
3.6 Rural Drainage Design

The construction standards for rural roads, where the majority properties are
more than 0.4 of a hectare, consist of the road being sealed with open table
drains. Drainage service to properties is not provided.
Sheet flow off the road pavement is encouraged where possible.
3.6.1
Neighborhood Character
To protect neighbourhood character, subdivisions must be designed to

accommodate road and drainage construction without the need to
remove native vegetation unless it is absolutely necessary or required
for safety reasons.
8
3.6.2
Open Drains
Open drains must be appropriately sized to convey the 1 in 10 year ARI

event (in most cases the 1 in 100 year ARI also) and designed to ensure
scouring does not occur.
The guidelines set in AR&R 2001 Section 1.6.4(v) and/or VicRoads
Road Design Guidelines Section 7.6.6.2 must be considered.
For steep grades Council may require the introduction of kerb and
channel and underground drainage or other methods of treatment to
properly manage scouring and the conveyance of stormwater.
3.6.3
Inlet/Outlet Structures
Pit inlets and pipe outlets must be appropriately treated to ensure

erosion does not occur.
4. Drawing Presentation
4.1 Information to be provided on Drawings
The following information must be provided on drawings. A sample drawing
of a longitudinal section and a pit schedule are shown in Appendix - B (pages
18-22).
Scale plot of HGL on longitudinal elevations of each pipe reach.
HGL levels to AHD.
Flow velocity.
Pipe capacities (running full and design flow).
Pipe diameter, class, and longitudinal grade.
Pipe invert level.
Chainage along centreline of pipe and at all pits.
Natural surface levels and levels of any existing underground services.
Finished surface levels.
Depth to invert below finished surface.
Pit numbers.
Pit schedule.
9
The Pit Schedule is to include:
Pit numbers - pits are to be numbered sequentially with the lowest

number at the outlet.
Size.
Type.
Inlet and outlet levels.
Finished top of pit level.
Depth of pit (to outlet).
Pit cover details.
10
APPENDIX A RAINFALL DATA

RAINFALL DURATION - INTENSITY RELATIONS
Rainfall intensity data at three locations within the Shire of Nillumbik were
examined. These locations were near Yarrambat, Kangaroo Ground and
Strathewen.
A comparison in the rainfall intensity values showed an insignificant difference
between these locations with intensity values at Strathewen proving to be
marginally higher. It was therefore decided that the rainfall intensities near
Strathewen be adopted and used throughout the Shire of Nillumbik.
11
DESIGN RAINFALL INTENSITY DIAGRAM

Location 37.550 S 145.275 E
Issued 4 January 2011
*near Strathewen
12
POLYNOMIAL COEFFICIENTS TABLE

Location 37.550 S 145.275 E - near Strathewen
loge(I) = A + B x (loge(T) + C x (loge(T))2 + D x (loge(T))3 + E x (loge(T))4 + F x (loge(T))5 + G x (loge(T))6
T = Time in hours and I = Intensity in millimeters per hour

ARI in
years
1
2
5
10
20
50
100
A
2.7395
3.0056
3.2700
3.4103
3.5728
3.7622
3.8930
B
-0.5674
-0.5733
-0.5899
-0.5989
-0.6068
-0.6157
-0.6220
C
-0.0068
-0.0084
-0.0095
-0.0112
-0.0121
-0.0128
-0.0136
D
0.00870
0.00832
0.00804
0.00778
0.00762
0.00713
0.00703
E
-0.002304
-0.001972
-0.001763
-0.001439
-0.001256
-0.001094
-0.000940
F
-0.0003520
-0.0002983
-0.0002163
-0.0001603
-0.0001248
-0.0000389
-0.0000081
G
0.0000836
0.0000634
0.0000458
0.0000264
0.0000152
-0.0000020
-0.0000118
INTENSITY-FREQUENCY-DURATION TABLE
Location 37.550 S 145.275 E Near Strathewen
Average Recurrence Interval
Duration
1 Year
2 years
5 years
10 years
20 years
50 years
100 years
5Mins
51.4
68
91.7
107
129
158
183
6Mins
48.1
63.6
85.7
100
120
148
171
10Mins
39.2
51.7
69.2
80.8
96.3
118
136
20Mins
28.2
37
49.1
57
67.6
82.4
94.6
30Mins
22.8
29.8
39.3
45.5
53.8
65.4
74.8
1Hr
15.5
20.2
26.3
30.3
35.6
43
49.1
2Hrs
10.4
13.6
17.4
19.9
23.3
28
31.7
3Hrs
8.29
10.7
13.7
15.6
18.2
21.7
24.6
6Hrs
5.6
7.21
9.1
10.3
11.9
14.1
15.9
12Hrs
3.74
4.8
6.74
7.78
9.18
10.3
24Hrs
2.42
3.11
3.88
4.36
5.02
5.92
6.64
48Hrs
1.5
1.92
2.41
2.72
3.14
3.72
4.18
72Hrs
1.11
1.42
1.79
2.02
2.33
2.77
3.11
13
FLOOD ESTIMATION
RAINFALL DURATION INTENSITY RELATIONS
(For up to 3 Days Duration)
14
FLOOD ESTIMATION
RAINFALL DURATION INTENSITY RELATIONS
(For up to 60 Minutes Duration)
15
16
17
APPENDIX B Hydraulic losses
18
19
20
21
22

Drainage Design Guidelines January 2013

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Drainage Design Guidelines January 2013

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Drainage Design Guidelines

PLANNING REQUIREMENT FOR NEW URBAN AREAS

DESIGN OF DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

3.1 HYDROLOGIC DESIGN

3.2 PIPELINE DESIGN

3.3 PIT DESIGN

3.4 OVERLAND FLOWS ALONG ROADS / DRIVEWAYS

3.5 OVERLAND FLOWS IN FLOODWAYS / DRAINAGE RESERVES

3.6 RURAL DRAINAGE DESIGN

INFORMATION TO BE PROVIDED ON DRAWINGS

The objective of the Shire of Nillumbik Drainage Design Guidelines is to

Planning requirement for new urban areas

Identification of overland flow paths.

Planning for roads, public open space or drainage reserves along

Consideration of public safety where flooding will impinge upon areas by

Investigate alternative escape routes for situations involving, low points

The control of development within drainage reserves that may cause

Design of drainage systems

3.1 Hydrologic Design

Designs are to be based on the rainfall intensity diagram appropriate for

Basis for Calculation

The boundaries of the catchment may be determined from

The coefficient of runoff to be used must be determined based

The designer must determine the time of concentration for any

Partial Area Effect

The designer is responsible for ensuring that possible Partial

Minimise the effect of head losses within the drainage system.

Achieve maximum capacity possible for a given pipe size

Minimise the risk of sudden overflows from the pipe system.

The methods that can be used to accomplish this are:

Avoid abrupt changes of pipe alignment. Maximum change in

Where changes of direction is unavoidable the use of splayed

Minimise drops through pits.

Where drops through pits are unavoidable the length of pits

3.2.2 Design Criteria

The design must take into account contributing catchments of

Where pipelines are located within private property and carry

All pipes must conform to Councils Standard Specifications and

Drainage lines within road reserves are to be a minimum of

All pipes draining road runoff must be a minimum 300mm

All pipes are to be class 2 type as a minimum and class 3 and 4

Easement drains must be a minimum 225mm diameter.

Junction pits must have a minimum internal dimension of 600 x

All pipelines less than or equal to 450mm diameter must be

Anchor blocks are to be used where the pipe grade is steeper

Curved pipelines must be used for pipelines greater than or

If a final discharge is into an unlined open channel, the velocity

All connections to open waterways must be angled downstream

Spacing between pits must not exceed 90 metres.

The minimum cover to pipes must be 450mm for pipes with

Reduction in flow velocity should be avoided where possible to

All stormwater connections from properties are to be connected

Localised fill does not contribute to pipe cover.

Newly created allotments must be protected from overland flow

Downstream pipe sizes must be equivalent or greater in

3.3 Pit Design

Inlets act as orifices at low points where water ponds.

A certain amount of head is required to achieve maximum flow

Grates in the gutter invert, where approved, can be used to

The spacing of pits must be such that full capture of flow is

Pits must be used at changes in direction and grades of pipes

Pits must be used to manage excessively deep pipes.

Where the standard (Council) Pit is insufficient to capture the

reduce the spacing; or