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Abstract: The dielectric response function of an circuit of an insulation system and the measured
electric insulation system can be determined by the currents during insulation resistance test according to
measurement of the polarization and depolarization [1].
current (PDC). Beside partial discharge and dissipation
factor measurements the time domain dielectric The total current of insulation resistance measurements
response function can be taken to gain information is the sum of leakage, conductance, capacitance and
about the aging process and the condition of the absorption current, according to equation {1}. The
insulation medium. The best results for the condition quantitative characteristic of each is illustrated in
evaluation can be achieved at the frequency domain figure 2.
description in the shape of the complex capacitance and
dissipation factor. For this reason the dielectric response I T = IC + IG + IL + IA …{1}
function has to be converted with the Discrete Fourier
Transformation (DFT).
IA = K. t –n …{2}
IA … absorption Current
K … function (insulation system, test voltage)
t … time of applied direct voltage
n … characteristic function of insulation system
Figure 1: Equivalent circuit and DC currents for
insulation systems [1] The absorption current consists of two components,
which are due to the polarization of the impregnating
The most popular dielectric measurements were materials and the gradual drift of electrons and ions
dissipation factor, insulation resistance (polarization through most organic materials. Organic molecules,
index) and partial discharge test. Beside these there such as epoxy, polyester, and asphalt, tend to change
were also the absorption (polarization) current, orientation in the presence of a direct electric field. It
conduction current, geometric capacitance current and usually takes several minutes after application of the
surface leakage current. Figure 1 shows the equivalent electric field for the molecules to become reoriented.
1
Proceedings of the XIVth International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering,
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, August 25-29, 2005
H-07
2
Proceedings of the XIVth International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering,
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, August 25-29, 2005
H-07
and condition or residual disruptive strength of the higher temperature disturbs the orientation process as
insulation medium, but all this expectations could not well as the dipoles can not follow the field at high
be fulfilled, no physical parameter is known which can frequencies [5]. The parallel linked Ri and Ci describe
represents an absolute parameter. For this reason the further polarization effects, Ri delays the polarisation
dielectric parameter κ and εr´ were taken into account and depolarisation processes of the serial linked Ci.
for the evaluation of the measurements.
Test Objects and Measurements
Test Voltage
CX Measuring Air Gap
Electrode
This equivalent circuit meets the theory of the Maxwell Diagram 1: Depolarization Currents
two-layer model: The dissipation factor is dependant on
the temperature and the power frequency for a dielectric In diagram 2 the insulation resistances of the same
with orientation polarization; a temperature rise is generator bar were shown in dependence of load and
equivalent to a decrease of the power frequency. A measuring time. The Resistances were calculated:
3
Proceedings of the XIVth International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering,
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, August 25-29, 2005
H-07
Conclusions