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AsianDevelopmentBank

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AsianDevelopmentBank

ADBlogo
FightingpovertyinAsiaandthe
Motto
Pacific
Formation
22August1966
Type
Regionalorganization
Legalstatus
Treaty
Purpose
Crediting
MandaluyongCity,MetroManila,
Headquarters
Philippines
Region
served

AsiaPacific

Membership

67countries

President

TakehikoNakao

Mainorgan

BoardofDirectors[1]

Staff
Website

3,051[2]
http://www.adb.org

AsianDevelopmentBankmemberstates
Outsideregions
AsiaPacificregion
TheAsianDevelopmentBank(ADB)isaregionaldevelopmentbankestablishedon22August1966
whichisheadquarteredinMetroManila,Philippines,tofacilitateeconomicdevelopmentinAsia.[3]The
bankadmitsthemembersoftheUnitedNationsEconomicandSocialCommissionforAsiaandthe
Pacific(UNESCAP,formerlytheEconomicCommissionforAsiaandtheFarEastorECAFE)andnon
regionaldevelopedcountries.[3]From31membersatitsestablishment,ADBnowhas67members,of
which48arefromwithinAsiaandthePacificand19outside.TheADBwasmodeledcloselyonthe
WorldBank,andhasasimilarweightedvotingsystemwherevotesaredistributedinproportionwith
members'capitalsubscriptions.Since2014,ADBreleasesannualreportofCreativeProductivityIndex
andcomparativelyincludesFinlandandUnitedStatesforthelistofAsiaPacificmembers.[4][5]
Attheendof2013,Japanholdsthelargestproportionofsharesat15.67%.TheUnitedStatesholds
15.56%,Chinaholds6.47%,Indiaholds6.36%,andAustraliaholds5.81%.[6]

Contents
[hide]

1Organization
1.1Listofpresidents
2History
2.119621972
2.219721986
2.3Since1986
3Lending
4Notableprojectsandtechnicalassistance
5Effectiveness
6Criticism
7UnitedNationsDevelopmentBusiness
8Strategy2020
9Listof20LargestCountriesandRegionsbySubscribedCapitalandVotingPower
10Members
11Seealso
12References
13Externallinks

Organization[edit]

ADBHeadquartersinMandaluyongCity,
Philippines
ThehighestpolicymakingbodyofthebankistheBoardofGovernors,composedofonerepresentative
fromeachmemberstate.TheBoardofGovernors,inturn,electamongthemselvesthetwelvemembers
oftheBoardandtheirdeputy.Eightofthetwelvememberscomefromregional(AsiaPacific)members
whiletheotherscomefromnonregionalmembers.
TheBoardofGovernorsalsoelectthebank'spresident,whoisthechairpersonoftheBoardofDirectors
andmanagesADB.Thepresidenthasatermofofficelastingfiveyears,andmaybereelected.
Traditionally,andbecauseJapanisoneofthelargestshareholdersofthebank,thepresidenthasalways
beenJapanese.
ThemostrecentpresidentwasTakehikoNakao,whosucceededHaruhikoKurodain2013.[7]
Theheadquartersofthebankisat6ADBAvenue,MandaluyongCity,MetroManila,Philippines,[8][9]
andithasrepresentativeofficesaroundtheworld.Thebankemploys3,051people,ofwhich1,463
(48%)arefromthePhilippines.[2]

Listofpresidents[edit]
Name
Dates Nationality
TakeshiWatanabe 19661972
Japan
ShiroInoue
19721976
Japan
TaroichiYoshida
19761981
Japan
MasaoFujioka
19811989
Japan
KimimasaTarumizu 19891993
Japan
MitsuoSato
19931999
Japan
TadaoChino
19992005
Japan

HaruhikoKuroda
TakehikoNakao

20052013
2013

Japan
Japan

History[edit]
19621972[edit]
TheconceptofaregionalbankwasformallymootedatatradeconferenceorganizedbytheEconomic
CommissionforAsiaandtheFarEast(ECAFE)in1963byayoungThaibanker,PaulSithiAmnuai,for
developingintraregionaltrade.(ESCAP,UnitedNationsPublicationMarch2007,"Thefirstparliament
ofAsia"pp.65)OncetheADBwasfoundedin1966,Japantookaprominentpositioninthebankit
receivedthepresidencyandsomeothercrucial"reservepositions"suchasthedirectorofthe
administrationdepartment.Bytheendof1972,Japancontributed$173.7million(22.6%ofthetotal)to
theordinarycapitalresourcesand$122.6million(59.6%ofthetotal)tothespecialfunds.Incontrast,the
UnitedStatescontributedonly$1.25millionforthespecialfund.[3]
TheADBservedJapan'seconomicinterestsbecauseitsloanswentlargelytoIndonesia,Thailand,
Malaysia,SouthKoreaandthePhilippines,thecountrieswithwhichJapanhadcrucialtradingtiesthese
nationsaccountedfor78.48%ofthetotalADBloansbetween1967and1972.Moreover,Japanreceived
tangiblebenefits,41.67%ofthetotalprocurementsbetween1967and1976.Japantieditsspecialfunds
contributionstoitspreferredsectorsandregionsandprocurementsofitsgoodsandservices,asreflected
inits$100milliondonationfortheAgriculturalSpecialFundinApril1968.[3]
TakeshiWatanabeservedasthefirstADBpresidentfrom1966to1972.

19721986[edit]
Japan'sshareofcumulativecontributionsincreasedfrom30.4%in1972to35.5%in1981and41.9%in
1986.Inaddition,JapanwasacrucialsourceofADBborrowing,29.4%(outof$6,729.1million)in
197386,comparedto45.1%fromEuropeand12.9%fromtheUnitedStates.JapanesepresidentsInoue
Shiro(197276)andYoshidaTaroichi(197681)tookthespotlight.FujiokaMasao,thefourthpresident
(198190),adoptedanassertiveleadershipstyle.HeannouncedanambitiousplantoexpandtheADB
intoahighimpactdevelopmentagency.Hisplanandbankingphilosophyledtoincreasingfrictionwith
theU.S.directors,withopencriticismfromtheAmericansatthe1985annualmeeting.[3]
DuringthisperiodtherewasastrongparallelinstitutionaltiebetweentheADBandtheJapanese
MinistryofFinance,particularlytheInternationalFinanceBureau(IFB).

Since1986[edit]
Japan'sshareofcumulativecontributionsincreasedfrom41.9%in1986to50.0%in1993.Inaddition,
JapanhasbeenacruciallendertotheADB,30.4%ofthetotalin198793,comparedto39.8%from
Europeand11.7%fromtheUnitedStates.However,differentfromthepreviousperiod,Japanhas
becomemoreassertivesincethemid1980s.Japan'splanwastousetheADBasaconduitforrecycling
itshugesurpluscapitalanda"catalyst"forattractingprivateJapanesecapitaltotheregion.Afterthe
1985PlazaAccord,JapanesemanufacturerswerepushedbyhighyentomovetoSoutheastAsia.The
ADBplayedaroleinchannelingJapaneseprivatecapitaltoAsiabyimprovinglocalinfrastructure.[3]
TheADBalsocommitteditselftoincreasingloansforsocialissuessuchaseducation,healthand
population,urbandevelopmentandenvironment,to40%ofitstotalloansfromaround30%atthetime.
[3]

Lending[edit]
TheADBoffers"hard"loansfromordinarycapitalresources(OCR)oncommercialterms,andtheAsian
DevelopmentFund(ADF)affiliatedwiththeADBextends"soft"loansfromspecialfundresourceswith
concessionalconditions.ForOCR,memberssubscribecapital,includingpaidinandcallableelements,a
50%paidinratiofortheinitialsubscription,5%fortheThirdGeneralCapitalIncrease(GCI)in1983
and2%fortheFourthGeneralCapitalIncreasein1994.TheADBborrowsfrominternationalcapital
marketswithitscapitalasguarantee.[3]
In2009,ADBobtainedmembercontributionsforitsFifthGeneralCapitalIncreaseof200%,inresponse
toacallbyG20leaderstoincreaseresourcesofmultilateraldevelopmentbankssoastosupportgrowth

indevelopingcountriesamidtheglobalfinancialcrisis.For2010and2011,a200%GCIallowslending
of$12.5billionto13billionin2010andabout$11billionin2011.[10]Withthisincrease,thebank's
capitalbasetripledfrom$55billionto$165billion.[11]

Notableprojectsandtechnicalassistance[edit]
ThisSourcemaycontainimproperreferencestoselfpublishedsources.Pleasehelp
improveitbyremovingreferencestounreliablesources,wheretheyareusedinappropriately.
(September2010)

AfghanDiasporaProject[citationneeded]
FundingUtahStateUniversityledprojectstobringlaborskillsinThailand[citationneeded]
EarthquakeandTsunamiEmergencySupportProjectinIndonesia[citationneeded]
GreaterMekongSubregionalProgram[12]
ROCPingHuOffshoreOilandGasDevelopment[citationneeded]
StrategicPrivateSectorPartnershipsforUrbanPovertyReductioninthePhilippines[citationneeded]
TransAfghanistanGasPipelineFeasibilityAssessment[citationneeded]
Loanof$1.2billiontobailitoutofanimpendingeconomiccrisisinPakistanandongoingfunding
forthecountriesgrowingenergyneeds,specificallyHydropowerprojects
Microfinancesupportforprivateenterprises,inconjunctionwithgovernments,includingPakistan
andIndia.[citationneeded]
TheYichangWanzhouRailwayprojectinthemountainousareaofwesternHubeiProvinceand
northeasternChongqingMunicipality,China.(AUS$500millionloan,approvedin2003.)[13]
UlaanbaatarAirportandNationalAirNavigationDevelopmentProjects:ChinggisKhaan
InternationalAirport[14]
ColomboHarbourExpansionProject[15]
AsiaClimatePartners,ajointventurebetweenADB,ORIXCorporation,andRobecoInstitutional
AssetManagement,thatfundsgreenenergyprojects.[16]

Effectiveness[edit]
ThisSourcemaycontainimproperreferencestoselfpublishedsources.Pleasehelp
improveitbyremovingreferencestounreliablesources,wheretheyareusedinappropriately.
(September2010)

GivenADB'sannuallendingvolume,thereturnoninvestmentinlessonlearningforoperationaland
developmentalimpactishigh,andmaximizingitisalegitimateconcern.AllprojectsfundedbyADBare
evaluatedtofindoutwhatresultsarebeingachieved,whatimprovementsshouldbeconsidered,andwhat
isbeinglearned.
Therearetwotypesofevaluation:independentandselfevaluation.Selfevaluationisconductedbythe
unitsresponsiblefordesigningandimplementingcountrystrategies,programs,projects,ortechnical
assistanceactivities.Itcomprisesseveralinstruments,includingproject/programperformancereports,
midtermreviewreports,technicalassistanceorproject/programcompletionreports,andcountryportfolio
reviews.Allprojectsareselfevaluatedbytherelevantunitsinaprojectcompletionreport.ADBs
projectcompletionreportsarepubliclydisclosedonADBswebsite.Clientgovernmentsarerequiredto
preparetheirownprojectcompletionreports.
Independentevaluationisafoundationblockoforganizationallearning:Itisessentialtotransfer
increasedamountsofrelevantandhighqualityknowledgefromexperienceintothehandsofpolicy
makers,designers,andimplementers.ADBsIndependentEvaluationDepartment(IED)[17]conducts
systematicandimpartialassessmentofpolicies,strategies,countryprograms,andprojects,including
theirdesign,implementation,results,andassociatedbusinessprocessestodeterminetheirrelevance,
effectiveness,efficiency,andsustainabilityfollowingprescribedmethodsandguidelines.[18]Italso
validatesselfevaluations.Bythisprocessofevaluation,ADBdemonstratesthreeelementsofgood
governance:accountability,byassessingtheeffectivenessofADB'soperationstransparency,by
independentlyreviewingoperationsandpubliclyreportingfindingsandrecommendationsandimproved
performance,byhelpingADBanditsclientslearnfromexperiencetoenhanceongoingandfuture
operations.

OperationsevaluationhaschangedfromthebeginningsofevaluationinADBin1978.Initially,thefocus
wasonassessingaftercompletiontheextenttowhichprojectshadachievedtheirexpectedeconomicand
socialbenefits.Operationsevaluationnowshapesdecisionmakingthroughouttheprojectcycleandin
ADBasawhole.Sincetheestablishmentofitsindependencein2004,IEDreportsdirectlytoADBs
BoardofDirectorsthroughtheBoard'sDevelopmentEffectivenessCommittee.Behavioralautonomy,
avoidanceofconflictsofinterest,insulationfromexternalinfluence,andorganizationalindependence
havemadeevaluationadedicatedtoolgovernedbytheprinciplesofusefulness,credibility,
transparency,andindependenceforgreateraccountabilityandmakingdevelopmentassistancework
better.IndependentEvaluationattheAsianDevelopmentBankpresentsaperspectiveofevaluationin
ADBfromthebeginningsandlookstoafutureinwhichknowledgemanagementplaysanincreasingly
importantrole.[19]
Inrecentyears,[when?]therehasbeenamajorshiftinthenatureofIED'sworkprogramfroma
dominanceofevaluationsofindividualprojectstoonefocusingonbroaderandmorestrategicstudies.
Toselectprioritytopicsforevaluationstudies,IEDseeksinputfromtheDevelopmentEffectiveness
Committee,ADBManagement,andtheheadsofADBdepartmentsandoffices.Thecurrentthrustsareto
improvethequalityofevaluationsbyusingmorerobustmethodologiesgiveprioritytocountry/sector
assistanceprogramevaluationsincreasethenumberofjointevaluationsvalidateselfevaluationsto
shortenthelearningcycleconductmorerigorousimpactevaluationsdevelopevaluationcapacity,both
inADBandinDMCspromoteportfolioperformanceevaluatebusinessprocessesanddisseminate
findingsandrecommendationsandensuretheiruse.IED'sworkprogramhasalsobeenreinterpretedto
emphasizeorganizationallearninginamoreclearlydefinedresultsarchitectureandresultsframework.It
entailsconductinganddisseminatingstrategicevaluations(inconsultationwithstakeholders),[20]
harmonizingperformanceindicatorsandevaluationmethodologies,anddevelopingcapacityin
evaluationandevaluativethinking.[21]AllevaluationstudiesarepubliclydisclosedonIED'swebsite
(someevaluationsofprivatesectoroperationsareredactedtoprotectcommerciallyconfidential
information).[22]IED'sevaluationresourcesaredisplayedbyresourcetype,topic,regionandcountry,
anddate.[23]LearningsarealsogatheredinanonlineEvaluationInformationSystemofferingadatabase
oflessons,recommendations,andADBManagementresponsestothese.[24]Detailsofongoing
evaluationsandupdatesontheirprogressaremadepublictoo.[25]
Beginning2006,actingwithintheknowledgemanagementframeworkofADB,IEDhasapplied
knowledgemanagementtolessonlearning,usingknowledgeperformancemetrics.
LearningLessonsinADBsetsthestrategicframeworkforknowledgemanagementinoperations
evaluation.[26]ImprovementshavebeenmadethatholdpromisenotonlyinIEDbut,moreimportantly,
visvisitsinterfaceswithotherdepartmentsandofficesinADB,developingmembercountries,andthe
internationalevaluationcommunity.Inthemediumterm,IEDwillcontinuetoimprovethe
organizationalculture,managementsystem,businessprocesses,informationtechnologysolutions,
communityofpractice,andexternalrelationsandnetworkingforlessonlearning.Amongthenew
knowledgeproductsandservicesdeveloped,LearningCurvesarebriefreferencesdesignedtofeed
findingsandrecommendationsfromevaluationtoabroaderrangeofclients[27]EvaluationNewsreport
oneventsinmonitoringandevaluation.EvaluationPresentationsoffershortphotographicorPowerPoint
displaysonevaluationtopics.AuditingtheLessonsArchitecturehighlightsthecontributionthat
knowledgeauditscanmaketoorganizationallearningandhealth.[28]
Ofthe1,106ADBfundedprojectsevaluatedandratedasofDecember2007,65%wereassessedas
successful,27%partlysuccessful,and8%asunsuccessful.[citationneeded]

Criticism[edit]
SincetheADB'searlydays,criticshavechargedthatthetwomajordonors,JapanandtheUnitedStates,
havehadextensiveinfluenceoverlending,policyandstaffingdecisions.[29]
OxfamAustraliahascriticizedtheAsianDevelopmentBankofinsensitivitytolocalcommunities.
"Operatingataglobalandinternationallevel,thesebankscanunderminepeople'shumanrightsthrough
projectsthathavedetrimentaloutcomesforpoorandmarginalizedcommunities."[30]Thebankalso
receivedcriticismfromtheUnitedNationsEnvironmentalProgram,statinginareportthat"muchofthe
growthhasbypassedmorethan70percentofitsruralpopulation,manyofwhomaredirectlydependent
onnaturalresourcesforlivelihoodsandincomes."[31]
TherehadbeencriticismthatADB'slargescaleprojectscausesocialandenvironmentaldamagedueto

lackofoversight.OneofthemostcontroversialADBrelatedprojectsisThailand'sMaeMohcoalfired
powerstation.EnvironmentalandhumanrightsactivistssayADB'senvironmentalsafeguardspolicyas
wellaspoliciesforindigenouspeoplesandinvoluntaryresettlement,whileusuallyuptointernational
standardsonpaper,areoftenignoredinpractice,aretoovagueorweaktobeeffective,oraresimplynot
enforcedbybankofficials.[32][33]
Thebankhasbeencriticizedoveritsroleandrelevanceinthefoodcrisis.TheADBhasbeenaccusedby
civilsocietyofignoringwarningsleadingupthecrisisandalsocontributingtoitbypushingloan
conditionsthatmanysayunfairlypressuregovernmentstoderegulateandprivatizeagriculture,leading
toproblemssuchasthericesupplyshortageinSoutheastAsia.[34]
ThebankhasalsobeencriticizedbyVietnamWarveteransforfundingprojectsinLaos,becauseofthe
UnitedStates'15%stakeinthebank,underwrittenbytaxes.[35]Laosbecameacommunistcountryafter
theU.S.withdrewfromVietnam,andtheLaotianCivilWarwaswonbythePathetLao,whichiswidely
understoodtohavebeensupportedbytheNorthVietnameseArmy.
In2009,thebankendorseda$2.9billionfundingstrategyforproposedprojectsinIndia.Theprojectsin
thisstrategywereonlyindicativeandstillneededtobefurtherapprovedbythebank'sboardofdirectors
however,PRCForeignMinistryspokesmanQinGangclaimed,"TheAsianDevelopmentBank,
regardlessofthemajorconcernsofChina,approvedtheIndiaCountryPartnershipstrategywhich
involvestheterritorialdisputebetweenChinaandIndia.Chinaexpressesitsstrongdissatisfactionover
this....Thebank'smovenotonlyseriouslytarnishesitsownname,butalsounderminestheinterestsofits
members."[36]

UnitedNationsDevelopmentBusiness[edit]
TheUnitedNationslaunchedDevelopmentBusinessin1978withthesupportoftheAsianDevelopment
Bank,theWorldBank,andmanyothermajordevelopmentbanksfromaroundtheworld.Today,
DevelopmentBusinessistheprimarypublicationforallmajormultilateraldevelopmentbanks,United
Nationsagencies,andseveralnationalgovernments,manyofwhomhavemadethepublicationoftheir
tendersandcontractsinDevelopmentBusinessamandatoryrequirement.[37]

Strategy2020[edit]
Strategy2020isTheLongTermStrategicFrameworkoftheAsianDevelopmentandwidestrategic
frameworktoguideallitsoperationsto2020.

Listof20LargestCountriesandRegionsbySubscribedCapital
andVotingPower[edit]
Thefollowingtableareamountsfor20largestcountriesbysubscribedcapitalandvotingpoweratthe
AsianDevelopmentBankasofDecember2013[6]
The20LargestCountriesbySubscribedCapitalandVotingPowerattheAsianDevelopmentBank
SubscribedCapital
VotingPower
Rank
Country
Rank
Country
(%ofTotal)
(%ofTotal)
World
100.000
World
100.000
1
15.670
15.718
Japan
EuropeanUnion
2
UnitedStates
15.560
1
12.835
Japan
European
14.427
2
UnitedStates
12.747
Union
3
6.470
3
5.474
China
China
4
6.357
4
5.384
India
India
5
Australia
5.810
5
Australia
4.946
6
Canada
5.252
6
Canada
4.500
7
5.173
7
4.437
Indonesia
Indonesia
8
9
10

SouthKorea
Germany
Malaysia

5.058
4.344
2.734

8
9
10

SouthKorea
Germany
Malaysia

4.345
3.773
2.486

10
11
12
13

Malaysia
Philippines
France
Pakistan
United
14
Kingdom
15
Italy
16
NewZealand
17
Thailand
18
Taipei,China
19
Netherlands
20
Bangladesh

2.734
2.392
2.337
2.187

10
11
12
13

Malaysia
Philippines
France
Pakistan

2.486
2.212
2.168
2.048

2.051

14

UnitedKingdom

1.939

1.815
1.542
1.367
1.094
1.030
1.025

15
16
17
18
19
20

Italy
NewZealand
Thailand
Taipei,China
Netherlands
Bangladesh

1.750
1.532
1.392
1.173
1.122
1.119

Members[edit]

AsianDevelopmentBankDeveloping
MemberCountries(DMC)graduation
stages[38]
Outsideregions
AsiaPacificregiondevelopedmembers
DMCgraduatedfromassistance,Group
D
OrdinaryCapitalResources(OCR)
financing,GroupC
OCRandADFblendedfinancing,Group
B
AsianDevelopmentFund(ADF)
financing,GroupA
ADBhas67members(asof2February2007):48membersfromtheAsianandPacificRegion,19
membersfromOtherRegions.[6]NotablenonmembersareBahrain,Iran,Iraq,Jordan,Kuwait,Lebanon,
NorthKorea,Oman,Qatar,SaudiArabia,theUnitedArabEmirates,andYemen.Namesareas
recognizedbyADB.
Theyearafteramember'snameindicatestheyearofmembership.Atthetimeacountryceasestobea
member,theBankshallarrangefortherepurchaseofsuchcountry'ssharesbytheBankasapartofthe
settlementofaccountswithsuchcountryinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofparagraphs3and4of
Article43.[39]
Country
Afghanistan
Australia
Cambodia
India
Indonesia
Japan
Korea,Republicof
LaoPeople'sDemocratic

Dateof
Accession
1966
1966
1966
1966
1966
1966
1966
1966

Country
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Denmark
Finland
Germany[45]
Italy
Netherlands

Dateof
Accession
1966
1966
1966
1966
1966
1966
1966
1966

Republic[40]
Malaysia
Nepal
NewZealand
Pakistan
Philippines
Samoa
Singapore
SriLanka
Taipei,China[41][42]
Thailand

1966
1966
1966
1966
1966
1966
1966
1966
1966
1966

VietNam,SocialistRepublicof[43] 1966
1969
HongKong,China[44]
Fiji
1970
1971
PapuaNewGuinea
Tonga
1972
Bangladesh
1973
1973
Burma
SolomonIslands
1973
Kiribati
1974
CookIslands
1976
1978
Maldives
Vanuatu
1981
1982
Bhutan
1986
China,People'sRepublicof
MarshallIslands
1990
Micronesia,FederatedStatesof
1990
Mongolia
1991
Nauru
1991
Tuvalu
1993
Kazakhstan
1994
KyrgyzRepublic
1994
Uzbekistan
1995
Tajikistan
1998
Azerbaijan
1999
2000
Turkmenistan
TimorLeste
2002
Palau
2003
Armenia
2005
BruneiDarussalam
2006
2007
Georgia

Seealso[edit]
AsianInfrastructureInvestmentBank(AIIB)
AsianDevelopmentBankInstitute(ADBI)
AfricanDevelopmentBank
AsiaCooperationDialogue
AsianClearingUnion
InternationalMonetaryFund
WorldBank
SouthAsiaSubregionalEconomicCooperation

Norway
Sweden
United
Kingdom
UnitedStates
Switzerland
France
Spain
Turkey
Portugal
Luxembourg
Ireland

1966
1966
1966
1966
1967
1970
1986
1991
2002
2003
2006

References[edit]
1. About:Management,adb.org.
2. ADBAnnualReport2013ManagementandStaffRepresentation
3. Ming,Wan(Winter19951996)."JapanandtheAsianDevelopmentBank".PacificAffairs
(UniversityofBritishColumbia)68(4):509528.doi:10.2307/2761274.JSTOR2761274.
4. http://www.adb.org/publications/creativeproductivityindexanalysingcreativityandinnovation
asia
5. http://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/59586/creativeproductivityindex_0.pdf
6. Members,CapitalStock,andVotingPower(December2013)
7. NewADBPresidentTakehikoNakaoAssumesOffice
8. "Contacts."(Archive)AsianDevelopmentBank.RetrievedonApril21,2015."6ADBAvenue,
MandaluyongCity1550,Philippines"
9. "Contacts:HowtoVisitADB."(Archive)AsianDevelopmentBank.RetrievedonApril21,2015.
10. "TheFifthGeneralCapitalIncreaseoftheAsianDevelopmentBank".ADBPolicyPapers(ADB).
March2009.Retrieved20100916.
11. "GeneralCapitalIncreaseV".ADBInfocus(ADB).April2010.Retrieved20100916.
12. "GreaterMekongSubregion".AsianDevelopmentBank.19November2007.Retrieved200712
10
13. LOAN:PRC3533901.China,People'sRep.ofYichangWanzhouRailwayProject(ADBsite)
14. Ulaanbaatarairportprojectsdocuments,adb.org.
15. AsianDevelopmentBank(ADB)(5August2013)."NewlyExpandedColomboPortToMakeSri
LankaIntoCompetitiveShippingHub".ADB.Retrieved18October2013.
16. "PrivateequityfundJVsetupbyADBtosupportlowcarbonprojects".AsiaBulletin.Retrieved4
August2014.
17. Evaluation,adb.org.
18. MethodsandGuidelinesADB.org
19. IndependentEvaluationattheAsianDevelopmentBankADB.org
20. ResourcesIndependentEvaluationattheAsianDevelopmentBank
21. EvaluationCapacityDevelopmentinADB'sDevelopingMemberCountries
22. IndependentEvaluationattheAsianDevelopmentBankADB.org
23. EvaluationReportsADB.org
24. ADBEvaluationInformationSystem
25. OngoingEvaluationsofADBPolicies&OperationinAsia&thePacificADB.org
26. LearningLessonsinADB:StrategicFramework,20072009ADB.org
27. LearningCurvesADB.org
28. AuditingtheLessonsArchitectureADB.org
29. Kilby,Christopher(2002)."DonorInfluenceinMDBs:TheCaseoftheAsianDevelopmentBank"
(PDF) .TheReviewofInternationalOrganizations68(4):509528.Retrieved20100916.
30. OxfamAustralia."TheMekongandAsianDevelopmentBank
31. IPS."UNEPfaultsAsiandevelopmentproject."
32. "LOCALCONCERNSIGNOREDLargescaleADBprojectsdrawcriticism"
33. NGOcriticisesADBandquestionsitsabilitytoreducepoverty
34. "ADBtomeetamidfoodcrisis,growingpoverty"
35. Walsh,Denny(20080423)."Laosplotcasebackinfederalcourt".SacramentoBee.Retrieved
20080423.[deadlink]
36. "ChinaslamsADBoverIndiafunding".SINAEnglish.20090619.Retrieved20090624.
37. UnitedNationsDevelopmentBusiness'website
38. ADBGraduationpolicy
39. AgreementEstablishingtheAsianDevelopmentBank.AsianDevelopmentBank.Retrieved2007
1210
40. Joinedas KingdomofLaos,succeededbyLaoPDRin1975
41. Taipei,China'sFactSheetontheADBwebsite
42. Joinedas China,RepublicofrepresentingnotonlyTaiwanArea,butalsonominallyMainland
Chinauntil1986.However,itsshareofBankcapitalwasbasedonthesizeofTaiwan'scapital,
unliketheWorldBankandIMFwherethegovernmentinTaiwanhadhadashare.The
representationwassucceededby People'sRepublicofChinain1986.However,theROCwas
allowedtoretainitsmembership,butunderthenameofTaipei,China(spacedeliberatelyomitted
afterthecomma)anameitprotests.Uniquely,thisallowsbothsidesoftheTaiwanStraitstobe
representedattheinstitution.
43. Formerly VietNam,Republicofuntil1975
44. Joinedas"HongKong",not"HongKong,China"
45. FoundingmemberjoinedasWestGermany.

Externallinks[edit]
WikimediaCommonshasmediarelatedtoAsianDevelopmentBank.
BankInformationCenter
TheADBwebsite
ADBInstitute
"InequalityWorsensacrossAsia",Dollars&Sensemagazine,November/December2007.Article
discussingrecentreportsfromtheADB.
"Therightbusinessenvironment"YouthunemploymentinAsia.AninterviewwithJesusFelipe,
advisorintheEconomicsandResearchDepartmentofADB.
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