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Session13 EXWiringMethods

EXInstallationMethods
ConduitorCableGlands...

DirectEntryviaEExdgland

IndirectEntryviaEExe
gland & enclosure
gland&enclosure

DirectEntryviaEExd
conduit

TypicalWiringMethods

RigidConduit

Unarmored
Cable
bl

Armored
Cable

IECCableTypesandConstruction
UnarmoredCablesimilartoUSTCtypecablesbutwithfullyextrudedfillers.ArmoredCablesimilarin
concepttoIEEE45TypePmarineshipboardcableandcontinuouscorrugatedaluminumarmorcable.

TypeSWA SteelWireArmor

TypeSTA SteelTapeArmor
l

TypeSWB SteelWireBraid

Cable/ConductorRequirementsinZone
applications
ThefollowingmainrequirementsarelistedintheEN60079standardforcablesandconductors:
useonlyinsulatedcablesandconductors(testvoltage500VAC),
inspecialcasesearththerequiredscreeningonlyonceattheendofthenonexplosiveenvironment,
protectintrinsicallysafecircuitsagainstexternalelectricalormagneticfieldsthroughthemaintenanceof
protect intrinsically safe circuits against external electrical or magnetic fields through the maintenance of
adequatedistances,screeningand/orcoretwisting,isolateintrinsicallysafecablesandconductorsfromnon
intrinsicallysafecablesandconductorsor,protectagainstmechanicaldamageor,protectthroughmetal
housing,orscreeningofthecablesandconductorsdonotcombineconductorsofintrinsicallysafeandnon
intrinsically
safecircuits
preventthefrayingoffinewiredconductorsthroughtheuseofcablesleeves,forexample:
keeptominimumdiameterof0.1mm,
isolateintrinsicallysafeandnonintrinsicallysafecircuitsincablebundlesorductsviainsulationspaceroran
earthed metal spacer (not required with screening or sheathing)
earthedmetalspacer(notrequiredwithscreeningorsheathing),
identify(i.e.lightblue)thecablesandconductorsofintrinsicallysafecircuits(notrequiredwithshieldingor
metalsheathing)

Cable/ConductorRequirementsinZone
applications
Whenselectingcablesandconductors,onlyusethosewhichcanwithstandtheexpected
mechanical,chemicalandthermalinfluences.Cablesandconductorswiththermoplasticsheath,
duroplasticsheath,elastomersheathormineralinsulationwithmetalsheathmaybeusedforfixed
routing.Cablebranchlinesmustcomplywiththerequirementsforhazardousareas.
i C bl b
h li
l ih h
i
f h
d
Thecablesandconductorsmustbeconnectedtotheelectricalequipmentinlinewiththedirectives
fortheassociatedtypeofprotection.Unusedopeningsondevicesandequipmentmustbeclosed.
Whencablesandconductorsareinstalledthroughopeningsintononhazardousareas,caremustbe
g p
g
,
takentoprovideanadequatesealattheopenings(e.g.sandfilling,mortar)topreventcarryingover
ofthezone.Atparticularly
hazardouspoints,cablesandconductorsmustbeprotectedagainstthermal,mechanicalorchemical
stressby,forexample,conduits,tubingorcovers.Theflameretardanceofcablesandconductorsfor
fixed routing must be proven in accordance with IEC 60332 1
fixedroutingmustbeproveninaccordancewithIEC603321.

IECCableTypesandConstruction
Ingeneral,SWAcablehasbeenthecableofchoiceintheUKfor
onshoreinstallations.Itissomewhatflexible,readilyavailable
andhasgoodbendingcapabilities.
SWBcablehasbecomethechoiceforinstallationsoffshorewith
variousarmormaterialsincludingtinnedcopper,bronzeand
othermaterials.Veryflexibleyetdurableunderverydemanding
conditions.Manydifferentjackettypesavailable.
STAismoreofanonshoretypecableandiswidelyusedin
onshoreapplicationsincontinentalEurope,especiallyforpower
applications.ClientshavestartedtoshyawayfromSTAasitis
ge e a y ega ded as s g y o e d cu o e
generallyregardedasslightlymoredifficulttoterminatethan
ae a
eitherSWAorSWB.
Onevariationcommonlyusedfordirectburyapplicationsisa
Leadsheathedarmorcable.Leadprovidesaverygood
i l ti d t
insulationduetocorrosiveelementsandisparticularlyresistant
i
l
t
di
ti l l
it t
torodentsandants.Cableglandsforleadsheathedcable
typicallyneedanadditionalcomponenttoseattheleadportion
ofthecable.
DesignationsonglandsistomarkaXZforbraidandtape,witha
Wforwirearmorforfieldinstallation.

IECCableTypesandConstruction

BFOU&RFOUinstrumentationcablesaremanufacturedwitheitheroverallorindividualscreens,the
BFOU
& RFOU instrumentation cables are manufactured with either overall or individual screens the
coresareeitherlaidupaspairsortriples.Idealforsignalandinstrumentationcircuitswherethefire
performanceandLowSmokeZeroHalogenpropertiesareincreasinglybeingrequiredwithinpublic
buildingsandpowerstations,aswellastraditionalPetro/Chemindustries.Thecableisdesignedto
carryonworkingforaperiodof3hourswhenexposedtofire,accordingtoIEC60331testprocedure.
BFOUalsooffersgoodscreeningproperties,reducingElectroMagneticInterference(EMI).
l
ff
d
d
l
f
(
)
Construction
Tinnedstrandedcopperconductor,MICAtape,EPRinsulation,overallscreenofCopperbacked
pp
,
p ,
,
pp
Polyestertapewithastrandedcopperdrainwire0.75mm,innersheathofHalogenFreeThermoset
Elastomer,tinnedcopperwirebraidandanoutersheathofHalogenFreeThermosetElastomer.The
individuallyscreenedversionhasaCopperbackedPolyestertapewithastrandedcopperdrainwire
0.75mm aroundeachpairortriple.
Corecolors
Pairs - Light blue, black
Triples - Light blue, black and brown
Each pair or triple is identified by a numbered tape.

IECCableTypesandConstruction
CableTypes
ThemostcommonsheathmaterialfordatacablinginuseintheUKisPVC.Formanyenvironments,
PVCistheidealmaterial,havingsuperiormechanicalcharacteristicsandhighreliability.However,in
afire,PVCemitsheavyblacksmokemixedwith
hydrochloric acid thus reducing vision immediately impairing breathing and additionally initiating
hydrochloricacid,thusreducingvision,immediatelyimpairingbreathing,andadditionallyinitiating
corrosionofallequipmentexposedtothefumes.Forimprovedfireperformance,itiscommonfor
LSZHLowSmokeZeroHalogen(usuallymeetingIEC61034,IEC607542andIEC603323)cable
sheathstobeusedwithinEurope.

FirePerformanceStandards
Fire
Performance Standards
ThemajorStandardsincommonuseare
showninthetable.

CablesmeetingIEC603323havebetterfireperformancecharacteristicsthanthosemeeting
IEC603321:Theyuseeitherathickercablesheathoramoreexpensivesheathmaterialand
thereforethecableismorecostly.

IECCableTestsforFireApplications

TypicalIECCableTests
FireResistantTest IEC6033121Underlongfire
exposure,thecablemustmaintainthepower
supplyforvitalsafetyequipment(emergency
lighting,alarm,systems&firepumps,etc.)
g
g,
, y
p p,
)

SmokeDensityTest IEC610341/2The
smokedensitytestevaluatesthesmoke
emissionsofthecableandthejacket
construction.

Testunderfirecondition IEC603323
Flameretardanttestsimulatingcables
installedinbunchonaverticalladder
underfireconditions.

IEC6033212Singlewireorcable

A test on a single length of cable


600mm long held between 2 clamps.

The flame is applied for a


predetermined amount of time based
on the weight of the cable.

To pass the test there should not be


any visible damage or charring within
50mm of the lower edge of the top
clamp
l
(E
(Equal
l to
t 425mm
425
hi h than
higher
th
the flame source) once all
combustion has stopped.

This test replaces IEC603321,


IEC60332 1 BS4066
pt 1 & BS EN 5026521.

IEC603323Theladdertest

The IEC603323 ranges of tests are conducted on


bunches of cables and are much closer to a real life
installation. 3.5m Lengths
g
of cables are bunched
onto a cable ladder in a chimney simulating a building
riser.

The volume of cable on the ladder is determined in


litres of combustible material to offer a balanced
view of performance across a cable range.

A flame is applied 500mm from the base of the


ladder for a predetermined time. When the burner
has extinguished a one hour afterburn period is
allowed then the cables are checked for performance.

TTo pass the


th tests
t t the
th cables
bl should
h ld nott be
b affected
ff t d by
b
the flame 2.5m above the flame source.

BS EN 50266 is the BS standard for the same test


procedure

IEC603323categories
Test

Qtyofmaterial

Flameapplication

Supersedes

60332322
60332
3 22CatA
Cat A

7 0 litres
7.0litres

40 minutes
40minutes

IEC60332 3A
IEC603323A
BS4066pt3A

60332323CatB

3.5litres

40minutes

IEC603323B
BS4066 pt 3B
BS4066pt3B

IEC60332324CatC

1.5litres

20minutes

IEC603323C
BS4066pt3C

IEC60332 3 25 Cat D
IEC60332325CatD

0 5 litres
0.5litres

20 minutes
20minutes

60332321CatAF/R

UsedforlargeO.Dcablesinsteadof322CatA.Thecablesare
mountedonthefrontandbackoftheladder

Allthesetestsaretobeconductedoncompletecables.
CompoundsalonecannotbetestedtoIEC60332

FireResistantTesting

A cables
bl ability
b l to continue operating safely
f l during
d
a fire.
f
Also
l referred
f
d to as circuit integrity.

Widely used in commercial/public buildings & MOG applications to control fire alarm/monitoring systems,
emergency lighting, fire shutters and emergency evacuation equipment.

EuropeanFireStandards

Standard
IEC60331
IEC6033121
IEC6033123
IEC6033125
IEC6033131

Ref.
Performancerequirement
Cables0.6/1kV.
3hoursat750C(1970edition)
Cables0.6/1kV
90minutes@750C(unlessalt.statedinthecablespec)
Datacables 90minutes@750C
Opticalfibre 90minutes@750C
Cables0.6/1kV
120minutes@830Cwithvibration

VDE0472

FE180

q
(
)
ThistestisequaltoIEC60331(1970edition)

DIN4102

E30

Completesystemintegrityfor30minutes

DIN4102

E90

Completesystemintegrityfor90minutes
p
y
g y

EN50200PH30,PH60,PH120

BS8434wasdevelopedandenhancedfromthisstandard.
CurrentlyEN50200isinferiortoBS8434asitdoesnot
includethewaterspraytest.

SmokeEmission&ToxicGas

Obscuration of vision and toxic gas are the main threat to people during a fire leading to disorientation
and chocking from fumes.
fumes Death is normally caused by . choking rather than flames.
flames Reducing smoke &
fume emissions is vital to enable safe evacuation.

Equipment damage is caused by HCl gases mixing with moisture from the sprinkler systems and creates
acid rain leading to long term component failure even if the equipment does not look damaged.
damaged

Notallmaterialsthatarelowsmokearehalogenfree,examples:
LSPVC(LimitedSmokePVCtoUL1685)
Fluorocarbons (PTFE FEP etc )
Fluorocarbons(PTFE,FEPetc.)
TypeBCSPtoBS6883(1991)

EuropeanSmokeTesting

IEC 610342: A one meter sample of cable (or a bundle of


cables depending on the outer diameter) is placed in a 3m
cube and subjected to combustion by an alcohol produced
flame for 20 minutes. The light transmission through the
cube should not fall below 60% during the test (at peak or
total)

Measurement method :
100W halogen light source sensed by a photoelectric cell
positioned on the opposite side of the smoke cube.

IEC610342 is the most popular test used for cable in


Europe.
IEC610341 covers the apparatus required and test
procedure.

ToxicGasEvolutionIEC60754

IEC607541 (BS EN 50267 pt1) measures the amount of hydrochloric acid (HCl) evolved during
burning The result is normally expressed as a percentage of the sample weight.
burning.
weight There is no
pass/fail criteria.

This method is not suitable for testing cables classed as Zero Halogen and compounds
containing less than 5mg/g (5%)

IEC607542 (BS EN 50267 pt2) measures the corrosiveness of the evolved gas in terms of
acidity (pH) and conductivity. IEC 607542 recommended values are :

pH > 4.3. & Conductivity of combustion gases < 10 mS/mm

PanelWiringtoIECrequirements
MostofEuropeabidesbyIEC(InternationalElectrotechnical Commission)wiringcolorcodesforAC
branchcircuits.Theoldercolorcodesinthetablereflectthepreviousstylewhichdidnotaccountfor
properphaserotation.Theprotectivegroundwire(listedasgreenyellow)isgreenwithyellowstripe.
Function
ProtectiveEarth
Neutral
Line,singlePhase
Line 3 phase
Line,3phase
Line,3phase
Line,3phase

Label
PE
N
L
L1
L2
L3

CurrentColorIEC
GreenYellow
Blue
Brown
Brown
Black
Grey

OldColorIEC
GreenYellow
Blue
Brown orBlack
Brown orBlack
or Black
BrownorBlack
BrownorBlack

TheUnitedKingdomnowfollowstheIECACwiringcolorcodes.Thetablebelowliststhese
The
United Kingdom now follows the IEC AC wiring color codes The table below lists these
alongwiththeobsoletedomesticcolorcodes.
Function
ProtectiveEarth
o ec e a
Neutral
Line,singlePhase
Line,3phase
Line,3phase
Li
Line,3phase
3 h

Label
PE
N
L
L1
L2
L3

CurrentColorUK
GreenYellow
G
ee e o
Blue
Brown
Brown
Black
G
Grey

OldColorUK
GreenYellow
G
ee e o
Black
Red
Red
Yellow
Bl
Blue

ExampleofoldUKwiringcolors

Theuseofcolorcodedferrulesorsleevesistypicallyleftuptotheclient/userpreference.
EitherpracticeisacceptabletorelevantIECstandards.

CableGlandSelectionCriteria
Cableglandsusedinenclosuresintendedforuseina
hazardousareamustmeetwiththe
samecriteriaastheenclosuretowhichtheyare
y
connected.Forexample,cableglandsusedon
anEExeenclosuremustmeettherequirementsforthe
enclosuresoftheEExe
standardi.e.mustbecapableofwithstandinga7Nm
impact and capable of maintaining an
impactandcapableofmaintainingan
ingressprotectionofatleastIP54.
Ifaplasticornonmetalliccableglandisuseditmustbe
capableofpassingthesetestsafter
havingundergoneanacceleratedconditioningperiod.
Mostreputablecableglandmanufacturershavetheir
productsapprovedbyasuitablynotified
body and will carry the certification markings on the body
bodyandwillcarrythecertificationmarkingsonthebody
ofthegland.Cableglandsareaveryimportantelementin
theprotectionofelectricalequipmentandshouldnotbe
underestimated.Thereareavastarrayofdifferentcables
inusetodayanditisimportantthatadviceissoughtfrom
acableglandmanufacturerregardingselection.
bl l d
f
di
l i

TestingProceduresforCable
Glands

IP66Testing 100litersofwaterfor3minutesfrom
2.5to3meters

ContinuityTestingofArmor
Continuity
Testing of Armor Glandisheatedandcooled
Gland is heated and cooled
overtimeandresistivityshouldnotchangemorethan
10%

TorkTest Multiplespannerstoprescribedtension
with no damage on disassembly
withnodamageondisassembly

TestingProceduresforCable
Glands
LoadTest
Load
Test Unarmoredcableglandwithmandrelto
Unarmored cable gland with mandrel to
notslipmorethan6mmover6hrs.

ImpactTest Ikgfallingfrom70cmor7joules.No
damagetogland

PressureTest Minimumof450psiwithoutleakage
forExd,2000psiforUL2225requirements

WiringMethods
WiringconceptsOffshorefollowtheestablished&prevailingMarinestandards,
e.g.IEC60092352
Metallicparts(includingarmour)shallbeearthedeffectivelytopreventthem
ll
( l d
) h ll b
h d ff
l
h
frombecominglive.
CableArmour/Braidprovidesameansofgoodearthcontinuityaswellas
mechanicalprotection.
Normalpracticehasbeentouseexternalgroundingasthemostdirectrouteto
earth.
Thisiseasilyachievedwithmetalliccableglandsinnonmetallicenclosuresby
the use of an earth tag
theuseofanearthtag
Shroudshavebeenfoundtobeanineffectivemeansofkeepingwateroutof
enclosuresandglandsaretypicallynotusedforNorthSeaapplicationsany
more

WiringMethods ShieldingEMI
Protection
TwoformsofEMI/RFItoconsider
ConductedEmissions(Generated&Susceptibility)

RadiatedEmissions(Generated&Susceptibility)

AScreenedCableenteringshieldedenclosure
AssistsinprotectionagainstRadiatedEmissions
Metallicglandsareanessentialpartofthesystem
designinrespectofElectromagnetprotection.

360o Cableshieldingprovidesoptimumperformance
forEMCasopposedtopigtailtechniques.
Nonmetallicglandscreatetheweaklinkinthe
systembetweenshieldedcableandenclosure.

TypicalEExd&earmoredcablegland
ComponentsofTypicalEExe&dcablegland.

DelugeSeal
FrontEnd

ArmorCone

InnerSeal

ClampingRing

BackEnd

OuterSeal

InstallationofEExedgland
Inner & Outer Seals
Inner&OuterSeals
Locknut

EExd&EExe
RequirementforEExdcableglandsforequipment<2litres
Requirement
for EEx d cable glands for equipment < 2 litres
Screwedentrythreadsmustmaintainflamepath
Innersealmustbeexplosionproofandgastight
TrendistousedualcertifiedExd&Exe
RequirementsforEExecableglands
Impactstrength 7NmMinimum
MinimumI.P.rating IP54gas/vapour IP64dust
Single(outer)sealasaminimum
Trendistouseadouble(inner/outer)seal
Trend is to use a double (inner/outer) seal
NotunusualtousetheidenticalglandforbothEExdandEExeapplicationsforlessconfusionininstallation
inthefield.

InstallationofEExdbarrier
gland

Flame Path
FlamePath

Exhaust
Routes

Sealrequired
towithstand
apressureof
450 PSI (31 bar)
450PSI(31bar)
for2minutes

Pressure
essu e
Flame
HotGases
FlamePath

DirectEntryintoZone1,EExdenclosureover2litersvolume
WithArcingSparkingDevices

EpoxyResin
Compound

SampleofCableTypes
WhichtypeissuitableforusewithFlameproofExdequipment
Which
type is suitable for use with Flameproof Ex d equipment
usingaglandwithanELASTOMERIC seal?

CableA
IncorrectShape,
CablesShould
b
beRound
d

CableB

CableC

NoInnerSheath,
ExtrudedBedding
orSuitableFillers

CableD

CableE

CorrectCable,
e.g.hasan
extruded
inner bedding
innerbedding

WiringMethods TypicalNorwegian
InstallationPractice

IEC6007915CableGlandSelectionChart

Ingeneral,about90%oftheapplicationforhazardouslocationcable
glandscanbefulfilledwiththeuseofanonbarriercompoundgland

WiringMethods TypicalNorwegian
InstallationPractice

DirectandIndirectEntryEExe&EExd
Enclosures

DirectEntry,GlandTypeEEx
dBarrierTypeifvolume>2
litres

IgnitionSource

IndirectEntry,GlandTypeEExe
orDualCertifiedEExe/EExd
gland

DirectEntryEExnREquipment

GlandTypeEExDBarrierType
providinggastightBiDirectional
seal

GlandTypeEExd/EExeincorporatinginternal
sealthatprovidesBiDirectionalGastightseal.
DiaphragmSealsorcompressionsealsnot
recommended

Duetothis

WiringMethods CableGlandusageUK

MarketSector

UKOffshore
HazardousAreas
EExe95%
EExd5%
BraidArmor
98%
Brass"Armored"
EExd/EExe
C bl Gl d
CableGland
99%

Equipment
Cable

Brass"Armored"
EExdCompound
B i Gl d
BarrierGland
1%

Unarmored
2%

Brass"Unarmored"
EExd/EExe
C bl Gl d
CableGland
99%

Cable Glands
CableGlands

"Unarmored"
PlasticEExe
C bl Gl d
CableGland
1%

ThreadInformationand
Accessories
ThestandardizationofthreadtypeintheIECworldistypicallyaroundthe
Metricstraightthread.However,otherthreadtypesdoexistintheIECworld
andifnotMetricoravariationof,areaPG,BSPorBSTthreadtype.
Accessoriesthatarecommonlyusedare:
CableShrouds Becomingincreasinglylessusedastheyhaveatendencyto
holdwaterinandcoveruppotentialcorrosionwithglands.
EarthTags OtherwiseknownasBanjosorFryingPans.Usedtoprovide
ameanstogroundthecableglandtypicallywhenusedinnonmetallic
enclosures.
L k t Typicallyusedtosecurethecableglandtotheenclosure.
Locknuts
T i ll
dt
th
bl l d t th
l

ThreadInformationand
Accessories(Cont.)
Withthevariousthreadsused,threadadaptorsandreducers
areacommonaccessorywidelyused.Onekeypointisthatitis
notallowedtoreduceareducer
ShakerWashers Typicallyusedbetweenthelocknutand
insideofanenclosure,shakerwashersareusedtoprovidea
meanstokeepvibrationsfromlooseningthecableglandtothe
enclosure.
IPwashers Asthenameimplies,IPwashershelpmaintainthe
IPratingbetweenthecableglandandtheenclosure
Ifyouhaveacableglandinaclearancehole,youhaveametal
you a e a cab e g a d a c ea a ce o e, you a e a e a
tometal(orplastic)surfacethatprovidesnobetterthanIP54
protection.IPwashersgobetweenthefaceoftheglandand
theoutsideoftheenclosure.
Drains
D
i
EE d i th t ll
EExedrainsthatallowcondensationtodrainfromthe
d
ti t d i f
th
insideofenclosuresduetomoisturebuildupduringthenormal
heatingandcoolingprocessduringthedayandnight.

Cableglandspacingonenclosures
Cableglandsclearanceholesneedtobeconsideredwhendeterminingnumberandsizesofglandsinstalled
inenclosures.Alwaysconfirmglandcrosscornerclearancewithmanufacturerandtemplatesizeof
enclosuretoconfirmwhetherenoughspaceexistsforglandentries

Cableglandspacingonenclosures
TraditionaluseofcableglandsenteringintoanExeenclosureneedasignificant
amountofexcessspacetoallowfortheuseofaspannerorwrenchtotightenthe
gland.TheuseofcabinetsealscertifiedtoExecanreducethefootprintofthe
enclosurerequiredbyasmuchas50%orallowadoublingofcablestoenterinthe
same space as traditional cable glands
samespaceastraditionalcableglands.

ExdSealsandConduitSystems
ConduitSealsarecommonlyusedwithconduitsystemsfor
directentryintoEExdenclosures.Themaximumallowed
distancefromenclosureis450mm.LiketheUS,installations
alsorequiresealfittingsatboundaries.
Conduitsystemshaveaslightlydifferentrequirementinthat
countriestypicallymandatemax.fill.Inthecaseofmostof
thesouthernEuropeancountries,amax.fillof60%is
allowed This differs with US regulations of typically 40%
allowed.ThisdifferswithUSregulationsoftypically40%
maximumconduitfill.Conduitsystemsareusuallylimited
to3000Vorless.Above3000V,cablesystemsarerequired

TypicalWiringPracticeswithConduit
Allswitchingmechanismsshouldbeomnipolarwheretheneutralwireisalwayscut
MINIMUMallowedwiresizes: AuxiliaryCircuits(Controls)1.5mm/sq. Power
Circuits2.5mm/sq.
Cablesshouldbe3000Vmin.andflameretardanttype
CablesMUSTprotectedagainstinsulationdamagegenerallydueto:
Impactdamage
Heatsourcesthatcoulddamagecablesinsulation
Chemicalsubstancesthatcouldcauseinsulationcablescorrosion
Chemical substances that could cause insulation cables corrosion
Inordertocomplywithabovementionedrequirements,aproperchoiceofcablesand
cableroutingisveryimportant.
IfCablesPassfarawayfromanyplacewithriskofcorrosionoraccidentaldamage
If
C bl P f
f
l
ith i k f
i
id t l d
(i.e.cablesforceilingmountedlightingfixtures)astandardPVCinsulatedcablesin
propercabletraysareallowed.Whencablescomedowntoworkingareas,orpass
besidetovalvesorotherequipmentthatmightreleaseheatorcorrosivesubstances
thatmightdamagecablesinsulation,itisrecommendedtopassrelevantcablesinside
agalvanizedsteelpipes.Ifcablesgotovibratingmachines(example:electricalmotors)
pipesshouldbeflexiblehoses,forthelast500mmapprox.connectedtospecialcable
glandswithfemalethreadedheadwhichallowforflexiblehosesdirectconnectionto
theglandnut,withoutleavinganypartofcablesuncovered.
ThisisverysimilartoUSinstallationswherebytheuseofconduitactsasameansof
mechanicalprotection.

TypicalWiringPracticeswithConduit
FlexibleConduitforvibrationand
mechanicalprotection

Conduitformechanical
protection

TypicalWiringPracticeswithConduit

IEC61386isthenewEuropeanstandardgoverningtheperformanceofflexible
conduit(andrigid)systemsinelectricalinstallations.
TensiletestforIEC61386.
SupersedingthecurrentEuropeanflexibleconduitsystemsstandards,EN50086,IEC
61386 covers performance requirements for use of such products in electrical
61386coversperformancerequirementsforuseofsuchproductsinelectrical
installationapplications.Theperformancerequirementscoveredincludefatiguelife,
bendradius,operatingtemperature,nonflamepropagation,IPratings,impact
resistanceandpulloffstrength.FullimplementationofIEC61386isbeingphasedin
throughout2006,anditisexpectedthatthestandardwillfullyreplaceEN50086by
2007.
2007
Thosemanufacturersofflexibleconduitandtrunkingwhichcandemonstratefull
compliancewiththenewstandard(forexample,intheUKviaBSIandtheKitemark
scheme),especiallyifconfirmedbyindependentthirdpartycertification,willbeina
), p
y
y
p
p y
,
goodcompetitivesituationintermsofsales.Thisisbecausesuchmanufacturers'
customerswillbeabletoconfidentlyspecifyflexibleconduitsystemscomplyingwith
IEC61386forthecompleterangeofsuitableapplications,knowingthattheyhave
beenapprovedtothenewscheme.Suchcustomersoftenfacestrictcontrolsontheir
working environments and may typically include food processing healthcare
workingenvironments,andmaytypicallyincludefoodprocessing,healthcare,
hazardousarea,MODandotherspecialistmarkets.

TypicalWiringPracticeswithConduit
Tests to be carried out under IEC 61386:
TeststobecarriedoutunderIEC61386:
ThenewIEC61386standardrequiresanumberofteststobecarriedoutonspecimenconduitmaterials.
Theseinclude:
TheImpactStrengthTest Thisiscarriedoutonconduitsoverarangeofdifferenttemperatures.Thetestis
madeoneachspecimenusinganimpactheadwithadefinedprofile.Conventionally,fracturebehavioris
studied,butunderthistest,itisthedeformation(buckling)behaviorthatisalsodetermined.Thespecimen
passesthetestifnofractureoccursafterimpact,andthereisalsonoexcessivepermanentdeformation.
ThePeakLoadTest Undertherequirementsofthistest,carriedoutonconduitspecimensunderstandard
ambientconditions(whichisspecifiedas23Cat50%relativehumidity),theconduitisdeformedbyadefined
amountbetweentwoplates.
TheReverseBendingTest(WithSwingingMovements) Thistestisbasedonacyclicreversedbendingof
conduitsundervarioustemperatures.Undertherequirementsforthetest,conduitsaredynamicallyloaded
andevaluatedoverthetemperaturelimits.Thenumberofbendingcyclestakentofracturetheconduit
determinesitsstrength.
TheSelfExtinguishingTest Undertherequirementsforthistest,theconduitisexposedtoaflame(froma
standardburner).Thetimetoignition(ifany),theflamepropagation,andthetimetoselfextinguishingafter
flameremovalareallparametersmeasured.

TypicalWiringPracticeswithCable
Atypicalmethodofmakingfinalterminationstoenclosuresistoleaveexcesscablein
aloopconfigurationtorelieveanypotentialunduestrainonthecablegland,and
alloweasiermodificationsifequipmentneedstobereplacedorrepaired..

TypicalWiringPracticeswithCable

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