Climate Change

NationalActionPlanonClimateChange
National action plan on climate change seeks to protect the poor and vulnerable sections of the
society through inclusive and sustainable development strategy sensitive to climate change. The
actionplanenvisagesdevisingefficientandcosteffectivetechnologiesforadaptationandmitigation
of greenhouse gases emissions. In doing so the action plan keeps an eye on national growth
objectives for which it devise a qualitative change within enhanced sustainability drive through
innovativeformsofmarket,vegetarianvoluntarymechanisms.Besides,theplanseekstoimplement
programsinpublicprivatepartnership,withtheparticipationoflocalgovernmentinstitutionsandcivil
society.TheplanidentifiesIndia'sspaceininternationalcooperationforresearchanddevelopment,
sharingandplansoftechnologiesunderUNFCCC'sfundingandIPRregime.
MissionsunderNAPCC
NationalSolarMission
National
Mission
for
EnhancedEnergyEfficiency

National
Mission
SustainableHabitat

on

NationalWaterMission
National
Mission
for
Sustaining the Himalayan
Ecosystem
National Mission for Green
India
National
Mission
for
SustainableAgriculture
National
Mission
Strategic Knowledge
ClimateChange

on
on

Seekstodeploy20000MWofsolarelectricitycapacityinthe
countryby2020.Thetargethasbeenrevisednowto100GW
by2022.
Creates new institutional mechanisms to enable the
development and strengthening of energy efficiency markets.
Various programmes have been initiated, including the PAT
mechanism to promote efficiency in large industries and the
SuperEfficient Equipment Programme (SEEP) to accelerate
theintroductionofdeploymentofsuperefficientappliances.
Promotes the introduction of sustainable transport energy
efficient buildings and sustainable waste management in
cities.
Promotestheintegratedmanagementofwaterresourcesand
increaseofMissionwateruseefficiencyby20percent
Establishes an observational and monitoring network for the
Himalayan environment so as to assess climate impacts on
the Himalayan glaciers and promote communitybased
managementoftheseecosystems
Seeks to afforest an additional 10 million hectare of forest
landswastelandsandcommunitylands.
Focuses on enhancing productivity and resilience of
agriculture so as to reduce vulnerability to extremes of
weather, long dry spells, Flooding and Variable Moisture
availability.
Identifieschallengesarisingfromclimatechangepromotesthe
development and diffusion of knowledge on responses to
thesechallengesintheareasofhealthdemographymigration
andlivelihoodofcoastalcommunities.

KyotoprotocoltoLimaCOP20!LongwaytoParis2015
Kyoto protocol (1997), ratified in 2005 made it mandatory for 37 rich in industrialised countries to
reducetheirgreenhousegasemissionsfromthe1992levelsbyaspecifiedamount.Eventhoughthe
firstcommitmentperiodhasexpiredin2012,theprotocolprovedtobeineffectiveandinadequatein
dealing with increasing greenhouse gas emissions. Later, on a mission to reduce greenhouse gas
emissionstheBaliconferenceof2007identifiedfourbasicelementsorbuildingblocksforaclimate
agreementMitigation or Emission Reduction, Adaptation, Transfer of Technology and Finance.
Further the Cancun meeting in 2010 called for the participation of all countries in the emission
reductionregime.TheDohaconferenceof2012latertookadecisionthataglobalclimateagreement
should be reached by 2015 Paris conference. The 20th Conference of Parties to United Nations

Framework Convention on Climate Change (1994) was held in Lima, Peru in December 2014. The
discussionsonLimawereprimarilytocreatethebuildingblocksfortheenvisagedclimateagreement
tobesignedinParis2015.

TheIndianStand
Indian is now the fourth largest emitter of greenhouse gases behind China, United States and
EuropeanUnion.TheKyotoprotocolrequiredemissioncutsonlyfromafewcountriesandIndiawas
exempted then. Also the UNFCCC has mandated a Common but Differentiated Responsibility and
Respective Capabilities regarding the emission cuts. Although there is a growing concern about
India's rising emission India negotiates keeping CBDR and principal of equity in mind. Indian is
vociferous against mandatory emission cuts as it objects its responsibility for the current level of
GHGsaccumulatedsoinlasthundredyears.Citingpovertyandtheneedtoupliftaboutonethirdof
its population out of it, India stands for more space in mitigating the emission through adoption of
renewableenergymethods.Todoso,Indiacallsfortransferoftechnologyandflowoffundsfromthe
developednationsonbehalfofdevelopingcountries.
InternationalconventionsonClimatechange
ViennaConventionfortheProtectionoftheOzoneLayer
MontrealProtocolonsubstancesthatdepletetheOzoneLayer
UNFrameworkconventiononClimateChange
KyotoprotocoltotheUNFCCC
NairobiamendmenttoAnnexureBofKyotoprotocol

1985
1987
1992
1997
2006

IPCCassessmentreport
ThefifthofassessmentreportofIPCChasemphasisedupontheimmediateneedofadoptinglowor
zerocarbonenergysupplysystemslikerenewablestolimittheincreaseoftemperaturebelow2Cby
theendofthecentury.Ithasmaintainedthatuseofrenewablesshouldbetripledorquadrupledatthe
global level. Imminent is a prospect of growth in renewable energy technology and products, from
which India can benefit on its path of growth. Multiple benefits including higher energy security and
probable market opportunities for Indian producers and marketers are on the anvil. Currently Indian
haslauncheditsNationalSolarEnergyMissionwithatargetof20,000MWofinstalledsolarcapacity
inthedecadeandarevisedtargetof100GWby2022.