Centrifugal Pump

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Centrifugal Pumps
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The term centrifugal pump has been used to

describe a wide variety of pumping applications
and designs throughout the years.

Centrifugal Pump

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The REDA centrifugal pump is a

multistage pump, containing a
selected number (application
dependent) of impellers
equipped with vanes, inside a
closely fitted diffuser, located
in series an axial shaft, driven
by the electrical motor.

Centrifugal Pump
A centrifugal pump creates pressure by the
rotation of a series of vanes in an impeller.
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The impellers job is to transfer energy by

rotation to the liquid passing through it, thus
raising the kinetic energy.

Centrifugal Pump

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The diffuser section then converts this energy to

potential energy, raising the discharge pressure.

Centrifugal Pump

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From there, the rotation of the

high-speed impeller throws
the liquid into the diffuser.

Centrifugal Pumps

Upthrust Washer
Impeller
Down Thrust Washer
Diffuser

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Each "stage" consists of an impeller

and a diffuser. The impeller takes the
fluid and imparts kinetic energy to it.
The diffuser converts this kinetic
energy into potential energy (head or
pressure).

HEAD
Head: The height
to which the pump
will "lift" the fluid

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Curves for centrifugal

pumps are normally
shown as flow versus
head in feet, meters, or
some other consistent
unit.

Propane

Water

Oil

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A centrifugal pump produces "constant head".

This means that, regardless of the fluid being
pumped, it will be lifted to the same height as
any other fluid for the same flow rate.

Maximum Head-Capacity
4.5" Casing
5.5" Casing
7" Casing

15000

10000

5000

0
0

10000

20000

Flow Rate - BPD (60 Hz)

30000

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Total Dynamic Head -Feet

20000

SN2600 60 HZ / 3500 RPM

REDA
Rev. B

Optimum Operating Range1600 - 3200

Nominal Housing Diameter
5.38
Shaft Diameter
0.875
Shaft Cross Sectional Area
0.601
Minimum Casing Size
7.000

Pump Performance Curve 538 Series - 1 Stage(s) - Sp. Gr. 1.00

bpd
inches
inches
in2
inches

Shaft Brake Horsepower Limit:Standard

High Strength
Housing Burst Pressure Limit:Standard
Buttress
Welded

Feet

256
410
N/A
6000
6000

B.E.P.
Q = 2581
H = 46.75
P = 1.31
E = 68.09

60

Hp
Hp
psi
psi
psi

Hp Eff
3.00 60%

2.50 50%

40

2.00 40%

30

1.50 30%

20

1.00 20%

10

0.50 10%

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

Capacity - Barrels per Day

From this curve we can determine the head

produced, brake horsepower required and
hydraulic efficiency at any flow rate.

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50

Pump Descriptions and Names

The series designations are defined as:
Type

338
400
540
538
562
675
738
862
950
950
1125

DN 1300

Outside
Diameter
3.38
4.00
5.13
5.38
5.63
6.75
7.25
8.63
9.5
10.00
11.25

Minimum
Casing Size
4
5
6 5/8
7
7
8 5/8
9 5/8
10
11
11
13 3/8

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A
D
G
S
H
J
L
M
N

Series

Pump Descriptions and Names:

H (Extrude Honed)
E (Epoxy Coated Stages) SN3600E
C (As Cast)
Other letters may be used from time to time,
but these should be considered as
experimental and not used in pump selections.

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Other Letters (Suffix only) used in PAD to

describe special pumps

Pump Nomenclature:
Frequently Used Terms
Definition
Abrasion Resistant: Zirconia bushings and sleeves
Abrasion Resistant: Silicon Carbide sleeves
Abrasion Resistant: Silicon Carbide bushing and sleeves
Abrasion Resistant: Tungsten-Carbide sleeves
Abrasion Resistant: Tungsten-Carbide bushings and sleeves
Abrasion Resistant: Zirconia bushing bushings and Silicon sleeves
Abrasion Resistant: Zirconia bushing bushings and Tungsten sleeves
Compression
Center Tandem
Compression-Center Tandem
Compression-Lower Tandem
Compression Ring
Compression Ring-Center Tandem
Compression Ring-Lower Tandem
Enhanced Stability
Floater
Floater-Center Tandem
Floater-Lower Tandem
Floater-Single section
Hydraulic Balance
Housing
Single
Stainless Steel
Stainless Steel Head and Base
Carbon Steel
Monel Trim
Redaloy
Self Lubricating bearings (Graphalloy)
High Strength Shaft

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Abbreviation
ARZ
ARZ-S
ARZ-SS
ARZ-T
ARZ-TT
ARZ-ZS
ARZ-ZT
C
CT
C-CT
C-LT
CR
CR-CT
CR-LT
ES
FL
FL-CT
FL-LT
FL-S
HB
HSG
S
SS
SS H and B
CS
M-Trim
Rloy
SLB
HSS

Pump naming conventions

A DN1400 indicates:
= 400 series, therefore, 4.0 in diameter

1400

= the best efficiency flow rate

(60 Hz : 3500 RPM) in barrels per day.

= the material of the stage, in this case ni-resist.

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Pump naming conventions

A D950 indicates:
= 400 series, or 4.0 diameter

950

= 950 bpd flow rate

N is missing from the description so the

impellers are Ryton (thermo plastic)

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Centrifugal Pumps
There are two types of impellers that determine the
amount flow available for the specific design.
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Centrifugal Pumps

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The difference between

these two types of designs
is described by the pump
impeller vane angles and
the size and shape of the
internal flow passages.

Centrifugal Pumps
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A mixed flow impeller

has vane angels at
close to 45 degree, and
therefore, are usually
found in pump ranges
for higher flow rates.

Centrifugal Pumps

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A radial flow
(pancake) impeller has
vane angels at close
to 90 degree, and
therefore, are usually
found in pump ranges
for lower flow rates.

Pump Construction

Floater - Type
Compression - Type

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There are two types of pump stage construction

for ESP oil field applications:

2 Types of Stage Construction

Impeller
Thrust

Floater

Protector
Thrust
Bearing
Motor
Thrust
Bearing

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Compression

Pump
Down
Thrust
Carried
here

"Compression" Pumps
In a compression pump, all the impellers are rigidly fixed to the shaft
so that if an impeller wants to move up or down, it will take the shaft
with it.
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The impeller is normally sitting down on its lower diffuser during

assembly due to gravity. Because of this, the pump shaft is "raised"
with shims in the coupling so that the impeller is not allowed to
touch the diffuser after final assembly. This allows all thrust
developed in the pump shaft to be transferred to the protector shaft
directly.

Pump Shimming

There is a small amount of free play in the coupling

such that the pump shaft can fall down to where the
impellers ride directly on the lower diffusers or on the
downthrust washers if available.

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Impeller is in full down position

Pump Shimming

When shimming 675 Series pumps

down thrust washers), Impeller is
lifted slightly off diffuser.

Shims placed in
coupling to raise
the shaft

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and larger (which do not have

Pump Shimming

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If we are shimming 562 Series

pumps and smaller (which
have downthrust washers) we
match the shafts flush.

Shims placed in
coupling to match
the shafts

Why use Compression Pumps?

the stage.
Some fluids (e.g. liquid propane) do not have enough lubricity to properly
lubricate a thrust washer.
If abrasives or corrosives are present, it may be beneficial to handle the
thrust in an area lubricated by motor oil rather than well fluid.
Occasionally in very gassy wells, the flow volume changes so drastically
within the pump that parts of a floater pump could be in very severe thrust
while others are not so a compression pump could be one alternative.
Since all the thrust is handled in the protector, as long as the protector has a
great enough capacity, the pump operating range can be extended over a
much wider area without any increased wear or reduced life.

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Some stages generate too much thrust to be handled by a thrust washer in

"Floater" Pumps
Why use a floater pump?
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Let's look at a floating impeller in detail.

Floating Impellers:
Since a floating impeller is free to move up and down the shaft, the only thing to stop
it is either the upper or lower diffuser. "Thrust washers" are provided at all mating
surfaces between the impeller and diffuser to absorb any thrust generated.
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Thrust
Washers

Floating Impellers:
The blue area shows the "upthrust" washer between the
impeller and upper diffuser.
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Upthrust is
absorbed
here

Force

Floating Impellers:
The blue area shows the "downthrust" washers between the
impeller and lower diffuser.

Downthrust
is absorbed
here

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Force

Floating Impellers:

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Seal here
prevents
abrasives
from getting
into washer

We lose efficiency in the upthrust position because of the

fluid's ability to recirculate from the high pressure to low
pressure eye area. In addition to loss in efficiency, this can
promote erosion in the diffuser in abrasive fluids.
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Why use floater pumps?

Since each stage handles its own thrust, a very large
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number of stages can be put in a pump without having

to worry about protector bearing capacity.
Floaters are also very good with mild abrasives since
they prevent material from getting into the radial
bearing area.
Floaters are much more forgiving in manufacturing
since tolerance stack-up is not a concern.
Easier field assembly - no shimming required.