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;:d.; jpkhg iudk fldg n,d ;:d.; Ouh
fY%AIaG nj f;are .;a ksihs' nqoaO Ouh fkdo;a
,dN wyxldr uuxldrfhka u;a fndfyda isxy,hka
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w;yer uv f.dfydre fidhd hk iQlrhka fuka
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fkdlrkakg lshk wd.u w;ayer oi wli, lu
lrkakg W.kajk :Hdj wdY%h lrkafka h' wfma
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ldu fNda.Ska fuka fkdisg wdjdi" l=," ,dN" Ou"
uPhhkaf.ka f;drj wdroaO fhka Y%oaOd is;ska
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f,dalhdg iem ,ef'
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mriaifmfid Ofud wmamf
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ld,fha lkg jefgkafka ke;' fkka k :Hd
Ouhka lkg jefuka :HdoDIa mdmhka lsfuka
ldu iem fia j khg wdYdfjka Word:h ks i d
nqoaO Ouh w;a yer Tyq :Hd.u ms<s.;af;dah'
fn!oaO <uhd

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urKhg fkdmeK tAldka; iemfhka iskjdo@
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fn!oaO cd;Ska w;ayer :Hdjdka wdY%h lrKq ,ef'
isyh,laIhla ;Ska w;ayer oud mrfoaYS iaj,am
fofkl= i;=gq lrkakg hk isxy, l%sia;shdksldr
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Oumhdfha yehg ms<smka ji'
iq o a fyd| l ld wmg foka f ka weg l
muKhs' wms tl;=j l%shd lruq' wm uyd rc;=ud
bkahd rgjeis n%dyauK Nla;slhkago b,a,k ,o
foa kafka h' Wka l%sia;= Nla;sh ms<s.;af;a ke;'
,xldf urlal, ynldr fou< msia foi nej
uek' u;a u lsu w;ayer oud u;ameka mdkh
w;ayer oud fYa%IaGcd;shla ug W;aidy jvkq'
wfma NslaIQkajykafia,d YslaIdldj is;a k wmg
fohka iys; f,dalhdf.ka wdOdr ,ef'
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ksid mrcd;slhka wm rgg meK wysxil i;=ka urd
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ms<smk Ou f fjd hhs olajd ;sf' tA Ou
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fnda i;a;aj Ouhla k i;a;dkx wfyaisl
cd;sflda wfydais mdkd jd f,vqkd jd oKafk jd
fn!oaO <uhd

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i;af:ak jd hkq hs' fldhsf,ilska j;a i;a;aj ysxid

fkdfldg ohd is;a olajka m%dK>d;h j<lajkag
tl tl fn!oaOhd iska W;aidy lghq;=hs'
nd,ld,fha udxY wkqNj lsug leue;a;
ug ;ka ;snqfKa h' 19 muK jhfia hlsis
hlska bx.%Sis fmd;la lshjkakg ug ,enqfKah'
thska i;a;aj ysxidj fkdlrkakg;a udxi lEu
w;ayeug;a wIaGdk lf<' Wn,lv oud Whk
t<jo fkdld w;a yefh' uia udxi Wn,lv
w;ayer u iEu w;skau fn!oaOhkag jkafkah'
i;aj lreKdj fmkau" ; kh u" wNhkh
u" ffu;%S lsu" m%dK>d;fhka je<elSu" wkqka
,jd fkdlru" wkqn, fkdu" Woaiail;uxi
fkdlEu" gqfjd;a weiqfjd;a iel lf<d;a ;%sflda
mY=o
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wkqka je<elau" f wdh .ek l,amkd lrk l,
lsisfia;a Wkau;a;l kqjQ flfkl=g uia lEu l<
fkdyelsh's fn!oaO rgla jQ ,xldf fydr yrla ueu
nyq,j lrkq ,ef' m%dK>d;h iqrdfrh hk f
folska fjkau fkdlrk fn!oaOhd mdm;rfhls'
fld<U" .d,a," ud;r" uykqjr" wd k.rj, isk
fn!oaO ckhd iu; lr f.k wKfnr .id wo
mgka fn!oaO jQ flfkla Wfoid urK,o uia lEu
wrlal= u fkd lghq;= hhs m%ldYhla lsug wdrN
lghq;= hs'
uialEu uOHu m%;sm Ouhg frdaOhhs lreKq
fmkakd ka l, mka je<lSu Wkau;a;l kqjQ whf.a
fn!oaO <uhd

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Ouhls' g h:dN+; Khhs jHjydr flfr;s'

box i;s box fyda;s" box wi;s box k fyda;s hkq
mpiuqmamdo Ouhhs' f inkaO md<s mdGh
fuys olajkq ,ef' mdKd;smd;x mydh mdKd;smd;d
mrf;da fyda;s' ksys; oKafvda ksys; i;af:da ,
ohdmkafkda inmdK N+;ys;dkqlms yr;s'
fkdfmrk ,o c,h mdkh lsu jro iys;hs'
;Kfld<hla mjd leu tmd fldg Ns l a I Q k a g
uydj.a . md,sf ha pulaL kaOlfha ola jd ;s f
tAlSkashx iuKd ilHmq;a;shd jx fyfGka;S;s
fndfyda ukqIHhka iska ks.%y lrk hula lsu
nqoaOd.ug reoaOhs' tla;rd mdm NslaIq flfkl= mdm
Wmdilfhl= ,jd m%sh" oYkSh jiafil= urjd Wf.a
yu ms<f
s .k ;sf' fu ;ek wm nqrcdKka jykafia
f mdm NslaIqjg ks.%y fldg ffia jf<a h' kkq
uhd fuda> mqi wfkal mhdfhak mdKd;smdf;da
.rys f ;da mdKd;s m d;d fru mi;a : d fka ; x
fuda > mq i wma m ika k dkx jd midh'''''' uyd
j.a.fha fNic ldKavfha iqmamshd Wmdisldj ka
udxYh lE tla;rd NslaIqjla ksid k p NslaLf
wmamfjla;ajd uxix mN=x;nx hkq jrd ;sf'
iqmamshd Wmdisldj f NslaIqjg uia jHdxckhla id
fok woyiska f.org meK mj;a; udxi kf.k
, .ekSug mqreIfhl= nrKeia kqjrg hjd ;sf'
mj;a; udxi fidhd ke;s neka ysia w;ska fyf;u
f.or wdfh'
fn!oaO <uhd

10

kslsKs l,n

isxy fiakdm;shd wm nqka lrd f.dia nqka m%uqL

NslaIq ix>hdg khla ;sf' f khg mj;a;
uxi .ekSug mqreIfhl= hjd ;sf' f nj weiQ
ks.KaGfhda id,d uykqjr hla mdid l
j.=rejka wo isxy fiakdm;shd Y%uK f.!;uhkag
okafok msi ia:q, jQ f.dfkla urK,oafoa hhs
lshd weoafoah' fuh weiQ wh isxyfiakdm;shd lrd
meK tA nj ie, l<y' tg fiakdm;shd fufia
W;a;r kafkahs' kp uhx ; fya;=ms ixp
mdKx ;d fpdfrdfmhHdud;s' nqyq f m%ia;df
k NslaLf cdkx Woaiail;x uxix mN=x;nx
hS jf<a h' foajo;a; ia:rfhda nqka lrd meK"
hdjjx uPuxix k LdfohHqx' lsis l,l uia
udxYhla fkdj<|k yehg m%{ma;shla mekug
b,a l, nqrcdKka jykafia Bg tl fkd h'
kE mqoa.,fhl=g tfia lrkakg bv ;%sflda
mdY=oafhka wGx wiq;x wmixlsx hkafkka
,enq f kd;a tA uia j<|ka k g wjir ka f ka h'
n%dyauK Ol iQ;%fha mY=>d;kh ksid ish frda.
f,dj we;s jQ nj nqyq jf<dah' iudixlmafmd"
iudlukaf;d" iudwdfjd hk wx. ;=kla
Nd;d lrk Y%djlfhl= Wfoid urk,o uia ojila
mdid , .ekS f uka i;a ; a j >d;khgo udxY
lsugo wkqn, fokafka h' ffu;%S Ndjkdj ks;ru
lrk flfkla i;a;j >d;kh lrkag l%h
s d lrkafka
ke;' ioaOd;siai rc;=udg jgquia lla ,nd .ekSug
;=nqKq wudrel fmkajk l:djo fu;k fufkys
fn!oaO <uhd

11

kslsKs l,n

lghq;h
= 's wdH Ouh wdY%h lrk wdh cd;shg whs;s
isxy, fn!oaO ifydaorhsks nqoaO jpkh wdorfhka
Nd; fldg Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiaf.a Ouh ug msysg
f jd hs wIaGdk fldg lsug urk,o udxY
, fkd.ekSug u;ameka fkd ug is;ska H
lrkq uek'
oUj l%sia;shdksldr iuQyhd f.dudxi NlaIKh
lrkafka ke;' ifn i;a;d Njka;= iq;;a;d
hk mdGh isys lg hq;= hs' f ldf,a ldufNda.S
NslaIQkaf.a ixLHdj je ;sf' h:dN+; khg
wkqj fhdaksfidaukisldrfhka l,amkd l<du f
f fya;= ksid wfma NslaIQyQ ldufNda.Sj is;a hhs
fmfka' .Dym;s msi iska hg lajQ w;a;=mkdhsl
Oumhdh Nd; lghq;=hs' iS,imkak .sys iuQyhd
jejQ l, NslI
a k
Q a m%jc
% Hd Ouhg wkqj l%h
s dlrkjdg
iel ke;' ,nk i;sfha fndai;a; Oumhdh
fuys m%isoaO lrkq ,ef' wOujdkag n,h we;s
f ld,fha ,xldfjka wE;a j uOH uKa v ,fha
nrKei isu fl iemhg id:lhs' fn!oaO msi
ylaj;a tlS Ndjfhka l%shd lrkakg iu;lrf.k
fndai;a;aj Ouhka mq, Ndjhg muqKqjkakg
h lrkjd k ,eh yels fl iem fiu ug
w;ayer h yelsh'

fn!oaO <uhd

12

kslsKs l,n

ni - /i - foi - iiqk iqrlsk

Oumd, mrmqrla youq
.=re iShd isks

19 jk ishjfia w. Nd.fha Y%S ,xldf iQ r

mqreIhka w;r Y%Su;a wk.dl Oumd,;=udg ys jkqfha
woa;Sh ia:dkhls' .sys mlaIfhys Oumd,;=ud is l<
cd;sl yd wd.l fiajdjg i ,k fjk;a r mqreIhl=
f.a fiajdjla .ek wmg l,amkd l< fkdyels h' isxy,
fn!oaOhd fjkqfjkq;a inqoaO Ydikh fjkqfjkq;a
fmdf Y%S ,xldjdiSka fjkqfjkq;a t;=uka l< fiajdj
YsIag;u f'
ud;r tA' mS' Ou.=KjOk uy;d f.a hhka jQ
u,a,sld Ou.=KjOk ^miqj fyajd;drK& uyd;auksh
yd ud;r fka lfrda,sia fyajd;drK uy;d ujqmshka
fldg Oumd,;=ud fu f,dj t<sh gqf 1864 iema;en
17 jk h' t;=ud ,nd.;a zfZ hk ku zOumd,Z
hkqfjka fjkia lr .;af;a kj fhdjqka fha mgka
o,ka meje;s cd;sldNsudkh;a foaYdkqrd.h;a ksid h'
is h jia ;= k la mq r d furg meje;s foa Y dm;Hh
ksid;a Ikd wd. jHdma;sh ksid;a iajfoaYsl jQ isxy,
fn!oaO <uhd

13

kslsKs l,n

ck;djg O wNsfhda.j,g uqyqK fokav is h'

isxy, m%N+ mka;sh fnfyka u foaY md,kh is l<
k .e;s udkisl;ajhla we;af;da jQy' foaYSh wdlh
fuka u" nqoaOd.f wdNdifhka hqKq jQ wfma is;= me;=
yd jk rgdjo" ipdrh" is; ;" NdIdj yd ck
;ho flfuka flfuka cd;sl ixialD;sl .%yKfha
iev myrg yiq fjka meje;s' isxy, cd;sh wla uq,a
ke;s ck j.hla f,i flfuka msfyka isfha h'
oshqKqf fjia j<d.;a fu u cd;sl m; .eUqka
roYS j jgyd.;a f.gqj;af;a .=Kdkkao udyshka
jykafia" yslalvqf Y%S iqux., kdhl iajdkahka
jykafia" fvf mshr;k iajdkahka jykafia jeks
ix> ms;Dka jykafia,d tA jk g Ikd n,f.h
iska m%pdrhlrkq ,nka is nqoaOd.ug reoaO wi;H
u;jdoj,g f,i m%;sm%ydr ,nd foka" fn!oaO
mq k reohla we;s lrka is hy' mdKrdjdoh tys
Wp;u wjia:dj h' wfuldkq cd;sl fyka ia,a
,afld;=ud ,xldjg iem;a jkafka f mdKrd jdofha
m%;sM,hla jYfhks' ,xldf fn!oaO mqkreoh i|yd
,afld;=ud n,j;a Yla;sh ,nd ka kuq t;=ud f.a
mrukd:jd l%shdufha h h wvqmdvql ksid
f.gqj;af;a udys" yslalvqf Y%S iqux., udys jeks
fn!oaO mqkreofha mqfrda.d n,f. t;=udf.ka wE;a
jkakg h' ,afld;=ud iu t;=ud f.a l:d isxy,hg
mj;kh lrka" t u n,f.h ;=< is" tA jk g 19
jk fha is Oumd, ;reKhdg o f lreK je l,a
fkd hd jegysK'
cd;sfha mskska my< jQ Oumd, ;reKhd l=vd l, isg
uEhka f.ka ,o wd.l wdNdih ksid;a f.gqj;af;a
fn!oaO <uhd

14

kslsKs l,n

udyshka yd yslalvqf Y%S iqux., udyshka jykafia f.a

< weiqr ksid;a" ish .sys im;a w;a yer" wk.dl j
inqoaO Ydikfha wdrlaIdj yd isxy, cd;sfha iuqkak;sh
msi ish uq h u lem lrkakg wgka ler.;af;a h'
cd;sl n,f. yuqf isxy, fn!oaOhd wirK jk
wdldrh;a we;e isxy, m%N+ka Bg rel=,a fok wdldrh;a
t;=ud gqf h' ksjg j" kshd j" w,i j" .e;s j" k
j" isxy,hd cd;sl md,lhka yuqf ief,k" fj,k"
je| jefgk whqre gq t;=ud cd;shg msg fldkaola ,nd
f wjYH;dj uekeka lafla h' bx.%Sis md,lhka f.a
wOHdmkfhka cd;shg" NdIdjg yd iNH;ajhg jk ydksh
l,amkd l< Oumd,;=ud fn!oaO wOHdmkh Yla;su;a
fldg" fn!oaOhdg .e<efmk yehdj miq lr.;a
wOHdmkhla <ud mrmqrg fokakg W;aidyj;a h' tys
,d YsIH m%cdj ;=< kfjda;amdokh wdl wdl,amhka
flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrjQ whqre fmfka' cd;shg rglg
wdl wxYfhka keS isf jeo.;a lu Oumd, ,sms
f,aLkj,ska meye,s f'
,xldf cd;sldkqrd.S ka;kh" iudcfha ipdrd;aul
hy meje;au yd ck ; ;=<ska ioaOuh n, .ekau
flfrys lelal=ulska l%shd l< Oumd,;=ud oUj
fn!oaO isoaOia:dk m%;sixjOkh fldg ixrlaIKh lsu
wrnhd l< uy= fufyjr iqfYaI h' f,daljdiS ish
fn!oaOfhda u tA fjkqfjka Oumd,;=udg Kh .e;sh'
nqoO
a .hdj frd .ekSu fjkqfjka l< igk iqj hykdjl
isg l< fohla fkd f' l=ig wyrla ke;s j" ks
ke;s j" isrn;a lka" kska - wmydi -fokdj,g Ndckh
fn!oaO <uhd

15

kslsKs l,n

fjka" lsis f,ilskq tAjdg lmd fkd l< Wr igk

Oumd,;=ud f.a Ou r;ajh ms<sUq lrhs'
tA fY%aIaG r mqreIhd f.a 150 jk ckau kh iurk
fu l, wm iska l< hq;= jeo.;a u cd;sl fufyjr
jkqfha t;=uka fy<s l< wk cd;sl ka;kfhka wfma
rgg cd;shg wd.ug NdIdjg ys; we;s kj mrmqrla
ys ler.ekSu i wka fohla fkdf' t;=ud f.a ms<su
fld;r yej;a" fld;r iure uqoaor m< l<;a"
fld;r iure W;aij meje;ajqj;a hf:dala; ldh Ndrh
j. lsh hq;a;ka w;ska is fkd f k" Oumd, ;=ud
f.a Wr wruqKq yd wfmalaId wm iska u kdYhg m;a
lsula f'
f.!rjkSh .fKa.u irKxlr kdysmdKka ish
cd;sfha mshd fyj;a wk.dl Oumd, lD;sfhys
i|yka l< f,i" f rgg fj,d ;sfhk f,dl= u
m; Oumd,;=ud wu;l lsu hs" t;=uka f.a foaYkd
wu;l lsu hs" t;=ud l< fiajh wu;l lsuhs" t;=ud
fmkajQ u fkdhEu hs" t;=ud f.a woyia fkdms<smeu hs'
wjq' 47la uq,af,a rg cd;sh yd wd.u hqKq lrkq i|yd
t;=ud .;a W;aidyh .ek fkd;elSu h'
tfyhsk"a NslI
a k
Q a jykafia,d" ujqmh
s ka" .=rejreka" rdcH
md,lhka yd wfkla iudc kdhlhka rf;a cd;sfha;a
wkd.;h fjkqfjka ka ka u l< hq;= ldhh k
yefok kj mrmqrg Oumd,;=ud wkajd u h' rg cd;sh - NdIdj - wd.u /lSf om,a;=uka f.a Wr wgk
kj mrmqf yoj;a ;=< iksgqyka lrjd mK .ekau h'
n, .ekau h'
fn!oaO <uhd

16

kslsKs l,n

h<s jkq uek om,a ys i|

fmd yduqrefjda
brd ;sr i wr
n, cd;sh niska
fha ih tla fiai;a
is om,a ys ika

/r,d
mKfmdjd
lr,d
jkjd

lshkd yeufoh flrefuka

ksjgqka yg fy< wuka
l iqoaoka f.a weia lka
is om,a ys ika

fmkajd
jvjd
wrjd
jkjd

ixlr isf;ka wjmi hk

mka jekfikd cd;sh l
j ? foflys u fkd ks|d
l< uy fufyjr wkqmu f

nei
l
wj j
hi

nq ys f;jrla jeh
fy< uy kska iq/ls
lma iqjyia l,a fjd/
/l ka rejd Tnhs

isxyf,a
isxyf,a
isxyf,a
isxyf,a

o rcq kq uy fnda uev

ry;=ka je u is,a o
iiqkUf mykla
Kd ,s ,s i yeu

fijfKa
fijqfka
f,isfka
fka

t jf.a ok ksjer l<

mmd wre isy r|l= f.a
fmkajd wmyg ksjer nq
jkak iks h<s mska u
fn!oaO <uhd

17

f,o
fji
nK
fj;
kslsKs l,n

nqyq
wkq.dlfhla
isxy,hsks ke.s nqoaO.hdj frd .ks hk wd
ldy, kdo k.ka m pdldf fh is tla iufhl
foaYkdjla i|yd Y%Su;a wk.dl Oumd, ;=ud bref
ms mdi,g .sfha h' /iaj is iyY% ixLHd; krkd
.Khdyg foaYkh mj;ajkakg ierfikjd;a iu`.u
fldj bhg mefha fidf<dia ye muK
jhie;s YsIH udkjlfhls' Tyq lekakkakQ froaol=;a
iq nekshul=;a we| isfha h' fldKavh ne| isfha h'
k<, mq,a h' fk;a ma;su;a h' meyeh rkajka h'
f fudlo f@ hs <uhd foi ne wk.dlfhda
uiQy'
l fm<la lshjkak uq,a .=re f;f jyd
yqkiafkka ke`.sg ms<s;=re kafka h'
yd yd Th l iska isf,da ke kE-
;uqkakdkafiag wdYsjdo lr,d tA <uhu yej l
fm<la hhs uq,a .=re f;f h<s;a lSf h'
yQ
fn!oaO <uhd

18

kslsKs l,n

Wp WpdrKfhka yd iajr ixjrfhka hqla;j <uhd

l fm< lSf h' lshoa;a - wjidkfha ;a wk.dlhka
f.a Wjk; my<j mej;=fka m%idohls' wdkkaohls'
yQ fndfydu fyd|hs' fndfydu yshs Oumd,;=ud
mjid" jhi lSh@ hs <uhdf.ka uiqfh'
wjqre oy y;rhs
ku@
fmala is,ajd
Tkak j,aw,shd ljqo Th ku u f.dka;hd hhs
wk.dlfhda fldamfhka m%Yak fldg zWf - Wf ku
wo ysgka fmala is,ajd fkfjhs' mshi isfiak hhs
ks.ukh lf<a h'
fuh jQ l,S .;jKq wO Y;jIh uq,af,au
iajlSh wkkqlrh m%jD;a;s m;% l,dhskq .%ka:hka
f.kq fldjka f.kq wiajdNdl jd.a pd;+h
hkq ,xldjg;a isxy, cd;shg;a inqoaO Ydikhg;a
isxy, idys;Hhg;a wkqmfh wioDY fiajhla is l<
mshi isfiak uy;d m<uq fldgu tkka fn!;Siau
jQ wjia:djh'
fla' iq.;i iQka f.a wk.dl Oumd, wmkh
lD;sfhks' ^1986&

fn!oaO <uhd

19

kslsKs l,n

;% Ou llhka jykafia
kulf.a wmj;au

w,afmaP" ix> fYdaNk .=Kj,ska msmqka"

uyck;dj w;r w;sYhska m%idohg m;a jQ ;% Ou
llhdKka jykafia kula jQ luGdkdpdh"
w;s.re fodvf.dv wiai kdhl iajdkahka
jykafia f.a wmj;a u ms<sn`oj fn!oaO <uhd
f.a id;sYh ixf.h fuhska m<lr isuq' fudrgqj"
rdj;dj;af;a Y%S lOc Ndjkd uQ,ia:dkdm;s"
wurmqr ksldfha wlrK ix>kdhl moh fynejQ"
ioy jeiafika f,dl= l=vd yeu fokdf.a is;a
i;kays ieye u,a m, ire l<" w;s.re fodvf.dv
wiai kdysmdKka f.a W;= iiqka fufyjrg
Wmydr msKsi" lsm;s md;lv l=,;s,l iQka ,shQ
me lsysmhla fuys,d m< lruq'
iliq
fn!oaO <uhd

20

kslsKs l,n

kao .sys ne iqixys; jQ iS, i`..=K

ix> fYdaNk wmsia ms<sfj;a ;fmda.=K
ukao ydfika ir, iq.uj foik nK
mska fl;la jka wiai kd i` mdhq.

mQckShhs
iudkkShhs
uk kkaokShhs
jkaokShhs

kg wvishjil jr iqj`o ysod oji

;siafia
nKg - odfkg - ms;lg ys jevu fldg wfjyso jeiafia
;ekg .e<fmk nK mfoalska ;:d.; nq oyu
Tiafia
mskg oyug ksia is; fhduq lrkakhs fnd u`.g neiafia
fld;ek jeh;a t;k fik`.ls id ko fok uqksj;ska isg
ys;k fia ud nKla ke;s tl kla ke;sjez;s Wkajyka fig
l:kfhka uk n`k bh iod wms i,luq W;=
fldg
m;k nq nj uysmdKka fka f,d;=re oy ri
msg

Y%Su;a wk.dl Oumd,;=ud hhs <orejkaf.a mgka uy,a,d

f;la u iajfoaYSh foaY yeu cd;shl yd yeu rgl ckhdf.a
uqjZ. f,<ka wfkdauh kduhla we;sj iQ f uyd mqreIhdf.a
wNdjfhka isjQfha tl isxy,hl= ke;s f mdvqj fkdf'
:Hd oDIal ie fou< n, |yer hflfy,s kexjQ uyd
.d flfkla wo wmg ke;s h' foaYhkayso Y%S ioaOu
jch kxjd" mrjd i;=rka fkka k ch.;a uyd mrdl%undyq
flfkla wo wmg ke;s h' ;uka i;= ish Okh inqoaO
Ydikfha hqKqj msi ksf,daNSj fh wfkamsvq uy isgq
flfkla wo wmg ke;s h' nqoaOd.ufhys ud;D N+h jQ oUj
h<s;a Ydikh msysgqjd foaY foaYdka;rhkays Ou ;hka hejQ
OudfYdal krm;sfhla o wo wmg ke;s h' tfyhska wo wms
wkd:hy wirKhy
fyaumd, uqksi iQyq- isxy, fn!oaOhd l;=jelsfhks' ^1933 wfm%a,a&

fn!oaO <uhd

21

kslsKs l,n

isrsu;a is om,a
W;=udfKda '''
Ydia;%f mQcH l=reKE.,
prKOu iajdka jykafia isks'
fY%aIaG rjre cd;shlg ks;r my< fkd fj;s" iq,N
fkd fj;s' isxy, cd;shlg my< jQ tjka ,N .Kfha
ienE rjrfhls wk.dl Oumd, isu;dfKda' foaY
wdm;Hhg .= l,la hg;a j mej;S f uka ms yS ;s n Q
isxy,hkAf.A cd;sl" wd.l" iudh yd ixialD;sl Wreuhka
mK .ekaug;a YsIg imkak cd;shla f,i Wreu ;snQ
ipdrj;a mfrdamld jk l%uh h<s k.d isgqug;a tA
ms<sn| wNsudkh we;s lsug;a wm%;sy; ffOhfhka l%shd
l< uyd hq. mqreIfhl= f,i t;=ud ye|skaf jrola
ke;'
1864 iema;en 17 jk k w.kqjr m%isoaO jHdmdlhl=
jQ fka lfrda,sia fyajd;drK uqo,s;=udg j ieyej;a
Wmdisldjl jQ u,a,sld fyajd;drK <ud;ekS f.a l=iska
Wmka fuu msxj;a l=urejd fka f fyajd;drK k
h' ish <ud wjfha ls%ia;shdks mdi,aj, wOHdmkh ,nd
.ekSug is jQj;a foudmshka f.a ukd ufmkau wkqj ,enQ
fn!oaOd.l yqrej ksid;a fmdfydh wgis,a iudoka fuka
,enQ mqyqKqj ksid;a kshu fy< fnd orefjl= ug t;=ud
Nd.Himkak h'
fn!oaO <uhd

22

kslsKs l,n

fldgfya k m;a ; drdu ydrh iu. ;s n Q im

in|;dj;a" fyka ia,a ,al ;=ud iu`. in|;dj;a"
ish mrmqf Ok Y%u m;Hd.fhka ;ekqKq uy mshila
jQ fld<U ud<s.dlkafoa foHdaoh msfjkska ysjQ fY%aIaG
m Ks myka jQ yslalvqf Y%S iqux., kd yshka iy
fyhshka;=vqf foaj;a; yshkaf.ka ,o md,s isxy, NdId
kh;a fyajd;drK ;reKhdf.a ;h fjkia lsug
fya;=jkag we;' mrukd: iud.f ird mYS,kfhka
;j ;j;a ish kq msmdih ixis|jd .ekSug;a "kk oekqka
ikakoaO jkakg;a Wmld h' f ish ldrKdjka tAlrdYS
fuka ,o k iNdrh "mph" To jevqKq foaY jd;ai,H"
wd.ud,h fya;=fjka 1886 jk g fyajd;drK ;reKhd
ngysr ku w;yer zOumd,Z k jQ wdh isxy, kduh
,nd.;a w;r wk.dl njg o m;a h' t;eka mgka tu
;h lemjQfha isxy, cd;sh;a fn!oaOd.u;a /l.ekSu
fjkqfjks'
1981 uyd fnda iud.u msyg
s j
q d iuia; fn!oaO ck;djgu
wysj ;snQ wka;jd yska .%yKhg ,laj ;snQ nqoaO.hd
mqou frd .ekSf uyd fufyhqu wrUk ,' f w;r
cd;Hka;r jYfhka foaYk lSmhla meje;aug;a iuqj,g
iyNd.S ug ;r ffOh imkak t;r jQ Oumd,
;=udf.a iDcq p;=r jd.a ,dih ldf.a;a is;a weo .kakd iq
iajrEmhla f.k ;snqKs' fuu iDcq p;=r jd.a m%ydrhka ;=<ska
;u cd;sfha ;snQ mr.e;s pdhdjka" is;a ;a muKla fkdj
ngysr k ." we me< mjd kej; fy< ixialD;sl
wkkH;djg yev.eiSug t;=ud iu;a h'
1906 isxy, fn!oaOhd mqj;a m; wrUd k.; hq;=
lreKq kka i;sm;d m, l< ,sms fm< ;=<ska t;=uka ;=<
;snQ wdl" foaYmd,k wd lafI;%hka ms<sn|j ;snQ m<,a
fn!oaO <uhd

23

kslsKs l,n

kh;a isxy, ixialD;sh iy wd.u k.d isgqf nrm;,

wfmalaIdj;a foaYmd,k" wdl iajdk;dj ,nd .ekSf
wjYH;dj;a ukdj m%lg lr ;sf' ,xldj mqrdu foiq
mj;ajka ish cd;sh k.d isgqug mqu iy.; lemlsula
fldg ish fha mYau ld,fha 1931 is foaj;a;
Oumd, kka W;= me hg m;a jQ t;=ud 1933 wYS,
ixLHd; Wmimjg m;a h' mrys;ld .=K j,ska hq;=
fndai;a hla f.jQ is foaj;a; Oumd, ysfhdaa 1933
wfm%a,a ui 29 jk k nrKei uQ,.kaO l= ydrfha
fuf,djska kslau .shy'
fujka fY%aIaG rjrhka ysjQ rgl" cd;shl" wd.ul"
Wmka orejka f,i Tn i;= j.lSu yd hq;=lu jkafka tu
r p; j,ska ;u h fmdfydi;a lr .ekSuhs' fYaIfhka
f f. hk wk.dl Oumd, ;=ukaf.a 150 jk Wm;a
ieureu jif" tu kh fhfok iema;en 17 jk k
o isysm;a fldg Oumd, ;=uka" .sys orejkag ka w.kd
WmfoaY jQ .sys k phdj jeks oE wkq.ukh lsug fm<
.eiSuhs' WoEik wj f mgka wdydr wkqNjh jia;% we|Su
wdoS ish,a, ms<sfj,ska islrk wdldrh we;=<;a fuu phd
moaO;sh fmd;m; mYS,kfhka W.; yelsf'
j;a u ka oremrmq r g Oumd, W;= u dKka a g Wmydr
oelahyels jkafkao t;=ud mejiQ m rg cd;sh wd.u
NdIdj hk r;ak i;r /l.ekSu ;udf.a mru hq;=lu
fldg i,ld Oumd, ka;kfhka ;u h fmdfydi;a
lr.ekSfuks'

fn!oaO <uhd

24

kslsKs l,n