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Experiment No.

1
COMPACTION TEST
1. Objective(s):
The activity aims to introduce the concept of compaction and the relationship of moisture content
to the dry unit weight of the soil.
2. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):
The students shall be able to:
Connect the significance of compaction test in other properties of soil.
determine the relative density of soils by compaction test.
describe the use of water in relation to the dry density of the soil.
3. Discussion:
Soil Compaction is generally the cheapest method of improving the engineering properties of the
soil. In compaction, the soil solids are forced to a tighter state in order to achieve a higher unit weight and
reduce the air voids.
The process of compaction is better understood by comprehension of the behavior of a soil mass
under compaction. In a dry condition, the frictional resistance of the soil would resist granular
rearrangement; therefore, the compacting force is not quite effective. Introduction of a lubricant such as a
predetermined amount of water is mixed, would then be absorbed by soil particles, forming minutely thin
and coherent water films around the particles. In this condition, the soil particles will readily move closer
together under the compacting pressure due to the lubricating effect of water and reduced frictional
resistance. When a certain amount of water, called the optimum, has been added, the compacting force
completely overcomes the frictional resistance and maximum density of the soil mass is attained.
4. Resources:
1. Compaction mold and hammer
2. Moisture sprayer
3. No. 4 sieve
4. Rubbed tipped pestle
5. Scoop
6. Spatula
7. Large mixing pan
8. Balance
9. Drying oven
5. Procedure:
Weigh the empty mold.
Obtain a 6 lb. representative specimen of the soil sample to be tested. Break sample with the
use of rubber pestle and pass through No. 4 sieve.
Form a 2 to 3 inch layer using the soil passing though No. 4 sieve.
Press soil until it is smooth and compact it with a specific number of evenly distributed blows of
the hammer, using a one foot drop. Rotate the hammer to ensure a uniform distribution of blows.
Repeat the same procedure for the second and third layers seeing to it that a uniform distribution
of blows.

After compaction of the third layer the soil should be slightly above the top rim of the mold.
Remove the collar and trim off the soil from the top of the mold. Tart trimming along the center
and work towards end of the mold.
After the soil has been made even with the top of the mold and all base soil cleaned from the
outside, weigh the cylinder sample to 10 lb.
Remove the soil from cylinder and obtain a representative sample of 50gm for a water content
determination. The water content sample should be made up with specimens from the top,
middle and bottom of the compacted soil.
Break up by hand then removed from the cylinder and remix with the original sample and raise
its water content by 3% by adding water to the sample with sprayer. Mix the soil thoroughly. By
weighing the sprayer before and after the spraying, the amount of water added is known.
Keep repeating the procedures for 5 to six times until soil is sticky. Use 3% approximate water
content.
Compute dry density of each sample and plot the compaction curve. Determine the Optimum
Moisture Content of the sample.

6. Data and Results: (1st experiment Foundation)


Description
water
Weight of
mold (Wm)
Weight of
mold +
compacted
soil (Wm+s)
Weight of
compacted
soil (Ws)
Volume of
Mold
Wet Unit
Weight ( wet)
Wt of tin cup
(Wc)
Wt. of tin cup
+ Wet Soil
(Wc+ws)
Wt. of tin cup
and dry soil
(Wc+dc)
Wt. of water
(Ww)
Wt. of dry soil

Determination of Optimum Moisture Content


Sample 1
Sample 2
Sample 3
Sample 4
100ml
50 ml
50 ml
100 ml
3842 g

Sample 5
100 ml

3842 g

3842 g

3842 g

3842 g

5232 g

5316 g

5396 g

5526 g

5474 g

1390 g

1474 g

1554 g

1684 g

1632 g

985405 mm3

985405 mm3

985405 mm3

985405 mm3

1411 kg/m3

1496 kg/m3

1577 kg/m3

1709 kg/m3

1656 kg/m3

22 g

21 g

20 g

22 g

19 g

72 g

71 g

70 g

72 g

69 g

64 g

61 g

60 g

60 g

56 g

8g

10 g

10 g

12 g

13 g

42 g

40 g

40 g

38 g

37 g

985405 mm3

(Wds)
Water
Content ()
Dry unit
weight ( dry)
Optimum
Moisture
Content
(OMC)

16%

20%

20%

24%

26%

1216.38 kg/m3

1246.67kg/m3

1314.17kg/m3

1378.23 kg/m3

1314.29 kg/m3

26%

Dimension of mold: diameter=10.4cm, height=11.6

Compaction Curve:

COMPACTION CURVE
1400
1350
1300
1250
1200
1150
1100
0

7. Conclusion:
By the end of the experiment, we therefore conclude that the optimum moisture content of soil at which the
maximum dry unit weight can be attained as a result of a given compaction effort.

8. Assessment (Rubric for Laboratory Performance):


Performance
indicator
Identify the
procedures
involved in
designing the
experiment

Beginner
1

Acceptable
Proficient
2
3
Designs an
Designs an
Fails to design an experiment satisfying
experiment
experiment following
the minimum
exceeding the
procedures
requirements of the requirements of the
procedures
procedures
Develops a protocol
Develops a protocol
to conduct an
Develop a protocol Fails to develop a
to conduct an
experiment
to conduct an
protocol to conduct experiment satisfying
exceeding the
experiment
an experiment
the minimum
minimum
requirements
requirements
Total Score
Mean score=(Total Score/2)
Percentage Score= (Total Score/6) x 100%

Score

9. References
Murthy, V.N.S. (2011). Textbook of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Singapore: Alken Company
American Society for Testing and Materials (2000). Standard Test Method for Laboratory Compaction
Characteristics using Standard Effort (D-698). Pennsylvania: ASTM International
American Society for Testing and Materials (2000). Standard Test Method for Laboratory Compaction
Characteristics using Modified Effort (D-1557). Pennsylvania: ASTM International

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