DESIGN OF RETAINING WALL AND FOUNDATION FOR BOUNDARY

Assumed data
Angle of Shearing resistance, = 30
Coefficient of friction between soil and concrete, = 0.5
Active Earth Pressure, Ca = (1-sin)/(1+sin) = 0.33
Passive Earth pressure, Cp = (1+sin)/(1-sin) = 3
Depth of excavation for Basement @ Plot.51 = 4 M
Depth of excavation for boundary wall footing = 1 M
Level difference of Natural Ground between Plots 50 & 51 = 0.5 M
Total depth of excavation = 5.5 M
Therefore Total height of wall = 5.5 M
Weight of saturated soil = 16 KN/M3
Preliminary Proportions
Approximate Thickness of Footing Base slab = 0.08h = 0.08x5.5 = 450mm
Assume the Thickness of wall = 300mm
Width of Base slab = 1.5(Ca/3)1/2h = 1.5(0.33/3) 1/2x5.5 = 2.75M
Width of Heel Slab including stem = 2.75/1.5 = 1.85M
Width of Toe Slab = 2.75-1.85 = 0.9M
Stability against Overturning
Force due to active pressure, Pa = Ca**h2/2 = 0.33*16*5.52/2 = 79.86 KN (per M length
of wall)
Overturning Moment Mo = Pa*h/3 = 79.86*5.5/3 = 146.5 KNM
Line of action of Resultant of Vertical forces (considering 1 M Length of wall)
Force (KN)
W1 = 16*1.85*(5.5-0.45) = 149.5
W2 = 25*0.3*(5.5-0.45) = 37.9
W3 = 25*2.75*0.45 = 30.93
W4 = 25*0.2*0.4 = 2
W5 = 18*0.2*1.4 = 5.04
W=225.37

Distance from Heel Moment (KNM)

(M)
0.925
138.30
1.7
1.375
1.65
1.65

67.73
42.53
3.3
8.32
Mw = 260.18

Distance of Resultant Vertical Force from Heel,x = Mw/W = 260.18/225.37 = 1.155 M

1

Stabilizing moment (about Toe), Mr = W(L-x) = 225.37*(2.75-1.155) = 359.47 KNM

(FS)overturning = 0.9Mr/Mo = 0.9*359.47/146.5 = 2.2 > 1.4
Hence.OK
Soil Pressure at footing base
Resultant vertical Reaction R=W= 225.37 KN (per M length of wall)
Distance of R from heel, Lr = (Mw + Mo)/R = (260.18+146.5)/225.37 = 1.81 M
Eccentricity e = Lr L/2 = 1.81 2.75/2 = 0.435 M, < L/6 = 2.75/6 = 0.46 M
Hence, the resultant lies with in the middle third of the base,
6e/L = 6*0.435/2.75 = 0.95
Qmax = R(1+ 6e/L)/L = 225.37(1+0.95)/2.75
= 160 KN/Sq.M < Qa = 200 KN/Sq.M (at 5 M from Ground Level)
Qmin = 225.37(1-0.95)/2.75 = 4.1 KN/Sq.M
Stability against Sliding
Sliding Force, Pa = 79.86 KN
Resisting Force, F = R = 0.5x225.37 = 112.7 KN
Hence, a shear key may be provided to mobilize the balance force through passive
resistance,
Assume a shear key 300x300mm, below stem
Distance, h2 = 1+0.3+0.9*tan30 = 1.82 M and h1 = 1 M
Pp = Cp**(h2^2 h1^2)/2 = 3*16*(1.82^2-1^2)/2 = 110 KN
So, (FS)sliding = 0.9(112.7+110)/79.86 = 2.5 > 1.4
Hence.OK

Design of Base slab

Overburden + surcharge @ 16 (5.5 0.45) + 3 = 83 KN/Sq.M

Heel slab @ 25x0.45 = 11.25 KN/Sq.M
w = 94.25 KN/Sq.M
The net pressure acts downwards, varying between 90.15 KN/Sq.M and 2.15 KN/Sq.M
Applying a load factor of 1.5, design forces at the face of stem,
Vu = 1.5(90.15+2.15)*1.55/2 = 107.3 KN/M
Mu = 1.5((2.15x1.55^2/2) + 88x0.5x1.55^2x2/3) = 1.5( 2.6+ 70.5) = 109.65 KNM
Nominal shear stress v = Vu/bd = 107.3x1000/(1000x367) = 0.292 N/Sq.mm
100 As/bd = 0.15
On the basis of Moment,
Mu/bd2 = 190.65x10^6/(1000x367^2) = 1.415 N/Sq.mm
100As/bd = 0.4 > 0.15 (Refering to BS-8110 Part-3: 1985 Chart-14)
(Ast)required = 0.4x1000x367/100 = 1468 Sq.mm/M length
Using T-16, spacing = 201/1468 x 1000 = 125 mm
Therefore, provide T16 @ 125 (Top & Bot) and
Provide T12 @ 200 as Longitudinal Reinforcements
Design of Retaining Wall
Height of cantilever above base slab = 5.5 0.45 = 5.05 M
Effective depth at base = 300-25-10 = 265mm
Max. design moment, Mu = 1.5(0.33x3x5.05^2/2) + 1.5(0.33x16x5.05^3/6)
= 19+170 = 189 KNM
Mu/bd^2 = 189x10^6/(1000x265^2) = 2.69 N/Sq.mm
100As/bd = 0.7 (Refering to BS-8110 Part-3: 1985 Chart-12)
As = 0.7x1000x265/100 = 1855 Sq.mm/M length
Using T16, spacing = 201/1855x1000 = 100mm c/c

Therefore Provide T16 @ 100 (Each Face) as Vertical Reinf for a height of 3 M from
base slab, for another 2.5M provide T16 @ 150 and
Provide T12 @ 200 as Horizontal Reinforcement.