Microwave engineering ( PCEC 4102)

Assignment -1 (Module-1)
Short questions
1. What is the value of the terminating impedance
Airline has Zo =70 & =3 rad/sec at f=100 MHz. Calculate inductance
per meter
And capacitance per meter of the line.
2. A 600 lossless transmission line is fed by a 50 generator. If the line is 200
m long and
Terminated by load of 500 , determine in reflection loss in dB and return
loss in DB.
& Define SWR and reflection coefficient.
3. Write the comparison between waveguides and two-wire transmission lines.
4. A lossless transmission line of Zo =100 is terminated by an unknown
impedance. The
Termination is found to be at a maximum of the voltage standing wave and
the VSWR
is 5. Find unknown impedance?
5. What are the modes supported by Rectangular wave guide and why?
6. For what condition, we prefer wave guide over transmission line and why?
7. Which mode is dominant mode in rectangular wave guide when dimension b < a ?
8. What is the significance of purely reactive wave impedance?
9. Which TM mode has the
lowest frequency in a rectangular wave guide?
10.In which TM mode and TE mode lowest frequency occurs?
11.Write the reasons for the use of waveguides.
12.If rectangular waveguide size is 53 cm2 finds its cut off frequency.
13.Define dominant mode and degenerating mode.
14. Write the advantage and disadvantage of circular wave guide.
15. Why TEM waves do not exist in rectangular waveguide?
16. Which is the dominant mode of propagation in rectangular waveguide and why?
17.2. (a)Derive the telegraphers equation of two wire transmission line.
18.The terminating load of UHF transmission line with characteristic impedance
Zo = 50 ,
19.A line working at 300 MHz is 50+j50 . Calculate the VSWR and reflection
coefficient.
Long questions
20.A certain transmission line has a characteristics impedance of Zo=75+j0.01
and is terminated in a load impedance of 70+j50 . Compute (i) The
reflection coefficient.
(ii) The transmission coefficient.

21. A lossless line has a characteristics impedance of 50 and is terminated in a

load resistance of 75.The line is energized by a generator which has an
output impedance of 50 and an open circuit output voltage of 30
V(rms).The line is assumed to be 2.25 wavelengths long.
Determine (i) The input impedance
(ii)The magnitude of the instantaneous
load voltage
(iii)The instantaneous power delivered to the load.
22.
Explain (i) Single Stub matching
(ii)Double Stub matching
23.Enumerate the advantages/disadvantages of each of the above method
24.. Consider a length of Teflon filled copper K band rectangular wave
guide, having dimension a=1.07 cm and b=0.43 cm. Find the cut off
frequency of the 1st four propagation mode if the operating frequency is 15
GHz. Find the attenuation due to dielectric loss and phase constant if Teflon
having relative permittivity 2.08 and tan is 0.0004.
25. An air filled rectangular waveguide of inside dimension 73.5 cm operates
in the dominant
TE 10 mode having frequency 3.5 GHz. Find cut off
frequency ,wave length, phase velocity , wave number and wave
impedance .
26. Explain the plain wave reflection in a wave guide and Find the solution of
wave equation for rectangular wave guide ?
27.Derive the cut-off wave length of a rectangular wave guide from the
Maxwells equations .What are the assumptions made in this derivation ?
What is the significant of a cut-off wave length ?
28.(b)An air-filled rectangular waveguide having dimensions 48 operates in the
TE10 mode. Find out (i)the cut-off frequency and
(ii) the phase velocity at a frequency of 4 GHz.
29.Ex= -10 sin(2 y /a)sin ( t150 z )V /m .

Find (i) Mode of propagation.

i. (ii)Cut-off wavelength.
ii. (iii)Calculate the frequency of operation and
iii. (iv)Wave impedance
30. What are the steps involved in connecting a stub to a transmission line for the purpose of
impedance matching?
31. Show that a TEM wave cannot propagate in a waveguide.
32. Calculate the cut-off frequency of the TE01, TM11 and TE22 modes in a square waveguide of
dimensions

33. Derive the wave equations for a TE wave propagating in a circular wave guide and obtain all
field components.
34.

A lossless transmission line of

is terminated by a load
using
smith chart, design a single stub matching arrangement to match the load to the generator and
the line. Calculate the position of the short circuited stub and the length of the stub for
matching.

35. List the drawbacks of single stub matching.

36. Write a short note on microwave integrated circuits.

37. A plane wave propagation through glass having relative permittivity 5 has the magnitude of
electric field vector as 100 V/ m and frequency 1MHz. Calculate:
(i)Velocity and phase shift constant of wave
(ii) Magnitude of magnetic field intensity.
Assignment -2(module-2)
Short questions
1. Why a resonant cavity is called so and what is its application?
2. What is the formula for resonant frequency for rectangular cavity and what is its dominant
mode?
3. What is a ferrite device and why it is called as nonreciprocal device?
4. Briefly explain S matrix of directional coupler. How can you calculate coupling
factor and directivity?
5. Write short notes on Ferrite isolator
6. Write short notes on T junction power divider
7. Write short notes on Magic Tee
8. Explain how Magic tee can be used as a balanced microwave mixer.
9. Explain the working of a 4 port directional coupler with a neat diagram and derive the
relevant parameters.
10. Explain two properties of scattering matrix.
Long questions
11. Derive the S-matrix of a directional coupler. Also reduce the S-matrix in the terms of p, the
transmission factor and q, the coupling factor.
12. A 2 W power source is connected to the input of a directional coupler with
C = 20 dB,
D = 25 dB, and an insertion loss of 0.7 dB. Find the output powers (in dBm) at the through,
coupled, and isolated ports. Assume all ports are to be matched. .
13. Explain briefly Faraday-rotation isolator.
14. Explain the difference between micro strip line and strip line
15. List the parameters namely Inductance, L, Capacitance, C, Characteristic impedance
velocity, for a lossless parallel strip line.
16. A gold parallel strip line has the following parameters:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

Relative dielectric constant of polyethylene:

Strip width: w = 25 mm
Separation distance: d = 5 mm
Calculate
the
(i)
Characteristic impedance of the strip line
(ii)
Strip-line capacitance
(iii)
Strip-line inductance
17. Define a re-entrant cavity and give at least two examples. Where are these used?

& phase

18.

A lossless parallel strip line has a conducting strip width w. The substrate dielectric
separating the two conducting strips has a relative dielectric constant
of 6 (BeO) and
thickness d of 4 mm. Calculate
(i)
The required width w of the conducting strips in order to have
characteristic impedance of 50 .
(ii)
The strip line capacitance.
(iii)
The strip line inductance
(iv)
The phase velocity of the wave in the parallel strip line.
19. Explain the construction and working of directional coupler. Derive expression for
coupling factor and directivity. Compare single hole and double hole directional
coupler.
20. What is Magic Tee? Why is it called so? Explain the characteristics of the Tee
considering various input/output conditions.
21. What is circulator? Describe construction and working of a four port Faraday
rotation circulator.
22. What is a micro strip line? How does its characteristic impedance change with change in
width to height ratio? Give a reason for using lower dielectric constant substrate in place
of alumina at higher microwave
frequencies.
23. A rectangular cavity resonates in the

mode at 5 GHz. Given

a = 8.0 cm

and b = 6.0 cm, calculate the resonant frequencies for

and
modes.
Assume cavity is air filled.
24. Draw the schematic diagram of TWT amplifier and describe its principle of operation.
Give the propagation characteristics of different waves generated in the amplifier.
Explain how r.f. power output and gain vary with the change in r.f. power input.
25. Derive an expression for resonant frequency f O in a rectangular cavity
resonator.
26. What is the power passing through a rectangular waveguide propagating in the
TE10 mode when the maximum signal strength is
? The dimensions of
the waveguide are 3 cm 1.5 cm and the frequency is 10
GHz.
27. Briefly discuss loop coupling and aperture coupling.
28. In an H plane Tee junction, 20mW power is applied to the main arm that is perfectly

29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.

matched to the junction. Calculate the power delivered to the load

and
connected
to
port
(1)
and
port
(2)
of
collinear
arms
respectively.
Explain how amplification is achieved in a Magnetron with neat sketch.
Obtain the scattering matrix of a E plane Tee.
Describe the method for microwave frequency and Noise Factor measurement.
Mention the chief advantages and disadvantages of microwave communication
systems.
Compare strip line and micro strip lines.
What are the limitations of conventional tubes at microwave frequencies?

Assignment -3 (Module-3)
Short questions
1. What is Beam coupling co-efficient in Reflex klystron amplifier?
2. What is a ferrite device and why it is called as nonreciprocal device?
3. Why the TWT is called so? What makes it as an amplifier?
4. With the help of a neat velocity diagram explain how bunching of electrons
takes place at the re-entrant cavity of a Reflex Klystron.
5. From the reflector voltage Vs power out put curve explain what is meant by
electronic tuning.
6. Write short notes on
Reflex klystron
7. A Reflex klystron operates at V0 =600 volt, L=1mm, Rsh=15 k, fr= 9 GHz
and n=2 . Find out repeller voltage and efficiency if x = 1.841 and J(x )
=0.582 for this condition.
8. Briefly explain the amplification process of TWT with diagram.
9. What is magnetron and what is its function? How it is operated in - mode ?
10. Explain working of TWT with neat sketch.
Long questions
11. A plane wave propagation through glass having relative permittivity 5 has the magnitude of
electric field vector as 100 V/ m and frequency 1MHz. Calculate:
(i)
Velocity and phase shift constant of wave
(ii)
Magnitude of magnetic field intensity.
12. Explain the J-E characteristics of Gunn diode.
13. Explain the operating principle of Helix Travelling wave tubes.
14. Explain working principle of magnetron with neat sketch.
15. What do you mean by velocity modulation in Klystron and derive the expression for
it?
16. List the three types of magnetrons.

17. Give the Hull cut-off voltage and Hull cut-off magnetic flux density for a linear
magnetron.
A linear magnetron has the following operating parameters:
i. Anode voltage:
ii. Anode current:
iii. Magnetic flux density:
iv. Distance between cathode and anode: d = 6 cm
v. Compute The Hull cut-off voltage for a fixed
vi.
vii.

The Hull cut-off magnetic flux density for a fixed

Phase velocity.

18. Write in brief, what is transferred electron effect? In which type of material it is present?
What are the typical characteristics of Gunn diode and explain its working
19. Draw the schematic diagram of TWT amplifier and describe its principle of operation. Give
the propagation characteristics of different waves generated in the amplifier. Explain how r.f.
power output and gain vary with the change in r.f. power input.
20. . Explain how amplification is achieved in a Magnetron with neat sketch.
21. What are the microwave hazards and how those are avoided?
22. What are the basic difference between general transistor and microwave transistor?
23. What are the microwave transistor and how those are works?