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ZGO-02-02-001 Handover

between Macro- and


Micro-cells
Feature Guide

ZGO-02-02-001 Handover between Macro- and Micro-cells

ZGO-02-02-001 Handover between Macro- and


Micro-cells
Version

Date

Author

Reviewer

Notes

Gu Yuhui

New

Xia Jun,
V1.0

2013/10/28

Zhu
Hongbo

2014 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.


ZTE CONFIDENTIAL: This document contains proprietary information of ZTE and is not to be disclosed or used
without the prior written permission of ZTE.
Due to update and improvement of ZTE products and technologies, information in this document is subjected to
change without notice.

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ZGO-02-02-001 Handover between Macro- and Micro-cells

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Feature Attribute ............................................................................................... 4

2
2.1
2.2
2.3

Overview ............................................................................................................ 4
Feature Introduction ............................................................................................. 4
License Control .................................................................................................... 5
Correlation with Other Features ........................................................................... 5

Technical Description ....................................................................................... 6

4
4.1
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
4.2.4
4.2.5

Parameters and Configurations ....................................................................... 7


Parameter List ..................................................................................................... 7
Parameter Configuration ...................................................................................... 8
Neighboring cell layer .......................................................................................... 8
Allow Macro-Micro delay handover ...................................................................... 9
Macro to micro handover Threshold ..................................................................... 9
Macro to micro handover value N ...................................................................... 10
Handover from macro to micro ........................................................................... 10

5
5.1
5.2

Related Counters and Alarms ........................................................................ 11


Related Counters ............................................................................................... 11
Related Alarms .................................................................................................. 11

6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.3.1
6.4
6.5

Engineering Guide .......................................................................................... 11


Application Scenario .......................................................................................... 11
Feature Commissioning ..................................................................................... 12
Feature Validation .............................................................................................. 14
Macro to Micro handover ................................................................................... 14
Feature Turn off ................................................................................................. 15
Network Impact .................................................................................................. 16

Abbreviation .................................................................................................... 17

Reference Document....................................................................................... 17

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FIGURES
Figure 6-1 Configuring Neighboring Cell Layer ..................................................................12
Figure 6-2 Configuring to Allow Macro-Micro Delay Handover ...........................................13
Figure 6-3 Configuring Macro to Micro Handover Threshold/Value N ................................13
Figure 6-4 Handover from macro to micro..........................................................................14
Figure 6-5 Allow Macro-Micro delay handover ...................................................................16

TABLES
Table 4-1 Parameter List .................................................................................................... 7
Table 4-2 Configuration rule of Neighboring cell layer ......................................................... 8
Table 4-3 Configuration rule of allow macro-micro delay handover ..................................... 9
Table 4-4 Configuration rule of macro to micro handover threshold .................................... 9
Table 4-5 Configuration rule of macro to micro handover value N ......................................10
Table 4-6 Configuration rule of macro to micro handover start threshold ...........................10
Table 5-1 Counters list .......................................................................................................11

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Feature Attribute
BSC Version: [ZXG10 iBSC

V6.30.103]

BTS Version: [Not related with BTS hardware platform]


Property: [Optional]
Related Network Element:
NE Name

Related or Not

MS

BTS

BSC

MSC

MGW

SGSN

GGSN

HLR

Special Requirements

Intra-BSC handover is not involved, but


inter-BSC handover is involved.

Dependent Function: [None]


Exclusive Function: [None]
Note: [None]

Overview

2.1

Feature Introduction
This feature enables the handover algorithm from the macro-cell to the micro-cell
(Macro-micro handover) and from the micro-cell to the macro-cell (Micro-macro
handover), which are mainly applied in the multi-layer network.
Macro-cell and micro-cell is a logical concept, which is not the macro and micro cellular

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cell. For example, 900M/1800M cell is set as the macro-cell and the micro-cell, and
900M/1800M cell is also be set as the macro-cell and the micro-cell. That is, any two
cells are set suitable relationship according to the requirement from the spot.
ZTE GSM supports macro-micro handover. When the downlink level of the serving cell is
equal or lower than the initial threshold, the handover decision of macro-micro handover
is started. BSC judges if the slow moving terminal handover to the lower layer of the
serving cell, which is the neighboring cell. The triggering condition of macro-micro
handover is: the neighboring cells level is greater than the threshold for N times.
Macro-micro handover balances the traffic between the macro-cell and the micro-cell. As
a result, the signaling load decreases, and the service efficiency is improved.
Usually, Power BudGeT (PBGT) handover has higher priority than macro-micro
handover. With a view to the variety of the handover algorithms in the actual situation,
sometimes the terminals should be handed over to the absorbing traffic layer as soon as
possible, which is macro-micro handover. Sometimes the terminals should stay at the
primary layer, which is PBGT handover, so the priority of PBGT handover and
macro-micro cell handover is adjusted on OMCR.
ZTE GSM also supports the handover from the micro-cell to the macro-cell, which is
realized through the handover based on uplink level fast fading. When the uplink level of
the terminal fast fading to the threshold for N times continuously, BSC select the related
cell (configured at OMCR) first as the target cell to execute handover, improving the
handover speed so as to reduce the call drop risk of the level fast fading..

2.2

License Control
None license control for this feature in UR12 Release.

2.3

Correlation with Other Features


This feature relates to the following features:
ZGO-05-02-008 Multi-layer Cell Structure

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Relation with Multi-layer Cell Structure: Handover from macro- to micro-cell in this
feature, only the lower-layer cells can be selected as the target cell; If no related cell
exists, the selection is made in the rule of upper layer-same layer-lower layer

Technical Description
The handover from macro-cell to micro-cell is mainly applied in a dual-layer network.
That is, the slowly moving MS handover from the macro-cell to the micro-cell. A
judgement for the slowly moving MS is made as whether the MS is allowed handover to
a cell at a layer lower than the current cell. Therefore, the layer of neighbour cell should
be lower than that of serving cell (NCellLayer=Lower).
First, avRxLevel of downlink measure report is bigger than byMacroMicroStartThs,then
can trigger Macro- to Micro-cell handover.
The triggering condition of handover from macro-cell to micro-cell is: The level of
neighbour cell exceeds the threshold value for continuous N times (See parameter
configuration: MacroMicroHoN).
The handover decision is made by formula below.

AvRxLevel(n) MacroMicroHoThs

(1)

In formula (1), AvRxLevel(n) refers to the average level of a specific neighbor cell,
MacroMicroHoThs is the threshold for handover from macro-cell to micro-cell. If
continuous N number of AvRxLevel satisfy formula (1), the neighbor cell is recorded as
candidate cell for handover from macro- to micro-cell. Traverse the neighbor cell list, if
candidate cell number is bigger than 0, the handover from macro- to micro-cell is
executed.
If candidate cell number is bigger than 1, the candidate cells should be sequenced by
three factors: priority, traffic and radio state. Among which priority and traffic takes
preference. The flowchart is shown as below

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Start

Ms Ms
in in
cell1.BSC
900M
cell,receive
receive measure
meas
report

abyRxLevel<=byMacroMi
croStartThs

AvRxLevel(n)>=MacroM
icroHoThs

Ms now in cell2

End

Parameters and Configurations

4.1

Parameter List
Table 4-1

Parameter List

SN

Name

Figure

hoControlMacroMicro

Figure 6-2

MacroMicroHoThs

Figure 6-3

MacroMicroHoN

Figure 6-3

NCellLayer

Figure 6-1

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macroMicroStartThs

Figure 6-4

4.2

Parameter Configuration

4.2.1

Neighboring cell layer


Table 4-2

Configuration rule of Neighboring cell layer

Full name
Abbreviation

Neighboring cell layer


NCellLayer
This parameter provides the handover policies in multilayer
network technology and dual-frequency network technology.
Multilayer radio coverage can be formed in the same physical
area.
The PBGT handover defined in the specifications at one layer can
reduce the number of handovers during the call, thus improving
the system reliability and communication quality. The policy of
handover between a macro cell layer and a micro cell layer mainly
depends on the moving speed of MS. An MS at higher moving

Description

speed will try to stay at the macro cell layer (upper layer of the
micro cell layer), and an MS at lower moving
speed will try to enter the micro cell layer (lower layer of the macro
cell layer). Only in the case of PBGT handover and emergency,
will the undefined cell of the service area be considered as a
candidate cell.
Same layer of the home cell: Adjacent cell and local cell are in the
same layer (PBGT handover possible); Upper layer of the home
cell: Adjacent cell is the upper layer of local cell (local cell is a
micro cell); Lower layer of the home cell: Adjacent cell is the lower
layer of local cell (local cell is a macro cell).

Managed object

Adjacent GSM Cell Configuration


0: Undefined

Value range

1: Same layer of the home cell


2: Upper layer of the home cell
3: Lower layer of the home cell

Unit

N/A

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Default value

4.2.2

Allow Macro-Micro delay handover


Table 4-3

Configuration rule of allow macro-micro delay handover

Full name
Abbreviation
Description
Managed object
Value range

4.2.3

Allow Macro-Micro delay handover


hoControlMacroMicro
This parameter determines whether to allow Macro-Micro delay
handover.
Handover Control
0: No
1: Yes

Unit

N/A

Default value

Macro to micro handover Threshold


Table 4-4

Configuration rule of macro to micro handover threshold

Full name
Abbreviation

Macro to micro handover Threshold


macroMicroHoThs
During macro-micro handover, some parameters shall be used.
That is, a signal strength threshold and a counter value.
Macro-micro handover threshold is a value of signal intensity
threshold. If the measured signal intensity of an adjacent micro cell
is higher than MacroMicroHoThs (threshold value) for certain

Description

times, then it triggers handover to the adjacent micro-cell.


In this way, it could move slow moving MS into micro cell layer.
The times can be determined by MacroMicroHoN parameter in
each adjacent cell. The setting of parameter "MacroMicroHoN" in
the local micro cell is related to the local cell size and the standard
used in measuring the MS moving speed.

Managed object

PS Handover Control

Value range

063

Unit

N/A

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Default value

4.2.4

20

Macro to micro handover value N


Table 4-5

Configuration rule of macro to micro handover value N

Full name
Abbreviation

Macro to micro handover value N


macroMicroHoN
During macro-micro handover, some parameters shall be used.
That is, a signal strength threshold and a counter value.
Macro-micro handover threshold is a value of signal intensity
threshold. If the measured signal intensity of an adjacent micro cell
is higher than MacroMicroHoThs (threshold value) for certain

Description

times, then it triggers handover to the adjacent micro-cell.


In this way, it could move slow moving MS into micro cell layer.
The times can be determined by MacroMicroHoN parameter in
each adjacent cell. The setting of parameter "MacroMicroHoN" in
the local micro cell is related to the local cell size and the standard
used in measuring the MS moving speed.

Managed object
Value range

4.2.5

1255

Unit

N/A

Default value

Handover from macro to micro


Table 4-6

Configuration rule of macro to micro handover start threshold

Full name
Abbreviation
Description
Managed object

10

PS Handover Control

Handover from macro to micro


macroMicroStartThs
Current cell downlink average level is not bigger than
threshold,macrotomicro handover can be triggered.
Handover Control

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Value range

063

Unit

N/A

Default value

63

Related Counters and Alarms

5.1

Related Counters
Table 5-1

Counters list

Counter ID

Name

C901060013

Number of SDCCH handover attempts due to macro-micro switch

C901060036

Number of TCH/F handover attempts due to macro-micro switch

C901060059

Number of TCH/H handover attempts due to macro-micro switch

C901130030

Handover attempts due to other causes of the full rate second sub
cell

C901130044

Handover attempts due to other causes of the half rate second sub
cell

5.2

Related Alarms
This feature has no related alarms.

Engineering Guide

6.1

Application Scenario
The macro- to micro-cell handover is usually applied for dual-layer network, whose
common networking mode is: 900M cell as serving cell, 1800M cell as lower layer cell,
and other 900M cells as the same layer cells. By macro- to micro-cell handover, traffic in

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ZGO-02-02-001 Handover between Macro- and Micro-cells

900M cell is able to hand over to 1800M cell; by PBGT handover, traffic in 900M cell can
transfer to other 900M cells.

6.2

Feature Commissioning
In configuration resources tree window, double click Configuration Management
Modify Area Adjacent Relation ConfigurationAdjacent GSM Cell Configuration, set
parameter Neighboring cell layer, as shown below.

Figure 6-1

Configuring Neighboring Cell Layer

In configuration resources tree window, double click Configuration Management


Modify Area Handover Control, set parameter Allow Macro-Micro delay handover, as
shown below.

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Figure 6-2

Configuring to Allow Macro-Micro Delay Handover

In configuration resources tree window, double click Configuration Management


Modify Area Adjacent GSM Cell Configuration, set parameter Macro to micro
handover threshold and Macro to micro handover Value N, as shown below.

Figure 6-3

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Configuring Macro to Micro Handover Threshold/Value N

13

ZGO-02-02-001 Handover between Macro- and Micro-cells

In configuration resources tree window, double click Configuration Management


Modify Area Handover Control, set parameter Handover from macro to micro, as
shown below.

Figure 6-4

6.3
6.3.1

Handover from macro to micro

Feature Validation
Macro to Micro handover
Test Item

Macro to Micro handover

Precondition

1.

Check CN is healthy.

2.

Check BSC is healthy.

3.

Check SDR is healthy.

4.

Check default cell configuration and parameters in


BSC.

Test Steps

5.

MSs are ready.

6.

Ensure good radio environment.

1. Configure cell A as macro cell, cell B as micro cell.


2. Configure cell B as adjacent cell of cell A and lower
layer.
3. Set the parameter hoControlMacroMicro of cell A as

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YES.
4. Set the parameters of cell A MacroMicroHoThs=25 and
MacroMicroHoN=8.
5. Make a call in cell A using MS.
6. If the continuous number of the RxLevel of cell B higher
than -85dBm is more than 8 times, the MS will be
triggered to handover to cell B.
Anticipative Result

1. In step 6, the handover will be successful and the call is


normal.
2. In step 6, the handover completed signaling can be
found in Abis interface.
3. In step 6, the handover performed signaling can be
found in A interface, the cause of handover is Better
cell.

6.4

Test Result

1.

Parameters Setting

Refer to test steps

Macro to micro handover performed successfully

Feature Turn off


In configuration resources tree window, double click Configuration Management
Modify Area Handover Control, set parameter Allow Macro-Micro delay handover as
no, as shown below.

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ZGO-02-02-001 Handover between Macro- and Micro-cells

Figure 6-5

6.5

Allow Macro-Micro delay handover

Network Impact
Impact on Network
The macro-cell to micro-cell handover is enabled to achieve balanced traffic, ease
network congestion, improve network quality and enhance users perception.
But it also brings negative impacts:
Increases handovers
If parameter HoMarginPbgt is set too low, frequent handover may be caused.
If parameter MacroMicroHoThs is set too high, the traffic loading effect is not obvious; if
set it too low, the frequent handover appears, users signal is weakened or signals
fluctuation is complained and KPI of lower layer cell (such as call drop rate and
congestion) becomes worse.
If PBGT handover parameter PbgtHoLayer is not set as Allow PBGT handover to lower
layer neighboring cell, the PBGT handover to lower layer neighboring cell fails (set by
parameter NCellLayer).

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Thus, the above parameters should be set appropriately as per the actual conditions.
Impact on NE
This feature does not affect the capacity of BSC and BTS.

Abbreviation
Abbreviations

Full Characteristics

3GPP

3rd Generation Partnership Project

GSM

Global System for Mobile communications

BSC

Base Station Controller

BTS

Base Transceiver Station

MS

Mobile Station

MSC

Mobile Switching Centre

AMR

Adaptive Multi-Rate

FR

Full Rate

HR

Half Rate

SDCCH

Stand alone dedicated Control Channel

OMC

Operation and Maintenance Center

SACCH

Slow Associated Control Channel

TCH

Traffic Channel

TDMA

Time Division Multiplex Access

Reference Document
ZXG10 iBSC GSM (V6.30.103) Performance Counter Reference
ZXG10 iBSC GSM (V6.30.103) Radio Parameter Reference

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