HIGHE=ST COMMON FACTOR AND LEAST COMMON MULTIPLE

HIGHEST COMMON FACTOR (H.C.F.)

H.C.F. of two or more numbers is the greatest among their
common factors.
For eg. The factors of 16 are 1,2,4,8,16
The factors of 24 are 1,2,3,4,6,8,12,24
Therefore the common factors of 16 and
24 are 1,2,4,8. So the H.C.F. OF 16 AND 24
Is 8

All the given numbers are divisible by their H.C.F.

The product of common prime factors gives the H.C.F.
The H.C.F. of two or more mutually prime numbers is 1
The H.C.F. of given numbers is the greatest number by
which all the given numbers are divisible
The H.C.F. of given numbers is less than or equal to the
smallest number among the given numbers.
The H.C.F. of given numbers is the greatest among the
common factors.
EX 1 FIND THE H.C.F. BY OBTAINING COMMON FACTORS.
1)
12 AND 18
2)
20 AND 30
3)
28 AND 42
4)
16 AND 36
EX 2 FIND THE H.C.F. BY OBTAINING PRIME
FACTORS
1] 18 AND 24
2] 45 AND 60
3] 48 AND 64
4] 30, 45 AND 75
5] 44,60 AND 36
6] 49, 70 AND 77
7] 108, 144 AND 60

LEAST COMMON MULTIPLE L.C.M.

The lowest among all the common multiples of
two or more given numbers is called the least
common multiple (L.C.M. ) of the given numbers.
For eg multiples of 4 are 4, 8,12,16,20 ,24,28 ....
Multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18,24, 30, 36 .......
The smallest among the common multiples is 12 therefore the
L.C.M. OF 4 and 6 is 12.

The L.C.M. of two mutually prime numbers is their

product.
For eg the L.C.M. of 3 and 5 is 15 ( 3 x 5 )
The L.C.M. OF THE GIVEN NUMBERS IS GREATER THAN
OR EQUAL TO THE GREATEST NUMBER AMONG THE
TWO GIVEN NUMBERS.
The L.C.M. of given numbers is always divisible by each
of the given numbers.
Among the two given numbers, if one of them is a
factor of the other, the smaller number is the H.C.F. and
the greater number is their L.C.M.
FOR EG. For 10 and 30, the H.C.F IS 10 AND THE L.C.M.
is 30.
EX 3 FIND THE L.C.M. BY LISTING METHOD
1] 12 AND 18
2] 3,9 AND 18
3] 10,15 AND 20
4] 5 AND7
5] 12, 36 AND 48
6] 15, 60 AND 90
EX 4 FIND THE L.C.M. BY DIVISION METHOD
1] 20 AND 30
2] 18 AND 42
3] 26,65 AND 78
4] 144, 96 AND 160
5] 93, 62 AND 120
6] 18,36 AND 54

7]20,40 and 50
8] 42,70 and 84
EX 5 FILL IN THE BLANKS
1 The greatest among all the common factors of the
given numbers is called the _______ of given numbers.
2 The H.C.F of two or more mutually prime numbers is
________.
3 All the given numbers are divisible by their H.C.F.
4 The H.C.F. of 2,3 and 5 is _____
5 The H.C.F. of 5 and 7 is _____
6 The H.C.F. of 4,8 and 12 is ____
7 ______ is the greatest number by which 2,4 and 6 are all
divisible.
8 The smallest among all the common multiples of the
given numbers is called their _______
9 The L.C.M. of two or more mutually prime numbers is
given by their _______.
10 The ______ of the given numbers is always divisible by
each of the given numbers.
11 The L.C.M of 3 and 7 is _____
12 The L.C.M of 4 and 6 is _____
13 The L.C.M of 2,3 and 5 is ____
14 The L.C.M of 6,8 and 10 is _____
15 The least number that is divisible by 4 as well as 10 is
_______

EX 6 M.C.QS
1 The H.C.F. of 3 and 7 is ____

A] 3 b]7 c]1 d]21

2] The L.C.M. of 5 and 9 is _____
A] 5 b]9 c]45 d]1
3] The L.C.M. of 2, 7 and 11 is ___
A] 1 b]2 c]154

d]14

4] The H.C.F. of 13,17 and 19 is _____

A] 19

b]17

c]13x 17x 19

d] 1

5] The L.C.M. of 8 and 16 is __

A] 8 b] 128

c]1 d] 16

6] The smallest common multiple of 4,6 and 8 is _____

A] 4 b] 8 c]24 d]2
7] The greatest common factor of 16 and 24 is ______
A] 2 b] 4 c]8 d] 48